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Obesity and related diseases are becoming more prevalent. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) might be a useful coadjutant treatment helping to decrease fat mass. However, the precise impact of CLA is unclear because the decreased body fat mass is followed by an increase in insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate some of the consequences of a high dose of CLA in rats fed a normal low fat or a high fat diet for 30 days. Male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups (each n = 10): Control group receiving 7 % fat (soybean oil); CLA group receiving 4 % soybean oil and 3 % CLA mixture; animal fat (AF) group, receiving 45 % fat (lard); and animal fat plus CLA (AF + CLA) group, receiving 42 % lard and 3 % CLA mixture. The CLA mixture contained 39.32 mole % c9, t11-CLA and 40.50 mole % t10, c12-CLA. After 30 days, both CLA groups (CLA and AF + CLA groups) developed insulin resistance, with an increase in glucose in the fasting state and in an insulin tolerance test. The CLA group had increased liver weight and percentage of saturated fatty acids in liver and adipose tissue. Feeding the high fat diet resulted in increased hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and this was exacerbated by dietary CLA. It is concluded that a high dose of CLA mixture increases insulin resistance and exacerbates hepatic steatosis when combined with a high fat diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to investigate and determine the associations between oxidative stress (OS), dyslipidemia and inflammation in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) using observational cross-sectional study. Twenty patients in CAPD and 48 in HD for at least 8 weeks and aged ≥18 years were included in the study. Individuals with malignant or acute inflammatory disease were excluded. A control group of 17 healthy individuals was also recruited. The biochemical parameter evaluations were analyzed using colorimetric kits for albumin, serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and lipid fractions. To determine the inflammatory status, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzed by automated chemiluminescence kits. Plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were determined by spectrophotometry. Mean AOPP levels were significantly higher for the HD group compared to the control, and there was no difference in AOPP concentrations between the control and CAPD groups. Dialysis patients had levels of inflammatory parameters higher than controls, and showed a high prevalence of patients with dyslipidemia, especially in CAPD. In the HD group, AOPP was positively correlated with triglycerides (TG) and inversely associated with HDL. Also the HD group was observed to have negative associations between TNF-α and HDL, LDL and TC. In the CAPD group, CRP was inversely correlated with HDL. Hemodialysis patients had increased protein OS and associations of inflammation and dyslipidemia were also observed in these dialysis groups. A more detailed characterization of the relations between oxidative stress and other more traditional risk factors has therapeutic importance, since cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among dialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes can cause serious health complications, which can affect every organ of the body, including the skin. The molecular etiology has not yet been clarified for all diabetic skin conditions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the changes of diabetes in skin compared to non-diabetic skin in rats. Fifteen days after establishing the diabetic status, skin samples from the dorsum-cervical region were harvested for subsequent analysis of alterations caused by diabetes. Our results demonstrate that diabetes stimulated higher inflammation and oxidative stress in skin, but antioxidant defense levels were lower compared to the non-diabetic group (p < 0.05). This could have been related to a decreased number of blood vessels and low expression of VEGF, eNOS and TGF-β1. Finally, insulin signaling proteins IRS, Akt, Shc and ERK showed a low expression in the diabetic group. Thus, our study shows that the pathology of diabetes induced immunohistopathological and biochemical skin changes compared to non-diabetic skin in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: chronic low-grade inflammation, or inflammaging, emerges as a crucial element in the aging process and is associated with cardiovascular and neurological diseases, sarcopenia, and malnutrition. Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids present a potential therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases, mitigating oxidative stress, and improving muscle mass, attributes that are particularly relevant in the context of aging. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementation with omega-3 fish oil in improving the immune response and oxidative stress in knockout mice for interleukin IL-10 (IL-10 -/- )., Material and Methods: female C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and interleukin IL-10 knockout (IL-10 -/- ) mice were fed during 90 days with a standard diet (control groups), or they were fed/supplemented with 10% of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet (omega-3 groups). Muscle, liver, intestinal, and mesenteric lymph node tissue were collected for analysis., Results: the IL-10 -/- +O3 group showed greater weight gain compared to the WT+O3 ( p = 0.001) group. The IL-10 -/- +O3 group exhibited a higher frequency of regulatory T cells than the IL-10 -/- group ( p = 0.001). It was found that animals in the IL-10 -/- +O3 group had lower levels of steatosis when compared to the IL-10 -/- group ( p = 0.017). There was even greater vitamin E activity in the WT group compared to the IL-10 -/- +O3 group ( p = 0.001) and WT+O3 compared to IL-10 -/- +O3 ( p = 0.002), and when analyzing the marker of oxidative stress, MDA, an increase in lipid peroxidation was found in the IL-10 -/- +O3 group when compared to the IL-10 -/- group ( p = 0.03). Muscle tissue histology showed decreased muscle fibers in the IL-10 -/- +O3, IL-10 -/- , and WT+O3 groups., Conclusion: the findings show a decrease in inflammation, an increase in oxidative stress markers, and a decrease in antioxidant markers in the IL-10 -/- +O3 group, suggesting that supplementation with omega-3 fish oil might be a potential intervention for inflammaging that characterizes the aging process and age-related diseases.