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Neurotrophins stimulate the regeneration of neural tissue after lesions. It is also known that the sources of neurogenesis and cerebral function recovery are predominantly located in subcortical brain structures. The effects of ischemia on the expression of genes that encode neurotrophins (Bdnf, Ngf, Nt-3) and their receptors (TrkB, TrkA, TrkC, p75) in brain structures outside the lesion site were studied 3, 24, and 72 h after irreversible unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. Changes in the mRNA expression of these genes were assessed by relative quantification using real-time RT-PCR. Sham surgery was found to stimulate the expression of genes that encode neurotrophins (Bdnf, Ngf) and their receptor (p75). It has been shown that ischemia influenced the expression of neurotrophins (Bdnf, Ngf, Nt-3) and their receptors (TrkB, TrkA, TrkC, p75) in brain structures outside the lesion focus, including the contralateral hemisphere. The downregulation of Bdnf and TrkB transcripts and Ngf and TrkA upregulation in the contralateral cortex on the first day of ischemia obviously reflected stress response. On day 3, Nt-3 transcription increased in all investigated structures outside the lesion focus. In the contralateral hemisphere, relative levels of TrkA and TrkC mRNA expression increased, while p75 expression decreased. Presumably, the observed changes in gene transcription serve to facilitate neuroplasticity and neural tissue regeneration.