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More than 1.6 million people worldwide lose their lives every year due to violence. This rate makes the phenomenon of violence one of the leading causes of death in the world and can become an element of pressure on both economic and social life. It is extremely important to evaluate the solution proposals for the phenomenon of violence from an interdisciplinary perspective. At this point, it is assumed that there is a relationship between serious leisure activities and violence. Based on this point, the aim of this relational survey research is to determine the extent to which individuals' gender, educational status, weekly participation in serious leisure time activities, and perceptions of violence affect the likelihood of preferring serious leisure time activities. A relationship survey model and a simple random sampling method were used in the study. According to the findings, participants' weekly participation time in serious leisure time activities and educational level are significant predictors of serious leisure time activity choice. On the other hand, a negative relationship was found between the activity duration of serious leisure-time participants and their perceptions of physical violence. As a result, it was revealed that the attitudes towards violence of individuals who participated in outdoor serious leisure time activities were at a lower level compared to individuals who participated in indoor serious leisure time activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionFriluftsliv (outdoor recreation) activities can provide both physical activity and experiences in nature, and improve quality of life. Regular physical activity is critical for young people's physical, social, and mental health. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020–2022, schools, gyms, and swimming pools were closed, and athletic teams and other physical activity services were prohibited from holding events. Despite these restrictions, access to nature and most friluftsliv persisted throughout the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to elucidate how the degree of activity in various friluftsliv activities changed during the pandemic, as well as identify the significance that friluftsliv had for the experience of community prior to and during the pandemic.MethodsTo achieve this goal, 287 young people aged 16–19 answered a questionnaire.ResultsThe results showed that self-reported total friluftsliv decreased significantly by 12.1% during the pandemic compared to self-reported total friluftsliv activity in the year before the pandemic occurred. Modern friluftsliv experienced an overall activity decline in participation of 24.8%. Two of these activities had a significant decrease in activity level, while three of the activities had an unchanged level of activity. Traditional friluftsliv also experienced a significant decrease of 7.8%, with six of the seven friluftsliv activities exhibiting a significant decrease in activity level during the pandemic. Regarding the importance of friluftsliv for the experience of community, a substantial number of participants felt that friluftsliv activities had been more important during the pandemic than prior to the pandemic. In addition, many respondents indicated that the desire to be with friends, family, and girlfriends/boyfriends had become more important during the pandemic than before it.DiscussionThe findings related to the importance of friluftsliv activities to experiencing community were not unexpected. However, it was somewhat unanticipated that the two-year pandemic did not lead to more friluftsliv among young people, given the unavailability of other avenues of physical activity—which is concerning from a public health perspective, in terms of social, psychological, and physical health.

As a negative effect of consumption culture, people are stuck between extreme stress from their daily lives and a busy work environment. Out of this confusion, consumers want to get away from their leisure time with the recreational facilities they want to return to their own soul and mind for a while. Recreational facilities are activities that the individual participates in to achieve spiritual, physical and social satisfaction. In the study, it is aimed to compare the outdoor recreational facilities of Konya and Nevşehir, branded in culture and religious tourism. Thus, it is aimed to diversify the touristic product range of the two destinations and to contribute to branding in new niche markets. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. Secondary data was used for the documents in the study. The documents used in the study were obtained from the web pages of the Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorates, Provincial and District Municipalities, travel-nature clubs and as a result of the literature review. The data obtained for Konya and Nevşehir destinations were categorized in four groups as land, snow and ice, air and water. While the diversity of outdoor recreational activities on land there are 20 in Konya; 23 in Nevşehir, diversity of outdoor recreational activities in snow and ice there are 3 in Konya; 1 in Nevşehir, the diversity of outdoor recreational activities in the air there is 1 in Konya; 2 in Nevşehir and the diversity of outdoor recreational activities in water there are 12 in Konya; 6 in Nevşehir. According to the results of the study, it has been determined that Konya and Nevşehir provinces have many touristic products that can be used for outdoor recreational activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ÖZ: İklim özellikleri, bir destinasyonun turist çekebilmesi için sahip olması gereken en önemli çekiciliklerdendir. Turistler seyahat edecekleri destinasyonun belirli bir iklim konforuna sahip olmasını beklemektedirler. Destinasyonun sahip olduğu iklim konforunun belirlenmesi için Turizm İklim Konforu İndeksi (TCI) Mieczkowski (1985) tarafından geliştirilmiştir. TCI, destinasyona ilişkin sıcaklık, nem, yağış ve rüzgâr verilerinin bir arada değerlendirilmesi ile oluşturulduğundan bu alanda var olan en kapsamlı indekstir. Bu çalışmada TCI kullanılarak Muğla ilinin Bodrum, Marmaris, Fethiye, Datça, Dalaman, Köyceğiz, Milas ve Menteşe (merkez) ilçelerinin iklim konforu analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre iklim konforu en uygun olan ilçeler Nisan ayında Bodrum ve Datça ilçeleridir. İl genelinin yüksek yağış alması ve yağışların kış aylarında yoğunlaşması ilin Aralık, Ocak ve Şubat aylarında iklim konforunun düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Yaz aylarında ise aşırı sıcakların görülmesi Temmuz ve Ağustos aylarında iklim konforunu düşürmektedir. Muğla ili genelinde dış mekân turizm ve rekreasyon faaliyetlerine ilişkin olarak Mart, Nisan, Mayıs, Haziran ve Eylül ayları iklim konforunun en uygun olduğu aylar olarak tespit edilmiştir. ABSTRACT: Climatic characteristics are one of the most important attractiveness of a touristic destination in order to attract tourist. Tourists are expecting from travelling destination to have a significant climatic comfort. Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) is developed by Mieczkowski (1985) in order to determine the climatic comfort of a destination. TCI is the most comprehensive index as it constituted by evaluating temperature, relative humidity, rain and wind data of the destination all together. In this study, climatic comfort analysis of Bodrum, Marmaris, Fethiye, Datça, Dalaman, Köyceğiz, Milas and Menteşe (central district) districts of Muğla province has been realized. According to analysis results Bodrum and Datça districts have most appropriate climatic comfort in April. By reason of the high amounts of rainfall and having these rains mostly in winter times, climatic comfort of the province is decreasing in December, January and February. In summer times, high temperature is decreasing the climatic comfort in July and August. It is determined that in March, April, May, June and September climatic comfort is most appropriate in Muğla for outdoor tourism and recreation activities.

Introduction: Friluftsliv (outdoor recreation) activities can provide both physical activity and experiences in nature, and improve quality of life. Regular physical activity is critical for young people's physical, social, and mental health. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020-2022, schools, gyms, and swimming pools were closed, and athletic teams and other physical activity services were prohibited from holding events. Despite these restrictions, access to nature and most friluftsliv persisted throughout the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to elucidate how the degree of activity in various friluftsliv activities changed during the pandemic, as well as identify the significance that friluftsliv had for the experience of community prior to and during the pandemic., Methods: To achieve this goal, 287 young people aged 16-19 answered a questionnaire., Results: The results showed that self-reported total friluftsliv decreased significantly by 12.1% during the pandemic compared to self-reported total friluftsliv activity in the year before the pandemic occurred. Modern friluftsliv experienced an overall activity decline in participation of 24.8%. Two of these activities had a significant decrease in activity level, while three of the activities had an unchanged level of activity. Traditional friluftsliv also experienced a significant decrease of 7.8%, with six of the seven friluftsliv activities exhibiting a significant decrease in activity level during the pandemic. Regarding the importance of friluftsliv for the experience of community, a substantial number of participants felt that friluftsliv activities had been more important during the pandemic than prior to the pandemic. In addition, many respondents indicated that the desire to be with friends, family, and girlfriends/boyfriends had become more important during the pandemic than before it., Discussion: The findings related to the importance of friluftsliv activities to experiencing community were not unexpected. However, it was somewhat unanticipated that the two-year pandemic did not lead to more friluftsliv among young people, given the unavailability of other avenues of physical activity-which is concerning from a public health perspective, in terms of social, psychological, and physical health., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Sæther, Mikalsen and Lagestad.)

Holiday and recreation destinations play an important role in people's lives in modern societies. Outdoor recreation activity programs do not concern themselves with participants' physical improvement or empowerment, rather with their feelings of satisfaction and pleasure. This results in benefits that arise effortlessly, prompting participants to engage in life-long exercise without making any demands on high performance on their part. Contemporary hectic lifestyle and the degraded natural environment that characterize modern cities constitute outdoor recreation and participation in outdoor recreation activities (O.R.A.), both important and highly necessary. Many scholars claim that increased interest in exercise helps people enhance its resulting benefits that directly relate to the quality of their lives. 86 people took part in a research that was carried out in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, in the North-East of Greece. Researchers examined the intentions/desires and the criteria of choice set by the visitors in relation to this uniquely beautiful site. The results of the MANOVA multivariable fluctuation analysis showed that there was no statistically significant effect on the sex of the participants with the Pillai's trace test showing F(1,59) = 1,061 and sig=.398. The researchers continue the research by expanding the sample with foreign tourists visiting the area of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climatic characteristics are one of the most important attractiveness of a touristic destination in order to attract tourist. Tourists are expecting from travelling destination to have a significant climatic comfort. Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) is developed by Mieczkowski (1985) in order to determine the climatic comfort of a destination. TCI is the most comprehensive index as it constituted by evaluating temperature, relative humidity, rain and wind data of the destination all together. In this study, climatic comfort analysis of Bodrum, Marmaris, Fethiye, Datça, Dalaman, Köyceğiz, Milas and Menteşe (central district) districts of Muğla province has been realized. According to analysis results Bodrum and Datça districts have most appropriate climatic comfort in April. By reason of the high amounts of rainfall and having these rains mostly in winter times, climatic comfort of the province is decreasing in December, January and February. In summer times, high temperature is decreasing the climatic comfort in July and August. It is determined that in March, April, May, June and September climatic comfort is most appropriate in Muğla for outdoor tourism and recreation activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport event organizers often face the possibility of potential planning failure due to the nature of sport itself. That is, once the games begin there is no time for major changes in the organizational process, and that may affect customers' satisfaction. However, science and information technology offers effective alternatives to overcome this issue. That is, by modeling and testing the effectiveness of different organizational process of the events with the use of specific software. For the purpose of elaboration, in this study, organizational scenarios were simulated prior to a mass sport event's implementation. As a result, sport managers were provided with a number of organizational alternatives to choose from, in order to make the best decision for planning purposes. The case of an orienteering race registration process was used as a case. However, this simulation process may apply to a number of similar sport management operations, especially to mass sport events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of a 12-week outdoor recreational exercise program on the mood state of 45 sedentary elderly people aged 60 to 75. The variables comprising mood state were positive engagement, revitalization, tranquillity and physical exhaustion. Subjects were allocated to an exercise group (n=30) and a control group (n=15). Exercise was performed for one hour, two times a week, by the experimental group whereas the control group did not participate in any kind of exercise. Subjects were pre- and post-tested for the selected variables. The results show that the elderly who participated in the outdoor exercise program had significantly more positive mood profiles than non-exercisers, and the improvements in both positive and negative affect directly corresponded to their participation in the program. The findings are discussed in terms of possible future design and measurement improvements, and the need to focus research efforts on the multiple components of fitness in relation to mood state in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shechter M., Enis R., Reiser B. and Tzamir Y. (1981) Evaluation of landscape resources for recreation planning, Reg. Studies 15, 373–390. This paper describes a model for the evaluation of landscape resources in providing outdoor recreation services. The approach essentially involves integrating users' preferences with respect to the physical and aesthetic characteristics of the resource into an operational, ordinal quality measure. These measures form the basis for charting “suitability maps” of the evaluated area (a specific site or an entire region) which, in turn, provide a useful tool for drawing up an integrated land-use plan for recreation. A field test application of the model is described. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]