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Upper canines do not usually appear in the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)) and their occasional appearance represents the expression of a tooth, as a rudimentary canine, which has been suppressed in the evolution of the group. These dental anomalies could be potentially useful for tracing ancestral genes in local ecotypes and populations. We studied the skulls of 517 adult roe deer males from seven Iberian Peninsula hunting populations looking for canine occurrence and the variations depending on region and ecomorphological variety. A total of 18 specimens had canines (3.48%), but a relationship was detected between the geographic origin and the canine presence. We found upper canines in three populations that were located in the Tagus River Basin, with 6.08%, 10.91%, and 20% prevalences, respectively. In the population with the highest prevalence, we also found a case of duplicated canines on either side of the upper jaw. Here, the high prevalence of upper canines against the evolutionary trend may be a sign of atavistic populations, possibly adapted to a less fibrous diet, in a geographical area connected through the Tagus River Basin, and probably regarding one of the glacial refuges of the Iberian Peninsula. Key words: Mediterranean roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, dental formula variations, tooth numbering, upper canines, Spain Les canines supérieures n'apparaissent généralement pas chez le chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)), et leur apparition occasionnelle représente l'expression d'une dent, une canine rudimentaire, effacée au fil de l'évolution du groupe. Ces anomalies dentaires pourraient étre utiles pour cerner des genes ancestraux au sein de populations et d'écotypes locaux. Nous avons étudié les cranes de 517 chevreuils males adultes de sept populations visées par la chasse de la péninsule Ibérique pour recenser la présence de canines et ses variations selon la région et la variété écomorphologique. Un total de 18 spécimens présentaient des canines (3,48 %), mais une relation a été relevée entre l'origine géographique et la présence de canines. Nous avons trouvé des canines supérieures dans trois populations, soit celles situées dans le bassin versant du fleuve Tage, á des prevalences de 6,08 %, 10,91 % et 20 %, respectivement. Dans la population á la plus forte prévalence, nous avons également relevé un cas de canines doubles de chaque cóté de la machoire supérieure. Cette forte prévalence de canines supérieures, contraire á la tendance évolutive, pourrait indiquer des populations ataviques, possiblement adaptées á un régime alimentaire plus faible en fibres, dans une région géographique reliée par le bassin du Tage et concernant probablement un des refuges glaciaires de la péninsule Ibérique. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés: chevreuil, Capreolus capreolus, variations du systeme dentaire, numérotation des dents, canines supérieures, Espagne, Introduction Quantitative changes in dentition are used in systematic research where special consideration has been given to the upper canine teeth. The presence or absence of upper canines is widely [...]

A numerical approach to the vector signal detection problem is proposed by using an approximate series representation for vector complex-valued random processes. This technique allows us to provide computationally feasible sub-optimum receivers for the problem of detecting an improper or proper complex signal in additive white noise. Its implementation requires the knowledge of the correlation matrix of the vector process involved. The performance of the technique devised is assessed by some communication examples. Index Terms--Multichannel detection, Rayleigh-Ritz method, series expansion, vector complex random signal.

We define the approximate simultaneous orthogonal (ASO) expansions of two second-order stochastic processes from the Rayleigh-Ritz eigenfunctions and prove its convergence. We consider an example that illustrates the implementation of the proposed method and that allows us to assess the accuracy of the approximations achieved with such finite expansions. Finally, we give two specific applications: in the problem of estimating a Gaussian signal in noise and in the Gaussian signal detection problem. Index Terms--Approximate simultaneous orthogonal (ASO) expansions, mean-square estimation, signal detection.

A new approach to the signal detection problem in continuous time is presented on the basis of approximate Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) expansions. This methodology gives approximate solutions to the problem of detecting either deterministic or Gaussian signals in Gaussian noise. Furthermore, for this last problem an approximate estimator--correlator representation is provided which approaches the optimum detection statistic. Index Terms--Approximate Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) expansions, approximate minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimator, deterministic and stochastic signal detection.

The problem of estimating the intensity process of a doubly stochastic Poisson process is analyzed. Using the knowledge of the first and second-order moments of the intensity process, a recursive linear minimum mean-square error estimate is designed. Moreover, an efficient procedure for the computation of its associated error covariance is shown. The proposed solution becomes an alternative approach to the Kalman filter which is applicable under the only structural assumption that the intensity process to be estimated has a finite-dimensional covariance function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]