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1. Transverse Emittance Reduction in Muon Beams by Ionization Cooling

Author

The MICE Collaboration, Bogomilov, M., Tsenov, R., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Song, Y. P., Tang, J. Y., Li, Z. H., Bertoni, R., Bonesini, M., Chignoli, F., Mazza, R., de Bari, A., Orestano, D., Tortora, L., Kuno, Y., Sakamoto, H., Sato, A., Ishimoto, S., Chung, M., Sung, C. K., Filthaut, F., Fedorov, M., Jokovic, D., Maletic, D., Savic, M., Jovancevic, N., Nikolov, J., Vretenar, M., Ramberger, S., Asfandiyarov, R., Blondel, A., Drielsma, F., Karadzhov, Y., Boyd, S., Greis, J. R., Lord, T., Pidcott, C., Taylor, I., Charnley, G., Collomb, N., Dumbell, K., Gallagher, A., Grant, A., Griffiths, S., Hartnett, T., Martlew, B., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Oates, A., Owens, P., Stokes, G., Warburton, P., White, C., Adams, D., Bayliss, V., Boehm, J., Bradshaw, T. W., Brown, C., Courthold, M., Govans, J., Hayler, T., Hills, M., Lagrange, J. B., Macwaters, C., Nichols, A., Preece, R., Ricciardi, S., Rogers, C., Stanley, T., Tarrant, J., Tucker, M., Watson, S., Wilson, A., Bayes, R., Nugent, J. C., Soler, F. J. P., Chatzitheodoridis, G. T., Dick, A. J., Ronald, K., Whyte, C. G., Young, A. R., Gamet, R., Cooke, P., Blackmore, V. J., Colling, D., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Franchini, P., Hunt, C., Jurj, P. B., Kurup, A., Long, K., Martyniak, J., Middleton, S., Pasternak, J., Uchida, M. A., Cobb, J. H., Booth, C. N., Hodgson, P., Langlands, J., Overton, E., Pec, V., Smith, P. J., Wilbur, S., Ellis, M., Gardener, R. B. S., Kyberd, P., Nebrensky, J. J., DeMello, A., Gourlay, S., Lambert, A., Li, D., Luo, T., Prestemon, S., Virostek, S., Palmer, M., Witte, H., Adey, D., Bross, A. D., Bowring, D., Liu, A., Neuffer, D., Popovic, M., Rubinov, P., Freemire, B., Hanlet, P., Kaplan, D. M., Mohayai, T. A., Rajaram, D., Snopok, P., Torun, Y., Cremaldi, L. M., Sanders, D. A., Coney, L. R., Hanson, G. G., and Heidt, C.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Accelerated muon beams have been considered for next-generation studies of high-energy lepton-antilepton collisions and neutrino oscillations. However, high-brightness muon beams have not yet been produced. The main challenge for muon acceleration and storage stems from the large phase-space volume occupied by the beam, derived from the muon production mechanism through the decay of pions from proton collisions. Ionization cooling is the technique proposed to decrease the muon beam phase-space volume. Here we demonstrate a clear signal of ionization cooling through the observation of transverse emittance reduction in beams that traverse lithium hydride or liquid hydrogen absorbers in the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE). The measurement is well reproduced by the simulation of the experiment and the theoretical model. The results shown here represent a substantial advance towards the realization of muon-based facilities that could operate at the energy and intensity frontiers., Comment: 23 pages and 5 figures

Published
2023

2. Multiple Coulomb Scattering of muons in Lithium Hydride

Author

Bogomilov, M., Tsenov, R., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Song, Y. P., Tang, J. Y., Li, Z. H., Bertoni, R., Bonesini, M., Chignoli, F., Mazza, R., Palladino, V., de Bari, A., Orestano, D., Tortora, L., Kuno, Y., Sakamoto, H., Sato, A., Ishimoto, S., Chung, M., Sung, C. K., Filthaut, F., Fedorov, M., Jokovic, D., Maletic, D., Savic, M., Jovancevic, N., Nikolov, J., Vretenar, M., Ramberger, S., Asfandiyarov, R., Blondel, A., Drielsma, F., Karadzhov, Y., Charnley, G., Collomb, N., Dumbell, K., Gallagher, A., Grant, A., Griffiths, S., Hartnett, T., Martlew, B., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Oates, A., Owens, P., Stokes, G., Warburton, P., White, C., Adams, D., Bayliss, V., Boehm, J., Bradshaw, T. W., Brown, C., Courthold, M., Govans, J., Hills, M., Lagrange, J. -B., Macwaters, C., Nichols, A., Preece, R., Ricciardi, S., Rogers, C., Stanley, T., Tarrant, J., Tucker, M., Watson, S., Wilson, A., Bayes, R., Nugent, J. C., Soler, F. J. P., Gamet, R., Cooke, P., Blackmore, V. J., Colling, D., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Franchini, P., Hunt, C., Jurj, P. B., Kurup, A., Long, K., Martyniak, J., Middleton, S., Pasternak, J., Uchida, M. A., Cobb, J. H., Booth, C. N., Hodgson, P., Langlands, J., Overton, E., Pec, V., Smith, P. J., Wilbur, S., Chatzitheodoridis, G. T., Dick, A. J., Ronald, K., Whyte, C. G., Young, A. R., Boyd, S., Greis, J. R., Lord, T., Pidcott, C., Taylor, I., Ellis, M., Gardener, R. B. S., Kyberd, P., Nebrensky, J. J., Palmer, M., Witte, H., Adey, D., Bross, A. D., Bowring, D., Hanlet, P., Liu, A., Neuffer, D., Popovic, M., Rubinov, P., DeMello, A., Gourlay, S., Lambert, A., Li, D., Luo, T., Prestemon, S., Virostek, S., Freemire, B., Kaplan, D. M., Mohayai, T. A., Rajaram, D., Snopok, P., Torun, Y., Cremaldi, L. M., Sanders, D. A., Summers, D. J., Coney, L. R., Hanson, G. G., and Heidt, C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Multiple Coulomb Scattering (MCS) is a well known phenomenon occurring when charged particles traverse materials. Measurements of muons traversing low $Z$ materials made in the MuScat experiment showed that theoretical models and simulation codes, such as GEANT4 (v7.0), over-estimated the scattering. The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) measured the cooling of a muon beam traversing a liquid hydrogen or lithium hydride (LiH) energy absorber as part of a programme to develop muon accelerator facilities, such as a Neutrino Factory or a Muon Collider. The energy loss and MCS that occur in the absorber material are competing effects that alter the performance of the cooling channel. Therefore measurements of MCS are required in order to validate the simulations used to predict the cooling performance in future accelerator facilities. We report measurements made in the MICE apparatus of MCS using a LiH absorber and muons within the momentum range 160 to 245 MeV/c. The measured RMS scattering width is about 9% smaller than that predicted by the approximate formula proposed by the Particle Data Group. Data at 172, 200 and 240 MeV/c are compared to the GEANT4 (v9.6) default scattering model. These measurements show agreement with this more recent GEANT4 (v9.6) version over the range of incident muon momenta., Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, journal

Published
2022
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4. Performance of the MICE diagnostic system

Author

The MICE collaboration, Bogomilov, M., Tsenov, R., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Song, Y. P., Tang, J. Y., Li, Z. H., Bertoni, R., Bonesini, M., Chignoli, F., Mazza, R., Palladino, V., de Bari, A., Orestano, D., Tortora, L., Kuno, Y., Sakamoto, H., Sato, A., Ishimoto, S., Chung, M., Sung, C. K., Filthaut, F., Fedorov, M., Jokovic, D., Maletic, D., Savic, M., Jovancevic, N., Nikolov, J., Vretenar, M., Ramberger, S., Asfandiyarov, R., Blondel, A., Drielsma, F., Karadzhov, Y., Charnley, G., Collomb, N., Dumbell, K., Gallagher, A., Grant, A., Griffiths, S., Hartnett, T., Martlew, B., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Oates, A., Owens, P., Stokes, G., Warburton, P., White, C., Adams, D., Bayliss, V., Boehm, J., Bradshaw, T. W., Brown, C., Courthold, M., Govans, J., Hills, M., Lagrange, J. -B., Macwaters, C., Nichols, A., Preece, R., Ricciardi, S., Rogers, C., Stanley, T., Tarrant, J., Tucker, M., Watson, S., Wilson, A., Bayes, R., Nugent, J. C., Soler, F. J. P., Gamet, R., Cooke, P., Blackmore, V. J., Colling, D., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Franchini, P., Hunt, C., Jurj, P. B., Kurup, A., Long, K., Martyniak, J., Middleton, S., Pasternak, J., Uchida, M. A., Cobb, J. H., Booth, C. N., Hodgson, P., Langlands, J., Overton, E., Pec, V., Smith, P. J., Wilbur, S., Chatzitheodoridis, G. T., Dick, A. J., Ronald, K., Whyte, C. G., Young, A. R., Boyd, S., Greis, J. R., Lord, T., Pidcott, C., Taylor, I., Ellis, M., Gardener, R. B. S., Kyberd, P., Nebrensky, J. J., Palmer, M., Witte, H., Adey, D., Bross, A. D., Bowring, D., Hanlet, P., Liu, A., Neuffer, D., Popovic, M., Rubinov, P., DeMello, A., Gourlay, S., Lambert, A., Li, D., Luo, T., Prestemon, S., Virostek, S., Freemire, B., Kaplan, D. M., Mohayai, T. A., Rajaram, D., Snopok, P., Torun, Y., Cremaldi, L. M., Sanders, D. A., Summers, D. J., Coney, L. R., Hanson, G. G., and Heidt, C.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Muon beams of low emittance provide the basis for the intense, well-characterised neutrino beams of a neutrino factory and for multi-TeV lepton-antilepton collisions at a muon collider. The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) has demonstrated the principle of ionization cooling, the technique by which it is proposed to reduce the phase-space volume occupied by the muon beam at such facilities. This paper documents the performance of the detectors used in MICE to measure the muon-beam parameters, and the physical properties of the liquid hydrogen energy absorber during running., Comment: 27 pages, 18 figures

Published
2021
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5. First demonstration of ionization cooling by the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

Author

Bogomilov, M., Tsenov, R., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Song, Y. P., Tang, J. Y., Li, Z. H., Bertoni, R., Bonesini, M., Chignoli, F., Mazza, R., Palladino, V., de Bari, A., Orestano, D., Tortora, L., Kuno, Y., Sakamoto, H., Sato, A., Ishimoto, S., Chung, M., Sung, C. K., Filthaut, F., Jokovic, D., Maletic, D., Savic, M., Jovancevic, N., Nikolov, J., Vretenar, M., Ramberger, S., Asfandiyarov, R., Blondel, A., Drielsma, F., Karadzhov, Y., Charnley, G., Collomb, N., Dumbell, K., Gallagher, A., Grant, A., Griffiths, S., Hartnett, T., Martlew, B., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Oates, A., Owens, P., Stokes, G., Warburton, P., White, C., Adams, D., Bayliss, V., Boehm, J., Bradshaw, T. W., Brown, C., Courthold, M., Govans, J., Hills, M., Lagrange, J. -B., Macwaters, C., Nichols, A., Preece, R., Ricciardi, S., Rogers, C., Stanley, T., Tarrant, J., Tucker, M., Watson, S., Wilson, A., Bayes, R., Nugent, J. C., Soler, F. J. P., Gamet, R., Cooke, P., Blackmore, V. J., Colling, D., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Franchini, P., Hunt, C., Jurj, P. B., Kurup, A., Long, K., Martyniak, J., Middleton, S., Pasternak, J., Uchida, M. A., Cobb, J. H., Booth, C. N., Hodgson, P., Langlands, J., Overton, E., Pec, V., Smith, P. J., Wilbur, S., Chatzitheodoridis, G. T., Dick, A. J., Ronald, K., Whyte, C. G., Young, A. R., Boyd, S., Greis, J. R., Lord, T., Pidcott, C., Taylor, I., Ellis, M., Gardener, R. B. S., Kyberd, P., Nebrensky, J. J., Palmer, M., Witte, H., Adey, D., Bross, A. D., Bowring, D., Hanlet, P., Liu, A., Neuffer, D., Popovic, M., Rubinov, P., DeMello, A., Gourlay, S., Lambert, A., Li, D., Luo, T., Prestemon, S., Virostek, S., Freemire, B., Kaplan, D. M., Mohayai, T. A., Snopok, P., Torun, Y., Cremaldi, L. M., Sanders, D. A., Summers, D. J., Coney, L. R., Hanson, G. G., and Heidt, C.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

High-brightness muon beams of energy comparable to those produced by state-of-the-art electron, proton and ion accelerators have yet to be realised. Such beams have the potential to carry the search for new phenomena in lepton-antilepton collisions to extremely high energy and also to provide uniquely well-characterised neutrino beams. A muon beam may be created through the decay of pions produced in the interaction of a proton beam with a target. To produce a high-brightness beam from such a source requires that the phase space volume occupied by the muons be reduced (cooled). Ionization cooling is the novel technique by which it is proposed to cool the beam. The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment collaboration has constructed a section of an ionization cooling cell and used it to provide the first demonstration of ionization cooling. We present these ground-breaking measurements., Comment: 19 pages and 6 figures

Published
2019

6. Physical activity trends and metabolic health outcomes in people living with HIV in the US, 2008–2015

Author

Willig, Amanda L, Webel, Allison R, Westfall, Andrew O, Levitan, Emily B, Crane, Heidi M, Buford, Thomas W, Burkholder, Greer A, Willig, James H, Blashill, Aaron J, Moore, Richard D, Mathews, W Christopher, Zinski, Anne, Muhammad, Josh, Geng, Elvin H, Napravnik, Sonia, Eron, Joseph J, Rodriguez, Benigno, Bamman, Marcas M, and Overton, E Turner

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Nutrition, Obesity, Cardiovascular, Prevention, Heart Disease, Diabetes, HIV/AIDS, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Stroke, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Anti-HIV Agents, Biomarkers, Cardiovascular Diseases, Energy Metabolism, Exercise, Female, HIV Infections, HIV Long-Term Survivors, Health Status, Humans, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Protective Factors, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Risk Reduction Behavior, Sedentary Behavior, Time Factors, United States, Viral Load, Cardiovascular disease, Multimorbidity, Health outcomes, Health disparities, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

Despite its potential to improve metabolic health outcomes, longitudinal physical activity (PA) patterns and their association with cardiometabolic disease among people living with HIV (PLWH) have not been well characterized. We investigated this relationship among PLWH in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems with at least one PA self-report between 2008 and 2015. The 4-item Lipid Research Clinics PA instrument was used to categorize habitual PA levels as: Very Low, Low, Moderate, or High. We analyzed demographic differences in PA patterns. Multivariable generalized estimating equation regression models were fit to assess longitudinal associations of PA with blood pressure, lipid, and glucose levels. Logistic regression modeling was used to assess the odds of being diagnosed with obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, or multimorbidity. A total of 40,462 unique PA assessments were provided by 11,719 participants. Only 13% of PLWH reported High PA, while 68% reported Very Low/Low PA at baseline and did not increase PA levels during the study period. Compared to those reporting High PA, participants with Very Low PA had almost 2-fold increased risk for CVD. Very Low PA was also associated with several risk factors associated with CVD, most notably elevated triglycerides (odds ratio 25.4), obesity (odds ratio 1.9), hypertension (odds ratio 1.4), and diabetes (odds ratio 2.3; all p

Published
2020

7. Demonstration of cooling by the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

Author

Bogomilov, M, Tsenov, R, Vankova-Kirilova, G, Song, YP, Tang, JY, Li, ZH, Bertoni, R, Bonesini, M, Chignoli, F, Mazza, R, Palladino, V, de Bari, A, Orestano, D, Tortora, L, Kuno, Y, Sakamoto, H, Sato, A, Ishimoto, S, Chung, M, Sung, CK, Filthaut, F, Jokovic, D, Maletic, D, Savic, M, Jovancevic, N, Nikolov, J, Vretenar, M, Ramberger, S, Asfandiyarov, R, Blondel, A, Drielsma, F, Karadzhov, Y, Boyd, S, Greis, JR, Lord, T, Pidcott, C, Taylor, I, Charnley, G, Collomb, N, Dumbell, K, Gallagher, A, Grant, A, Griffiths, S, Hartnett, T, Martlew, B, Moss, A, Muir, A, Mullacrane, I, Oates, A, Owens, P, Stokes, G, Warburton, P, White, C, Adams, D, Bayliss, V, Boehm, J, Bradshaw, TW, Brown, C, Courthold, M, Govans, J, Hills, M, Lagrange, J-B, Macwaters, C, Nichols, A, Preece, R, Ricciardi, S, Rogers, C, Stanley, T, Tarrant, J, Tucker, M, Watson, S, Wilson, A, Bayes, R, Nugent, JC, Soler, FJP, Chatzitheodoridis, GT, Dick, AJ, Ronald, K, Whyte, CG, Young, AR, Gamet, R, Cooke, P, Blackmore, VJ, Colling, D, Dobbs, A, Dornan, P, Franchini, P, Hunt, C, Jurj, PB, Kurup, A, Long, K, Martyniak, J, Middleton, S, Pasternak, J, Uchida, MA, Cobb, JH, Booth, CN, Hodgson, P, Langlands, J, and Overton, E

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, MICE collaboration, ATAP-2020, ATAP-GENERAL, ATAP-BACI, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The use of accelerated beams of electrons, protons or ions has furthered the development of nearly every scientific discipline. However, high-energy muon beams of equivalent quality have not yet been delivered. Muon beams can be created through the decay of pions produced by the interaction of a proton beam with a target. Such 'tertiary' beams have much lower brightness than those created by accelerating electrons, protons or ions. High-brightness muon beams comparable to those produced by state-of-the-art electron, proton and ion accelerators could facilitate the study of lepton-antilepton collisions at extremely high energies and provide well characterized neutrino beams1-6. Such muon beams could be realized using ionization cooling, which has been proposed to increase muon-beam brightness7,8. Here we report the realization of ionization cooling, which was confirmed by the observation of an increased number of low-amplitude muons after passage of the muon beam through an absorber, as well as an increase in the corresponding phase-space density. The simulated performance of the ionization cooling system is consistent with the measured data, validating designs of the ionization cooling channel in which the cooling process is repeated to produce a substantial cooling effect9-11. The results presented here are an important step towards achieving the muon-beam quality required to search for phenomena at energy scales beyond the reach of the Large Hadron Collider at a facility of equivalent or reduced footprint6.

Published
2020

8. MAUS: The MICE Analysis User Software

Author

Asfandiyarov, R., Bayes, R., Blackmore, V., Bogomilov, M., Colling, D., Dobbs, A. J., Drielsma, F., Drews, M., Ellis, M., Fedorov, M., Franchini, P., Gardener, R., Greis, J. R., Hanlet, P. M., Heidt, C., Hunt, C., Kafka, G., Karadzhov, Y., Kurup, A., Kyberd, P., Littlefield, M., Liu, A., Long, K., Maletic, D., Martyniak, J., Middleton, S., Mohayai, T., Nebrensky, J. J., Nugent, J. C., Overton, E., Pec, V., Pidcott, C. E., Rajaram, D., Rayner, M., Reid, I. D., Rogers, C. T., Santos, E., Savic, M., Taylor, I., Torun, Y., Tunnell, C. D., Uchida, M. A., Verguilov, V., Walaron, K., Winter, M., and Wilbur, S.

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) collaboration has developed the MICE Analysis User Software (MAUS) to simulate and analyze experimental data. It serves as the primary codebase for the experiment, providing for offline batch simulation and reconstruction as well as online data quality checks. The software provides both traditional particle-physics functionalities such as track reconstruction and particle identification, and accelerator physics functions, such as calculating transfer matrices and emittances. The code design is object orientated, but has a top-level structure based on the Map-Reduce model. This allows for parallelization to support live data reconstruction during data-taking operations. MAUS allows users to develop in either Python or C++ and provides APIs for both. Various software engineering practices from industry are also used to ensure correct and maintainable code, including style, unit and integration tests, continuous integration and load testing, code reviews, and distributed version control. The software framework and the simulation and reconstruction capabilities are described.

Published
2018
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9. First particle-by-particle measurement of emittance in the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

Author

The MICE Collaboration, Adams, D., Adey, D., Asfandiyarov, R., Barber, G., de Bari, A., Bayes, R., Bayliss, V., Bertoni, R., Blackmore, V., Blondel, A., Boehm, J., Bogomilov, M., Bonesini, M., Booth, C. N., Bowring, D., Boyd, S., Bradshaw, T. W., Bross, A. D., Brown, C., Coney, L., Charnley, G., Chatzitheodoridis, G. T., Chignoli, F., Chung, M., Cline, D., Cobb, J. H., Colling, D., Collomb, N., Cooke, P., Courthold, M., Cremaldi, L. M., DeMello, A., Dick, A. J., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Drielsma, F., Dumbell, K., Ellis, M., Filthaut, F., Franchini, P., Freemire, B., Gallagher, A., Gamet, R., Gardener, R. B. S., Gourlay, S., Grant, A., Greis, J. R., Griffiths, S., Hanlet, P., Hanson, G. G., Hartnett, T., Heidt, C., Hodgson, P., Hunt, C., Ishimoto, S., Jokovic, D., Jurj, P. B., Kaplan, D. M., Karadzhov, Y., Klier, A., Kuno, Y., Kurup, A., Kyberd, P., Lagrange, J-B., Langlands, J., Lau, W., Li, D., Li, Z., Liu, A., Long, K., Lord, T., Macwaters, C., Maletic, D., Martlew, B., Martyniak, J., Mazza, R., Middleton, S., Mohayai, T. A., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Nebrensky, J. J., Neuffer, D., Nichols, A., Nugent, J. C., Oates, A., Orestano, D., Overton, E., Owens, P., Palladino, V., Palmer, M., Pasternak, J., Pec, V., Pidcott, C., Popovic, M., Preece, R., Prestemon, S., Rajaram, D., Ricciardi, S., Robinson, M., Rogers, C., Ronald, K., Rubinov, P., Sakamoto, H., Sanders, D. A., Sato, A., Savic, M., Snopok, P., Smith, P. J., Soler, F. J. P., Song, Y., Stanley, T., Stokes, G., Suezaki, V., Summers, D. J., Sung, C. K., Tang, J., Tarrant, J., Taylor, I., Tortora, L., Torun, Y., Tsenov, R., Tucker, M., Uchida, M. A., Virostek, S., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Warburton, P., Wilbur, S., Wilson, A., Witte, H., White, C., Whyte, C. G., Yang, X., Young, A. R., and Zisman, M.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) collaboration seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of ionization cooling, the technique by which it is proposed to cool the muon beam at a future neutrino factory or muon collider. The emittance is measured from an ensemble of muons assembled from those that pass through the experiment. A pure muon ensemble is selected using a particle-identification system that can reject efficiently both pions and electrons. The position and momentum of each muon are measured using a high-precision scintillating-fibre tracker in a 4\,T solenoidal magnetic field. This paper presents the techniques used to reconstruct the phase-space distributions and reports the first particle-by-particle measurement of the emittance of the MICE Muon Beam as a function of muon-beam momentum.

Published
2018
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10. First particle-by-particle measurement of emittance in the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

Author

Adams, D, Adey, D, Asfandiyarov, R, Barber, G, de Bari, A, Bayes, R, Bayliss, V, Bertoni, R, Blackmore, V, Blondel, A, Boehm, J, Bogomilov, M, Bonesini, M, Booth, CN, Bowring, D, Boyd, S, Bradshaw, TW, Bross, AD, Brown, C, Charnley, G, Chatzitheodoridis, GT, Chignoli, F, Chung, M, Cline, D, Cobb, JH, Colling, D, Collomb, N, Cooke, P, Courthold, M, Cremaldi, LM, DeMello, A, Dick, AJ, Dobbs, A, Dornan, P, Drielsma, F, Dumbell, K, Ellis, M, Filthaut, F, Franchini, P, Freemire, B, Gallagher, A, Gamet, R, Gardener, RBS, Gourlay, S, Grant, A, Greis, JR, Griffiths, S, Hanlet, P, Hanson, GG, Hartnett, T, Heidt, C, Hodgson, P, Hunt, C, Ishimoto, S, Jokovic, D, Jurj, PB, Kaplan, DM, Karadzhov, Y, Klier, A, Kuno, Y, Kurup, A, Kyberd, P, Lagrange, J-B, Langlands, J, Lau, W, Li, D, Li, Z, Liu, A, Long, K, Lord, T, Macwaters, C, Maletic, D, Martlew, B, Martyniak, J, Mazza, R, Middleton, S, Mohayai, TA, Moss, A, Muir, A, Mullacrane, I, Nebrensky, JJ, Neuffer, D, Nichols, A, Nugent, JC, Oates, A, Orestano, D, Overton, E, Owens, P, Palladino, V, Palmer, M, Pasternak, J, Pec, V, Pidcott, C, Popovic, M, Preece, R, Prestemon, S, Rajaram, D, Ricciardi, S, Robinson, M, and Rogers, C

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, physics.acc-ph, physics.ins-det, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) collaboration seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of ionization cooling, the technique by which it is proposed to cool the muon beam at a future neutrino factory or muon collider. The emittance is measured from an ensemble of muons assembled from those that pass through the experiment. A pure muon ensemble is selected using a particle-identification system that can reject efficiently both pions and electrons. The position and momentum of each muon are measured using a high-precision scintillating-fibre tracker in a 4 T solenoidal magnetic field. This paper presents the techniques used to reconstruct the phase-space distributions in the upstream tracking detector and reports the first particle-by-particle measurement of the emittance of the MICE Muon Beam as a function of muon-beam momentum.

Published
2019

11. Design and expected performance of the MICE demonstration of ionization cooling

Author

MICE Collaboration, Bogomilov, M., Tsenov, R., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Song, Y., Tang, J., Li, Z., Bertoni, R., Bonesini, M., Chignoli, F., Mazza, R., Palladino, V., de Bari, A., Cecchet, G., Orestano, D., Tortora, L., Kuno, Y., Ishimoto, S., Filthaut, F., Jokovic, D., Maletic, D., Savic, M., Hansen, O. M., Ramberger, S., Vretenar, M., Asfandiyarov, R., Blondel, A., Drielsma, F., Karadzhov, Y., Charnley, G., Collomb, N., Gallagher, A., Grant, A., Griffiths, S., Hartnett, T., Martlew, B., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Oates, A., Owens, P., Stokes, G., Tucker, M., Warburton, P., White, C., Adams, D., Anderson, R. J., Barclay, P., Bayliss, V., Boehm, J., Bradshaw, T. W., Courthold, M., Dumbell, K., Francis, V., Fry, L., Hayler, T., Hills, M., Lintern, A., Macwaters, C., Nichols, A., Preece, R., Ricciardi, S., Rogers, C., Stanley, T., Tarrant, J., Wilson, A., Watson, S., Bayes, R., Nugent, J. C., Soler, F. J. P., Gamet, R., Barber, G., Blackmore, V. J., Colling, D., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Hunt, C., Kurup, A., Lagrange, J-B., Long, K., Martyniak, J., Middleton, S., Pasternak, J., Uchida, M. A., Cobb, J. H., Lau, W., Booth, C. N., Hodgson, P., Langlands, J., Overton, E., Robinson, M., Smith, P. J., Wilbur, S., Dick, A. J., Ronald, K., Whyte, C. G., Young, A. R., Boyd, S., Franchini, P., Greis, J. R., Pidcott, C., Taylor, I., Gardener, R. B. S., Kyberd, P., Nebrensky, J. J., Palmer, M., Witte, H., Bross, A. D., Bowring, D., Liu, A., Neuffer, D., Popovic, M., Rubinov, P., DeMello, A., Gourlay, S., Li, D., Prestemon, S., Virostek, S., Freemire, B., Hanlet, P., Kaplan, D. M., Mohayai, T. A., Rajaram, D., Snopok, P., Suezaki, V., Torun, Y., Onel, Y., Cremaldi, L. M., Sanders, D. A., Summers, D. J., Hanson, G. G., and Heidt, C.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Muon beams of low emittance provide the basis for the intense, well-characterised neutrino beams necessary to elucidate the physics of flavour at a neutrino factory and to provide lepton-antilepton collisions at energies of up to several TeV at a muon collider. The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) aims to demonstrate ionization cooling, the technique by which it is proposed to reduce the phase-space volume occupied by the muon beam at such facilities. In an ionization-cooling channel, the muon beam passes through a material in which it loses energy. The energy lost is then replaced using RF cavities. The combined effect of energy loss and re-acceleration is to reduce the transverse emittance of the beam (transverse cooling). A major revision of the scope of the project was carried out over the summer of 2014. The revised experiment can deliver a demonstration of ionization cooling. The design of the cooling demonstration experiment will be described together with its predicted cooling performance., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures

Published
2017
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12. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response after statin initiation among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus

Author

Burkholder, Greer A, Muntner, Paul, Zhao, Hong, Mugavero, Michael J, Overton, E Turner, Kilgore, Meredith, Drozd, Daniel R, Crane, Heidi M, Moore, Richard D, Mathews, Wm Christopher, Geng, Elvin, Boswell, Stephen, Floris-Moore, Michelle, and Rosenson, Robert S

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Diabetes, Prevention, Clinical Research, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, HIV Infections, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, HIV infection, Statin, Dyslipidemia, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Cardiovascular disease, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Abstract

BackgroundMeta-analyses of general population studies report mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reductions of 30% to

Published
2018

13. The reconstruction software for the MICE scintillating fibre trackers

Author

Dobbs, A., Hunt, C., Long, K., Santos, E., Uchida, M. A., Kyberd, P., Heidt, C., Blot, S., and Overton, E.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will demonstrate the principle of muon beam phase-space reduction via ionization cooling. Muon beam cooling will be required for the proposed Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. The phase-space before and after the cooling cell must be measured precisely. This is achieved using two scintillating-fibre trackers, each placed in a solenoidal magnetic field. This paper describes the software reconstruction for the fibre trackers: the GEANT4 based simulation; the implementation of the geometry; digitisation; space-point reconstruction; pattern recognition; and the final track fit based on a Kalman filter. The performance of the software is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo studies and the precision of the final track reconstruction is evaluated.

Published
2016
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14. The design and performance of an improved target for MICE

Author

Booth, C. N., Hodgson, P., Langlands, J., Overton, E., Robinson, M., Smith, P. J., Barber, G., Long, K. R., Shepherd, B., Capocci, E., MacWaters, C., and Tarrant, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The linear motor driving the target for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment has been redesigned to improve its reliability and performance. A new coil-winding technique is described which produces better magnetic alignment and improves heat transport out of the windings. Improved field-mapping has allowed the more precise construction to be demonstrated, and an enhanced controller exploits the full features of the hardware, enabling increased acceleration and precision. The new user interface is described and analysis of performance data to monitor friction is shown to allow quality control of bearings and a measure of the ageing of targets during use., Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures. To be published in JINST

Published
2016
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15. Lattice design and expected performance of the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment demonstration of ionization cooling

Author

Bogomilov, M, Tsenov, R, Vankova-Kirilova, G, Song, Y, Tang, J, Li, Z, Bertoni, R, Bonesini, M, Chignoli, F, Mazza, R, Palladino, V, De Bari, A, Cecchet, G, Orestano, D, Tortora, L, Kuno, Y, Ishimoto, S, Filthaut, F, Jokovic, D, Maletic, D, Savic, M, Hansen, OM, Ramberger, S, Vretenar, M, Asfandiyarov, R, Blondel, A, Drielsma, F, Karadzhov, Y, Charnley, G, Collomb, N, Dumbell, K, Gallagher, A, Grant, A, Griffiths, S, Hartnett, T, Martlew, B, Moss, A, Muir, A, Mullacrane, I, Oates, A, Owens, P, Stokes, G, Warburton, P, White, C, Adams, D, Anderson, RJ, Barclay, P, Bayliss, V, Boehm, J, Bradshaw, TW, Courthold, M, Francis, V, Fry, L, Hayler, T, Hills, M, Lintern, A, Macwaters, C, Nichols, A, Preece, R, Ricciardi, S, Rogers, C, Stanley, T, Tarrant, J, Tucker, M, Wilson, A, Watson, S, Bayes, R, Nugent, JC, Soler, FJP, Gamet, R, Barber, G, Blackmore, VJ, Colling, D, Dobbs, A, Dornan, P, Hunt, C, Kurup, A, Lagrange, JB, Long, K, Martyniak, J, Middleton, S, Pasternak, J, Uchida, MA, Cobb, JH, Lau, W, Booth, CN, Hodgson, P, Langlands, J, Overton, E, Robinson, M, Smith, PJ, Wilbur, S, Dick, AJ, Ronald, K, Whyte, CG, Young, AR, Boyd, S, Franchini, P, Greis, JR, and Pidcott, C

Subjects
physics.acc-ph
Abstract

Muon beams of low emittance provide the basis for the intense, well-characterized neutrino beams necessary to elucidate the physics of flavor at a neutrino factory and to provide lepton-antilepton collisions at energies of up to several TeV at a muon collider. The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) aims to demonstrate ionization cooling, the technique by which it is proposed to reduce the phase-space volume occupied by the muon beam at such facilities. In an ionization-cooling channel, the muon beam passes through a material in which it loses energy. The energy lost is then replaced using rf cavities. The combined effect of energy loss and reacceleration is to reduce the transverse emittance of the beam (transverse cooling). A major revision of the scope of the project was carried out over the summer of 2014. The revised experiment can deliver a demonstration of ionization cooling. The design of the cooling demonstration experiment will be described together with its predicted cooling performance.

Published
2017

16. Pion contamination in the MICE muon beam

Author

Adams, D., Alekou, A., Apollonio, M., Asfandiyarov, R., Barber, G., Barclay, P., de Bari, A., Bayes, R., Bayliss, V., Bertoni, R., Blackmore, V. J., Blondel, A., Blot, S., Bogomilov, M., Bonesini, M., Booth, C. N., Bowring, D., Boyd, S., Bradshaw, T. W., Bravar, U., Bross, A. D., Capponi, M., Carlisle, T., Cecchet, G., Charnley, C., Chignoli, F., Cline, D., Cobb, J. H., Colling, G., Collomb, N., Coney, L., Cooke, P., Courthold, M., Cremaldi, L. M., DeMello, A., Dick, A., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Drews, M., Drielsma, F., Filthaut, F., Fitzpatrick, T., Franchini, P., Francis, V., Fry, L., Gallagher, A., Gamet, R., Gardener, R., Gourlay, S., Grant, A., Greis, J. R., Griffiths, S., Hanlet, P., Hansen, O. M., Hanson, G. G., Hart, T. L., Hartnett, T., Hayler, T., Heidt, C., Hills, M., Hodgson, P., Hunt, C., Iaciofano, A., Ishimoto, S., Kafka, G., Kaplan, D. M., Karadzhov, Y., Kim, Y. K., Kuno, Y., Kyberd, P., Lagrange, J-B, Langlands, J., Lau, W., Leonova, M., Li, D., Lintern, A., Littlefield, M., Long, K., Luo, T., Macwaters, C., Martlew, B., Martyniak, J., Mazza, R., Middleton, S., Moretti, A., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Nebrensky, J. J., Neuffer, D., Nichols, A., Nicholson, R., Nugent, J. C., Oates, A., Onel, Y., Orestano, D., Overton, E., Owens, P., Palladino, V., Pasternak, J., Pastore, F., Pidcott, C., Popovic, M., Preece, R., Prestemon, S., Rajaram, D., Ramberger, S., Rayner, M. A., Ricciardi, S., Roberts, T. J., Robinson, M., Rogers, C., Ronald, K., Rubinov, P., Rucinski, P., Sakamato, H., Sanders, D. A., Santos, E., Savidge, T., Smith, P. J., Snopok, P., Soler, F. J. P., Speirs, D., Stanley, T., Stokes, G., Summers, D. J., Tarrant, J., Taylor, I., Tortora, L., Torun, Y., Tsenov, R., Tunnell, C. D., Uchida, M. A., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Virostek, S., Vretenar, M., Warburton, P., Watson, S., White, C., Whyte, C. G., Wilson, A., Winter, M., Yang, X., Young, A., and Zisman, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a systematic investigation of ionization cooling with muon beams of momentum between 140 and 240\,MeV/c at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS facility. The measurement of ionization cooling in MICE relies on the selection of a pure sample of muons that traverse the experiment. To make this selection, the MICE Muon Beam is designed to deliver a beam of muons with less than $\sim$1\% contamination. To make the final muon selection, MICE employs a particle-identification (PID) system upstream and downstream of the cooling cell. The PID system includes time-of-flight hodoscopes, threshold-Cherenkov counters and calorimetry. The upper limit for the pion contamination measured in this paper is $f_\pi < 1.4\%$ at 90\% C.L., including systematic uncertainties. Therefore, the MICE Muon Beam is able to meet the stringent pion-contamination requirements of the study of ionization cooling., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures

Published
2015
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17. Electron-Muon Ranger: performance in the MICE Muon Beam

Author

Adams, D., Alekou, A., Apollonio, M., Asfandiyarov, R., Barber, G., Barclay, P., de Bari, A., Bayes, R., Bayliss, V., Bene, P., Bertoni, R., Blackmore, V. J., Blondel, A., Blot, S., Bogomilov, M., Bonesini, M., Booth, C. N., Bowring, D., Boyd, S., Bradshaw, T. W., Bravar, U., Bross, A. D., Cadoux, F., Capponi, M., Carlisle, T., Cecchet, G., Charnley, C., Chignoli, F., Cline, D., Cobb, J. H., Colling, G., Collomb, N., Coney, L., Cooke, P., Courthold, M., Cremaldi, L. M., Debieux, S., DeMello, A., Dick, A., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Drielsma, F., Filthaut, F., Fitzpatrick, T., Franchini, P., Francis, V., Fry, L., Gallagher, A., Gamet, R., Gardener, R., Gourlay, S., Grant, A., Graulich, J. S., Greis, J., Griffiths, S., Hanlet, P., Hansen, O. M., Hanson, G. G., Hart, T. L., Hartnett, T., Hayler, T., Heidt, C., Hills, M., Hodgson, P., Hunt, C., Husi, C., Iaciofano, A., Ishimoto, S., Kafka, G., Kaplan, D. M., Karadzhov, Y., Kim, Y. K., Kuno, Y., Kyberd, P., Lagrange, J-B, Langlands, J., Lau, W., Leonova, M., Li, D., Lintern, A., Littlefield, M., Long, K., Luo, T., Macwaters, C., Martlew, B., Martyniak, J., Masciocchi, F., Mazza, R., Middleton, S., Moretti, A., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Nebrensky, J. J., Neuffer, D., Nichols, A., Nicholson, R., Nicola, L., Messomo, E. Noah, Nugent, J. C., Oates, A., Onel, Y., Orestano, D., Overton, E., Owens, P., Palladino, V., Pasternak, J., Pastore, F., Pidcott, C., Popovic, M., Preece, R., Prestemon, S., Rajaram, D., Ramberger, S., Rayner, M. A., Ricciardi, S., Roberts, T. J., Robinson, M., Rogers, C., Ronald, K., Rothenfusser, K., Rubinov, P., Rucinski, P., Sakamato, H., Sanders, D. A., Sandstrom, R., Santos, E., Savidge, T., Smith, P. J., Snopok, P., Soler, F. J. P., Speirs, D., Stanley, T., Stokes, G., Summers, D. J., Tarrant, J., Taylor, I., Tortora, L., Torun, Y., Tsenov, R., Tunnell, C. D., Uchida, M. A., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Virostek, S., Vretenar, M., Warburton, P., Watson, S., White, C., Whyte, C. G., Wilson, A., Wisting, H., Yang, X., Young, A., and Zisman, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a detailed study of ionization cooling to evaluate the feasibility of the technique. To carry out this program, MICE requires an efficient particle-identification (PID) system to identify muons. The Electron-Muon Ranger (EMR) is a fully-active tracking-calorimeter that forms part of the PID system and tags muons that traverse the cooling channel without decaying. The detector is capable of identifying electrons with an efficiency of 98.6%, providing a purity for the MICE beam that exceeds 99.8%. The EMR also proved to be a powerful tool for the reconstruction of muon momenta in the range 100-280 MeV/$c$., Comment: 22 pages, 19 figures

Published
2015
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18. Pion contamination in the MICE muon beam

Author

Adams, D, Alekou, A, Apollonio, M, Asfandiyarov, R, Barber, G, Barclay, P, de Bari, A, Bayes, R, Bayliss, V, Bertoni, R, Blackmore, VJ, Blondel, A, Blot, S, Bogomilov, M, Bonesini, M, Booth, CN, Bowring, D, Boyd, S, Brashaw, TW, Bravar, U, Bross, AD, Capponi, M, Carlisle, T, Cecchet, G, Charnley, C, Chignoli, F, Cline, D, Cobb, JH, Colling, G, Collomb, N, Coney, L, Cooke, P, Courthold, M, Cremaldi, LM, DeMello, A, Dick, A, Dobbs, A, Dornan, P, Drews, M, Drielsma, F, Filthaut, F, Fitzpatrick, T, Franchini, P, Francis, V, Fry, L, Gallagher, A, Gamet, R, Gardener, R, Gourlay, S, Grant, A, Greis, JR, Griffiths, S, Hanlet, P, Hansen, OM, Hanson, GG, Hart, TL, Hartnett, T, Hayler, T, Heidt, C, Hills, M, Hodgson, P, Hunt, C, Iaciofano, A, Ishimoto, S, Kafka, G, Kaplan, DM, Karadzhov, Y, Kim, YK, Kuno, Y, Kyberd, P, Lagrange, J-B, Langlands, J, Lau, W, Leonova, M, Li, D, Lintern, A, Littlefield, M, Long, K, Luo, T, Macwaters, C, Martlew, B, Martyniak, J, Mazza, R, Middleton, S, Moretti, A, Moss, A, Muir, A, Mullacrane, I, Nebrensky, JJ, Neuffer, D, Nichols, A, Nicholson, R, Nugent, JC, Oates, A, Onel, Y, Orestano, D, Overton, E, Owens, P, Palladino, V, and Pasternak, J

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - low energy, Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile, monitors, beam-intensity monitors, bunch length monitors), physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a systematic investigation of ionization cooling with muon beams of momentum between 140 and 240 MeV/c at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS facility. The measurement of ionization cooling in MICE relies on the selection of a pure sample of muons that traverse the experiment. To make this selection, the MICE Muon Beam is designed to deliver a beam of muons with less than ∼1% contamination. To make the final muon selection, MICE employs a particle-identification (PID) system upstream and downstream of the cooling cell. The PID system includes time-of-flight hodoscopes, threshold-Cherenkov counters and calorimetry. The upper limit for the pion contamination measured in this paper is fπ < 1.4% at 90% C.L., including systematic uncertainties. Therefore, the MICE Muon Beam is able to meet the stringent pion-contamination requirements of the study of ionization cooling.

Published
2016

19. Incidence and Predictors of Abnormal Anal Cytology Findings Among HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy.

Author

Unger, Elizabeth, Patel, Pragna, Steinau, Martin, Kojic, E, Martin, Harold, Overton, E, Cu-Uvin, Susan, Hammer, John, Henry, Keith, Wood, Kathleen, Brooks, John, Conley, Lois, Bush, Timothy, Palefsky, Joel, and Darragh, Teresa

Subjects
HIV, HPV, abnormal anal cytology, incidence, persistence, Adult, Anal Canal, Anti-HIV Agents, Female, HIV Infections, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Anal cancer rates are higher for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults than for uninfected adults. Limited published data exist characterizing the incidence of precursor lesions detected by anal cytology. METHODS: The Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy was a prospective cohort of 700 HIV-infected participants in 4 US cities. At baseline and annually thereafter, each participant completed a behavioral questionnaire, and healthcare professionals collected anorectal swabs for cytologic examination and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and genotyping. RESULTS: Among 243 participants with negative baseline results of anal cytology, 37% developed abnormal cytology findings (incidence rate, 13.9 cases/100 person-years of follow-up; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.3-16.9) over a median follow-up duration of 2.1 years. Rates among men having sex with men, among women, and among men having sex with women were 17.9 cases/person-years of follow-up (95% CI, 13.9-22.7), 9.4 cases/person-years of follow-up (95% CI, 5.6-14.9), and 8.9 cases/person-years of follow-up (95% CI, 4.8-15.6), respectively. In multivariable analysis, the number of persistent high-risk HPV types (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.36), persistent high-risk HPV types except 16 or 18 (aHR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.31-4.60), and persistent types 16 or 18 (aHR, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.78-8.54) remained associated with incident abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of abnormal anal cytology findings was high and more likely to develop among persons with persistent high-risk HPV.

Published
2016

20. Incidence and Predictors of Abnormal Anal Cytology Findings Among HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy.

Author

Conley, Lois J, Bush, Timothy J, Darragh, Teresa M, Palefsky, Joel M, Unger, Elizabeth R, Patel, Pragna, Steinau, Martin, Kojic, E Milu, Martin, Harold, Overton, E Turner, Cu-Uvin, Susan, Hammer, John, Henry, Keith, Wood, Kathleen, Brooks, John T, and SUN Study Group

Subjects
SUN Study Group, Humans, HIV Infections, Anti-HIV Agents, Incidence, Risk Factors, Homosexuality, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Anal Canal, Female, Male, HIV, HPV, abnormal anal cytology, incidence, persistence, Homosexuality, Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundAnal cancer rates are higher for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults than for uninfected adults. Limited published data exist characterizing the incidence of precursor lesions detected by anal cytology.MethodsThe Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy was a prospective cohort of 700 HIV-infected participants in 4 US cities. At baseline and annually thereafter, each participant completed a behavioral questionnaire, and healthcare professionals collected anorectal swabs for cytologic examination and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and genotyping.ResultsAmong 243 participants with negative baseline results of anal cytology, 37% developed abnormal cytology findings (incidence rate, 13.9 cases/100 person-years of follow-up; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.3-16.9) over a median follow-up duration of 2.1 years. Rates among men having sex with men, among women, and among men having sex with women were 17.9 cases/person-years of follow-up (95% CI, 13.9-22.7), 9.4 cases/person-years of follow-up (95% CI, 5.6-14.9), and 8.9 cases/person-years of follow-up (95% CI, 4.8-15.6), respectively. In multivariable analysis, the number of persistent high-risk HPV types (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.36), persistent high-risk HPV types except 16 or 18 (aHR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.31-4.60), and persistent types 16 or 18 (aHR, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.78-8.54) remained associated with incident abnormalities.ConclusionsThe incidence of abnormal anal cytology findings was high and more likely to develop among persons with persistent high-risk HPV.

Published
2016

21. Characterisation of the muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment

Author

The MICE Collaboration, Adams, D., Adey, D., Alekou, A., Apollonio, M., Asfandiyarov, R., Back, J., Barber, G., Barclay, P., de Bari, A., Bayes, R., Bayliss, V., Bertoni, R., Blackmore, V. J., Blondel, A., Blot, S., Bogomilov, M., Bonesini, M., Booth, C. N., Bowring, D., Boyd, S., Bradshaw, T. W., Bravar, U., Bross, A. D., Capponi, M., Carlisle, T., Cecchet, G., Charnley, G., Cobb, J. H., Colling, D., Collomb, N., Coney, L., Cooke, P., Courthold, M., Cremaldi, L. M., DeMello, A., Dick, A., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Fayer, S., Filthaut, F., Fish, A., Fitzpatrick, T., Fletcher, R., Forrest, D., Francis, V., Freemire, B., Fry, L., Gallagher, A., Gamet, R., Gourlay, S., Grant, A., Graulich, J. S., Griffiths, S., Hanlet, P., Hansen, O. M., Hanson, G. G., Harrison, P., Hart, T. L., Hartnett, T., Hayler, T., Heidt, C., Hills, M., Hodgson, P., Iaciofano, A., Ishimoto, S., Kafka, G., Kaplan, D. M., Karadzhov, Y., Kim, Y. K., Kolev, D., Kuno, Y., Kyberd, P., Lau, W., Leaver, J., Leonova, M., Li, D., Lintern, A., Littlefield, M., Long, K., Lucchini, G., Luo, T., Macwaters, C., Martlew, B., Martyniak, J., Moretti, A., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Nebrensky, J. J., Neuffer, D., Nichols, A., Nicholson, R., Nugent, J. C., Onel, Y., Orestano, D., Overton, E., Owens, P., Palladino, V., Pasternak, J., Pastore, F., Pidcott, C., Popovic, M., Preece, R., Prestemon, S., Rajaram, D., Ramberger, S., Rayner, M. A., Ricciardi, S., Richards, A., Roberts, T. J., Robinson, M., Rogers, C., Ronald, K., Rubinov, P., Rucinski, R., Rusinov, I., Sakamoto, H., Sanders, D. A., Santos, E., Savidge, T., Smith, P. J., Snopok, P., Soler, F. J. P., Stanley, T., Summers, D. J., Takahashi, M., Tarrant, J., Taylor, I., Tortora, L., Torun, Y., Tsenov, R., Tunnell, C. D., Vankova, G., Verguilov, V., Virostek, S., Vretenar, M., Walaron, K., Watson, S., White, C., Whyte, C. G., Wilson, A., Wisting, H., and Zisman, M.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

A novel single-particle technique to measure emittance has been developed and used to characterise seventeen different muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE). The muon beams, whose mean momenta vary from 171 to 281 MeV/c, have emittances of approximately 1.5--2.3 \pi mm-rad horizontally and 0.6--1.0 \pi mm-rad vertically, a horizontal dispersion of 90--190 mm and momentum spreads of about 25 MeV/c. There is reasonable agreement between the measured parameters of the beams and the results of simulations. The beams are found to meet the requirements of MICE., Comment: Published in EPJC, 20 pages, 15 figures

Published
2013
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22. The design, construction and performance of the MICE target

Author

Booth, C. N., Hodgson, P., Howlett, L., Nicholson, R., Overton, E., Robinson, M., Smith, P. J., Apollonio, M., Barber, G., Dobbs, A., Leaver, J., Long, K. R., Shepherd, B., Adams, D., Capocci, E., McCarron, E., and Tarrant, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The pion-production target that serves the MICE Muon Beam consists of a titanium cylinder that is dipped into the halo of the ISIS proton beam. The design and construction of the MICE target system are described along with the quality-assurance procedures, electromagnetic drive and control systems, the readout electronics, and the data-acquisition system. The performance of the target is presented together with the particle rates delivered to the MICE Muon Beam. Finally, the beam loss in ISIS generated by the operation of the target is evaluated as a function of the particle rate, and the operating parameters of the target are derived., Comment: 58 pages and 49 figures. To be published in JINST

Published
2012
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23. MICE: the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment. Step I: First Measurement of Emittance with Particle Physics Detectors

Author

Bravar, U., Bogomilov, M., Karadzhov, Y., Kolev, D., Russinov, I., Tsenov, R., Wang, L., Xu, F. Y., Zheng, S. X., Bertoni, R., Bonesini, M., Mazza, R., Palladino, V., Cecchet, G., de Bari, A., Capponi, M., Iaciofano, A., Orestano, D., Pastore, F., Tortora, L., Ishimoto, S., Suzuki, S., Yoshimura, K., Mori, Y., Kuno, Y., Sakamoto, H., Sato, A., Yano, T., Yoshida, M., Filthaut, F., Vretenar, M., Ramberger, S., Blondel, A., Cadoux, F., Masciocchi, F., Graulich, J. S., Verguilov, V., Wisting, H., Petitjean, C., Seviour, R., Ellis, M., Kyberd, P., Littlefield, M., Nebrensky, J. J., Forrest, D., Soler, F. J. P., Walaron, K., Cooke, P., Gamet, R., Alecou, A., Apollonio, M., Barber, G., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Fish, A., Hare, R., Jamdagni, A., Kasey, V., Khaleeq, M., Long, K., Pasternak, J., Sashalmi, T., Blackmore, V., Cobb, J., Lau, W., Rayner, M., Tunnell, C. D., Witte, H., Yang, S., Alexander, J., Charnley, G., Griffiths, S., Martlew, B., Moss, A., Mullacrane, I., Oats, A., York, S., Apsimon, R., Alexander, R. J., Barclay, P., Baynham, D. E., Bradshaw, T. W., Courthold, M., Hayler, R. Edgecock T., Hills, M., Jones, T., McCubbin, N., Murray, W. J., Nelson, C., Nicholls, A., Norton, P. R., Prior, C., Rochford, J. H., Rogers, C., Spensley, W., Tilley, K., Booth, C. N., Hodgson, P., Nicholson, R., Overton, E., Robinson, M., Smith, P., Adey, D., Back, J., Boyd, S., Harrison, P., Norem, J., Bross, A. D., Geer, S., Moretti, A., Neuffer, D., Popovic, M., Qian, Z., Raja, R., Stefanski, R., Cummings, M. A. C., Roberts, T. J., DeMello, A., Green, M. A., Li, D., Sessler, A. M., Virostek, S., Zisman, M. S., Freemire, B., Hanlet, P., Huang, D., Kafka, G., Kaplan, D. M., Snopok, P., Torun, Y., Onel, Y., Cline, D., Lee, K., Fukui, Y., Yang, X., Rimmer, R. A., Cremaldi, L. M., Hart, T. L., Summers, D. J., Coney, L., Fletcher, R., Hanson, G. G., Heidt, C., Gallardo, J., Kahn, S., Kirk, H., and Palmer, R. B.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is a strategic R&D project intended to demonstrate the only practical solution to providing high brilliance beams necessary for a neutrino factory or muon collider. MICE is under development at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the United Kingdom. It comprises a dedicated beamline to generate a range of input muon emittances and momenta, with time-of-flight and Cherenkov detectors to ensure a pure muon beam. The emittance of the incoming beam will be measured in the upstream magnetic spectrometer with a scintillating fiber tracker. A cooling cell will then follow, alternating energy loss in Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) absorbers to RF cavity acceleration. A second spectrometer, identical to the first, and a second muon identification system will measure the outgoing emittance. In the 2010 run at RAL the muon beamline and most detectors were fully commissioned and a first measurement of the emittance of the muon beam with particle physics (time-of-flight) detectors was performed. The analysis of these data was recently completed and is discussed in this paper. Future steps for MICE, where beam emittance and emittance reduction (cooling) are to be measured with greater accuracy, are also presented., Comment: Proceedings of the DPF-2011 Conference, Providence, RI, August 8-13, 2011

Published
2011

26. Pain is Independently Associated with Impaired Physical Function in HIV‐Infected Patients

Author

Merlin, Jessica S, Westfall, Andrew O, Chamot, Eric, Overton, E Turner, Willig, James H, Ritchie, Christine, Saag, Michael S, and Mugavero, Michael J

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, HIV/AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Chronic Pain, Rehabilitation, Substance Misuse, Pain Research, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Behavioral and Social Science, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Management of diseases and conditions, 7.1 Individual care needs, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, HIV Infections, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mood Disorders, Motor Activity, Pain, Prevalence, Substance-Related Disorders, HIV, Physical Function, Mental Health, Substance Abuse, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Anesthesiology, Clinical sciences, Health services and systems, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

IntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in the current treatment era can achieve normal life expectancies but experience a high degree of medical and psychiatric comorbidity. Impaired physical function and pain, often in the context of mood disorders and substance abuse, are common in HIV-infected patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of pain, a modifiable condition, to functional impairment in HIV-infected patients, independent of mood disorders and substance abuse.MethodsParticipants in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were included. Patient-reported outcome measures were used to cross-sectionally assess pain and physical function (EuroQOL), mood disorders (PHQ), and substance abuse (ASSIST). Univariate and multivariable models were built with pain as the principal independent variable of interest and three domains of physical function (mobility, self-care, and usual activities) as outcomes. Covariates included mood, substance abuse, age, race, sex, insurance status, HIV transmission risk factor, and CD4+ T-cell count.ResultsAmong 1,903 participants, 693 (37%) reported pain; 509 (27%) had a mood disorder; and 157 (8.4%) reported current substance abuse. In multivariable models, pain was independently associated with increased odds of impairment in all three domains of physical function investigated-mobility (aOR 10.5, 95% CI 7.6-14.6), self-care (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 2.2-7.4), and usual activities (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 4.0-7.4).DiscussionPain was associated with substantially increased odds of impairment in physical function. Pain should be an important consideration in HIV primary care. Interventions to address pain and impaired physical function should be investigated.

Published
2013

27. Characterisation of the muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment

Author

Adams, D, Adey, D, Alekou, A, Apollonio, M, Asfandiyarov, R, Back, J, Barber, G, Barclay, P, de Bari, A, Bayes, R, Bayliss, V, Bertoni, R, Blackmore, VJ, Blondel, A, Blot, S, Bogomilov, M, Bonesini, M, Booth, CN, Bowring, D, Boyd, S, Bradshaw, TW, Bravar, U, Bross, AD, Capponi, M, Carlisle, T, Cecchet, G, Charnley, G, Cobb, JH, Colling, D, Collomb, N, Coney, L, Cooke, P, Courthold, M, Cremaldi, LM, DeMello, A, Dick, AJ, Dobbs, A, Dornan, P, Fayer, S, Filthaut, F, Fish, A, Fitzpatrick, T, Fletcher, R, Forrest, D, Francis, V, Freemire, B, Fry, L, Gallagher, A, Gamet, R, Gourlay, S, Grant, A, Graulich, JS, Griffiths, S, Hanlet, P, Hansen, OM, Hanson, GG, Harrison, P, Hart, TL, Hartnett, T, Hayler, T, Heidt, C, Hills, M, Hodgson, P, Hunt, C, Iaciofano, A, Ishimoto, S, Kafka, G, Kaplan, DM, Karadzhov, Y, Kim, YK, Kolev, D, Kuno, Y, Kyberd, P, Lau, W, Leaver, J, Leonova, M, Li, D, Lintern, A, Littlefield, M, Long, K, Lucchini, G, Luo, T, Macwaters, C, Martlew, B, Martyniak, J, Middleton, S, Moretti, A, Moss, A, Muir, A, Mullacrane, I, Nebrensky, JJ, Neuffer, D, Nichols, A, Nicholson, R, Nugent, JC, Onel, Y, Orestano, D, Overton, E, Owens, P, and Palladino, V

Subjects
physics.acc-ph, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

A novel single-particle technique to measure emittance has been developed and used to characterise seventeen different muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE). The muon beams, whose mean momenta vary from 171 to 281 MeV/c, have emittances of approximately 1.2-2.3 π mm-rad horizontally and 0.6-1.0 π mm-rad vertically, a horizontal dispersion of 90-190 mm and momentum spreads of about 25 MeV/c. There is reasonable agreement between the measured parameters of the beams and the results of simulations. The beams are found to meet the requirements of MICE. © 2013 The Author(s).

Published
2013

29. A COVID-19 monitoring process for healthcare workers utilizing occupational health.

Author

Crosby, J C, Lee, R A, McGwin, G, Heath, S L, Burkholder, G A, Gravett, R M, Overton, E T, Locks, G, Fleece, M E, Franco, R, and Nafziger, S

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, MEDICAL personnel, INDUSTRIAL hygiene, COVID-19
Abstract

Background Hospital-based occupational health (HBOH) is uniquely positioned to not only prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, but to care for healthcare workers (HCWs) sick with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aims The primary objective of this study is to describe a system where HBOH services were adapted to provide a monitoring programme whereby HCWs with SARS-CoV-2 received daily evaluations and treatment options in order to improve access to care, and to report the clinical outcomes and predictors of hospitalization in HCWs enrolled in the programme. A secondary objective is to compare clinical outcomes to data on national HCWs with COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort study used survey data collected on HCWs at a university health system with COVID-19 from 1 March 2020 through 1 December 2021. A firth regression model was used to examine the unadjusted and adjusted association between clinical factors and hospitalization. Results The study cohort included 4814 HCWs with COVID-19. Overall hospitalizations were 119 (2%), and there were six deaths (0.12%). Predictors of hospitalization include several co-morbidities and symptoms. A total of 1835 HCWs monitored before vaccine or monoclonal antibody availability were compared with data on U.S. HCWs in a similar time period. The monitored HCWs had a lower rate of co-morbidities (19% versus 44%, P  < 0.001), a lower hospitalization rate (3% versus 8% P  < 0.001) and case-fatality rate (0.11% versus 0.95% P  < 0.001). Conclusions This monitoring strategy for COVID-19 may be feasible for HBOH systems to implement and improve access to care, but more data are needed to determine if it improves outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. First particle-by-particle measurement of emittance in the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

Author

MICE Collaboration, Adams, D., Adey, D., Asfandiyarov, R., Barber, G., de Bari, A., Bayes, R., Bayliss, V., Bertoni, R., Blackmore, V., Blondel, A., Boehm, J., Bogomilov, M., Bonesini, M., Booth, C. N., Bowring, D., Boyd, S., Bradshaw, T. W., Bross, A. D., Brown, C., Charnley, G., Chatzitheodoridis, G. T., Chignoli, F., Chung, M., Cline, D., Cobb, J. H., Colling, D., Collomb, N., Cooke, P., Courthold, M., Cremaldi, L. M., DeMello, A., Dick, A. J., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Drielsma, F., Dumbell, K., Ellis, M., Filthaut, F., Franchini, P., Freemire, B., Gallagher, A., Gamet, R., Gardener, R. B. S., Gourlay, S., Grant, A., Greis, J. R., Griffiths, S., Hanlet, P., Hanson, G. G., Hartnett, T., Heidt, C., Hodgson, P., Hunt, C., Ishimoto, S., Jokovic, D., Jurj, P. B., Kaplan, D. M., Karadzhov, Y., Klier, A., Kuno, Y., Kurup, A., Kyberd, P., Lagrange, J-B., Langlands, J., Lau, W., Li, D., Li, Z., Liu, A., Long, K., Lord, T., Macwaters, C., Maletic, D., Martlew, B., Martyniak, J., Mazza, R., Middleton, S., Mohayai, T. A., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Nebrensky, J. J., Neuffer, D., Nichols, A., Nugent, J. C., Oates, A., Orestano, D., Overton, E., Owens, P., Palladino, V., Palmer, M., Pasternak, J., Pec, V., Pidcott, C., Popovic, M., Preece, R., Prestemon, S., Rajaram, D., Ricciardi, S., Robinson, M., Rogers, C., Ronald, K., Rubinov, P., Sakamoto, H., Sanders, D. A., Sato, A., Savic, M., Snopok, P., Smith, P. J., Soler, F. J. P., Song, Y., Stanley, T., Stokes, G., Suezaki, V., Summers, D. J., Sung, C. K., Tang, J., Tarrant, J., Taylor, I., Tortora, L., Torun, Y., Tsenov, R., Tucker, M., Uchida, M. A., Virostek, S., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Warburton, P., Wilbur, S., Wilson, A., Witte, H., White, C., Whyte, C. G., Yang, X., Young, A. R., and Zisman, M.

Published
2019
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38. Evaluation of HIV-1 reservoir size and broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) susceptibility in individuals who initiated ART during acute and chronic infection

Author

Moldt, B., Gunthard, H., Workowski, K., Little, S., Eron, J., Overton, E., Lehmann, C., Rokx, C., Kozal, M., Gandhi, R., Liu, H., Makadzange, T., Collins, S., Geleziunas, R., and Callebaut, C.

Subjects
Antiviral agents -- Patient outcomes, AIDS (Disease) -- Research, AIDS research, HIV infection -- Development and progression -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Background: The persistence of the viral reservoir is the main barrier to curing HIV. Initiation of ART during primary HIV infection can limit the size and diversity of the viral [...]

Published
2021
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39. 463 Proteomic Signature Of Early Coronary Artery Disease In People With Hiv: Analysis Of The Reprieve Mechanistic Substudy

Author

Kolossváry, M., primary, deFilippi, C., additional, Lu, M., additional, Zanni, M., additional, Fulda, E., additional, Foldyna, B., additional, Ribaudo, H., additional, Mayrhofer, T., additional, Collier, A., additional, Bloomfield, G., additional, Fichtenbaum, C., additional, Overton, E., additional, Aberg, J., additional, Currier, J., additional, Fitch, K., additional, Douglas, P., additional, and Grinspoon, S., additional

Published
2022
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