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Problems in developing writing often comes from creative processes in developing ideas to write. Outlines are often recommended as a tool to help students organize their thoughts and structure their writing. This study aims to find out students' perceptions and the challenges the students encountered when writing an exposition text using provided outlines among the students of English Department of UTY. This study used mixed method approaches. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were applied to collect data. Respondents of this study were 20 students (10 males and 10 females) from second year students of English Literature Department of Yogyakarta University of Technology academic year 2023-2024, and through a purposive random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to figure out students' perceptions, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to find out the challenges encountered by students when writing an exposition text using provided outlines. Nine respondents (6 females and 3 male) were selected in the interview session based on their scores, they were four students with the highest scores, three students with middle scores, and two students with low scores to be interviewed. The semi-structured interview data were analyzed qualitatively using the interactive model. The results of this study show that most students agreed that outlines help them write exposition texts, with 80% agreeing or strongly agreeing with the statement "The outline helps me write an exposition text." However, students also reported three challenges, difficulty in developing connections between theory and research topics, with 60% indicating they found this aspect challenging, 55% found it challenging to translate their outlines into coherent exposition texts, and 30% students indicated a lack of confidence in their ability to use outlines effectively. This learning model may help students participate, engage, and enhance their confidence in writing exposition texts, and lecturers are aware of the importance of targeted instructional strategies, such as providing more examples and practice opportunities for developing connections between theory and research topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems in developing writing often comes from creative processes in developing ideas to write. Outlines are often recommended as a tool to help students organize their thoughts and structure their writing. This study aims to find out students’ perceptions and the challenges the students encountered when writing an exposition text using provided outlines among the students of English Department of UTY. This study used mixed method approaches. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were applied to collect data. Respondents of this study were 20 students (10 males and 10 females) from second year students of English Literature Department of Yogyakarta University of Technology academic year 2023-2024, and through a purposive random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to figure out students' perceptions, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to find out the challenges encountered by students when writing an exposition text using provided outlines. Nine respondents (6 females and 3 male) were selected in the interview session based on their scores, they were four students with the highest scores, three students with middle scores, and two students with low scores to be interviewed. The semi-structured interview data were analyzed qualitatively using the interactive model. The results of this study show that most students agreed that outlines help them write exposition texts, with 80% agreeing or strongly agreeing with the statement “The outline helps me write an exposition text.” However, students also reported three challenges, difficulty in developing connections between theory and research topics, with 60% indicating they found this aspect challenging, 55% found it challenging to translate their outlines into coherent exposition texts, and 30% students indicated a lack of confidence in their ability to use outlines effectively. This learning model may help students participate, engage, and enhance their confidence in writing exposition texts, and lecturers are aware of the importance of targeted instructional strategies, such as providing more examples and practice opportunities for developing connections between theory and research topics.

This article examines the disjointed textual form of Richard Rolle's The Form of Living , one of the most widely circulated English texts of the Middle Ages. It argues that The Form reflects the traditions of the pastoral miscellany and compendium, which were new kinds of texts that emerged following pastoral reforms in late-medieval Europe. Expanding book ownership among parish priests led to the development of a clerical 'commonplace culture' in which priests excerpted useful passages from larger reference works to fill blank spaces in their books, or transformed them into streamlined compendia for devotional reading. This article argues that an important facet of Rolle's process of composing The Form of Living involved his excerpting and reshaping larger pastoral reference works and whatever else he had to hand. This challenges the way that past scholarship has often understood the work in terms of Rolle's individuality and personal touch: instead, this article seeks to locate Rolle's creativity in his unlikely transformation of rote pastoral fare into ambitious devotional literature. Contextualizing The Form in this way offers a richer understanding of its form, giving insights into why Rolle chose this format and why it was valued by medieval readers. It also suggests that developing new models for late-medieval compilatio can offer new ways to think about textual organization and authorial composition more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on TRAILS (Teaching Resources and Innovations Library for Sociology), an educational tool by the American Sociological Association (ASA), providing sociology teachers access to a plethora of teaching resources, including assignments, class activities, and syllabi. Topics encompass assignments like "Positionality Memo," film discussions such as "Behind the Shield," and class activities like "Systemic Racism and the Food System."

Accurate species identification of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) is crucial due to their role as vectors for various pathogens, which is essential for understanding their biology, devising strategies to control their populations, and enhancing disease surveillance. This study assessed the efficacy of outline-based geometric morphometrics (GM) by analyzing the wing cell contours of discal, first submarginal, and second submarginal cells to distinguish three morphologically similar Tabanus species commonly found in Thailand, T. megalops, T. rubidus, and T. striatus. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant size differences between T. rubidus and the two other species (P

The blood-sucking flies of the genus Stomoxys Geoffroy, 1762 (Diptera: Muscidae) are significant ectoparasites that can cause irritation and transmit pathogens to both animals and humans. Within the genus Stomoxys, two species, Stomoxys bengalensis and Stomoxys sitiens, have similar morphology and coexist in the same habitat. Accurate species identification of these flies is crucial for understanding disease vectors and implementing effective control measures. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of outline-based geometric morphometrics (GM) by analyzing the wing cell contour of the first posterior cell (R5) to distinguish between species and sexes of S. bengalensis and S. sitiens. Our results demonstrate that the outline-based GM method is highly effective in distinguishing between species and sexes of these flies based on contour shape, with accuracy scores ranging from 90.0% to 97.5%. Therefore, outline-based GM emerges as a promising alternative to landmark-based GM or as a supplementary tool in conjunction with traditional morphology-based methods for species identification.

Reading comprehension is a basic skill that influences the outcomes of language learning. The role played by using different cognitive organizers and collaboration as well in the improvement of reading comprehension of academic texts has been a subject of recent literature. Hence, this study employed the experimental 2 x 2 factorial design to identify the difference in effect of two types of outlines, student-constructed versus expert-constructed, on EFL learners' reading comprehension across two modes of learning, collaborative and individual. Participants were 161 English majors from a reading intact English course at a Saudi university. They were randomly assigned into four treatment groups, two student-constructed and two expert-constructed outlines groups. After ensuring a homogenous level of the four groups in reading comprehension, the groups had the reading comprehension test on one mode of application; collaborative student-constructed, collaborative expert-constructed, individual student-constructed, and individual expert-constructed outlines. The findings revealed that there was a significant main effect among the four groups in reading comprehension scores favoring the student-constructed outlines groups. Besides that, the findings indicated that the collaborative student-constructed outlining is the most effective mode. The implications are discussed in terms of the efficacy of student-construction of outlines in a collaborative context and recommend its significance in supporting EFL learners' reading comprehension of academic texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does conceptual structure of external representations contribute to learning? This investigation considered the influence of generative concept sorting and of external structure information moderated by perceived difficulty. In Study 1, undergraduate students completed a perceived difficulty survey and comprehension pretest, then a sorting task, and finally a comprehension posttest. Results showed that both perceived difficulty and comprehension pretest significantly predicted comprehension posttest performance. Learners who perceived that history is difficult attained significantly greater posttest scores and had more expert-like networks. In Study 2, participants completed the same perceived difficulty survey and comprehension pretest, then were randomly assigned to read a text with different external structure support, either an expert network or an equivalent outline of the text, and finally all completed the same sorting task posttest and a comprehension posttest. In Study 2, there was no significant difference for external structure support on posttest comprehension (outline = network), but reading with an outline led to a linear conceptual structure that matched the topic order of the text while reading with a network led to a more expert-like relational structure. As in Study 1, comprehension pretest and perceived difficulty significantly predicted posttest performance, but in contrast to Study 1, learners who perceived that history is easy attained significantly greater posttest scores. Practitioners should consider using generative sorting tasks when relearning history content. For theory building purposes, post-reading mental representations matched the form of the external representation used when reading, thus the conceptual structure of the external representation should be considered in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Research on Service-Learning & Community Engagement is the property of International Association for Research on Service - Learning & Community Engagement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses college syllabi in relation to the teaching of Spanish Empire history to students, and it mentions the concept of embodiment in connection with undergraduate students and culture. Indigenous perceptions of the embodied world are addressed, along with an assessment of how Iberians, Africans, and Amerindians pursuits of basic resources impacted their agricultural and economic conditions.

In the fall of 2017, the Clark Library at the University of Portland undertook an investigation of ethics in academic libraries to understand ethical practices in the library's day-to-day work. The self-study was a year-long, library-wide project with directed activities within small groups, individually assigned readings and responses, and discussions at all-staff meetings. The project culminated in three specific deliverables: an annotated bibliography focused on ethical issues by functional area, a Clark Library Statement of Ethics, and a Statement of Ethical Information Use for inclusion in University syllabi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate species identification of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) is crucial due to their role as vectors for various pathogens, which is essential for understanding their biology, devising strategies to control their populations, and enhancing disease surveillance. This study assessed the efficacy of outline-based geometric morphometrics (GM) by analyzing the wing cell contours of discal, first submarginal, and second submarginal cells to distinguish three morphologically similar Tabanus species commonly found in Thailand, T. megalops , T. rubidus , and T. striatus . Statistical analysis demonstrated significant size differences between T. rubidus and the two other species ( P  < 0.05), with T. rubidus exhibiting larger wing cells. Tabanus megalops and T. striatus had similar sizes; their size differences were not statistically significant. The accuracy of size analysis based on validated classification tests was relatively low, ranging from 64.67% to 68.67%. Nonetheless, all wing cell contours showed significant shape differences between the three species, as confirmed by Mahalanobis distance comparisons using 1000 permutation tests ( P  < 0.05). The shape of the first submarginal cell contour showed the highest classification accuracy (86.67%). Outline-based GM offers a significant advantage for analyzing fly specimens with incomplete wings that have intact cells. For damaged specimens, analyzing the contour of the first submarginal cell through this technique can be a viable alternative., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

This personal essay examines entanglements of contemporary crises and pedagogical routines using the syllabus as autoethnography. Syllabi are an intrinsically autoethnographic genre: combining personal and disciplinary ideals, scoring contributing voices via course materials, and operating within the realities of academic labor. The syllabus for "Performance in Extraordinary Times" organizes reflections on the ways COVID-19, lethal U.S. anti-Blackness, shocks to U.S. performing arts communities, and crises of student mental health unfolded between 2020 and 2021. The essay invites questions about the ways syllabi operate as crisis management strategies and how they sometimes succumb to the very dynamics they aspire to address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This Research in Brief documents preliminary work toward a larger study entitled "Race and Canonicity in Canada: Communication Studies so White?" It was presented as part of a triple panel on "#CommunicationSoWhite: Canadian Style" at the 2021 annual meeting of the Canadian Communication Association. Analysis: Mobilizing this rationale earlier in the research stage ties its work to the discursive interventions in this issue. Conclusion and Implications: This preliminary work gets people thinking about how their syllabi might shake up staid structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author responds to Christopher Cruz's review of his book "The Syllabus as Curriculum," that was published within the issue. Topics discussed include relationship between social scientific and the original philosophical forms of phenomenology, relationship between the fields of philosophy of education and curriculum studies, and the absence of the humanities.

Research is a fundamental factor for the development and improvement of any area of study, however, the English Language Teaching (ELT) undergraduate programs in Mexico usually fail to promote research in their schools. This is the case of the ELT the undergraduate program of the Escuela de Lenguas, Campus Tapachula in the Autonomous University of Chiapas (UNACH as for its initials in Spanish), where little is known by the school about the organizational pattern of the submitted theses by trainees. This is a descriptive study that seeks out to reveal how these are structured in the Escuela de Lenguas, Campus Tapachula. This research is going to be carried out by applying questionnaires to trainees, graduates, thesis-supervisors, and members of the reading committee and conducting a documentary analysis of the theses submitted from 2012 to 2019 to detail how they are structured. It was discovered that most of the theses are composed of four chapters, yet most of the participants agree on the theses of five chapters. According to the results obtained, two different outlines were designed varying in the number of chapters and the elements included in each one.

The blood-sucking flies of the genus Stomoxys Geoffroy, 1762 (Diptera: Muscidae) are significant ectoparasites that can cause irritation and transmit pathogens to both animals and humans. Within the genus Stomoxys , two species, Stomoxys bengalensis and Stomoxys sitiens , have similar morphology and coexist in the same habitat. Accurate species identification of these flies is crucial for understanding disease vectors and implementing effective control measures. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of outline-based geometric morphometrics (GM) by analyzing the wing cell contour of the first posterior cell (R 5 ) to distinguish between species and sexes of S. bengalensis and S. sitiens . Our results demonstrate that the outline-based GM method is highly effective in distinguishing between species and sexes of these flies based on contour shape, with accuracy scores ranging from 90.0% to 97.5%. Therefore, outline-based GM emerges as a promising alternative to landmark-based GM or as a supplementary tool in conjunction with traditional morphology-based methods for species identification., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

There are numerous barriers to dance for disabled people but one which has received increasing attention in recent years is the lack of systematic training available. The aim of this project was to explore how private dance studio syllabi could be made more accessible for young disabled people, in order to open pathways to dance. Three private studio teachers were matched with three specialists in inclusive dance to translate particular syllabi for their groups of disabled learners. Various actions and strategies were designed by the teachers and specialists, which were reviewed and revised over the course of the project. Data collection included class observations, interviews with the teachers, specialists, young dancers, and their parents, and online diary entries by the teachers and specialists after each class. Analyses revealed that while each group was unique, common strategies included determining the key principles of each exercise, differentiation, setting high expectations, and a flexible class structure. Multiple forms of improvement among the participants were noted, including increased teacher confidence, and improvements in students' technical abilities, confidence, and social skills. Overall, the findings of this study attest to both the viability and value of providing progression opportunities for young disabled dancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis of the syllabi of play therapy courses offered by school counseling programs that hold accreditation from the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. We collected and analyzed 27 course syllabi to (a) identify trends in the content of these courses and (b) examine whether course objectives are consistent with the American School Counselor Association School Counselor Professional Standards & Competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) are receiving considerable attention in higher education. Within psychology, the American Psychological Association has highlighted the importance of cultural diversity in both undergraduate and graduate curricula and charged educators with facilitating the development of cultural competence among learners. Statement of the Problem: Many resources have been developed to help promote EDI within higher education. The resources developed have mainly focused on the curricula and pedagogical approaches, yet the syllabus remains overlooked with few guidelines available to educators. Literature Review: We offer several considerations informed by theoretical frameworks and best practices in the discipline and suggestions for the successful implementation of EDI in the syllabus. Teaching Implications: This article provides a comprehensive and useful guide for developing a syllabus that assists with the integration of EDI, as the syllabus is the first opportunity for faculty to communicate their philosophy, expectations, requirements, and other course information. Conclusion: Infusing EDI in the syllabus is essential for promoting an inclusive learning environment and is conducive to establishing goals related to cultural competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural populations of ectothermic oviparous vertebrates typically experience thermal variability in their incubation environment. Yet an overwhelming number of laboratory studies incubate animals under constant thermal conditions that cannot capture natural thermal variability. Here, we systematically searched for studies that incubated eggs of ectothermic vertebrates, including both fishes and herpetofauna, under thermally variable regimes. We ultimately developed a compendium of 66 studies that used thermally variable conditions for egg incubation. In this review, we qualitatively discuss key findings from literature in the compendium, including the phenotypic effects resulting from different patterns of thermally variable incubation, as well as the ontogenetic persistence of these effects. We also describe a physiological framework for contextualizing some of these effects, based on thermal performance theory. Lastly, we highlight key gaps in our understanding of thermally variable incubation and offer suggestions for future studies. HIGHLIGHTS: We present and describe a comprehensive compendium of studies that incubate ectothermic vertebrate eggs under thermally variable regimes.We explain why thermal variability can influence embryonic and posthatching phenotypes in significant ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses how she has been able to advocate for, and include more, young adult literature (YAL) in her 10 years as a classroom teacher. She provides strategies for teachers looking to justify why YAL should be included in the curriculum. She also offers ideas on how to address concerns about content by describing how she structures her syllabus.

The article details the process taken to develop an information fluency framework whitepaper to serve as a workplace learning activity for a Master of Education in Teacher Librarianship. The effort is led by a working party of teacher librarians who agreed on a series of principles. Actions taken during the development of the framework include conducting a literature review, making links with syllabus outcomes and ensuring the consistency of structure and language across elements.

We provide a broad discussion of the dark side of innovation, before introducing the papers of the special issue. We start with a critical reply to optimists, complementing the list of indicators showing steady human progress with a list of indicators that show sustained deterioration (largely due to innovation). We then outline some relevant dimensions of harmful innovation, before distinguishing between the types of harm brought on by innovation. We conclude with an overview of the SI papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding of fundamentals of computer science and abilities in programming are becoming more important components of the GIS practitioner's skillset. As the frontiers of GIS expand into areas of inquiry and modes of operation which require such domain capabilities, teaching and instruction in GIS must begin that shift as well. And while the knowledge, skills, and practices of the GIS practitioner have always been in flux, the range of potential topics from computer science and programming to integrate into GIS instruction is a major pedagogical challenge. This paper examines a range of syllabi from variant GIS programming courses to explore the landscape of programming coursework. Through content analysis, these syllabi reveal three general themes: courses built on learning scripting with Python, courses built on learning fundamentals of WebGIS, and courses built on learning fundamentals in geodatabase design and management. While each of these focus areas are impactful skills for GIS learners to explore, there is by no means any consistency or cohesion in how GIS programming courses operate, nor does there seem to be any general resources or approaches to unify course design. More work is necessary among GIS instructors to begin building evidence‐based practices in GIS programming instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophical anthropology emerged as an internal subdiscipline of philosophy that aimed to systematize the efforts for answering the question about what the human being is. Within it, the level of self-consciousness that this question evokes is beyond doubt. Philosophical anthropology is not merely an intellectual way of grasping the human being, but thinking about the human being par excellence. Nonetheless, what is the structural specificity that this philosophical orbit offers? This article intends to reconstruct the conceptual core that philosophical anthropology developed, from its first outlines in Kant until its systematic realization in Scheler, Plessner and Gehlen. In that regard, it will be possible to verify a two-dimensional structure which is rooted in two distant but deeply-linked poles: nature and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a method for identifying the elastic characteristics of the track in order to mitigate the actions produced by the transit of vehicles. The study is based on the use of consolidated analysis theories and outlines the methods of rapid identification of the structural characteristics, the kinematic and dynamic behaviour of permanent way equipment in the 30Hz÷80 Hz frequency range. Therefore the document proposes an application case of the methodology for determining the actions of mitigation of the vibrations induced by rail transit, the results of which have been supported by experimental measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research implemented a project to develop curriculum guidelines for all health and social care programmes. The modified RAND/UCLA appropriateness method used by the group developing guidelines for programmes in prosthetics and orthotics is described. The method resulted in 126 learning outcomes that were condensed into 48, encompassed within eight competency areas. This number is greater than the number of learning outcomes found in most existing syllabi but comparable to those found in similar work carried out internationally. The article suggests that the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method is a suitable method to deploy in the development of curriculum guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With this paper, we aim to remember the importance of the figure of Julio Casares and his ideological dictionary of the Spanish language. It is claimed to make a tour of the structure of this work that aimed to create a reference between the idea and the concretization of the said mental entity through the word. In addition, the appropriate instructions for correct use will be recalled, as the author himself describes in the preliminary pages. We will review the three parts that make up the dictionary and its main function, remembering the uses for which the author designed this work, through some search example. The dictionary, moreover, by the type of organization which it presents, supposes within the paremiological studies an indispensable source and rich in forms. It allows to analyze and localize a compendium of phraseologisms in Spanish. Its organization into ideological blocks facilitates the access and location of phraseological units through the main theme or idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This outline serves as basic analysis of the methods used to systematically reconstruct literary satire in the extant literary scholarship. The first section of the outline (1) contains a brief general introduction to the discussion of satire in the field of poetics. In the second section (2), which is the main concern of this outline, I discuss the four main methods used to reconstruct the concept of literary satire in recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at identifying the indicators of linguistic intelligence implied in the activities books of reading and linguistic communication of the level three secondary syllabus (term system) in Saudi Arabia. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach which involves content analysis in order to answer the study questions. The tools of the study consisted of a list of indicators of linguistic intelligence that should be impeded in the activities books of reading and linguistic communication for the level three secondary syllabus (term system) and a card of the content analysis that was derived from this list. The researcher found out that the main four domains of the indicators of linguistic intelligence are reinforcing vocabulary, reinforcing linguistic appreciation, encouraging conversation and elocution skills, and encouraging writing skills. From these four main domains, 21 subsidiary indicators were derived. Moreover, the research found 255 indicators in the two books that were distributed differently. The most frequent indicator was (encouraging the conversation and elocution skills) which was repeated 97 times, reaching 38% of the indicators’ total frequency. The next indicator was (encouraging writing skills) with 83 repetitions and 32.5% of the total frequency. The third indicator was (reinforcing linguistic appreciation) with 52 repetitions and 20.4% of the total. The least frequent indicator was (reinforcing vocabulary) with 23 repetitions and 9.2% of the total. This research offers recommendations related to increasing the interest in linguistic intelligence and improving it for students through their education, especially the secondary level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article briefly outlines the reason and main stream of the development of technology roadmapping, and the basic characteristics of this kind of methods. The paper presents some important experiences and methodological developments of the authors as outcomes of their consultancies at companies. Within the company level roadmapping the article has a special focus on the application of roadmapping to the formation of marketing strategies, in which direction the authors took the steps of the beginning. The authors present their results in the field of industry level technology roadmapping as well, especially in the field of residential energy saving, focusing on building energetics. Finally they outline two perspectival new research avenues. One possibility is the application of technology roadmapping at non-business organizations, and the other is the roadmapping of inter-organizational processes run by more than one participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation In the past two decades, scientists in different laboratories have assayed gene expression from millions of samples. These experiments can be combined into compendia and analyzed collectively to extract novel biological patterns. Technical variability, or "batch effects," may result from combining samples collected and processed at different times and in different settings. Such variability may distort our ability to extract true underlying biological patterns. As more integrative analysis methods arise and data collections get bigger, we must determine how technical variability affects our ability to detect desired patterns when many experiments are combined. Objective We sought to determine the extent to which an underlying signal was masked by technical variability by simulating compendia comprising data aggregated across multiple experiments. Method We developed a generative multi-layer neural network to simulate compendia of gene expression experiments from large-scale microbial and human datasets. We compared simulated compendia before and after introducing varying numbers of sources of undesired variability. Results The signal from a baseline compendium was obscured when the number of added sources of variability was small. Applying statistical correction methods rescued the underlying signal in these cases. However, as the number of sources of variability increased, it became easier to detect the original signal even without correction. In fact, statistical correction reduced our power to detect the underlying signal. Conclusion When combining a modest number of experiments, it is best to correct for experiment-specific noise. However, when many experiments are combined, statistical correction reduces our ability to extract underlying patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]