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The objective of this work was to determine the ovarian morphometric differences and oocyte production in 232 pregnant and non-pregnant commercial Brahman zebu cattle. The ovarian morphometric variables evaluated were: weight, volume, width and length, number of visible follicles (NFV) ≤ 4mm, > 4mm, follicular fluid volume of visible follicles (VFFFV) ≤ 4mm and > 4mm, corpus luteum (CL) width and length, and number of oocytes collected (NOC). The study was supported by descriptive statistics, normality of data, Mann-Whitney U test. The results show that the distribution of weight, volume, width and length of both the right and left ovary are different (p<0.05) for the pregnant and non-pregnant states, with the right ovary being superior. The indicators NFV ≤ 4mm, > 4mm, VFFFV ≤ 4mm and > 4mm, Protruded CL width and length (mm), and NOC ≤ 4mm by quality grade are not affected by gestational or non-gestational status nor whether it is left or right ovary (p>0.05). Finally, despite the significant difference in some parameters evaluated, it cannot be statistically concluded in general terms that there is greater activity in the right or left ovary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo objetivou relatar um caso de cistos ovarianos em uma cadela. Uma cadela da raça Maltês, seis anos de idade, foi atendida em uma clínica veterinária particular com histórico de cio persistente há quarenta dias. O exame físico revelou secreção sero-hemorrágica e aumento de volume vulvar. Foram solicitados hemograma e ultrassonografia. A ultrassonografia revelou ovários com presença de estruturas circulares com conteúdo anecoico, imagens compatíveis com ovários policísticos. Em base ao histórico e os achados clínicos e ultrassonográficos foi recomendada a castração. A paciente foi submetida a ovariosalpingohisterectomia e ficou internada por 48 horas para o acompanhamento do pós-operatório. Após sete dias a cadela retornou à clínica para retirar os pontos e apresentava uma excelente recuperação. O diagnóstico de cistos ovarianos abrange a adequada avaliação clínica do animal, com anamnese e exame físico consistentes, bem como o diagnóstico preliminar por imagem, sendo a ultrassonografia dos ovários o exame mais adequado. Embora a ovariosalpingohisterectomia seja o tratamento de eleição, existem outras opções disponíveis para situações em que há o interesse reprodutivo. Ressalta-se a necessidade de mais estudos a respeito dessa patologia, uma vez que a literatura disponível ainda é limitada.

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del Benzoato de estradiol (BE) combinado con un implante intravaginal de progesterona sobre la sincronización del celo y la ovulación en yeguas criadas en el trópico alto. Métodos: Se utilizaron 24 yeguas criollas, distribuidas en dos grupos: T1=10 mg y T2 =25 mg de benzoato de estradiol. Se valoró el desarrollo del folículo dominante (FD) post-tratamiento y los niveles de estradiol cada 48 horas hasta la aparición de una nueva onda de folicular. Luego se organizaron subgrupos en base al día de reinicio de la onda folicular en el tratamiento 1 (T1_4d y T1_6d) y tratamiento 2 (T2_4d y T2_10d). Resultados: Los valores medios del tamaño del FD en ambos tratamientos (T1 y T2) fueron similares hasta el día 4, y a partir de este día el FD fue decreciendo en T1; sin embargo, en T2 incremento su tamaño hasta el día 8, y luego inició el proceso de atresia. El reinicio de la onda folicular se produjo a los días 4 en el tratamiento 1 y en el tratamiento 2 en los días 4 y 10. El tiempo desde el retiro del implante a la ovulación fue similar en los subgrupos: (T1_4d) del tratamiento 1 y T2_4d del tratamiento 2, sin embargo, difieren de los otros dos subgrupos observados en T1 y T2. Conclusión: La utilización de 10 mg de benzoato de estradiol combinado con un implante de progesterona permite mejor la sincronización del reinicio de la onda folicular, en una ventana de tiempo entre 4-6 días pos-tratamiento (promedio 5 días).

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Aim. To evaluate the effect of estradiol benzoate (EB) and an intravaginal progesterone implant to synchronize the estrus and ovulation of the high tropics mares. Methods: A number of 24 creole mares were included in the study, distributed in two groups: T1=10 mg and T2 =25 mg of estradiol benzoate. The development of the dominant follicle (DF) was evaluated after the treatment, along with the levels of estradiol every 48 hours, until a new follicular wave occurred. Later, subgroups were arranged according to the start day of follicular wave occurrence during treatment 1 (T1_4d and T1_6d), and treatment 2 (T2_4d and T2_10d). Results: The mean DF size values in the two treatments (T1 and T2) were similar until day 4, then DF decreased gradually in T1, whereas T1 showed an increase until day 8, and the atresia process began. The restart of the follicular wave took place on the fourth day of treatment 1, and on the fourth and tenth days of treatment 2. The time between the withdrawal of the implant and ovulation was similar in the subgroups: (T1_4d) treatment 1 and T2_4d, treatment 2. However, they differed from the other two subgroups observed in T1 and T2. Conclusion: The utilization of 10 mg estradiol benzoate along with a progesterone implant enabled better synchronization of the beginning of the follicular wave in a 4-6 post-treatment-day window (averaging 5 days). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presentado en sesión de 22 de mayo de 1963

Aim. To compare the efficiency of the ultrasound and direct visual techniques for antral follicle counts, and the morphological characteristics of the ovaries of slaughtered heifers. Methods: A number of 102 ovary pairs from crossbred Holstein heifers collected postmortem were included. The study used the ultrasound and direct visual techniques to determine the size and weight of the ovaries, luteal body, and the number of <4 mm >4 mm antral follicles. A simple analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% were performed to compare the means of the variables pooled by phase of the estrus cycle and follicular wave. A two-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the two techniques and location of the ovarian structures (RO and LO). Additionally, the Pearson test was conducted to establish the correlation between the techniques. Results: The study found that the right ovary (RO) weighed 3.21 g more than the left ovary (LO). Besides, 86.27% of animals presented luteal body (LB) with a mean weight of 3.38 g. The size of ovaries, (LB), and > 4 mm antral follicle counts (AFC) performed through direct visual (Vis) and ultrasound (US) techniques were similar (P>0.05), with a high and significant correlation (r=0.75; P<0.001). However, the <4 mm AFC showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the techniques, whereas the correlation was low and non-significant. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a highly efficient tool to assess > 4 mm ovarian structures. However, the correct determination of smaller structures will depend on other additional factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presentado en sesión de 4 de junio de 1952

Presentado en sesión de noviembre de 1942

Presentado en la Sesión del 16 de Setiembre de 1931.

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências Veterinárias e Zoologia da Unipar is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The aromatic compounds of P. alliacea are a good alternative for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus resistant to acaricides; however, there are not reports evaluating the effect of these compounds on the reproductive system of R. microplus. Methodology. In the present work, the effect of the combination of three compounds: dibenzyl disulfide (63.1%), dibenzyl trisulfide (32.5%) and octadecenoic acid methyl ester (0.7%), on mortality and the oogenesis process was evaluated on Rhipicephalus microplus ticks resistant to acaricides. To evaluate the effects of this combination of compounds, the adult immersion test (AIT) was used, where mortality values, inhibition of oviposition and inhibition of hatching were obtained. Histopathology (HP) was used to evaluate the effect on oogenesis of the reproductive system. Results. In the AIT, non-significant mortalities (26.4 ± 9.8%) were obtained, high efficiency in percentages of oviposition inhibition (85.6 ± 3.7%) and moderate efficacy in the inhibition of hatching (57.0 ± 4.0%). In HP, the uteri of ticks subjected to immersion in the mixture of benzylsulfur compounds (1%) for one minute showed changes in the normal structure of their oocytes: morphological alterations that appear as deformed and heterogeneous cell masses. Implications. These compounds do not affect adult mortality; however, they have a high impact on larval progeny, breaking the R. microplus cycle. Conclusion. The mixture of the studied compounds exerts an inhibiting effect on the process of oogenesis in R. microplus, which is promising for the control of this ectoparasite.

Pentatomidae comprises a diverse group of stink bugs widely distributed in the Neotropical region. Many species are phytophagous and cause injuries to plants, and can thus be defined as agricultural pests. In this study, the anatomy of the female and male reproductive tracts of three important agricultural pests in Colombia is described: Piezodorus guildinii Westwood, 1837 and Chinavia ubica Rolston 1983, found on soybeans, and Oebalus insularis Stål, 1872, found in rice crops. For that, light microscopy techniques were used. The anatomy of the reproductive tract of sexually mature males of the three species studied consisted of a pair of testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory bulb, an ejaculatory duct that opens into an aedeagus, and paired accessory glands. The reproductive tract of females consisted of a pair of ovaries, each with seven telotrophic-meroistic ovarioles, a pair of lateral oviducts, common oviduct, spermatheca, and a genital chamber. Telotrophic ovarioles were comprised of terminal filament, tropharium, vitellarium, and pedicel. Differences in size, color, and position of structures along the reproductive tract were observed between the species examined. Reproductive biology of insects provides informative characters for behavioral and evolutionary studies, as well as useful data for pest control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of the study was to determine the volume, weight, measures, ovarian location and shape of the corpus luteum of pregnant and non - pregnant cows from zebu cows of the Colombian tropics. 528 reproductive tracts were collected; 264 pregnant and 264 non-pregnant of cows benefited at the local slaughterhouse in Monteria, Córdoba, Colombia. The period of collection of the samples was extended for three months. After collection of each reproductive tract, the ovaries were separated, identified as right and left, weighed and measured. Then the drawing of the location of the corpus luteum was performed on the ovary according to the anatomical planes previously established in the corresponding form. Subsequently the corpus luteum was removed to perform their measurements, weighings and visualization of their shape. There were statistical differences between the locations of the corpus luteum in the ovary: Anterior pole, posterior pole, free edge, upper face and lower face (p≤0.05). The weight and volume of gestational corpus luteum was greater by 30 and 27.9% than the corpus luteum of non-pregnant cows. The predominant form por shape of the corpus luteum in both pregnant and non-pregnant cows was oval, then pyramidal and finally rounded. No gestation was observed contralateral to the location of the corpus luteum.

Introduction: Abdominal wall hernia is a frequent pathology, the most frequent hernia are the inguinal type, closed to 70% of all. Although the incidence of inguinal hernial sac containing ovary and Fallopian tubes are reported on a 2.9% of the cases. Case Report: Female patient 42 years old, with a long-term history of right inguinal hernia, with sudden pain and irreducible increase of volume in the correspondent inguinal zone that doesn’t look strangled; she was admitted to the emergency operating room. Among surgical findings hernia’s sac content was uterus and both ovaries with no signs of vascular compromise. The patient’s favorable evolved let her to be discharged from the hospital after 2 days from post operative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endocervical Adenocarcinoma In Situ (ACIS) is an injury associated with the columnar epithelium and by definition does not invade the cell stroma. We report the case of a 49- year-old woman with a history of total hysterectomy in 2012 due to uterine myomatosis and in situ adenocarcinoma in which no signs of stromal invasion were observed in the sections studied. Patient underwent bilateral oophorectomy, in 2016, due to proven ACIS metastatic ovarian involvement, due to probable spoliation, through a positive immunohistochemical study of the p16 marker. Still in chemotherapy but without sign of disease of August of 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In fishes, gonad morphology is an important parameter to understand the reproductive biology, phylogenetic relationships and systematic studies. The main objective of this study was to make a comparative analysis of the morphology of mature ovary and testis in six fish species of the family Anostomidae. A total of 212 specimens, presenting maturing gonads, were captured from the São Francisco River, Três Marias Reservoir area, in Southeastern Brazil, between August 2008 and December 2010. The six analyzed species had mature ovaries and showed a grayish color. In vitellogenic oocytes (VO), cortical alveoli (CA) were composed by small vesicles in all Leporinus species, but in Leporellus vittatus and Schizodon knerii the CA were large vesicles. However, the CA of all species showed similar histochemical content. The pellucid zone consists of two layers to all species, but it was thicker in S. knerii (11.5 ± 1.8 μm) than in L. vittatus (9.0 ± 0.8 μm) and Leporinus species (3.5 ± 0.6 - 8.7 ± 0.9 μm). Follicular cells of the VO were respectively cubic and prismatic in animal and vegetative poles of S. knerii (22.3 ± 3.2 and 61.1 ± 9.6 μm), and squamous in the other species (1.3 ± 0.3 - 1.6 ± 0.3 μm). Females of S. knerii and males of L. vittatus showed lower values of gonadosomatic index (GSI) than the other assessed species. All evaluated species presented testicular morphology similar to most neotropical Characiformes, with unrestricted spermatogonial testis and anastomosing tubular organization of seminiferous tubules. Phenotypical differences in the vitellogenic oocyte of Anostomidae fishes, confirmed the taxonomic position of S. knerii as different genus in relation to Leporinus and L. vittatus. Despite being placed in different genera, the characteristics of the vitellogenic oocytes of L. vittatus were similar to those found in the studied Leporinus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gonadal development assessment is a fundamental work in researching the reproduction of Peprilus medius, on the way to understand its population dynamics and to achieve a sustainable management of its fisheries. The diagnosis based on morphochromatic features is the quicker, more practical and cheaper method, and properly validated, it may be an accurate procedure. This is particularly useful in researches when it is required to provide prompt and accurate information to support decision-making for fisheries management, and during long-term fisheries monitoring to detect changes in reproductive patterns due to environmental anomalies. These are issues of concern in P. medius and other fishery resources. In this context, a scale that describes the gonadal development through morphochromatic and histological features is presented, and plus anatomical observations of the reproductive organs. Ovarian development was characterized through six phases: immature, development (sub-phases: early and late), mature, spawning (sub-phases: partial and partial post-spawning), post-spawning and resting. Testicular development was described through five phases: immature, development, ejaculation, ejaculated and resting. The position and shape of the reproductive organs are apparently defined by the shape of the fish and the visceral cavity. P. medius's gonads show a gonadal lobe at lower position and an upper lobe in the visceral cavity, and both lobes presented a horizontal placement from gonopore toward the back of the fish. In addition, gonadal deformities occurrence due to deformities in the visceral cavity was evidenced. We recommend to use presented descriptions as a guide in gonadal assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a morfologia das gônadas do surubim-do-paraíba (F1) durante a reprodução induzida em cativeiro. Trinta fêmeas foram induzidas, tendo-se utilizado extrato hipofisário de carpa e gonadotrofina coriônica humana. Vinte e oito fêmeas responderam à indução, tendo liberado 238,80 g de ovócitos (taxa de fertilização: 24,33±8,35%). Após a extrusão dos gametas, os animais foram eutanasiados para análise morfológica das gônadas. Os testículos não apresentaram alterações morfológicas após a indução. Entre os ovários, 63,31% apresentaram má formação (desenvolvimento ímpar, não uniforme ou "afunilamento"), e o número de ovócitos liberados foi abaixo do obtido em reprodutores selvagens desta espécie.

Ginkgo biloba e Panax ginseng são plantas utilizadas na medicina tradicional. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a histologia gonadal de ratos machos e fêmeas Wistar submetidos aos tratamentos com o extrato de G. biloba (120 mg kg-1) ou P. ginseng (200 mg kg-1), e avaliar os parâmetros reprodutivos e fetais das ratas tratadas com as plantas. O grupo controle recebeu solução fisiológica 0,9%. Os tratamentos foram efetuados por via oral através de gavage, duas vezes ao dia, durante quinze dias consecutivos. Após este período, machos (n=18) e fêmeas (n=18) foram sacrificados e as gônadas coletadas, pesadas e processadas para avaliação microscópica. Outras fêmeas (n=18) foram acasaladas com machos não tratados para avaliação da fertilidade e produtos da gestação. Os resultados indicaram que o peso dos órgãos reprodutivos masculino e feminino não foi afetado pelos tratamentos. A estrutura gonadal dos machos e fêmeas mostrou o mesmo padrão histológico nos três grupos experimentais. O tratamento materno pré-gestacional com os extratos não promoveu alterações no desempenho reprodutivo das matrizes e nos parâmetros fetais. Concluiu-se que o extrato de P. ginseng ou G. biloba não causou toxicidade reprodutiva em ratos machos e fêmeas.Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng are plants used in the traditional medicine. The aim of study was to analyse the gonadal histology of the Wistar male and female rats submitted to the treatments with extract of G. biloba (120 mg kg-1) or P. ginseng (200 mg kg-1), and to evaluate the reproductive and fetal parameters of female rats treated with the plants. The control group received physiological solution 0.9%. The treatments were administered by oral gavage, twice/day, during fifteen consecutive days. After this period, male (n=18) and female rats (n=18) were sacrificed and the gonads collected, weighed and processed for microscopic evaluation. Another females (n=18) were matted with not treated males for evaluation of fertility and pregnancy outcome. The results indicated that the male and feminine reproductive organs weight was not affected by treatments. The gonadal structure of male and female rats showed same histologic pattern in the three experimental groups. The pre-gestational treatment with the extracts not promoted alterations in the reproductive performance of dams and in the fetal parameters. It was concluded that the extract of P. ginseng or G. biloba not presented reproductive toxicity in the male and female rats.

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de las gónadas femeninas de Cichlasoma urophthalmus. Las muestras fueron recolectadas en la Laguna de Alvarado Veracruz, México en el período 2007-2008 que incluyó las temporadas de Nortes, Secas y Lluvias. Se extrajeron las gónadas femeninas y una parte se fijó en formol al 4% para su tratamiento por técnica histológica de rutina hematoxilina y Eosina (H-E) y otra parte se procesó para microscopia electrónica de transmisión. Las gónadas se fijaron en glutaraldehído al 3% y OsO4 al 2%, se deshidrataron en etanol de 50 al 100% para ser incluidas en Epón. Se realizaron cortes finos y semifinos contrastados con citrato de plomo y acetato de uranilo. Los ovarios de C. urophthalmus son pareados presentan un desarrollo asincrónico con ovocitos previtelogénicos en estadio perinuclear tardío, asociados a las lamelas ovígeras y ovocitos vitelogénicos del VII estadio, éstos últimos presentan una zona radiada bien definida, con gránulos de vítelo lipídico y vesículas de vítelo proteico que se distribuyen en capas concéntricas, que rodean al núcleo. El presente estudio, permitió conocer más a fondo los cambios de la estructura y ultraestructura de los componentes de los folículos ováricos, en C. urophthalmus durante las diferentes etapas de crecimiento de los oocitos.

Se analizaron cuarenta pares de ovarios de hembras adultas de Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Schweigger 1812), para establecer los cambios morfológicos mensuales producidos durante un año. Se llevaron a cabo exámenes macroscópicos de los oviductos y de los ovarios de especímenes que los habitantes ribereños del municipio de Barcelos, Amazonas, Brasil, utilizaron para su consumo, usando metodológicamente la medida del diámetro y conteo de los folículos ováricos y de los cuerpos lúteos. Los resultados muestran la presencia gradual de folículos acorde con la época reproductiva, resaltando que durante el último tercio del proceso, justo antes de la postura se hacen más evidentes; se analiza la relación existente entre el tamaño de la hembra y la masa ovárica, la cual es estadísticamente significativa (F (10,29)=3,655, p < 0,05). Se hace evidente la existencia de una jerarquía ovario folicular que demuestra que para esta especie solo es posible fisiológicamente una postura por año.Forty pairs of ovaries of mature female Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Schweigger 1812) were analyzed, to establish the morphologic monthly changes that take place during one year; we examined macroscopically the oviducts and the ovaries of specimens that the riverside inhabitants of the municipality of Barcelos, Amazons, Brazil, used for their consumption. We measured the diameter and recorded the number of enlarged ovarian follicles and corpora lutea. The results show the gradual enlargement of follicles in agreement with the reproductive period, observing that during the last third of the process; just before oviposition they become more evident. The positive relationship between the size of the female and the ovarian mass, is statistically significant (F (10.29)=3.655, p < 0.05). Follicullar sizes suggest that this species nests only once a year.

Subcellular changes are relevant to understand plant organogenesis and embryogenesis in the early stages of cell development. The cytology during cell development in tissue culture is however still poorly characterized. This study aimed to characterize the ultrastructural differences related to callogenesis of anthers, ovaries, leaf and nodal segments of Inga vera Willd. subsp. Affinis (DC.) T.D. Penn. Flower buds, nodal segments and leaves were disinfected and inoculated in test tubes containing MS medium with 3% sucrose and 4.5µM 2.4-D, except for leaf callogenesis, where 9µM of this auxin was used, and for the callogenesis of anthers and ovaries, where the culture medium was enriched with 0.25% activated charcoal and 90µM PVP. After 45 days in culture medium, the anther, ovary, leaf and nodal segment calli were fixed in Karnovisky and prepared for visualization by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural differences were observed among the callus cells of anthers, ovaries, segments and leaves. There was no evidence of somatic embryo formation in the anther, leaf and nodal segment calli, in spite of some embryogenic characteristics in the cells. The ovary calli, with indications of embryo formation, seem to be the most responsive explant source for embryogenesis.A compreensão da organogênese e embriogênese de plantas, nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento das células, requer a observação das mudanças subcelulares. No entanto, a caracterização citológica durante o desenvolvimento desses estágios não tem sido realizada com frequência na cultura de tecidos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as diferenças ultraestruturais relacionadas a calogênese de anteras, ovários, folha e segmentos nodais de Inga vera Willd. subsp. Affinis (DC.) T.D. Penn. Para tanto, botões florais, segmentos nodais e folhas foram desinfestados e inoculados em tubos de ensaio contendo meio MS com 3% de sacarose e 4,5 µM de 2,4-D, exceto na calogênese de folhas, em que foram utilizados 9 µM dessa auxina, e na calogênese de anteras e ovários, cujo meio de cultura foi acrescido de 0,25% de carvão ativado e 90 µM de PVP. Após 45 dias em meio de cultura, os calos de anteras, ovários, folhas e segmentos nodais foram fixados em Karnovisky e preparados para a visualização em microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Assim, foram observadas diferenças ultraestruturais entre as células dos calos provenientes de anteras, ovários, segmentos e folhas. Os calos de anteras, folhas e segmentos nodais não apresentaram evidências de formação de embriões somáticos, apesar de suas células possuírem algumas características embriogênicas. No entanto, os calos de ovários parecem ser a fonte de explante mais responsiva à embriogênese, mostrando indícios de formação de embriões.

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os desempenhos reprodutivo e zootécnico e a deposição de lipídios no tecido hepático de fêmeas de tilápia-do-nilo alimentadas com rações contendo diferentes níveis de energia digestível, obtidos pela inclusão de óleo de soja. Foram utilizados 100 reprodutores e 300 reprodutoras, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os reprodutores, machos e fêmeas, foram alimentados com rações contendo, por quilograma, 35% de proteína bruta e 2.700, 2.950, 3.200, 3.450 ou 3.700 kcal de energia digestível. Os animais foram mantidos em hapas por 93 dias. O desempenho reprodutivo e zootécnico não foi influenciado pelos níveis energéticos das rações, o que pode estar relacionado ao curto período de tempo de alimentação com as dietas experimentais. Contudo, o aumento nos níveis de energia teve efeito linear nas deposições lipídicas nos hepatócitos. Desta forma, os níveis crescentes de energia digestível nas rações fornecidas às fêmeas de tilápia-do-nilo, obtidos pela inclusão de óleo de soja, apenas aumentam o tempo de sobrevivência das larvas ao jejum e a deposição de lipídios nos hepatócitos das fêmeas.The experiment was carried out to evaluate the reproductive and animal performance and lipids deposition in the liver tissue of the Nile tilapia female, fed diets containing different levels of digestible energy, obtained by soybean oil inclusion. Three hundred breeding females and 100 breeding males were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The broods were fed diets containing 35% crude protein and 2,700; 2,950; 3,200; 3,450 and 3,700 kcal energy digestible/kg feed. The animals were stocked in hapas for 93 days. The reproductive and animal performance were not influenced by the energy levels. These results may be associated with the short period of time that the brood were fed the experimental diets. However, increasing energy levels caused a linear increase in lipids inclusions in hepatocytes. Thus, the increasing levels of digestible energy provided to Nile tilapia females, obtained by including soybean oil, only promoted increased lipid deposition in hepatocytes.

Neste trabalho foram utilizadas 36 amostras de ovários de fetos fêmeas (com três a oito meses de gestação) da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) separados em seis grupos com seis amostras cada. Para as análises histológicas e morfométricas, os ovários foram processados em resina paraplast e submetidos à coloração com Hematoxilina e Eosina. Foram analisadas as estruturas histológicas presentes nos diferentes estágios fetais e efetuadas mensurações dos diâmetros máximo e mínimo, perímetro e área dos folículos primordiais, primários e pré-antrais. Concluiu-se que: 1 – nos fetos a partir de três meses de gestação, os ovários apresentaram folículos primordiais, 2 – a partir dos quatro meses de gestação, os ovários já continham folículos primários, 3 – os folículos pré-antrais e antrais surgiram nos ovários de fetos a partir de seis meses de gestação, 4 – as maiores médias foram obtidas aos sete meses de gestação para folículos primordiais e pré-antrais, tornando a decair aos oito meses.

O presente estudo avaliou o efeito de ciclos de restrição alimentar e realimentação (2/3 dias), aplicados durante seis meses antes da desova, no desenvolvimento gonadal de matrinxã. Na ocasião da desova, fêmeas alimentadas diariamente e submetidas ao regime alimentar experimental, selecionadas para a indução hormonal, foram sacrificadas para retirada das gônadas e do fígado, com os quais se calculou o IGS (índice gonadossomático) e o IHS (índice hepatossomático), sendo os ovários processados para análise histológica. Não houve alteração no peso relativo dos ovários e fígado, e o desenvolvimento gonadal não foi afetado pelo esquema alimentar. Os valores de IGS foram de 5,09±4,98% e 9,79±4,17% e os de IHS foram de 0,84±0,07% e 0,91±0,11%, para as fêmeas controle e experimentais, respectivamente, sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Os ovários de peixes dos dois grupos apresentaram as mesmas características do estádio maduro, com predominância de ovócitos na fase final de maturação, repletos de vitelo. O estudo indica que a restrição alimentar não afetou a preparação das fêmeas para a reprodução e que ciclos adequados de restrição e realimentação poderão ser aplicados na criação do matrinxã, assegurando menores custos de produção.The present study evaluated the effect of cycles of feed restriction and refeeding (2/3 days) during 6 months before the spawning on the gonadal development of matrinxã. At the spawning time, females selected to hormonal induction were killed for gonad and liver removal and GSI (gonadosomatic index) and HSI (hepatosomatic index) were calculated. Ovaries were processed for histological analysis. The feeding regime did not alter GSI and HSI and the gonadal development. The values of GSI were 5.09±4.98% and 9.79±4.17%, and of HSI were 0.84±0.07% and 0.91±0.11%, in control and experimental females, respectively, without significant difference between groups. Ovaries from both fish groups showed the same charachteristics of the mature stage, with predominance of oocytes in the final phase of maturation, presenting large amount of yolk. The study indicates that the feed restriction did not affect the matrinxã ability to reproduction and that cycles of feed restriction and refeeding can be used in matrinxã farming leading to lower production costs.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar histologicamente o desenvolvimento ovariano pré-natal em fetos eqüinos sem raça definida (SRD) nos trópicos, ressaltando surgimento e quantificação de ovogônias e folículos. Foram obtidos 131 fetos em frigorífico, os quais foram mensurados quanto ao comprimento (cm) equivalente à distância cefalococcígea (CR), seguido de corte das gônadas e fixação das amostras em Bouin por 24 horas. As idades foram estimadas por regressão. Foram preparados cortes histológicos ovarianos de 7µm de espessura, os quais foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina. O surgimento de ovogônias, folículos primordiais, em crescimento e antrais foi verificado, respectivamente, em fetos com CR entre 4,1 e 6,5cm (40 a 49 dias de gestação (DG)); 9,1 e 12,0cm (60 a 69 DG); 23,1 e 29,0cm (116 a 135 DG) e 50,1 e 65,0cm (201 a 245 DG). A quantidade máxima de ovogônias, folículos primordiais, em crescimento e antrais foi observada em fetos com CR entre, 4,1 e 6,0cm (40 a 49 DG); 16,1 e 23,0cm (90 a 115 DG); 29,1 e 36,0cm (136 a 155 DG) e 50,1 e 97,0cm (201 a 320 DG), respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que o desenvolvimento morfológico dos ovários fetais de eqüinos SRD nos trópicos é mais precoce que o observado nos relatos de literatura referentes a estudos de eqüinos de diversas raças em regiões temperadas.This research research was aimed at histologically characterizing the pre-natal ovarian development of cross-breed equine fetuses in the tropics, observing the rise and the quantification of oogonia and follicles. One hundred and thirty one fetuses were obtained from a slaughterhouse, their crown-rump length (CRL) was measured in centimeters (cm). Next, the gonads were sectioned and the samples were placed to rest in Bouin´s liquid for 24 hours. The ages were estimated by regression. 7µm thick histological ovarian cuts were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Oogonia, primordial, growing and antral follicles were observed in fetuses whose CRL was between 4.1 and 6.5cm (40 to 49 gestation days (GD)); 9.1 and 12.0cm (60 to 69 GD); 23.1 and 29.0cm (116 to 135 GD); 50.1 and 65.0cm (201 to 245 GD) respectively. The maximum amount of oogonia and of primordial, growing and antral follicles occurred in fetuses whose CRL was between 4.1 and 6.0cm (40 to 49 GD); 16.1 and 23.0cm (90 to 115 GD); 29.1 and 36.0cm (136 to 155 GD); 50.1 and 97.0cm (201 to 320 GD), respectively. These results suggest that the development of cross-breed equine ovarian fetuses in the tropics is more premature than that described in the literature on studies of various equine breeds in temperate regions.

Se realiza la presentación de dos pacientes, operadas en nuestro servicio con el diagnóstico inicial de tumor ginecológico, cuya sintomatología era bastante vaga e indefinida. Nos llamó la atención, no tanto el diagnóstico final de la entidad, como sí la ausencia casi total de síntomas en el primero de los casos a pesar del tamaño de la lesión y de le edad de la paciente, en presencia de un abdomen prácticamente ocupado en su totalidad por un tumor. Estos tumores llegaron a pesar una vez fuera de su habitad 18 y 10 libras respectivamente. No por la infrecuencia, sino por la magnitud de los mismos, es que nos dimos a la tarea de su presentación y divulgación.

OBJETIVO: Conhecer a paridade e desenvolvimento ovariano da espécie Anopheles cruzii, durante os períodos estacionais. MÉTODOS: As capturas foram realizadas quinzenalmente, no período matutino, de abril/2004 a abril/2005, no Parque Estadual do Palmito, município de Paranaguá litoral do Estado do Paraná. Mosquitos adultos foram capturados usando a técnica pouso homem. As dissecções foram feitas utilizando-se a técnica de Detinova e de Polovodova e a avaliação do desenvolvimento folicular, segundo os critérios de Christophers e Mer. RESULTADOS: Foram dissecadas 208 fêmeas de Anopheles cruzii. A maioria das fêmeas dissecadas nas estações eram nulíparas. Sendo que 14,4% eram nulíparas com folículo além do estádio II de Christophers & Mer, o que evidencia o exercício da hematofagia previamente à primeira oviposição. Observou-se que as populações de Anopheles cruzii são constituídas de indivíduos jovens, talvez em razão da alta mortalidade de fêmeas paridas. CONCLUSÕES: A provável discordância gonotrófica das fêmeas dissecadas é importante do ponto de vista epidemiológico, considerando que a fêmea pode procurar mais de um hospedeiro para completar a maturação dos seus ovos.OBJECTIVE: To determine the parity and ovarian development of Anopheles cruzii species during the seasons. METHODS: Collections were carried out fortnightly in the morning in the Palmito State Park in the municipality of Paranaguá, Southern Brazil, between April 2004 and April 2005. Adult mosquitoes were captured using human landing rate. Dissections were performed using Detinova's and Polovodova's methods and follicular development was assessed following Christophers and Mer's criteria. RESULTS: A total of 208 specimens of Anopheles cruzii were dissected. Most females dissected were nulliparous in the seasons; 14.4% of them were found to be nulliparous above Christophers and Mer's stage II, which shows previous blood meal prior to the first oviposition. It was observed that Anopheles cruzii populations comprised young mosquitoes, probably due to high mortality among parous females. CONCLUSIONS: The likely gonotrophic discordance is epidemiologically relevant because female mosquitoes can search for more than one host to complete the maturation of their eggs.

The present study was designed to determine the morphological and histological variations in the female palm squirrel's reproductive organs which inhabit croplands of central Punjab. 16 specimens were collected from 3 different locations of Faisalabad district during different months in order to collect their ovaries samples in order to determine the breeding phenology of this species. Body weight and external body measurements were recorded. Two adult females were autopsied each month and their ovaries were extracted. Tissue were prepared by the tissue paraffin technique and stained by H&E. Seasonal variations in the follicular size and shape were observed. Statistical analysis revealed that values of all parameters of ovaries were significantly (P<0.01) higher during peak folliculogenic phase (January to May) as compared to low folliculogenic phase (November-December). Three reproductive phases were observed according to follicular development i.e., quiescent period (November-December), recrudescence period (January) and peak reproductive phase (February-March). In conclusion of this study, different phases of sexual activities are determined which are controlled by seasonal variations. These variations are in accordance to different physical factors which influences gross anatomical and histological changes of ovaries and folliculogensis of female five-striped northern palm squirrel (Funambulus pennanti) for adjustments in breeding phenology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo foi avaliar a densidade mineral óssea de mulheres na pós-menopausa, com o antecedente de histerectomia com conservação ovariana bilateral, realizada no menacme, comparadas a um grupo de mulheres com menopausa natural, não histerectomizadas. Tratou-se de um estudo de corte transversal, com trinta mulheres na pós-menopausa e histerectomizadas no menacme e 102 mulheres menopausadas naturalmente, comparando-se as respectivas densitometrias ósseas, em nível do fêmur e coluna lombar. A análise mostrou que as variáveis idade e índice de massa corporal estavam fortemente associadas à densidade mineral óssea do fêmur e da coluna lombar, sendo o índice de massa corporal diretamente e a idade inversamente associados. Posteriormente, as trinta mulheres histerectomizadas, foram pareadas por idade e índice de massa corporal, com trinta mulheres não-histerectomizadas, não apresentando diferenças estatisticamente significantes da densidade mineral óssea. Esses resultados sugerem que a histerectomia com conservação ovariana bilateral, realizada em mulheres no menacme, não parece ocasionar redução adicional da massa óssea, quando avaliadas na pós-menopausa.This study aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) of post-menopausal women with previous pre-menopausal hysterectomy including bilateral ovarian conservation compared to a group of non-hysterectomized women with natural menopause. Data from a cross-sectional study of 30 pre-menopausally hysterectomized women evaluated in the post-menopause were compared with 102 naturally post-menopausal women, analyzing their respective bone densitometry, measuring the femoral and lumbar spinal BMD. Multiple regression analysis of the 132 women showed that age and body mass index (BMI) were heavily associated with femoral and lumbar spinal BMD, BMI directly associated, and age inversely associated with BMD. In addition, 30 hysterectomized women were matched by age and BMI to the 30 non-hysterectomized women, and bone densitometry did not show significant differences in BMD. These findings suggest that pre-menopausal hysterectomy with bilateral ovarian conservation does not appear to cause an additional reduction in bone mass when evaluated in the post-menopausal phase.

O objetivo foi avaliar a densidade mineral óssea de mulheres na pós-menopausa, com o antecedente de histerectomia com conservação ovariana bilateral, realizada no menacme, comparadas a um grupo de mulheres com menopausa natural, não histerectomizadas. Tratou-se de um estudo de corte transversal, com trinta mulheres na pós-menopausa e histerectomizadas no menacme e 102 mulheres menopausadas naturalmente, comparando-se as respectivas densitometrias ósseas, em nível do fêmur e coluna lombar. A análise mostrou que as variáveis idade e índice de massa corporal estavam fortemente associadas à densidade mineral óssea do fêmur e da coluna lombar, sendo o índice de massa corporal diretamente e a idade inversamente associados. Posteriormente, as trinta mulheres histerectomizadas, foram pareadas por idade e índice de massa corporal, com trinta mulheres não-histerectomizadas, não apresentando diferenças estatisticamente significantes da densidade mineral óssea. Esses resultados sugerem que a histerectomia com conservação ovariana bilateral, realizada em mulheres no menacme, não parece ocasionar redução adicional da massa óssea, quando avaliadas na pós-menopausa.

Durante las últimas semanas de la gestación, la placenta bovina aumenta la síntesis de estradiol a un nivel que supera centenas de veces la cantidad que produce durante el estro. Ese alto nivel de estradiol produce una retroalimentación negativa prolongada sobre el hipotálamo, que inhibe la síntesis y liberación de hormona liberadora de gonadotropinas (GnRH) y por lo tanto en la sangre no circulan las hormonas hipofisiarias que estimulan el crecimiento folicular. Bajo esta condición hormonal, los folículos ováricos se pueden desarrollar hasta formar antro, pero debido a la ausencia de estímulo gonadotrópico, su crecimiento es limitado y no alcanza a formar ondas foliculares. Con la expulsión de la placenta durante el parto, se termina la producción de estradiol y el hipotálamo inicia la recuperación de la capacidad de sintetizar GnRH y de restablecer paulatinamente la sensibilidad a los estrógenos ováricos para restaurar el mecanismo de retroalimentación positivo que controla la liberación de las hormonas folículoestimulante (FSH) y luteinizante (LH) para estimular el crecimiento y la maduración final del folículo, la síntesis de estradiol, la expresión del estro y la ovulación. Después del parto las altas demandas de nutrientes requeridos para la síntesis de grandes volúmenes de leche, la limitada capacidad de consumo de alimentos y las inadecuadas concentraciones de nutrientes en los alimentos consumidos, producen un balance energético negativo (BEN). Esta situación induce una respuesta compensatoria (homeorresis) que compromete el tejido adiposo, el hígado, los músculos y los huesos. El desbalance energético retarda la reanudación de los ciclos estrales postparto y dependiendo de su intensidad, puede limitar el crecimiento de los folículos ováricos. Paulatinamente, en tiempo variable con la genética, la producción de leche, la adaptación al ambiente, la salud y la disponibilidad de nutrientes, se restablece el equilibrio energético requerido para que el hipotálamo reanude la síntesis y liberación de pulsos altos y frecuentes de GnRH, los cuales estimulan en la hipófisis la liberación de un pico preovulatorio de LH para que se produzca la primera ovulación postparto. No se conoce con precisión el mecanismo a través del cual las sustancias energéticas participan en la respuesta hipotalámica para la reanudación del ciclo estral postparto. En los últimos años se han propuesto a las leptinas como el "eslabón perdido" entre la energía metabólica y la reproducción.