30 results on '"Oyapock"'
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2. Faces da fronteira: a atuação indígena na criação de missões no vale do rio Oiapoque (1729- 1765).
- Author
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Diniz, Karolliny and Lobato, Sidney
- Abstract
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- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Palikur traditional roundwood construction in eastern French Guiana: ethnobotanical and cultural perspectives
- Author
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Clémence Ogeron, Guillaume Odonne, Antonia Cristinoi, Julien Engel, Pierre Grenand, Jacques Beauchêne, Bruno Clair, and Damien Davy
- Subjects
Oyapock ,Palikur ,Traditional technological knowledge ,Amazonia ,Annonaceae ,Sapotaceae ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background Palikur Amerindians live in the eastern part of French Guiana which is undergoing deep-seated changes due to the geographical and economic opening of the region. So far, Palikur’s traditional ecological knowledge is poorly documented, apart from medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to document ethnobotanical practices related to traditional construction in the region. Methods A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Thirty-nine Palikur men were interviewed in three localities (Saint-Georges de l’Oyapock, Regina and Trois-Palétuviers) between December 2013 and July 2014. Twenty-four inventories of wood species used in traditional buildings were conducted in the villages, as well as ethnobotanical walks in the neighboring forests, to complete data about usable species and to determine Linnaean names. Results After an ethnographic description of roundwood Palikur habitat, the in situ wood selection process of Palikur is precisely described. A total of 960 roundwood pieces were inventoried in situ according to Palikur taxonomy, of which 860 were beams and rafters, and 100 posts in 20 permanent and 4 temporary buildings. Twenty-seven folk species were identified. Sixty-three folk species used in construction were recorded during ethnobotanical walks. They correspond to 263 botanical species belonging to 25 families. Posts in permanent buildings were made of yawu (Minquartia guianensis) (51%) and wakap (Vouacapoua americana) (14%). Beams and rafters were made of wood from Annonaceae (79%) and Lecythidaceae (13%) families. The most frequently used species were kuukumwi priye (Oxandra asbeckii), kuukumwi seyne (Pseudoxandra cuspidata), and pukuu (Xylopia nitida and X. cayennensis). Conclusions Although the Palikur’s relationship with their habitat is undergoing significant changes, knowledge about construction wood is still very much alive in the Oyapock basin. Many people continue to construct traditional buildings alongside modern houses, using a wide array of species described here for the first time, along with the techniques used.
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- 2018
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4. "Aqui começa o Brasil": colonisation pénale, territorialisation et mise en frontière du fleuve Oyapock. 1853-1927.
- Author
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Tracol, Samuel and Houte, Arnaud-Dominique
- Subjects
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BOUNDARY disputes , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *COMMUNITIES , *COLONIZATION , *IMPERIALISM , *COLONIES , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The Oyapock River has been the border between France and Brazil since the Treaty of Bern came to resolve a centuries-old dispute between the two states. Only populated by indigenous communities and a few adventurers, the two banks of the river are untouched by any lasting colonial and national settlement before the second half of the 19th century. Penal colonization is the formula adopted by the two states to fill the "void" of a border to be formalized. The criminal models circulate and are reinterpreted by participating with great intensity in the making of the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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5. E6/E7 Sequence Diversity of High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Two Geographically Isolated Populations of French Guiana
- Author
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Mathieu Nacher, Gersande Godefroy, Valentin Dufit, Maylis Douine, Fatiha Najioullah, Raymond Césaire, Nadia Thomas, Kinan Drak Alsibai, Antoine Adenis, and Vincent Lacoste
- Subjects
human papillomavirus ,genotype ,variant ,remote populations ,Maroni ,Oyapock ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Amerindian and Maroon populations of French Guiana have been living in isolation for generations and sexual networks remained mostly endogamous. The present study aimed to describe the phylogeny of E6 and E7 sequences of the most common high-risk HPV genotypes in these regions, to ascertain the diversity of intra-type variants and describe evolutionary relationships. There were 106 women with at least one of HPV16, 18, 31, 52, 58, and 68 genotypes. The most clear-cut phylogenetic pattern was obtained for HPV18 and HPV58 for which the major branches were crisply divided between Amerindian villages on the Oyapock and Maroon villages on the Maroni. Such clustering was less clear for HPV31 and 52. For HPV16, there was also some evidence of clustering on the Oyapock with type A European viruses and on the Maroni with type B and C African viruses among Maroon women. HPV68 showed the largest sequence heterogeneity of the six genotypes at both nucleotide and amino acid levels and was restricted to Maroon women. The present results show that there were significant geographically based differences of E6 and E7 oncogenes. These differences were compatible with different ancestral virus populations and local virus evolution in a context of prolonged population isolation.
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- 2020
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6. Clevelândia, Oyapock: cartographies and heterotopias in the 1920's decade
- Author
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Carlo Romani
- Subjects
Agro colony ,Penal colony ,Clevelândia ,Oyapock ,Amapá ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Despite the Oyapock River border had been attached to Brazilian territory in 1900, the official colonization occurred only in the 1920's. The Brazilian Federal Government strategy was to build an agro-colony called Clevelândia. Between 1924 and 1927, it was transformed into a penal colony, causing the failure of the agro-colony experience. The populating process moved to nearly Martinique village, an oldest black and riverine community, after renamed to Oyapock. This article presents human and social relations established at those places in three different moments: the agro-colony, the penal-colony and the new Martinique community. The historical sources were used to map these places. The objective is to understand, with the aid of 'cartography', which kind of relationship among this diverse population was established and how it was happened. Despite the governmental hierarchizing of space, the individual real life reinvented it creating social relations not planned by the power of State: the 'heterotopias'.
- Published
- 2011
7. United by the river, separated by the bridge: inequalities on the Franco-Brazilian border
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Fabio Santos, Freie Universität Berlin, OHM Oyapock, and ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011)
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media_common.quotation_subject ,fronteira ,frontière ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Amazonia ,Guyane française ,inequalities ,border ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Oyapock River ,desigualdades ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Amazonie ,media_common ,Amapá ,General Medicine ,Art ,French Guiana ,Guiana Francesa ,Rio Oiapoque ,Oyapock ,Amazônia ,inégalités ,OHM Oyapock ,Humanities - Abstract
Além de analisar as etapas que levaram ao atraso e à inauguração da Ponte Binacional, este artigo procura compreender os efeitos da ponte quatro anos após a sua inauguração. Com base em seis meses de trabalho de campo etnográfico assim como na análise de documentos e discursos, o artigo reforça o argumento de que a questão da não reciprocidade de vistos foi não apenas a chave para o atraso da ponte: após sua inauguração, ela realmente transformou a ponte em uma via de mão única, que perpetua as desigualdades com base na cidadania e em conexão com outros eixos de estratificação. Causando conflitos em uma região historicamente entrelaçada, a Ponte Binacional contradiz os enquadramentos políticos predominantes a uma ponte de conexão. Outre l’analyse des étapes qui ont conduit au retard et à l’inauguration du pont binational, cet article cherche à comprendre les effets du pont quatre ans après son inauguration. Basé sur six mois d’enquête de terrain ainsi que sur l’analyse de documents et du discours, l’article renforce l’argument selon lequel la question de la non-réciprocité des visas n’a pas seulement été la clé du retard du pont : après son inauguration, elle a en fait transformé le pont en une rue à sens unique qui perpétue les inégalités fondées sur la citoyenneté et en lien avec d’autres axes de stratification. A l’origine de conflits dans une région historiquement enchevêtrée, le pont binational est en contradiction avec les encadrements politiques dominants d’un pont de liaison. Besides analyzing the steps that led to the delay and the inauguration of the Binational Bridge, this article seeks to understand the effects of the bridge four years after its inauguration. Based on six months of ethnographic fieldwork as well as document and discourse analysis, the article reinforces the argument that the issue of visa non-reciprocity has not only been key to the delay of the bridge: in the aftermath of the inauguration, it actually turned the bridge into a one-way street which perpetuates inequalities on the basis of citizenship and in connection with other axes of stratification. Causing conflicts in a historically entangled region, the Binational Bridge contradicts prevailing political framings of a connecting bridge.
- Published
- 2021
8. Faces da fronteira: a atuação indígena na criação de missões no vale do rio Oiapoque (1729-1765)
- Author
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Sidney da Silva Lobato and Karolliny Diniz
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French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature ,Oiapoque ,Jesuits ,Jesuítas ,Social Sciences ,General Medicine ,F1201-3799 ,Missions ,Povos indígenas ,Frontier ,Jésuites ,Oyapock ,Missões ,Fronteira ,Latin America. Spanish America ,PQ1-3999 ,Indigenous peoples ,Frontière ,Peuples indigènes - Abstract
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a participação de indígenas na criação de missões religiosas francesas no vale do rio Oiapoque, entre 1729 e 1765. A pesquisa se baseou em cartas edificantes e curiosas escritas por jesuítas. Inferimos que os indígenas participavam da definição dos locais de instalação das missões e dos povos a serem aí reunidos. Como catequistas, tornavam-se também importantes agentes da cristianização. Cet article vise à analyser la participation des peuples indigènes à la création des missions religieuses françaises dans la vallée de l’Oyapock, entre 1729 et 1765. La recherche est basée sur des lettres édifiantes et curieuses écrites par des jésuites. Nous en déduisons que les Indiens ont participé à la définition des lieux où les missions ont été installées et au choix des peuples qui y seraient rassemblés. En tant que catéchistes, ils sont également devenus des agents importants de la christianisation. This article aims to analyze the indigenous people participation in the creation of French religious missions in the Oyapock River valley, between 1729 and 1765. The research was based on edifying and curious letters written by Jesuits. We infer that the Native Americans participated in the definition of the places where the missions were installed and chose the people to be gathered there. As catechists, they also became important agents of christianization.
- Published
- 2021
9. Health cooperation along the Oyapock river: a transborder cooperation towards a better care for people living with HIV in the Oyapock region
- Author
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Collectif, Service des Centres de santé, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], OHM Oyapock, and ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011)
- Subjects
França ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,coopération ,cooperation ,frontier ,fronteira ,frontière ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Political science ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,santé ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Oiapoque ,Brasil ,health ,General Medicine ,interculturality ,Brésil ,cooperação ,Oyapock ,saúde ,interculturalidade ,OHM Oyapock ,France ,interculturalité ,Humanities ,Brazil - Abstract
Cet article présente un exemple de coopération en santé entre la France et le Brésil autour du programme Oyapock Coopération Santé dont un des objectifs est l’amélioration du suivi des patients vivant avec le VIH (PvVIH) dans le bassin de vie transfrontalier de l’Oyapock. Les PvVIH résidant à Oiapoque, ville brésilienne frontalière ont d’importantes contraintes de mobilité liées au suivi spécialisé de leur pathologie dans leur État. Elles ont également des représentations plus positives sur le système de santé français. Ces raisons les conduisent à préférer traverser la frontière pour être pris en charge à Saint-Georges. Or ce suivi n’est pas pour autant optimal, engendrant des frais de déplacements, une potentielle illégalité sur le territoire français et/ou des difficultés administratives se surajoutant à un suivi contraignant. L’objectif du projet a été de mettre en place une consultation spécialisée pour les PvVIH à Oiapoque afin de leur donner accès à un suivi de qualité sur leur territoire de résidence. Ce projet a nécessité le travail de nombreux acteurs français et brésiliens d’origines socio-professionnelles différentes amenés à apprendre à collaborer en tenant compte de la complexité de l’interculturalité, matérialisée notamment par des barrières linguistiques et culturelles. Este artigo apresenta um exemplo de cooperação em saúde entre a França e o Brasil em torno do programa Oiapoque Cooperação Saúde cujo um dos objetivos é melhorar o acompanhamento dos pessoas vivendo com HIV (PvVIH) na área de convivência transfronteiriça de Oiapoque. Para os PvVIH residindo em Oiapoque, cidade fronteiriça brasileira, as restrições de mobilidade vinculadas ao acompanhamento especializado de sua patologia em seu Estado e representações imaginadas sobre o sistema de saúde francês os levam a preferir cruzar a fronteira para serem atendidos. No entanto, esse acompanhamento não é tão ótimo, gerando despesas com viagens, uma potencial ilegalidade no território francês e/ou dificuldades administrativas se sobrecarregando a um à um acompanhamento restritivo. O objetivo do projeto era estabelecer uma consulta especializada para os pacientes PVHIV em Oiapoque a fim de dar-lhes acesso a um acompanhamento de qualidade em seu território de residência. Este projeto exigiu o trabalho de muitos atores franceses e brasileiros de diferentes origens sócio-profissionais levados a aprender a colaborar, levando em consideração a complexidade da interculturalidade, materializada em particular por barreiras linguísticas e culturais. This article presents an example of health cooperation between France and Brazil through a project called « Oyapock Coopération Santé » meaning health cooperation along the Oyapock river. It aims to provide patients living with HIV (PlHIV) with a better access to medical care in the frontier area of the Oyapock river. PlHIV living in Oiapoque, the Brazilian border city, face constraints of mobility for accessing to a specialized care in their own state. They also have a positive representation of the French Healthcare system. For these reasons, they prefer to cross the border to seek care in French Guiana. However, this follow-up is not optimal as patients need to pay the trip, deal with the fact they are staying illegally in the French territory and other administrative difficulties. The purpose of the projet was the creation of a dedicated medical care for PlHIV in Oiapoque so they can have access to a quality follow-up in their territory of residence. Many French and Brazilian stakeholders from different socio-professional backgrounds worked together on this project. They had to learn to work together and to collaborate in a complex intercultural environment facing cultural and linguistic barriers.
- Published
- 2021
10. A taxonomic review of Satanoperca (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from French Guiana, South America, with description of a new species.
- Author
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KULLANDER, Sven O.
- Subjects
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OSTEICHTHYES , *CICHLIDS , *INTROGRESSION (Genetics) , *FISH genetics , *FISH morphology - Abstract
The new species Satanoperca rhynchitis occurs in French Guiana in the Oyapock, Approuague, Comté, Kourou, Sinnamary and Iracoubo river drainages. It is distinguished from congeneric species in particular by lower meristics and a longer snout, probably also by red lips in life. Samples of Satanoperca from Amapá state in Brazil fall into two groups, one probably representing the Amazonian S. jurupari, and the other resembling S. rhynchitis but with shorter snout. Species assignation of Amapá samples is not definite because of small sample sizes. Rio Amapá samples and coastal specimens from French Guiana may represent introgression of the Amazonian S. jurupari. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
11. A história entre o oficial e o lendário: interações culturais no Oiapoque.
- Author
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Romani, Carlo
- Subjects
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CULTURAL identity , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *SOCIAL change , *INDIGENOUS peoples of the Americas , *CREOLES , *BRAZILIANS , *FOOD , *MUSIC - Abstract
The border French-Brazilian area by along Oyapock’s river was the stage of a long content litigious amid both countries until December 1900. This article studies followings inside and foreign migrations, someone natural and another ones induced by the States, and the cultural changes established by different people (Indians, Creoles and Caboclos, the Brazilians colored people) living in. Beyond these ancients inhabitants, we had other two movements of migration. By the north, people coming from Caribbean islands, the most from Martinique, and by the south people coming from the Brazilian’s states of Pará and Ceará, have been meeting on Oyapock, definitively configuring a complex cultural mixing pot. The rich musical changing, the food and the mixing behaviors of this different people, have been creating nowadays a peculiar and suggestive culture: we really could named it as Caribbean- Amazon culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
12. Palikur traditional roundwood construction in eastern French Guiana: ethnobotanical and cultural perspectives
- Author
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Ogeron, Clémence, Odonne, Guillaume, Cristinoi, Antonia, Engel, Julien, Grenand, Pierre, Beauchêne, Jacques, Clair, Bruno, and Davy, Damien
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Jusqu’où va la mer ? Une exploration des marges de l’anthropologie maritime
- Author
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Alix Levain and Pauline Laval
- Subjects
épistémologie ,sea ,media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:Anthropology ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,phénoménologie ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,swamp ,estuary ,anthropologie maritime ,mer ,marginalité ,histoire ,marais ,estuaire ,Brittany ,disciplinary field ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,algae ,champ disciplinaire ,lcsh:GN1-890 ,marginality ,epistemology ,021107 urban & regional planning ,maritime anthropology ,General Medicine ,Art ,Bretagne ,algues ,Oyapock ,phenomenology ,history ,Humanities - Abstract
L’anthropologie maritime fédère, depuis les années 1970, de nombreux travaux sur les sociétés côtières. Mettant l’accent sur la singularité de l’expérience de la vie en mer, elle s’est jusqu’à présent particulièrement appuyée sur l’ethnographie comparée des populations de pêcheurs en milieu océanique. Dans les sociétés vivant auprès des estuaires et des fleuves côtiers, l’influence de la mer se fait aussi sentir sous différentes formes, directes – comme l’intimité avec les milieux aquatiques – ou indirectes. Mais le rôle que peut jouer leur étude dans le développement du champ de l’anthropologie maritime reste incertain.En prenant appui sur la comparaison de deux terrains d’enquête liminaux, la pêche dans l’estuaire amazonien de l’Oyapock et les conflits socio-environnementaux sur le littoral du Finistère, cet article s’attache à montrer la multiplicité et le caractère changeant des formes de présence de la mer dans les sociétés ripariennes, estuariennes et rurales. Les marges de l’espace maritime constituent de fait un point d’observation privilégié des transformations matérielles et immatérielles qui affectent le rapport aux écosystèmes et aux paysages marins, dans le contexte de leur anthropisation accélérée.Il questionne à nouveaux frais le périmètre de l’anthropologie maritime, en mettant l’accent sur le dépassement de la dialectique terre-mer et sur la réflexivité de l’observateur. Pour ce faire, il propose d’envisager la mer comme un système continu, dynamique et mouvant et de développer l’approche phénoménologique de l’élément marin au delà des sociétés côtières. Maritime anthropology federates, since the 1970s, numerous research studies on coastal societies. Emphasizing the singularity of the experience of life at sea, maritime anthropology particularly leaned until now on the comparative ethnography of fishing communities in oceanic environments. Societies living close to estuaries and coastal rivers also feel the influence of the sea under various forms, both direct - as the intimacy with the aquatic environment - and indirect. But the place and role of anthropological research addressing this specific experience in the development of the field of the maritime anthropology remains uncertain.Drawing on the comparison of two field studies -fishing activities in the Amazonian estuary of Oyapock and socio-environmental conflicts on the coast of Finistère (France) - this article shows the multiplicity and the changing forms of presence of the sea in coastal, riparian and rural societies. In the context of rapid and complex anthropogenic change, the margins of the maritime space appear as a heuristic viewpoint to explore the material and immaterial transformations, which affect the connections with marine ecosystems and seascapes.The article raises new questions and avenues as regards to the scope and future directions of maritime anthropology, emphasizing the need for an overtaking of the land-sea dialectic and enhanced reflexivity of the observers. To do so, the authors suggest a systemic and phenomenological approach of the sea and the marine element, which in such a perspective should be addressed as a continuous, dynamic and unstable system extending beyond coastal societies.
- Published
- 2018
14. Study of the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of tropical rivers by measures in situ and remote sensing : the case of the Maroni, Oyapock and Orinoco
- Author
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Gallay, Marjorie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement de Cayenne, Université de Guyane, Antoine Gardel, Alain Laraque, and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Carbone ,Télédétection ,Chlorophyll a ,Particulate nitrogen ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Mine ,Physicochemical ,Paramètres Physico-chimiques ,Flux de matières ,Deforestation ,Remove sensing ,Hydrologie ,Material flow ,Specific solid transport ,Déforestation ,Azote particulaire ,Orinoco ,Activités minières ,Orénoque ,Chlorophylle a ,Carbon ,Oyapock ,MODIS ,MES ,[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Hydrology ,Maroni ,Transport solide spécifique - Abstract
The water of rivers, lakes and reservoirs represents only 0.26 % of the 2.5 % (35 million of km3) of fresh water available on the liquid state on Earth, but its quality and quantity strongly decreased these last years. Her degradation has consequences on the farming, the health, the environment and the economy of territories and is now in the center of the societal concerns. The objectives of the present thesis are for three rivers located in the Guiana Shield, in the North of South America (the Maroni, the Oyapock, the Orinoco): i) to use and to adapt innovative tools of remote detection to follow and quantify, on the long term, their sedimentary loads, ii) to estimate the existence of spatiotemporal trends, as well as breaks in the chronicles of data, iii) to quantify the organic and mineral part of these loads, iv) to appreciate the role of the natural (discharge and precipitation) and the anthropological factors (urban, agricultural and mining surfaces) on the observed trends and finally, v) to discuss thresholds of concentrations for the quality monitoring of the river water.The results showed that it is possible to follow the concentrations of suspension materials, for rivers Maroni and Orinoco with a relative error of 25 and 32 % respectively. Over the period 2000-2016, regular spatiotemporal trends were observed for the Orinoco, while they are increasing for Maroni with a break in 2009 and in decrease for the Oyapock since 2008 (in situ data). A strong link with the increase of the deforestation for the mining surfaces and the precipitation is observed for the Maroni catchment while for the Oyapock the trend is explained by the specific water discharge.For two years of studies (2014-2016), the mineral loads represented the strongest fraction of particles transported in the Maroni River at Saut Hermina (on average 93 %) and in the Oyapock River at Saut Maripa (on average 82 %) with a high variability according to the months of the content in carbon in the transported materials and for both rivers. Finally, report C/N and C/Chl-a revealed organic matters of mainly endogenous origin with a strong chlorophyll biomass and especially during the low water period., L'eau des fleuves, des rivières, des lacs et des réservoirs ne représente que 0,26 % des 2,5 % (35 millions de km3) d'eau douce disponibles à l’état liquide sur Terre, or sa qualité et quantité ont fortement diminué ces dernières années. Sa dégradation a des conséquences sur l'agriculture, la santé, l'environnement et l'économie des territoires et est aujourd'hui au centre des préoccupations sociétales. Les objectifs de la présente thèse sont pour trois fleuves localisés dans le Bouclier des Guyanes, au nord de l'Amérique du Sud (le Maroni, l'Oyapock, l'Orénoque): (i) d'utiliser et d'adapter des outils novateurs de télédétection pour suivre et quantifier, sur du long terme, leurs charges sédimentaires en suspension, (ii) d'évaluer l'existence de tendances spatio-temporelles, ainsi que de ruptures dans les chroniques de données, (iii) de quantifier la part organique et minérale de ces charges, (iv) d'apprécier le rôle des facteurs naturels (débits et précipitations) et anthropiques (surfaces urbaines, agricoles et minières) sur les tendances observées et enfin, (v) de discuter de seuils de charges pour le suivi de la qualité de l'eau. Les résultats ont montré qu'il est possible de suivre les concentrations de matières en suspension, pour les fleuves Orénoque et Maroni avec une erreur relative de 32 et 25% respectivement. Sur la période 2000-2016, des tendances spatio-temporelles régulières ont été observées pour l'Orénoque, alors qu'elles sont en augmentation pour le Maroni avec une rupture en 2009 et en diminution pour l'Oyapock depuis 2008 (données in situ). Un lien fort avec l'augmentation de la déforestation pour les surfaces minières et les précipitations est observé pour le Maroni alors que pour l'Oyapock les tendances sont liées aux débits.Pour les deux années d'études (2014-2016), les charges minérales ont représenté la plus forte fraction des particules transportées dans les eaux du Maroni au Saut Hermina (en moyenne 93 %) et de l'Oyapock au Saut Maripa (en moyenne 82 %) avec une grande variabilité selon les mois de la teneur en carbone dans les matières transportées et pour les deux fleuves. Enfin, les rapports C/N et C/Chl-a ont dévoilé des matières organiques d'origine principalement endogène avec une forte biomasse chlorophyllienne surtout durant les basses eaux.
- Published
- 2017
15. E6/E7 Sequence Diversity of High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Two Geographically Isolated Populations of French Guiana.
- Author
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Nacher, Mathieu, Godefroy, Gersande, Dufit, Valentin, Douine, Maylis, Najioullah, Fatiha, Césaire, Raymond, Thomas, Nadia, Drak Alsibai, Kinan, Adenis, Antoine, and Lacoste, Vincent
- Subjects
PAPILLOMAVIRUSES ,REPRODUCTIVE isolation ,POPULATION ,ONCOGENES ,GENOTYPES - Abstract
Amerindian and Maroon populations of French Guiana have been living in isolation for generations and sexual networks remained mostly endogamous. The present study aimed to describe the phylogeny of E6 and E7 sequences of the most common high-risk HPV genotypes in these regions, to ascertain the diversity of intra-type variants and describe evolutionary relationships. There were 106 women with at least one of HPV16, 18, 31, 52, 58, and 68 genotypes. The most clear-cut phylogenetic pattern was obtained for HPV18 and HPV58 for which the major branches were crisply divided between Amerindian villages on the Oyapock and Maroon villages on the Maroni. Such clustering was less clear for HPV31 and 52. For HPV16, there was also some evidence of clustering on the Oyapock with type A European viruses and on the Maroni with type B and C African viruses among Maroon women. HPV68 showed the largest sequence heterogeneity of the six genotypes at both nucleotide and amino acid levels and was restricted to Maroon women. The present results show that there were significant geographically based differences of E6 and E7 oncogenes. These differences were compatible with different ancestral virus populations and local virus evolution in a context of prolonged population isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The French-Brazilian border in Oyapock, bilateral issues between development and sustainability
- Author
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Junior, Raimundo Nonato, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (unicentro), and OHM Oyapock
- Subjects
França ,sustainable development ,Oiapoque ,Brasil ,Departamento ultramarino ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,estudos bilaterais ,O artigo propõe um estudo comparativo da fronteira franco-brasileira do Oiapoque entre a Guiana francesa ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Oyapock ,lcsh:G ,OHM Oyapock ,desenvolvimento sustentável ,e o Estado federal brasileiro do Amapá. O estudo foca-se na análise dos conceitos de “desenvolvimento” e “sustentabilidade” pelos habitantes da fronteira do Oiapoque. A economia da fronteira externa é fortemente dependente do Estados nacionais. A expansão ,France ,os conceitos de “desenvolvimento” e “sustentabilidade” são importantes em diferentes escalas. Portanto ,propõe-se comparação desses conceitos entre os atores locais e nacionais na região de fronteira do Oiapoque ,bilateral studies ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Brazil - Abstract
L’article propose une étude comparative dans la frontière franco-brésilienne de l’Oyapock entre la Guyane, département français d’Outre-mer, et l’état fédéré brésilien de l’Amapá. En particulier, l’étude porte sur l’analyse des concepts de « développement » et « durabilité » par les habitants de la frontière de l’Oyapock. L’économie de cette frontière ultrapériphérique est fortement dépendante des États. L’expansion attendue du commerce à l’échelle locale représente une opportunité pour le rapprochement entre le Brésil et l’Europe. Dans ce contexte, les concepts de « développement » et « durabilité » sont importants à différentes échelles. Par conséquent, on propose une comparaison de ces concepts parmi les acteurs locaux et nationaux de la région frontalière de l’Oyapock. This article is based on a geographical comparison of French and Brazilian territorial policies on the frontier between French Guiana and the Brazilian state of Amapá. In particular, our paper focuses on the conception of developments and sustainability around the Oyapock boarder. These peripheral regions are severely dependent from their respective central states. Local economic exchange however, promises to offer a strategy of reconciliation between Europe and Brazil. In that context, concepts of “development” and “sustainability” are important in different scales. Then, a comparison between local and national scales became a way to ask about the differences and dialogues in Oyapock border region.
- Published
- 2015
17. Ici commence le Brésil! Géohistoire d'une frontière compliquée
- Author
-
Federico Ferretti, Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FNS div. 1, proj. Ecrire le Monde Autrement, and Federico Ferretti
- Subjects
frontière franco-brésilienne ,Guiana ,Élisée Reclus ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,lcsh:G1-922 ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Franco-Brazilian border ,02 engineering and technology ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,16. Peace & justice ,Oyapock ,Guyane, Oyapock, frontière franco-brésilienne, Henri Coudreau, Élisée Reclus ,050703 geography ,Frontière franco-brésilienne ,Henri Coudreau ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Guyane ,ddc:910 - Abstract
International audience; A new work by the Brazilian historian Carlo Romani gives an important contribution to the geo-historical construction of the border between Brazil and French Guiana, including its political importance and its impact on local society. We analyze this work in the light of the role played by French Geographers, namely Henri Coudreau, Élisée Reclus and Paul Vidal de la Blache, who participated, with very heterogeneous positions, in the 1897-1900 border dispute. Finally, we stress the effectiveness of these debates for the present problems of regional integration in the concerned territories.; Un nouvel ouvrage de l'historien brésilien Carlo Romani vient d'apporter une contribution importante à la construction géo-historique de la frontière entre le Brésil et la Guyane française, ainsi qu'à l'étude de ses enjeux politiques et de son impact sur la société locale. Nous analysons ce travail à la lumière du rôle joué par les géographes français, notamment Henri Coudreau, Élisée Reclus et Paul Vidal de la Blache, qui sont intervenus avec des positions très hétérogènes dans la controverse frontalière de 1897-1900. Nous soulignons finalement l'actualité de ces débats pour les enjeux présents de l'intégration régionale des territoires concernés.
- Published
- 2014
18. La résistance aux antibiotiques des bactéries E. coli en milieu naturel
- Author
-
Andremont, Antoine and Ruaux, Nathalie
- Subjects
Oyapock ,contamination ,eau ,pénicillinase ,céphalosporines ,Escherichia coli ,[SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,amérindiens ,infections ,[SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,orpaillage ,Guyane ,méthylmercure - Abstract
Jusqu’à la fin des années 1990, les bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques étaient essentiellement isolées chez les patients hospitalisés. Ce n’est plus le cas aujourd’hui, la résistance aux antibiotiques étant également observée en dehors de l’hôpital. Il est important de bien comprendre les mécanismes d’émergence et de dissémination de la résistance dans les populations de bactéries. Or, de telles étudessont difficiles à réaliser dans un milieu trop complexe, avec des populations mouvantes, en présence de multiples sources d’antibiotiques. Le terrain d'étude ici est le village de Trois-Sauts, situé très en amont sur le fleuve Oyapock en Guyane.
- Published
- 2013
19. La résistance aux antibiotiques des bactéries E. coli en milieu naturel : Écologie de la résistance aux antibiotiques d’Escherichia coli et de Staphylococcus aureus dans les flores commensales de l’homme et des animaux en milieu naturel
- Author
-
Andremont, Antoine, Emergence de la résistance bactérienne in vivo (EA3964), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PNR EST, and ERAES 2
- Subjects
[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,Oyapock ,contamination ,pénicillinase ,eau ,céphalosporines ,Escherichia coli ,amérindiens ,infections ,orpaillage ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Guyane ,méthylmercure - Abstract
National audience; Jusqu’à la fin des années 1990, les bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques étaient essentiellement isolées chez les patients hospitalisés. Ce n’est plus le cas aujourd’hui, la résistance aux antibiotiques étant également observée en dehors de l’hôpital. Il est important de bien comprendre les mécanismes d’émergence et de dissémination de la résistance dans les populations de bactéries. Or, de telles étudessont difficiles à réaliser dans un milieu trop complexe, avec des populations mouvantes, en présence de multiples sources d’antibiotiques. Le terrain d'étude ici est le village de Trois-Sauts, situé très en amont sur le fleuve Oyapock en Guyane.
- Published
- 2013
20. L’agriculture à Saint-Georges de l’Oyapock : Bilan et perspectives Agricultura em Saint-Georges de l’Oyapock : Resultados e Perspectivas Agriculture in Saint-Georges de l’Oyapock: Results and Prospects
- Author
-
Koné Tchansia
- Subjects
agriculture familiale ,public policy ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,fronteira ,politique publique ,frontière ,French Guiana ,Oyapock ,política pública ,lcsh:G ,Guyane française ,border ,agricultura familiar ,family agriculture ,Guiana francesa ,Oyapock river ,rio Oiapoque - Abstract
À Saint-Georges de l’Oyapock, l’ouverture du pont binational est source de questionnements quant aux répercussions que ce nouvel axe de circulation aura sur l’économie locale. La question foncière faisant partie de ces interrogations, il a été réalisé un état des lieux du fait agricole à Saint-Georges. Au-delà de la photographie quelque peu figée de l’occupation agricole actuelle du sol, nous avons tenté de suivre l’itinéraire qui va du choix de la parcelle à mettre en valeur à la destination de ses produits, en nous attachant particulièrement à la description de l’accès à la terre. Pensé dès son origine comme un outil d’aide à la décision, ce travail a mis en évidence les incohérences et les zones d’ombre de l’accès à la terre, éléments qui pourront être intégrés dans la définition d’un programme de gestion de l’espace agricole.Em Saint-Georges de Oyapock, a abertura da ponte binacional é fonte de interrogações quanto às repercussões que este novo eixo de circulação terá sobre a economia local. Para a questão fundiária, como ela faz parte destas interrogações, foi realizado o estado da arte da situação agrícola em Saint-Georges. Por trás da imagem estática da ocupação agrícola atual do solo, procuramos ir além da valorização da parcela e do destino de seus produtos, focalizando-nos particularmente na descrição do acesso à terra. Pensado a partir da sua origem como um instrumento de ajuda à decisão, este trabalho pôs em evidência as incoerências e as zonas de sombra do acesso à terra, elementos que poderão ser integrados na definição de um programa de gestão do espaço agrícola.In Saint-Georges de l’Oyapock, the opening of the binational bridge is source of questionnings as for the repercussions that this new axis of circulation will have on the local economy. The land question being part of these interrogations, it was carried out an inventory of the agricultural fact in Saint-Georges. Behind the somewhat fixed photography of the current agricultural occupation of the ground, we tried particularly to follow the route which goes from the choice of the piece of land and its development, at the destination of its products, by attaching us to the description of the access to the ground. Thought as of its origin like a tool of decision-making aid, this work highlighted the inconsistencies and the traps of the access to the ground, elements which could be integrated in the definition of a program of management to this agricultural area.
- Published
- 2012
21. Construction et restructuration territoriale chez les Wayãpi et Teko de la commune de Camopi, Guyane française Construção e reestruturação territorial dos Wayãpi e Teko do município de Camopi, Guiana francesa Construction and territorial restructuring of the Wayãpi and Teko Indians from the municipality of Camopi, French Guiana
- Author
-
Davy Damien, Isabelle Tritsch, and Pierre Grenand
- Subjects
Parque Nacional ,Teko ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Wayãpi ,Território ,French Guiana ,Oyapock ,lcsh:G ,Guyane française ,Territoire ,Parcs Nationaux ,Territory ,Guiana francesa ,National Parks ,Guyane - Abstract
Deux peuples amérindiens de langue tupi-guarani, les Teko et les Wayãpi, vivent sur le territoire de Camopi, commune de Guyane française. Dans cet article1 nous nous attachons à retracer la construction historique de leurs territoires actuels, en montrant quand et comment ils se les ont appropriés. Nous explicitons également comment ces territoires sont devenus une commune de la République française. Dans une deuxième partie, nous présentons comment ces peuples s’adaptent aux changements contemporains induits par l’orpaillage illégal ayant lieu sur leur territoire et par le recrû démographique sans précédent qu’ils connaissent. Enfin, après avoir montré l’échec des politiques de regroupement que l’État français leur a imposé depuis 40 ans, nous concluons sur l’importance identitaire de leurs revendications socio-culturelles et territoriales contemporaines.Dois povos indígenas de língua Tupi-Guarani, os Wayãpi e os Teko moram no território de Camopí, município da Guiana Francesa. Neste artigo tentamos traçar a construção histórica dos territórios atuais desses povos, mostrando como e quando têm apropriado. Explicamos como estes territórios tornaram-se em um município da República Francesa. Em uma segunda parte, apresentamos como essas populações se adaptaram às mudanças contemporâneas induzidas pela garimpagem ilegal ocorrendo em seu território e o crescimento demográfico sem precedentes que eles vivem. Finalmente, depois de mostrar o fracasso das políticas de reunificação que o Estado francês impôs desde 40 anos, podemos concluir sobre a importância atual da afirmação das suas reivindicações socioculturais e territoriais contemporâneas.Two peoples of Tupi-Guarani language, Teko and Wayãpi Indians, live on the territory of Camopi, French Guiana municipality. In this article we try to trace the historical construction of the present territories of these people by showing how and when they appropriate it. We explain how these territories have become a municipality of the French Republic. In a second part, we present how these people adapt to contemporary changes induced by illegal mining taking place on their territory and to an unprecedented demographic increase of theirs own peoples. Finally, after showing the failure of reunification policies that the French state has imposed since 40 years, we conclude on the importance of the identity claims for their land and their cultures.
- Published
- 2012
22. Dynamique des savoirs et des échanges d’un produit de collecte en territoire transfrontalier
- Author
-
Pauline, Laval
- Subjects
ethnoécologie ,cadeia produtiva ,Oiapoque ,non-timber forest products ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Amapá ,ethnoecology ,filière ,French Guiana ,Guiana Francesa ,Oyapock ,lcsh:G ,Guyane française ,etnoecologia ,value chain ,Euterpe oleracea Mart ,produtos florestais não-madeireiros ,produits forestiers non ligneux - Abstract
Le palmier wassaï (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), aussi appelé açaí au Brésil et pinot en Guyane, est natif du bassin amazonien, en Amérique du Sud. Dans cette région, il est d’une importance alimentaire majeure. En effet, on peut tirer de ses fruits un nectar très riche qui constitue une part importante de la consommation de certains peuples d’Amazonie, notamment pendant la période de fructification du palmier. Ce nectar est désormais à la mode en milieu urbain au Brésil, et s’exporte sous une large gamme de produits dérivés à l’international, grâce à ses vertus énergétiques et anti-oxydantes reconnues. Si la majeure partie de la production et de la transformation de wassaï se déroule à Belém, dans l’Etat du Pará au Brésil, de nombreuses autres filières existent à plus petite échelle, car le fruit comme le nectar, très périssables, supportent mal le transport. Cet article explicite la filière de production du nectar de wassaï du bas Oyapock, région frontalière entre la Guyane française et le Brésil. Nous étudions, du point de vue de l’ethnoécologie, les impacts de la frontière sur la dynamique des savoirs et des échanges du wassaï. Plus de 100 entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés chez les différents groupes ethniques du bas Oyapock, ainsi que des travaux d’observation participante de localisation des zones de croissance du wassaï, et un lexique spécialisé trilingue a été réalisé. Les résultats révèlent une très grande diversité de savoirs, de savoir-faire et d’usages de ce palmier, parmi les 9 groupes ethniques recensés dans la région. Ces usages sont le plus souvent spécifiques à chaque groupe, et en perte de vitesse, sauf la consommation de nectar, qui est commune à tous les groupes ethniques, en augmentation générale. Les savoirs et techniques consacrés à la domestication et à la préparation du nectar sont explicités. Dans le but de comprendre la répartition du palmier sur ce territoire, la cartographie des zones de croissance du palmier dans la région est établie en tenant compte des trois principaux écosystèmes distingués par les autochtones, ainsi que les zones de collecte et les circuits suivis par les fruits et le nectar tout au long du processus de production et de consommation. La discussion finale aborde notamment le problème du statut foncier des terres sur chaque rive du fleuve Oyapock, en Guyane française comme en Amapá, dont la situation bloquée freine l’amélioration des conditions de collecte et des volumes collectés. Enfin, nous questionnons l’impact de la construction du pont sur l’organisation des acteurs de la filière. A palmeira açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), também chamada wassaï ou pinot na Guiana Francesa, é nativa da Amazônia, na América do Sul. Nesta região, ela desempenha uma grande importância na dieta das populações humanas. De fato, a partir das fruta pode-se tirar um suco grosso que é uma parte importante do consumo alimentar de alguns povos amazônicos, especialmente durante o período da frutificação. Nos últimos anos, este suco passou a ser consumido também em áreas urbanas no Brasil, e é exportado em uma ampla gama de produtos dele derivados a nível internacional, devido a suas conhecidas propriedades energéticas e anti-oxidantes . Mesmo tendo e a maioria da produção e do processamento do açaí se desdobrando em Belém (Pará, Brasil), muitas outras cadeias produtivas existem em uma menor escala, porque o néctar de fruta é altamente perecível, o que dificulta seu transporte. Este trabalho está focado particularmente na cadeia produtiva do açaí na região do baixo Oiapoque, na fronteira entre a Guiana Francesa e o estado do Amapá (Brasil). A preocupação central, em termos de etnoecologia, são os impactos da fronteira nas dinâmicas dos conhecimentos locais e das trocas de açaí. Mais de cem entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram realizadas entre os diferentes grupos étnicos do baixo Oiapoque, como um trabalho de mapeamento das áreas de crescimento da palmeira. Observações participantes e um léxico trilingüe especializado também foram feitos .Os resultados mostram uma grande diversidade de conhecimentos, habilidades e usos desta palmeira, entre os nove grupos étnicos morando na região. Com exceção do consumo, que é uma prática comum a todos estes povos, e tende a aumentar, os usos e técnicas específicos de cada grupo estão desaparecendo progressivamente. Nesta seção, explica-se em detalhes conhecimentos e técnicas dedicadas à domesticação da palmeira e à preparação do suco. A fim de entender a distribuição de palmeiras neste território, mapeamento das áreas de crescimento da palmeira na região é determinado, considerando os três principais ecossistemas distinguidos pelos povos indígenas. As áreas de colheita e trajetos seguidos por frutos e suco durante todo o processo de produção e consumo são estabelecidos. A discussão final aborda o problema particular da posse da terra em cada lado do rio Oiapoque. A situação fundiária, saturada, impede a melhoria das condições de coleta e o aumento do volume coletado. Por fim, questiona-se o impacto da ponte sobre a organização dos atores da cadeia produtiva. Açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), also called wassaï or pinot in French Guyana, is native from the Amazon Basin in South America. From its fruits, indigenous people are used to prepare a thick juice, which is a staple food during the period of fruiting of the palm tree. This juice is henceforth fashionable in urban zones in Brazil, and is exported under a wide range of industrial products, thanks to its recognized energy and anti-oxidizing properties. If the major part of the production and the transformation of açai takes place in Belém, in the State of Pará in Brazil, many other production sites exist on a smaller scale, because the fruit as the nectar, highly perishable, cannot be transported. In this paper we focus on the production chain of açai juice in the lower Oyapock region, which is the river border between French Guiana and Amapá, a State of Brazil. In the theoretical framework of ethnoecology, we study the impacts of the border on the dynamics of knowledge and exchanges of açai. More than hundred semi-directive interviews were conducted among different ethnic groups of low Oyapock, as well as works of participating observation, of mapping of the growth areas of açai palm, and a trilingual specialized lexicon was made. The results reveal a great diversity of knowledge, know-how and uses of this palm tree among the nine ethnic groups living in the region. These are mostly specific to each group, and in loss of speed, safe concerning the consumption of nectar, which is common to all the ethnic groups and is increasing. The knowledge and skills dedicated to palm domestication and to the preparation of the nectar are clarified. With the aim of understanding the distribution of the palm tree on this territory, the mapping of the zones of growth of the palm tree in the region is established by taking into account three main ecosystems distinguished by indigenous people, as well as the zones of collection and circuits followed by fruits and juice throughout the process of production and consumption. The final discussion approaches the problem of tenure of lands on each bank of the river Oyapock. The situation is blocked and that hinders the conditions of collection fruits, and slows down the improvement of collected volumes. Finally, we question the impact of the construction of a bridge on the Oyapock river, on the organization of the actors of the network.
- Published
- 2012
23. Dynamique des savoirs et des échanges d’un produit de collecte en territoire transfrontalier Dinâmicas de conhecimentos e trocas de uma fruta de palmeira numa região fronteiriça. O caso do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) na região do baixo Oiapoque Dynamics of knowledge and exchanges of a non timber forest product in border territory. The case of açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in the Lower Oyapock
- Author
-
Laval Pauline
- Subjects
ethnoécologie ,cadeia produtiva ,Oiapoque ,non-timber forest products ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Amapá ,ethnoecology ,filière ,French Guiana ,Guiana Francesa ,Oyapock ,lcsh:G ,Guyane française ,etnoecologia ,Euterpe oleracea Mart ,value chain ,produtos florestais não-madeireiros ,produits forestiers non ligneux - Abstract
Le palmier wassaï (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), aussi appelé açaí au Brésil et pinot en Guyane, est natif du bassin amazonien, en Amérique du Sud. Dans cette région, il est d’une importance alimentaire majeure. En effet, on peut tirer de ses fruits un nectar très riche qui constitue une part importante de la consommation de certains peuples d’Amazonie, notamment pendant la période de fructification du palmier. Ce nectar est désormais à la mode en milieu urbain au Brésil, et s’exporte sous une large gamme de produits dérivés à l’international, grâce à ses vertus énergétiques et anti-oxydantes reconnues. Si la majeure partie de la production et de la transformation de wassaï se déroule à Belém, dans l’Etat du Pará au Brésil, de nombreuses autres filières existent à plus petite échelle, car le fruit comme le nectar, très périssables, supportent mal le transport. Cet article explicite la filière de production du nectar de wassaï du bas Oyapock, région frontalière entre la Guyane française et le Brésil. Nous étudions, du point de vue de l’ethnoécologie, les impacts de la frontière sur la dynamique des savoirs et des échanges du wassaï. Plus de 100 entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés chez les différents groupes ethniques du bas Oyapock, ainsi que des travaux d’observation participante de localisation des zones de croissance du wassaï, et un lexique spécialisé trilingue a été réalisé. Les résultats révèlent une très grande diversité de savoirs, de savoir-faire et d’usages de ce palmier, parmi les 9 groupes ethniques recensés dans la région. Ces usages sont le plus souvent spécifiques à chaque groupe, et en perte de vitesse, sauf la consommation de nectar, qui est commune à tous les groupes ethniques, en augmentation générale. Les savoirs et techniques consacrés à la domestication et à la préparation du nectar sont explicités. Dans le but de comprendre la répartition du palmier sur ce territoire, la cartographie des zones de croissance du palmier dans la région est établie en tenant compte des trois principaux écosystèmes distingués par les autochtones, ainsi que les zones de collecte et les circuits suivis par les fruits et le nectar tout au long du processus de production et de consommation. La discussion finale aborde notamment le problème du statut foncier des terres sur chaque rive du fleuve Oyapock, en Guyane française comme en Amapá, dont la situation bloquée freine l’amélioration des conditions de collecte et des volumes collectés. Enfin, nous questionnons l’impact de la construction du pont sur l’organisation des acteurs de la filière.A palmeira açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), também chamada wassaï ou pinot na Guiana Francesa, é nativa da Amazônia, na América do Sul. Nesta região, ela desempenha uma grande importância na dieta das populações humanas. De fato, a partir das fruta pode-se tirar um suco grosso que é uma parte importante do consumo alimentar de alguns povos amazônicos, especialmente durante o período da frutificação. Nos últimos anos, este suco passou a ser consumido também em áreas urbanas no Brasil, e é exportado em uma ampla gama de produtos dele derivados a nível internacional, devido a suas conhecidas propriedades energéticas e anti-oxidantes . Mesmo tendo e a maioria da produção e do processamento do açaí se desdobrando em Belém (Pará, Brasil), muitas outras cadeias produtivas existem em uma menor escala, porque o néctar de fruta é altamente perecível, o que dificulta seu transporte. Este trabalho está focado particularmente na cadeia produtiva do açaí na região do baixo Oiapoque, na fronteira entre a Guiana Francesa e o estado do Amapá (Brasil). A preocupação central, em termos de etnoecologia, são os impactos da fronteira nas dinâmicas dos conhecimentos locais e das trocas de açaí. Mais de cem entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram realizadas entre os diferentes grupos étnicos do baixo Oiapoque, como um trabalho de mapeamento das áreas de crescimento da palmeira. Observações participantes e um léxico trilingüe especializado também foram feitos .Os resultados mostram uma grande diversidade de conhecimentos, habilidades e usos desta palmeira, entre os nove grupos étnicos morando na região. Com exceção do consumo, que é uma prática comum a todos estes povos, e tende a aumentar, os usos e técnicas específicos de cada grupo estão desaparecendo progressivamente. Nesta seção, explica-se em detalhes conhecimentos e técnicas dedicadas à domesticação da palmeira e à preparação do suco. A fim de entender a distribuição de palmeiras neste território, mapeamento das áreas de crescimento da palmeira na região é determinado, considerando os três principais ecossistemas distinguidos pelos povos indígenas. As áreas de colheita e trajetos seguidos por frutos e suco durante todo o processo de produção e consumo são estabelecidos. A discussão final aborda o problema particular da posse da terra em cada lado do rio Oiapoque. A situação fundiária, saturada, impede a melhoria das condições de coleta e o aumento do volume coletado. Por fim, questiona-se o impacto da ponte sobre a organização dos atores da cadeia produtiva.Açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), also called wassaï or pinot in French Guyana, is native from the Amazon Basin in South America. From its fruits, indigenous people are used to prepare a thick juice, which is a staple food during the period of fruiting of the palm tree. This juice is henceforth fashionable in urban zones in Brazil, and is exported under a wide range of industrial products, thanks to its recognized energy and anti-oxidizing properties. If the major part of the production and the transformation of açai takes place in Belém, in the State of Pará in Brazil, many other production sites exist on a smaller scale, because the fruit as the nectar, highly perishable, cannot be transported. In this paper we focus on the production chain of açai juice in the lower Oyapock region, which is the river border between French Guiana and Amapá, a State of Brazil. In the theoretical framework of ethnoecology, we study the impacts of the border on the dynamics of knowledge and exchanges of açai. More than hundred semi-directive interviews were conducted among different ethnic groups of low Oyapock, as well as works of participating observation, of mapping of the growth areas of açai palm, and a trilingual specialized lexicon was made. The results reveal a great diversity of knowledge, know-how and uses of this palm tree among the nine ethnic groups living in the region. These are mostly specific to each group, and in loss of speed, safe concerning the consumption of nectar, which is common to all the ethnic groups and is increasing. The knowledge and skills dedicated to palm domestication and to the preparation of the nectar are clarified. With the aim of understanding the distribution of the palm tree on this territory, the mapping of the zones of growth of the palm tree in the region is established by taking into account three main ecosystems distinguished by indigenous people, as well as the zones of collection and circuits followed by fruits and juice throughout the process of production and consumption. The final discussion approaches the problem of tenure of lands on each bank of the river Oyapock. The situation is blocked and that hinders the conditions of collection fruits, and slows down the improvement of collected volumes. Finally, we question the impact of the construction of a bridge on the Oyapock river, on the organization of the actors of the network.
- Published
- 2012
24. L’agriculture à Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock : bilan et perspectives
- Author
-
Koné Tchansia
- Subjects
agriculture familiale ,public policy ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,General Medicine ,fronteira ,politique publique ,frontière ,French Guiana ,Oyapock ,política pública ,lcsh:G ,Guyane française ,Political science ,agricultura familiar ,border ,family agriculture ,Guiana francesa ,rio Oiapoque ,Humanities ,Oyapock river - Abstract
À Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock, l’ouverture du pont binational est source de questionnements quant aux répercussions que ce nouvel axe de circulation aura sur l’économie locale. La question foncière faisant partie de ces interrogations, il a été réalisé un état des lieux du fait agricole à Saint-Georges. Au-delà de la photographie quelque peu figée de l’occupation agricole actuelle du sol, nous avons tenté de suivre l’itinéraire qui va du choix de la parcelle à mettre en valeur à la destination de ses produits, en nous attachant particulièrement à la description de l’accès à la terre. Pensé dès son origine comme un outil d’aide à la décision, ce travail a mis en évidence les incohérences et les zones d’ombre de l’accès à la terre, éléments qui pourront être intégrés dans la définition d’un programme de gestion de l’espace agricole. Em Saint-Georges-de-Oyapock, a abertura da ponte binacional é fonte de interrogações quanto às repercussões que este novo eixo de circulação terá sobre a economia local. Para a questão fundiária, como ela faz parte destas interrogações, foi realizado o estado da arte da situação agrícola em Saint-Georges. Por trás da imagem estática da ocupação agrícola atual do solo, procuramos ir além da valorização da parcela e do destino de seus produtos, focalizando-nos particularmente na descrição do acesso à terra. Pensado a partir da sua origem como um instrumento de ajuda à decisão, este trabalho pôs em evidência as incoerências e as zonas de sombra do acesso à terra, elementos que poderão ser integrados na definição de um programa de gestão do espaço agrícola. In Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock, the opening of the binational bridge is source of questionings as for the repercussions that this new axis of circulation will have on local economy. The land question being part of these interrogations, it was carried out an inventory of the agricultural fact in Saint-Georges. Behind the somewhat fixed photography of the current agricultural occupation of the ground, we tried particularly to follow the route which goes from the choice of the piece of land and its development, at the destination of its products, by attaching us to the description of the access to the ground. Thought as of its origin like a tool of decision-making aid, this work highlighted the inconsistencies and the traps of the access to the ground, elements which could be integrated in the definition of a program of management to this agricultural area.
- Published
- 2012
25. Intérêt d'un observatoire régional de la chimiorésistance du paludisme, problème émergent de santé publique dans la région des Guyanes
- Author
-
Esterre P, Volney B, Jb, Meynard, Eric Legrand, and Legrand, Eric
- Subjects
Cayenne ,Endemic Diseases ,hôpital ,International Cooperation ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Drug Resistance ,Information Centers ,Amérique du Sud ,Disease Outbreaks ,Antimalarials ,Approuague ,Guyane française ,Malaria, Vivax ,Animals ,Humans ,tests in vitro ,Registries ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Suriname ,Drug Resistance, Multiple ,Nord Amazonie ,French Guiana ,Oyapock ,France ,Guyana ,Public Health ,Plasmodium vivax ,Maroni ,[SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,chimiorésistance ,Phytotherapy - Abstract
A regular implementation of prophylactic and therapeutic decision trees was organized on a consensus basis in Cayenne, French Guiana in 1990, 1995 and 2002. The updated recommendations were based on the knowledge of the in vitro chemosensitivity profiles of the local isolates, mainly coming from big rivers (Maroni and Oyapock, frontiers with Suriname and Brazil, respectively; and more recently Approuague). Most of the patients infected by Plasmodium falciparum were followed by the medical staff of the main hospitals (Cayenne and Saint-Laurent) and of the peripheral health centers in remote areas. Consequently the epidemiological situation and evolution of chemoresistance have been widely observed on a long-term (since 1994) basis in the Maroni region. Yet, we have only partial information coming from the Oyapock valley, even though an important (most of the time) illegal immigration has been developing since the 90s' leading to a notable modification of the epidemiological status of malaria in this eastern region, including a regular increase of P. vivax infections. Presently very little P. vivax chloroquine (and mefloquine) resistance has been identified but this result could lead to a real public health problem in a near future. As such, the National Reference Center on Plasmodium Chemoresistance in the French West Indies and Guiana (CNRCP-AG in French) is a unique observatory of malaria chemoresistance in the Guyanese shield which works with research laboratories of the Institut Pasteur, Paris. This network strategy offers a very attractive perspective for applications of modern tools, including the validation of chemoresistance molecular markers, for malaria control at both medical and public health levels. Some examples related to chloroquine and artemether resistance are given., L'établissement régulier d'arbres décisionnels prophylactiques et thérapeutiques en matière de paludisme en Guyane a été réalisé au cours de conférences de consensus. Ces recommandations se sont appuyées sur la connaissance de la situation de la chimiosensibilité in vitro des souches locales, provenant des principaux foyers sur les grands fleuves (Maroni et Oyapock, Approuague ces dernières années). La majorité des isolats proviennent de malades fréquentant les hôpitaux de Cayenne et de Saint-Laurent ainsi que des centres de santé du Maroni. L'épidémiologie et l'évolution de la chimiosensibilité des souches de Plasmodium falciparum y étaient bien suivies depuis 1994. Il n'en va pas de même du côté de la frontière brésilienne (vallée de l'Oyapock) où seules des données ponctuelles étaient disponibles jusqu'à il y a peu, alors même qu'une forte immigration se développe amenant un changement du faciès épidémiologique du paludisme dans l'est de la Guyane, avec un accroissement notable des cas à P. vivax.Le centre national de référence de la chimiorésistance du paludisme aux Antilles-Guyane (CNRCP) constitue un observatoire unique de la chimiorésistance du paludisme dans la région du plateau des Guyanes et du nord de l'Amazonie brésilienne, utilisant toutes les ressources modernes (notamment en matière de marqueurs moléculaires de chimiorésistance) liées à l'interface avec les équipes de recherche de l'Institut Pasteur à Paris. Plusieurs applications récentes à des cas de diminution de sensibilité à la chloroquine, à l'artémether et à l'atovaquone sont présentées.
- Published
- 2009
26. Ici commence le Brésil ! Géohistoire d’une frontière compliquée
- Author
-
Federico Ferretti
- Subjects
Guiana ,Oyapock ,Franco-Brazilian border ,Henri Coudreau ,Élisée Reclus ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
A new work by the Brazilian historian Carlo Romani gives an important contribution to the geo-historical construction of the border between Brazil and French Guiana, including its political importance and its impact on local society. We analyze this work in the light of the role played by French Geographers, namely Henri Coudreau, Élisée Reclus and Paul Vidal de la Blache, who participated, with very heterogeneous positions, in the 1897-1900 border dispute. Finally, we stress the effectiveness of these debates for the present problems of regional integration in the concerned territories.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Oyapock coopération santé : une collaboration transfrontalière pour une meilleure prise en charge du VIH dans le bassin de l’Oyapock
- Author
-
Collectif
- Subjects
Brazil ,Oyapock ,cooperation ,frontier ,France ,health ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation - Abstract
This article presents an example of health cooperation between France and Brazil through a project called « Oyapock Coopération Santé » meaning health cooperation along the Oyapock river. It aims to provide patients living with HIV (PlHIV) with a better access to medical care in the frontier area of the Oyapock river. PlHIV living in Oiapoque, the Brazilian border city, face constraints of mobility for accessing to a specialized care in their own state. They also have a positive representation of the French Healthcare system. For these reasons, they prefer to cross the border to seek care in French Guiana. However, this follow-up is not optimal as patients need to pay the trip, deal with the fact they are staying illegally in the French territory and other administrative difficulties. The purpose of the projet was the creation of a dedicated medical care for PlHIV in Oiapoque so they can have access to a quality follow-up in their territory of residence. Many French and Brazilian stakeholders from different socio-professional backgrounds worked together on this project. They had to learn to work together and to collaborate in a complex intercultural environment facing cultural and linguistic barriers.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. La France et le Brésil de l’Oyapock, quels enjeux bilatéraux entre développement et durabilité ?
- Author
-
Raimundo Nonato Junior
- Subjects
Brazil ,sustainable development ,Oyapock ,France ,bilateral studies. ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation - Abstract
This article is based on a geographical comparison of French and Brazilian territorial policies on the frontier between French Guiana and the Brazilian state of Amapá. In particular, our paper focuses on the conception of developments and sustainability around the Oyapock boarder. These peripheral regions are severely dependent from their respective central states. Local economic exchange however, promises to offer a strategy of reconciliation between Europe and Brazil. In that context, concepts of “development” and “sustainability” are important in different scales. Then, a comparison between local and national scales became a way to ask about the differences and dialogues in Oyapock border region.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Dynamique des savoirs et des échanges d’un produit de collecte en territoire transfrontalier
- Author
-
Laval Pauline
- Subjects
French Guiana ,Euterpe oleracea Mart. ,Oyapock ,Amapá ,ethnoecology ,value chain ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation - Abstract
Açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), also called wassaï or pinot in French Guyana, is native from the Amazon Basin in South America. From its fruits, indigenous people are used to prepare a thick juice, which is a staple food during the period of fruiting of the palm tree. This juice is henceforth fashionable in urban zones in Brazil, and is exported under a wide range of industrial products, thanks to its recognized energy and anti-oxidizing properties. If the major part of the production and the transformation of açai takes place in Belém, in the State of Pará in Brazil, many other production sites exist on a smaller scale, because the fruit as the nectar, highly perishable, cannot be transported. In this paper we focus on the production chain of açai juice in the lower Oyapock region, which is the river border between French Guiana and Amapá, a State of Brazil. In the theoretical framework of ethnoecology, we study the impacts of the border on the dynamics of knowledge and exchanges of açai. More than hundred semi-directive interviews were conducted among different ethnic groups of low Oyapock, as well as works of participating observation, of mapping of the growth areas of açai palm, and a trilingual specialized lexicon was made. The results reveal a great diversity of knowledge, know-how and uses of this palm tree among the nine ethnic groups living in the region. These are mostly specific to each group, and in loss of speed, safe concerning the consumption of nectar, which is common to all the ethnic groups and is increasing. The knowledge and skills dedicated to palm domestication and to the preparation of the nectar are clarified. With the aim of understanding the distribution of the palm tree on this territory, the mapping of the zones of growth of the palm tree in the region is established by taking into account three main ecosystems distinguished by indigenous people, as well as the zones of collection and circuits followed by fruits and juice throughout the process of production and consumption. The final discussion approaches the problem of tenure of lands on each bank of the river Oyapock. The situation is blocked and that hinders the conditions of collection fruits, and slows down the improvement of collected volumes. Finally, we question the impact of the construction of a bridge on the Oyapock river, on the organization of the actors of the network.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Clevelândia, Oiapoque: cartografias e heterotopias na década de 1920
- Author
-
Carlo Romani
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Archeology ,lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,Ecology ,Oiapoque ,media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,Amapá ,Art ,Penal colony ,Colônia agrícola ,Language and Linguistics ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Oyapock ,Colônia penal ,Anthropology ,Agro colony ,Clevelândia ,Humanities ,media_common - Abstract
Apesar da área de fronteira do rio Oiapoque, no Amapá, ter sido integrada à soberania brasileira no ano de 1900, a efetiva colonização brasileira daquela área limítrofe somente ocorreu na década de 1920. A estratégia do governo federal foi implantar uma colônia agrícola projetada: Clevelândia. Essa colônia agrícola transformou-se em uma colônia penal entre 1924 e 1927, o que fez com que seu experimento fracassasse. O povoamento dirigiu-se, então, à antiga vila vizinha de Martinica, uma comunidade de negros e ribeirinhos, chamada depois de Oiapoque. Este artigo apresenta as relações humanas e sociais estabelecidas nesses lugares em três tempos distintos: o da colônia agrícola, o da colônia penal e o da nova comunidade. As fontes documentais existentes foram usadas para refazer mapas datados desses lugares. A partir dessa 'cartografia', pretende-se compreender como se criaram relações entre os indivíduos que, por razões diversas, transitaram nesse espaço naquele período. Apesar de haver uma hierarquização oficial do espaço, a prática vivida pelos indivíduos o reinventou, criando relações sociais não pensadas pelos modos dominantes do poder, as 'heterotopias'. Despite the Oyapock River border had been attached to Brazilian territory in 1900, the official colonization occurred only in the 1920's. The Brazilian Federal Government strategy was to build an agro-colony called Clevelândia. Between 1924 and 1927, it was transformed into a penal colony, causing the failure of the agro-colony experience. The populating process moved to nearly Martinique village, an oldest black and riverine community, after renamed to Oyapock. This article presents human and social relations established at those places in three different moments: the agro-colony, the penal-colony and the new Martinique community. The historical sources were used to map these places. The objective is to understand, with the aid of 'cartography', which kind of relationship among this diverse population was established and how it was happened. Despite the governmental hierarchizing of space, the individual real life reinvented it creating social relations not planned by the power of State: the 'heterotopias'.
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