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Objective: To three-dimensionally evaluate the position and morphology of the TMJ in skeletal Class I with variable degrees of overbite and overjet in comparison with normal peers. Methods: Pretreatment CBCT scans of 126 adults were retrieved. Based on the severity of overjet and overbite, the sample was divided into three main groups and six subgroups (18 patients each): the first group with a normal overbite and variable overjet degree and the second group with normal overjet and variable overbite degree. These six subgroups were compared with a third control group of normal overjet and overbite. Results: There were significant differences in vertical condylar position, vertical and anteroposterior condylar inclinations, condylar height, and significant posterior condylar positioning in severe deep overbite, compared with the control group. Conclusion: There were significant changes in the TMJ components in severe deep overbite cases. Therefore, sever deep overbite could be considered a predisposing factor for temporomandibular disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Large horizontal maxillary overjet (overjet) is associated with reduced bite force (BF) and number of contacts, which influence the chewing effectivity (CE). Oral health, oro‐facial function (OF) and malocclusion have great impact on psychological well‐being and quality of life (QoL). Objectives: The aims of the study were to examine OF, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), BF, CE, QoL and well‐being in children and adolescents with large overjet. Methods: The study was a case–control study including healthy children with large overjet in the study group compared to a control group of healthy children with neutral occlusion, all 9–14 years old. OF was examined by use of Nordic Orofacial Test‐Screening (NOT‐S), Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and registration of morphological and functional occlusion. QoL and well‐being were examined using KIDSCREEN‐10 and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: The study and control groups included 37 and 32 participants, respectively. Significantly increased NOT‐S score (p <.001) and reduced BF (p =.011), numbers of contacts (p <.001) and CE (p =.005) were found in the study group. BF, numbers of contacts and CE were negatively associated with erupting canines and premolars. No significant difference was found in age, gender, dental eruption, TMD diagnosis or QoL between the groups. Significantly increased emotional symptoms (p =.007), hyperactivity (p =.043) and total difficulties score (p =.009) were found in the study group. Conclusion: The study group showed higher NOT‐S score and reduced BF, number of contacts and CE. No difference in QoL were found between the groups, although reduced well‐being and increased emotional symptoms, hyperactivity and total difficulties were found in the study group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Curve of Spee (COS) depth and malocclusion characteristics in a population from Sibiu County, Romania. The research sought to understand how the COS's anatomical dimensions correlate with different classes of malocclusion and the position of the frontal teeth. Methods: A total of 265 participants from the Dentistry Ambulatory of the Military Hospital of Sibiu were included in this study. It employed digital intraoral scanning technology to measure the COS, overjet, and overbite, with malocclusion classification. Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, were conducted to examine the relationships between COS depth, frontal teeth position, and malocclusion characteristics. Results: The average COS depth measured was 1.0564 mm, presenting variability when compared to existing literature. Most of the study participants had Class I malocclusion. A significant positive correlation between COS depth and overjet was identified, with no notable gender-based differences in these occlusal parameters. Conclusions: The findings affirm the integral role of COS in occlusal dynamics and malocclusion diagnosis. The COS measurement of a mean of 1.0564 mm, when compared to other results emphasizes the differences in occlusal curvature among various populations. The results contribute to a refined understanding of occlusal relationships, supporting the need for personalized orthodontic and prosthetic treatments based on precise anatomical measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundClass II malocclusions are a common orthodontic problem, often requiring comprehensive treatment to achieve proper occlusion and facial harmony. Early orthodontic intervention in the mixed dentition phase has been advocated to address these issues. Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 150 patients with class II malocclusions who underwent early orthodontic treatment between the ages of 7 and 10 years. The treatment included fixed or removable appliances, headgear, and functional appliances, depending on individual needs. Records of their initial malocclusion severity, treatment modalities, and long-term follow-up data (mean follow-up duration of 10 years) were collected and analyzed. Stability was assessed by evaluating overjet and overbite changes from post-treatment to the long-term follow-up. ResultsThe initial mean overjet and overbite values were 8.5 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively. Following early orthodontic intervention, these values were significantly reduced to 3.0 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively (P < 0.001). At the long-term follow-up, the mean overjet and overbite remained stable at 3.2 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively. Analysis revealed that 85% of patients maintained their corrected class II occlusion within clinically acceptable limits, while 15% experienced minor relapse requiring minimal additional treatment. ConclusionEarly orthodontic treatment in class II malocclusions can lead to significant improvements in overjet and overbite, and these corrections tend to remain stable over the long term.

Background/Aim: Individuals with special healthcare needs (SHCN) are more likely to sustain traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) due to distinct risk factors. The aim of this review was to assess various risk factors associated with TDIs in individuals with SHCN. Materials and Methods: The protocol was designed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane‐handbook, Joanna Briggs Institute, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022357422). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus using a pre‐defined strategy without any limitation of language and year of publication. It was last updated on 25 April 2023. Studies addressing the TDIs in individuals with SHCN were included. Data extraction and analyses were performed, risk of bias (ROB) assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, and a meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects model. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the review. They were categorized according to the target disease/condition: cerebral palsy (n = 5), ADHD and autism spectrum disorders (n = 5), visually impaired (n = 4), and multiple disorders (n = 7). The studies showed variability in the design and methods; however, 17 out of 21 studies showed moderate to low ROB. Increased overjet and lip incompetence were the main risk factors reported in the studies. The commonest injuries were observed to be enamel and enamel and dentine fractures. Conclusion: The overall pooled prevalence of TDI in individuals with special healthcare needs was 23.16% with 20.98% in males and 27.06% in females. Overjet >3 mm and inadequate lip coverage were found to be associated with a higher risk of TDI in all the categories of individuals with special healthcare needs except ADHD and ASD. Falls at home in cerebral palsy, falls while walking and self‐harm in ADHD and ASD, falls at home and collision in visual impairment, and unspecified falls in multiple disorders could be identified as the most common cause of TDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article informs about a retrospective study evaluating the alignment outcomes of Invisalign aligner treatment by comparing predicted and achieved overjet and overbite measurements. Topics include the methodology involving ClinCheck Pro data, statistical analyses revealing significant differences between predicted and achieved outcomes, and the conclusion that planned changes in overjet and overbite differed significantly from actual results.

The article informs about a validation study that investigated the consistency between predicted changes in overbite (OB) and overjet (OJ) in Align Technology's digital treatment plan for Invisalign and the actual changes measured with Geomagic Control X software. Topic include the results showed a high level of agreement, indicating that ClinCheck's digital treatment-planning facility provides valid data regarding OB and OJ changes during the prescribed Invisalign treatment.

Background: Class II malocclusions are a common orthodontic problem, often requiring comprehensive treatment to achieve proper occlusion and facial harmony. Early orthodontic intervention in the mixed dentition phase has been advocated to address these issues. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 150 patients with class II malocclusions who underwent early orthodontic treatment between the ages of 7 and 10 years. The treatment included fixed or removable appliances, headgear, and functional appliances, depending on individual needs. Records of their initial malocclusion severity, treatment modalities, and long-term follow-up data (mean follow-up duration of 10 years) were collected and analyzed. Stability was assessed by evaluating overjet and overbite changes from post-treatment to the long-term follow-up. Results: The initial mean overjet and overbite values were 8.5 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively. Following early orthodontic intervention, these values were significantly reduced to 3.0 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively (P < 0.001). At the long-term follow-up, the mean overjet and overbite remained stable at 3.2 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively. Analysis revealed that 85% of patients maintained their corrected class II occlusion within clinically acceptable limits, while 15% experienced minor relapse requiring minimal additional treatment. Conclusion: Early orthodontic treatment in class II malocclusions can lead to significant improvements in overjet and overbite, and these corrections tend to remain stable over the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to evaluate the functions of the overjet in mediating, aggravating, and enabling the expression of jaw growth in growing patients with Class II division 1 and Class III malocclusions. Beside malocclusion severity and treatment timing, treatment duration warrants special consideration, contrasting shorter-term (2-3 years) and longer-term (5-7 years) responders to treatment, both encompassing the contribution of the adolescent growth spurt. Analysis of the genetic and environmental components affecting the development of malocclusion and growth modification indicates that varying critical periods of growth among the craniofacial components account for the variable individual responses to treatment. Clinical implications include keeping the overjet off the path of mandibular horizontal movement during orthopedic treatment, recognizing gender differences in the potential response to treatment, and assessing the value of longer treatment in slow responders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background It is thought that achieving a normal overjet may help to stabilise the alignment of the maxillary anterior dentition. Little’s Irregularity Index is limited in assessing discrete post-orthodontic changes, fails to account for reciprocal rotations and is not sensitive to dental changes in three planes. A more holistic tool for the assessment of post-treatment change is therefore required. Aim To compare the post-treatment stability of maxillary anterior dental alignment in subjects treated either to a Class I incisor relationship or an increased overjet (> 4 mm) following fixed appliance-based orthodontics using a novel measurement tool. Materials and methods The Orthodontic Alignment Index (OAI) was developed and validated using a panel of 63 raters. The new index accounts for a range of weighted features including contact point displacement, spacing, reciprocal rotations, inclination, angulation and vertical discrepancy. A retrospective cohort study was undertaken at the Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London. Recruitment took place over a 4-year period. All participants had removable retainers in the maxillary arch only. The stability of maxillary anterior teeth was assessed using Little’s Irregularity Index (LII) and the OAI. Subjects were recruited at least 12 months following completion of dual-arch fixed appliance-based treatment. Results Eighty-two participants were included with a positive correlation observed between LII and OAI at the 12-month post-treatment review with a 1-mm increase in LII associated with a 2-point increase in the OAI (P

This article reports the effect of the Myobrace® appliances-prefabricated functional appliance, with tooth positioning and myofunctional training characteristics -, for the effective early treatment of a developing malocclusion -Class II, division 1 incisor relationship- in the mixed dentition. The use of these appliances is greatly dependent on the patient’s compliance and they simplify the fixed appliance phase. We present a case report of a developing malocclusion in late mixed dentition stage which was intercepted successfully using this appliances, k1 for 6 months and k2 for 10 months.

Background: It is thought that achieving a normal overjet may help to stabilise the alignment of the maxillary anterior dentition. Little's Irregularity Index is limited in assessing discrete post-orthodontic changes, fails to account for reciprocal rotations and is not sensitive to dental changes in three planes. A more holistic tool for the assessment of post-treatment change is therefore required. Aim: To compare the post-treatment stability of maxillary anterior dental alignment in subjects treated either to a Class I incisor relationship or an increased overjet (> 4 mm) following fixed appliance-based orthodontics using a novel measurement tool. Materials and methods: The Orthodontic Alignment Index (OAI) was developed and validated using a panel of 63 raters. The new index accounts for a range of weighted features including contact point displacement, spacing, reciprocal rotations, inclination, angulation and vertical discrepancy. A retrospective cohort study was undertaken at the Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London. Recruitment took place over a 4-year period. All participants had removable retainers in the maxillary arch only. The stability of maxillary anterior teeth was assessed using Little's Irregularity Index (LII) and the OAI. Subjects were recruited at least 12 months following completion of dual-arch fixed appliance-based treatment. Results: Eighty-two participants were included with a positive correlation observed between LII and OAI at the 12-month post-treatment review with a 1-mm increase in LII associated with a 2-point increase in the OAI (P < 0.001). Limited relapse was observed in both groups: normal overjet group (OAI = 1.28; LII = 0.52); residual overjet group (OAI = 0.88; LII = 0.47). Median regression analysis failed to identify a significant association between an increased overjet at debond and the alignment of the maxillary anterior segment when assessed with OAI (P = 0.389) and LII (P = 0.577). Furthermore, age, gender, extraction protocols and retention regime were not predictive of post-treatment change. Conclusions: Using a novel index (OAI) and LII, there was limited post-treatment relapse in alignment of the maxillary anterior dentition over a 12-month period. Based on this retrospective evaluation, achieving a normal overjet at the end of treatment may have little bearing on the post-treatment stability of maxillary anterior alignment at 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The curve of speeis very important in complete oral reconstructions and can be used as a reference for prosthetic and orthodontic reconstructions. This study assessed the curve of spee in the maxilla and mandible and its relationship with the overjet and overbite in classI, II, and III malocclusions in Iranian population. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 75 pairs of dental casts with permanent dental system and having second molars, available in the clinic of Khorasgan Azad University and private orthodontic offices were selected and divided into three groups of 25 based on malocclusion I, II, and III.Materials & Methods:In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 75 pairs of dental casts with permanent dental system and having second molars, available in the clinic of Khorasgan Azad University and private orthodontic offices were selected and divided into three groups of 25 based on malocclusion I, II and III. The radius and depth of curve of spee were obtained. Radius of the curve of spee, the tip of caninecusps, the mesiobuccal of the first molars, and the distobuccal cusps of the second molars were joined together in the form of an arch. To measure the depth of curve of spee, the reference plan was drawn from buccal canine cusp to distobuccal cusp of the second molars. The perpendicular lines were drawn from this line to the edge of the premolars cusp, the first molar and the second molar mesiobuccal cusp and the deepest part was regarded for the measurements. Overjet was measured as an average of 6 upper anterior teeth and overbite as an average of 4 anterior lower teeth and the values of radius and depth of horseshoe curvature and overbite and overjet values were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey test and Correlation between data was also examined by Pearson correlation coefficient test (p value = 0.05).Results:In class II malocclusion, overbite values had a significant relationship with radius (p value = 0.02) and depth of the curve of spee(p value = 0.04), in class III malocclusion, overbite values had a significant relationship with the curve of spee (p value = 0.001) had. In class II malocclusion, the curve of spee was deeper and overbite values were higher, and also in the class III malocclusions, a direct relationship existed between the curve of spee and overbite.Conclusion:Curve of spee effects the values of overjet and overbite, and the presence of increased overbite results from a deep spee curvature

Background: We investigated the relationship between the mandibular Curve of Spee (COS) and a persisting primary second mandibular molar (ppM2) due to an agenesis of the second mandibular premolar, using a digital software technique. Methods: Digital dental casts were obtained from 200 patients at the Department of Orthodontics in Innsbruck and Vienna, Austria. Patients (age-, gender-, and malocclusion-matched) were equally divided into two groups (n = 100) according to the existence of a ppM2. COS depth, overjet, overbite, and angle-classification were measured digitally using the OnyxCeph3TM (version 3.2.147) software. ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze relationships. For statistical analyses, p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant, p < 0.01 as highly significant. Results were visualized with box plots and bar charts. Results: The deepest COS was present in patients with a ppM2. Furthermore, a positive correlation was shown between COS depth and angle-class II, between COS depth and age, as well as between COS depth and overbite. No gender differences could be observed. Conclusions: In our study population the COS depth was dependent on whether there is a ppM2 due to an agenesis of a second mandibular premolar or not, as well as on the malocclusion in sagittal direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracting a single lower front tooth can be an appropriate treatment for class I malocclusions when the alignment of the upper teeth is normal and there is an adequate overlap of the teeth. This approach is particularly effective in cases of significant crowding in the lower front teeth, especially when the space deficiency exceeds 4-5 mm and the combined width of the lower front teeth surpasses 83 mm. It is also a viable option for malocclusions resulting from discrepancies in tooth size, such as narrower upper front teeth or larger lower front teeth. Research suggests that this method leads to better post-treatment stability compared to the conventional approach of premolar extraction. The success of this treatment is contingent upon meticulous diagnosis, comprehensive planning, and the expertise of the orthodontic professional. This method not only addresses specific issues of space and alignment but also provides a more stable and predictable long-term outcome for patients with these particular orthodontic challenges., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shinde et al.)

The study herein evaluated and compared the efficacy of Clear Aligners (CA) and Twin-Block (TB) appliances as the early orthodontic treatments of developing class II division 1 malocclusion. Twenty-four patients each for CA (11.73 ± 0.33 y) and TB (11.87 ± 0.34 y) groups were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cephalometric X-rays and intraoral photos were taken for the patients after nearly 12 months of treatment. Treatment impacts were evaluated by the molar correction and overjet reduction. The vertical and sagittal changes were analyzed through cephalometric measurements. Sella-nasion-point B angle (SNB), point A-nasion-point B angle (ANB), Wits Appraisal (AO-BO) and overjet were statistically significant regarding the sagittal changes analyzed before and after the treatments in both groups, respectively. So, no significant difference was noted in the sagittal changes between CA and TB groups. However, for the vertical changes, OP (occlusal plane) angle of CA group and OP angle, AFH (anterior facial height) and PFH (posterior facial height) of TB group were statistically significant. Moreover, the Z angle and cranial facial difficulty (C.F. difficulty) were also statistically significant in both groups. Class II children with retrognathic mandible are effectively treated by employing the CA, which has almost the same impact as of TB in sagittal and vertical changes. Resultantly, the patient profile is improved. The CA and TB treatments thus minimize the subsequent treatment difficulty by reducing the C.F. difficulty., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2024 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.)

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the changes in overjet and overbite measurements achieved in adolescent patients following an initial series of Invisalign® aligners (Align Technology, San Jose, California) with those planned by orthodontists via its ClinCheck® digital treatment planning facility., Methods: Data provided by Align regarding patients who had completed an initial series of Invisalign® aligner treatment and were less than 18-years old were assessed in relation to pre-treatment, planned and achieved overjet and overbite measurements. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank-sum, Mann Whitney calculations were computed., Results: A total of 290 patients satisfied inclusion criteria. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 14.17 (13,15.42) years. The median achieved overjet and overbite changes were less than those planned (p<0.01) with 53.33% of the planned median overjet increase achieved and 52.94% of planned median overjet reduction achieved. Additionally, 58.33% of the planned median overbite increase was achieved and 55.55% of the planned median overbite reduction was achieved. A total of 21.52% patients recorded no change or an increase from pre-treatment to the achieved overjet where reduction was planned, whereas 41.67% recorded no change or a reduction in overjet where increase was planned. A total of 18.72% recorded no change or an increase in overbite where reduction was planned, whereas 20.75% recorded no change or a reduction in overbite where increase was planned., Conclusions: Less than 60% of the planned overjet and overbite changes per patient were achieved. Between 18.72 and 41.67% of patients experienced no change or changes in overjet and overbite in the opposite direction to that planned. This is likely to be clinically significant., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To three-dimensionally evaluate the position and morphology of the TMJ in skeletal Class I with variable degrees of overbite and overjet in comparison with normal peers., Methods: Pretreatment CBCT scans of 126 adults were retrieved. Based on the severity of overjet and overbite, the sample was divided into three main groups and six subgroups (18 patients each): the first group with a normal overbite and variable overjet degree and the second group with normal overjet and variable overbite degree. These six subgroups were compared with a third control group of normal overjet and overbite., Results: There were significant differences in vertical condylar position, vertical and anteroposterior condylar inclinations, condylar height, and significant posterior condylar positioning in severe deep overbite, compared with the control group., Conclusion: There were significant changes in the TMJ components in severe deep overbite cases. Therefore, sever deep overbite could be considered a predisposing factor for temporomandibular disorders.

Background: Untreated malocclusion can lead to compromised aesthetic function, depression, and low self-esteem. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental malocclusion in Najran, Saudi Arabia as no data existed before. Method: This was a retrospective study analyzing the casts of all patients in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, seeking orthodontic management for malocclusion between 2017 and 2019. Measurements: The consultant orthodontist is the single investigator involved in collecting the details of demographics followed by molar relationships, overjet, overbite, crowding and spacing using digital caliper on each dental cast. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for IOS Version 25 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: A total of 326 patients sought treatment for different types of malocclusion. There were 143 males and 183 females with an M:F ratio of 1:1.3. Age ranged from 6 to 55 years with a mean SD of 22.6 ± 8.98. The prevalence for Class I, II and III malocclusions at 95% CI was (0.76 (0.757, 0.774)), 0.251 (0.243, 0.260) and 0.529 (0.519, 0.539) respectively. Fifty-one (15.6%) patients had reversed overjet, 65 (19.9%) reduced overjet, and 86 (26.4%) increased overjet. One hundred and sixty-four (50.3%) cases of reduced overbite and 99 (30.4%) cases of deep overbite were also observed. Tooth size arch length discrepancy were noticed with crowding and spacing in 83 (26.4%) and 71 (21.8%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: This study has shown the prevalence of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion to be 72.7%, 11.6% and 15.6% respectively. Increased over jet and crowding was demonstrated in more patients, though it is not statistically significant.

Background: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion. Materials & methods:A total of 1000 subjects were enrolled. The age of subjects was between 11-33 years. The molar relationship was recorded according to Angle's classification as class I, II, or III. The data were analyzed with the SPSS software. Results: A total of 1000 subjects were enrolled. Normal occlusion was seen in 75% of the examined population whereas Angle's class I, II, III malocclusion were present in 14%, 8%, and 3%, respectively. The difference in malocclusion was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of normal occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This study aimed to verify the efficacy of two elastodontic devices in overjet (OJ) and overbite (OB) reduction during treatment with the Equilibrator Series II (Eptamed) and Occlus-o-Guide (Sweden & Martina) devices. Method Sixty patients aged 7–15 years were enrolled in the study, and were divided into test and control groups. The test group included 30 patients (14 males, 16 females; mean age, 10.66 ± 2.12 years) treated with the EQ (Equilibrator) Series II. The control group included 30 patients (15 males, 15 females; mean age, 10.76 ± 2.52 years) treated with the Occlus-o-Guide. The two groups exhibited the same orthodontic features. The orthodontic criteria were: skeletal and dental class II malocclusion (divisions 1 and 2); and the presence of OJ and OB. Evaluation of OJ and OB was performed at two timepoints: T0 (before starting therapy) and T1 (after 1 year). Results At T0, OJ and OB were similar for the two groups; however, at T1, both OJ and OB were significantly lower with the Eptamed device compared to the Occlus-o-Guide device (p = 0.0019). Conclusions Elastodontic devices improve orthodontic outcomes by aiding orthodontic patient management, diagnosis, and treatment planning, reducing the risk relapse acting on the whole organism and the rehabilitation of the tongue.

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The curve of spee is very important in complete oral reconstructions and can be used as a reference for prosthetic and orthodontic reconstructions. This study assessed the curve of spee in the maxilla and mandible and its relationship with the overjet and overbite in class I, II, and III malocclusions in Iranian population. In this descriptive cross- sectional study, 75 pairs of dental casts with permanent dental system and having second molars, available in the clinic of Khorasgan Azad University and private orthodontic offices were selected and divided into three groups of 25 based on malocclusion I, II, and III. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross- sectional study, 75 pairs of dental casts with permanent dental system and having second molars, available in the clinic of Khorasgan Azad University and private orthodontic offices were selected and divided into three groups of 25 based on malocclusion I, II and III. The radius and depth of curve of spee were obtained. Radius of the curve of spee, the tip of canine cusps, the mesiobuccal of the first molars, and the distobuccal cusps of the second molars were joined together in the form of an arch. To measure the depth of curve of spee, the reference plan was drawn from buccal canine cusp to distobuccal cusp of the second molars. The perpendicular lines were drawn from this line to the edge of the premolars cusp, the first molar and the second molar mesiobuccal cusp and the deepest part was regarded for the measurements. Overjet was measured as an average of 6 upper anterior teeth and overbite as an average of 4 anterior lower teeth and the values of radius and depth of horseshoe curvature and overbite and overjet values were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey test and Correlation between data was also examined by Pearson correlation coefficient test (p value = 0.05). Results: In class II malocclusion, overbite values had a significant relationship with radius (p value = 0.02) and depth of the curve of spee (p value = 0.04), in class III malocclusion, overbite values had a significant relationship with the curve of spee (p value = 0.001) had. In class II malocclusion, the curve of spee was deeper and overbite values were higher, and also in the class III malocclusions, a direct relationship existed between the curve of spee and overbite. Conclusion: Curve of spee effects the values of overjet and overbite, and the presence of increased overbite results from a deep spee curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the risk factors related to permanent maxillary incisors and soft tissue injuries along with providing information about the age distribution of trauma, overjet, lip competence and physical activity. Methods and Materials: The sample consisted of 2100 school children aged 8–14 years from 15 schools in the Nellore district. The sample was selected adopting a stratified random sampling method and screened applying WHO criteria for the oral examination. The screening was done in classrooms to obtain demographic data, including name, age, gender and children's experience to the maxillary incisor and soft tissue injuries. The injuries were categorized according to Andreasen classification. Overjet and lip competences were recorded, and physical activity was assessed using a questionnaire (PAQ-C). Results: Of the 2100 children, 228 (10.8%) had suffered traumatic injuries. Boys were 1.6 fold more prone to trauma than girls. Enamel fractures were a common type of trauma, and the commonly involved were maxillary central incisors. The relative risk for trauma is 1.215 times higher in increased overjet when compared to normal overjet. Incompetent lips showed 1.189 times greater risk of trauma. The high physical activity showed 1.692 times higher risk for trauma when compared to low physical activity. Conclusion: The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries among 8-14 year children was 10.8%. Boys were more commonly injured than girls. Increased overjet incompetent lips and high physical activities are risk factors for trauma. Enamel fracture was the most common type, and maxillary central incisors were the most common teeth having traumatic injuries.

Introduction: Tooth wear (attrition) is a multifactorial entity, the pathogenesis of which involves many factors but the role of malocclusion cannot be undermined. Overjet and overbite play an important role in defining occlusion, hence they should also play an important role in causing attrition. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relationship of dental health status between the vertical and horizontal overlap. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 600 patients selected randomly from rural population which were divided into three equal groups as per the predefined criteria, namely, horizontal overlap, vertical overlap, and control group. All patients were examined for the tooth attrition. Results: In Group 1 – 73 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, in Group 2 – 38 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, and in the control group, 22 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition. Conclusion: It was concluded that both vertical and horizontal abnormal relationships of teeth play an important role in the etiology of attrition, with abnormal horizontal overlap being the more detrimental as compared to the vertical one.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this longitudinal prospective study was to evaluate if schoolchildren with large overjet experience a greater risk of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) compared to children with normal or small overjet. Methods A sample of children aged 6‑13 years was prospectively evaluated after 1 year: from the initial sample, data concerning trauma cases of 1413 children were collected to determine the number and types of injuries, the influence of overjet on the risk of TDI, and the relationships between trauma, age, and gender. Results The observed prevalence of trauma was higher for boys, with the largest frequency between the ages of 8 to 12 years: 67.9% of all injuries were hard tissue injuries and 32.1% subluxation and luxation injuries. Children with an overjet of 6 mm or more showed a statistically increased risk of getting trauma [RR = 3.37 with CI (1.81; 6.27)]. Conclusion In this prospective study, overjet stood out among variables as the most significant risk factor of TDI: an increased overjet of 6 mm or more had a major impact on the risk of trauma, which would speak in favor of early orthodontic correction of an increased overjet to reduce the prevalence of dental trauma

Abstract Background There is relatively little appreciation of the changes in maxillary-mandibular relationships occurring during adolescence among subjects with normal and increased overjet. The aim of this study was to assess differences in changes in maxillo-mandibular relationships during the adolescent growth period based on the presence of a normal ( 4 mm) overjet in childhood. Our hypothesis was that there is no difference in the change of the A point, nasion, B point (ANB) angle during growth between these two overjet groups. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from 65 subjects taken from the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (AAOF) Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collections Project. Cephalograms were obtained at ages 7–10 (T0) and 14–17 (T1) with allocation into two groups based on baseline overjet (> 4 mm: group 1, 2-4 mm: group 2). Random effects linear regression was used to account for multiple within -patient measurements with dependent variables including antero-posterior skeletal pattern (based on sella, nasion, A point (SNA); sella, nasion, B point (SNB); and ANB angles). Results We included a similar number of males (n = 34; 52.3%) and females (n = 31; 47.7%). The mean ANB was higher at baseline in group 1 (5.42, SD 2.16°) than in group 2 (3.08, SD 1.91°). The hypothesis was rejected as the ANB angle reduced by 1.92° more in the larger overjet group with the association being statistically significant after accounting for age and gender (P < 0.001; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.77). No significant gender-related effect (P = 0.624; 95% CI − 0.637 to 1.07) was observed overall. However, there was no significant increase in SNA angle in the > 4 mm overjet group compared to the 2–4 mm group (0.857°, P = 0.271; 95% CI − 0.669 to 2.383). The SNB angle increased by 1.15° more in the higher overjet group but there was only weak evidence of an association (P = 0.086; 95% CI − 2.464 to 0.164). Conclusions A slight straightening of the facial profile was observed in both groups with a statistically significant greater reduction in ANB arising in the group with larger baseline overjet. This translated into a marginal reduction in the overjet in this group.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the mean overjet in school-going Libyan children and to examine the relationship between increased overjet and permanent incisor's trauma. Materials and Methods: This study is a part of a cross-sectional investigation of aspects of dental health of 2015 school going Libyan children aged between 6 and 16 years old of both genders from both rural and urban areas. Overjet was measured as the horizontal distance in millimetres between the upper and lower incisors. Trauma to permanent incisors was assessed according to Elli's Classification. Results: SPSS version 20.0 for percentages was used for statistical analysis. The relationship between increased overjet and incisor trauma was tested using the Chi-square test at 0.05 significance level. The overjet measurement ranged from -2 mm to 8 mm with the mean overjet of 3.062 (1.23, SD). The prevalence of incisor trauma was statistically significantly higher in children with increased overjet (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The average mean overjet value in Libyan children is between 2 mm and 3 mm and below or above these values, considered decreased or increased, respectively. Traumatic injuries to permanent incisors significantly increased with increased overjet.

Introduction: The articular eminence and condyle-fossa relationship reflects a secondary growth site and the morphology appears to be influenced by determinants of occlusal morphology which are subject to genetic variation of dentoalveolar bone metabolism. The Hypothesis: the articular eminence of the TMJ inclination is a function of sagittal, vertical and transverse determinants of occlusal morphology and therefore it may be possible to influence modeling of the articular eminence with orthodontic treatment at least in a transient way. Evaluation of the Hypothesis: The morphology of the articular eminence, dentoalveolar bone remodeling rates associated with IL-Beta and determinants of occlusal morphology are considered with respect to the etiology of articular disc displacement and internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.

Aim: (1) To apply the quadrilateral analysis to adult male and female Chennai population with normal occlusion, (2) To compare the results to Chennai adult male and female with anterior openbite, (3) To evaluate the correlation of the quadrilateral variables and (4) To establish additional parameters to determine an openbite tendency. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out from the values taken from 120 pretreatment lateral cephalograms of the selected Chennai population and divided into two groups. Group A consists of 60 lateral cephalograms of 30 male and 30 female patients with balanced anteroposterior and vertical facial proportion and normal overjet and overbite relationship. Group B consists of 60 lateral cephalograms of 30 male and 30 female patients with anterior openbite and comparision done with 2 groups. Results in normal subjects the lower facial heights are equal. In anterior openbite subjects. The facial heights. The sagittal angle. The maxillary and mandibular sagittal ratios. Lower facial height and sagittal ratio is larger than normal. Results: statistical analysis performed with Version 23(SPSS) and Student's t test were done to describe the mean and standard deviation. To assess the relationship pearson correlation was used.The probability value of 0.05 is consdered as significant. Conclusion: The malformation of the craniofacial structure in anterior openbite subjects resides in the maxillomandibular complex. The overbite depth indicator, the sagittal angle, the maxillary, and mandibular sagittal ratio can be additional parameters in determining an openbite tendency.

Class II malocclusion is a recurrent problem that may occur at a young age. If treated initially, the malocclusion can be corrected by redirecting the growth without invasive modalities and avoiding orthognathic surgeries. A female patient aged 10 years three months came to the department of orthodontics having a complaint of upper front teeth placed forwardly, diagnosed with skeletal class II due to retrusive mandible and vertical maxillary excess with hyper divergent growth pattern with increased anterior facial height, with Angle's molar class II division 1 malocclusion, increased overjet of 13 mm and overbite of 7 mm, acute nasolabial angle, deep mentolabial sulcus, and hyperactive mentalis. It was treated using an activator with medium-high-pull headgear (modified Herren activator) passing through the maxillary center of resistance. A fixed mechanotherapy with high-pull headgear was given using the anterior inclined plane acrylic plate in the maxilla and McLaughlin, Bennett, and Trevisi (MBT). Begg's wrap was used for the retention plan. This case report shows the significance of proper treatment results obtained due to correct identification and planning in treating malocclusion. This case report shows the significance of proper treatment results obtained due to correct identification and planning in treating malocclusion., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Agrawal et al.)

Malocclusion is defined as any deviation from the ideal occlusal positions and the position of the specific teeth. Those that are common are numerous and affect a patient's stomatology and dental structures in appearance and utility. Class I is the most common type and favors the anterior relationship of both jaws, which lies between the second and third quartiles. Its cause is still unknown at the moment. It is even more frequent than usual occlusion. Class I malocclusion with an overjet of upper incisors less than 4 mm accompanied by type 2 of Dewey's modification also displays protruded upper incisors and a deep overbite. This case report's focus is to provide an extensive evaluation of the diagnostic process, management plan, and outcome for a patient who had presented with this specific dental abnormality and simultaneous intrusion and retraction mechanics for an anterior segment with Kalra Simultaneous Intrusion and Retraction (K-SIR) loops., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Chouksey et al.)

Purpose: To compare the long-term outcome quality (≥ 15 years) of Class II:1 treatment using either a bionator (BIO) or a Herbst-multibracket appliance (HMB)., Methods: Patients who underwent functional treatment during the ideal treatment period for the respective approach (prepuberty vs. peak/postpeak) were assessed. Inclusion criteria were overjet ≥ 4 mm, skeletal Class II and availability of study casts from before, after and ≥ 15 years after treatment. The study casts were assessed using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and standard orthodontic cast measurements., Results: During treatment, PAR score, overjet and sagittal occlusal relationship improved significantly in all groups. Long-term, there was a significant increase of incisor irregularity in the upper (HMB) and lower (BIO) arch and a significant decrease of lower arch width 3 - 3 (BIO). PAR score, overjet, and sagittal occlusal relationship remained stable long-term. Intergroup comparisons revealed significant differences between the BIO and HMB groups in terms of lower arch width (6 - 6), upper and lower arch width (3 + 3/3 - 3) as well as sagittal molar relationship., Conclusions: The achieved improvement in PAR score, overjet, and sagittal occlusion remained comparably stable long-term in all groups. The long-term changes are probably a consequence of natural aging., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of dental trauma (DT) and its associated factors in 9- to 14-year-olds.Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out through clinical examination of the permanent incisors and canines of 907 schoolchildren (9 to 14 years old, average age = 11 ± 0.5 [SD] years, 55% female and 45% male) enrolled in 20 public schools in Isfahan, Iran. The demographic data, history and cause of trauma were recorded during patient interviews and with a structured questionnaire filled in by their parents. The overjet, lip coverage, and visible signs of DT (permanent incisors only, similar to the classification used by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994, NHANES III) were recorded. DT in permanent canines were also recorded.Results: Approximately 36% (n = 325) recalled the occurrence of dental trauma, but only 23.8% (n = 216) of children had visible signs of dental trauma to the permanent incisors (girls [18.8%], boys [29.9%], OR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.40- 0.74; p = 0.000). The maxillary central incisors were commonly injured (69.5%). The most frequent types of injuries were the enamel fracture (59.0%), craze lines (16.3%), and enamel and dentin fracture (13.4%). Tooth avulsion was seen in 0.7%. No significant association was found between dental trauma and increased overjet of > 3 mm (p = 0.328), but a tendency was identified for overjet > 5 mm (OR = 1.51; 95% CI 0.89-2.58; p = 0.060). The relationship between DT and lip coverage was statistically significant (OR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.18-2.25; p = 0.003). Violence (30%) and fall (22.7%) were the main causes of DT.Conclusion: The prevalence of DT in permanent incisors was high (23.8%) and significantly lower in girls. The association between DT and lip coverage was significant. There was no association between DT and increased overjet of > 3 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the anterior Bolton ratio for a Finnish adult population and to investigate its associations with overjet. This study is part of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Clinical oral investigations, including three-dimensional intraoral scanning and registration of occlusion, were performed in connection with the 46-year follow-up for 1,961 subjects. Subjects with normal occlusion (n = 149), extreme overjet ≥ 8 mm (n = 49), large overjet 6–7 mm (n = 86), and negative overjet (n = 16) and no orthodontic treatment history were selected for further analysis. The mesiodistal widths were measured from canine to canine to evaluate the anterior Bolton ratio. A mean anterior Bolton ratio of 78.6 (SD 3.1) was found for the normal occlusion group. Subjects with extreme overjet had smaller Bolton ratios compared to the normal occlusion group and the negative overjet group (p =.005, p =.019, respectively). Overjet deviations were associated with upper canine and incisor widths. The mean anterior Bolton ratio in subjects with normal occlusion was larger compared to the original Bolton ratio. Tooth size discrepancy was associated with extreme and negative overjet at population level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Untreated malocclusion can lead to compromised aesthetic function, depression, and low self-esteem. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental malocclusion in Najran, Saudi Arabia as no data existed before. This was a retrospective study analyzing the casts of all patients in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, seeking orthodontic management for malocclusion between 2017 and 2019. The consultant orthodontist is the single investigator involved in collecting the details of demographics followed by molar relationships, overjet, overbite, crowding and spacing using digital caliper on each dental cast. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for IOS Version 25 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. A total of 326 patients sought treatment for different types of malocclusion. There were 143 males and 183 females with an M:F ratio of 1:1.3. Age ranged from 6 to 55 years with a mean SD of 22.6 ± 8.98. The prevalence for Class I, II and III malocclusions at 95% CI was (0.76 (0.757, 0.774)), 0.251 (0.243, 0.260) and 0.529 (0.519, 0.539) respectively. Fifty-one (15.6%) patients had reversed overjet, 65 (19.9%) reduced overjet, and 86 (26.4%) increased overjet. One hundred and sixty-four (50.3%) cases of reduced overbite and 99 (30.4%) cases of deep overbite were also observed. Tooth size arch length discrepancy were noticed with crowding and spacing in 83 (26.4%) and 71 (21.8%) patients, respectively. This study has shown the prevalence of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion to be 72.7%, 11.6% and 15.6% respectively. Increased over jet and crowding was demonstrated in more patients, though it is not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the risk factors related to permanent maxillary incisors and soft tissue injuries along with providing information about the age distribution of trauma, overjet, lip competence and physical activity.Methods and Materials: The sample consisted of 2100 school children aged 8-14 years from 15 schools in the Nellore district. The sample was selected adopting a stratified random sampling method and screened applying WHO criteria for the oral examination. The screening was done in classrooms to obtain demographic data, including name, age, gender and children's experience to the maxillary incisor and soft tissue injuries. The injuries were categorized according to Andreasen classification. Overjet and lip competences were recorded, and physical activity was assessed using a questionnaire (PAQ-C).Results: Of the 2100 children, 228 (10.8%) had suffered traumatic injuries. Boys were 1.6 fold more prone to trauma than girls. Enamel fractures were a common type of trauma, and the commonly involved were maxillary central incisors. The relative risk for trauma is 1.215 times higher in increased overjet when compared to normal overjet. Incompetent lips showed 1.189 times greater risk of trauma. The high physical activity showed 1.692 times higher risk for trauma when compared to low physical activity.Conclusion: The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries among 8-14 year children was 10.8%. Boys were more commonly injured than girls. Increased overjet incompetent lips and high physical activities are risk factors for trauma. Enamel fracture was the most common type, and maxillary central incisors were the most common teeth having traumatic injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We investigated the relationship between the mandibular Curve of Spee (COS) and a persisting primary second mandibular molar (ppM2) due to an agenesis of the second mandibular premolar, using a digital software technique. Methods: Digital dental casts were obtained from 200 patients at the Department of Orthodontics in Innsbruck and Vienna, Austria. Patients (age-, gender-, and malocclusion-matched) were equally divided into two groups (n = 100) according to the existence of a ppM2. COS depth, overjet, overbite, and angle-classification were measured digitally using the OnyxCeph3TM (version 3.2.147) software. ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze relationships. For statistical analyses, p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant, p < 0.01 as highly significant. Results were visualized with box plots and bar charts. Results: The deepest COS was present in patients with a ppM2. Furthermore, a positive correlation was shown between COS depth and angle-class II, between COS depth and age, as well as between COS depth and overbite. No gender differences could be observed. Conclusions: In our study population the COS depth was dependent on whether there is a ppM2 due to an agenesis of a second mandibular premolar or not, as well as on the malocclusion in sagittal direction.

Introduction: Tooth wear (attrition) is a multifactorial entity, the pathogenesis of which involves many factors but the role of malocclusion cannot be undermined. Overjet and overbite play an important role in defining occlusion, hence they should also play an important role in causing attrition. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relationship of dental health status between the vertical and horizontal overlap. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 600 patients selected randomly from rural population which were divided into three equal groups as per the predefined criteria, namely, horizontal overlap, vertical overlap, and control group. All patients were examined for the tooth attrition. Results: In Group 1 - 73 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, in Group 2 - 38 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, and in the control group, 22 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition. Conclusion: It was concluded that both vertical and horizontal abnormal relationships of teeth play an important role in the etiology of attrition, with abnormal horizontal overlap being the more detrimental as compared to the vertical one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dentists are often questioned on whether playing a wind musical instrument can adversely affect dental occlusion. This study compared the occlusal characteristics in wind instrument players (WIPs) and non-WIPs. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study comprising a group of fifty males aged 18–45 years that had been playing wind instruments for a minimum of 2 years, whereas the control group were non-WIPs in the same environment. All the participants had full complement of dentition. The occlusal characteristics of overjet, overbite, anterior open bite and Little's irregularity were assessed for both groups. Excellent intra-examiner reliability was observed (Cronbach's alpha – 0.997). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 17 was used for data analysis, and statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The number of years of playing wind musical instrument ranged from 2 to 25 years. The mean overjet was 3.46 ± 1.49 mm and 3.18 ± 1.27 mm in the WIP and non-WIP groups, respectively (P > 0.05). The maxillary anterior segment showed statistically significantly higher Little's Irregularity Index score in the WIP group (3.18 ± 3.73 mm) than that in the non-WIP group (1.87 ± 2.21 mm) (P < 0.05). The maxillary Little's Irregularity Index score in trumpet and trombone players (3.55 ± 3.93 mm) was significantly higher than that in saxophone and clarinet players (1.69 ± 2.39 mm). Both the maxillary and mandibular anterior-segment alignments were neither influenced by the number of years nor the frequency of play. Conclusions: Playing wind musical instruments significantly affects the maxillary anterior-segment alignment.

Background: This study aimed to verify the efficacy of two elastodontic devices in overjet (OJ) and overbite (OB) reduction during treatment with the Equilibrator Series II (Eptamed) and Occlus-o-Guide (Sweden & Martina) devices. Method: Sixty patients aged 7–15 years were enrolled in the study, and were divided into test and control groups. The test group included 30 patients (14 males, 16 females; mean age, 10.66 ± 2.12 years) treated with the EQ (Equilibrator) Series II. The control group included 30 patients (15 males, 15 females; mean age, 10.76 ± 2.52 years) treated with the Occlus-o-Guide. The two groups exhibited the same orthodontic features. The orthodontic criteria were: skeletal and dental class II malocclusion (divisions 1 and 2); and the presence of OJ and OB. Evaluation of OJ and OB was performed at two timepoints: T0 (before starting therapy) and T1 (after 1 year). Results: At T0, OJ and OB were similar for the two groups; however, at T1, both OJ and OB were significantly lower with the Eptamed device compared to the Occlus-o-Guide device (p = 0.0019). Conclusions: Elastodontic devices improve orthodontic outcomes by aiding orthodontic patient management, diagnosis, and treatment planning, reducing the risk relapse acting on the whole organism and the rehabilitation of the tongue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Facial asymmetries and dento-skeletal deformities are the result of complex interaction of variable factors which influence development and growth. Etiology of asymmetry includes genetic and congenital malformations, e.g., hemifacial microsomia, unilateral clefts of the lip/palate; environmental factors, like Intra -uterine pressure during pregnancy and significant pressure in the birth canal during parturition;trauma and infection; functional deviations. Dental asymmetries and varied types of functional deviations can be treated orthodontically whereas significant structural facial asymmetries are not easily amenable to orthodontic treatment. Such problems may require orthopaedic correction during growth period and/or surgical intervention at later stages. The present case report shows a patient of facial asymmetry with deviated face towards right side and dissatisfaction with his facial appearance. Treatment consisted of three phases: pre-surgical orthodontics, surgical phase and post-surgical orthodontics. With this, the asymmetric mandible and retrognathism was eliminated the patient's facial asymmetry was much improved. Normal functional occlusion was established with normal anterior overjet and overbite and treatment was completed in 36 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]