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L’inadéquation de la fertilisation minérale est une contrainte qui limite la production du sorgho et du mil au Burkina Faso. Cette étude vise à déterminer l’effet des nutriments secondaires et des micronutriments (NSM) dans la production du sorgho et du mil sur des sols ferrugineux tropicaux lessivés du Burkina Faso. Elle a été conduite en station expérimentale à Saria de 2018 à 2019. Le dispositif expérimental est constitué d’un bloc de Fisher avec trois répétitions. Sept traitements ont été comparés : Témoin (0), NPK (60-15-20), NPK+S (60-15-20-15S), NPK+Mg (60-15-20-10Mg), NPK+Zn (60-15-20-2,5Zn), NPK+B (60-15-20-0,5B) et Complet (60-15-20-15S-10Mg-2,5Zn-0,5B). Le rendement grain du sorgho a été significativement augmenté avec les traitements combinant les NSM au macronutriment. Contrairement au sorgho, cette combinaison a entraîné une baisse des rendements grain du mil. Les rendements grains du sorgho ont augmenté de 40% en 2018 avec les traitements Complet, NPK+S, NPK+Zn et NPK+Mg. En 2019, ces augmentations ont été de 53%, 23% et 16% respectivement avec les traitements Complet, NPK+B et NPK+S par rapport au NPK. L’apport d’engrais composé de NPK combiné au NSM et à la matière organique est une alternative pour accroître durablement les rendements des céréales. The inadequacy of mineral fertilization is a constraint that limits the production of sorghum and millet in Burkina Faso. This study aimed at determining the effect of secondary nutrients and micronutrients (NSM) in the production of cereals on leached tropical ferruginous soils from Burkina Faso. It was conducted in the Saria experimental station from 2018 to 2019. The experimental design consisted of a Fisher block with three repetitions. Seven treatments were compared: Control without fertilizers (0), NPK (60-15-20), NPK + S (60-15-20-15S), NPK + Mg (60-15-20-10Mg), NPK + Zn (60-15-20-2,5Zn), NPK + B (60-15-20-0,5B) and Complete (60-15-20-15S-10Mg-2,5 Zn-0,5B). The grain yield of sorghum was significantly increased with the addition of NSM to the NPK. However, millet grain yield was decline with NSM addition to NPK treatment. The Complete, NPK + S, NPK + Zn and NPK + Mg treatments showed 40% increasing in grain yield of sorghum compared to NPK in 2018. Complete, NPK + B and NPK + S treatments which increased the grain yield of sorghum by 53%, 23% and 16% respectively in 2019. Adding NPK fertilizer combined with NSM and organic matter is an alternative to achieve sustainable increasing of grains yields.

A two-year experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block designs with split plot treatment arrangements and three replications in the Sahelian agroecological zone of Burkina Faso. The main plot was tillage method and the sub-plot was cropping system/soil amendment (compost and mineral fertilizer) combinations. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of tillage and cropping system/soil amendment on pearl millet grain and stover concentrations, and relate these to nutritional needs of humans, cattle and for pearl millet plant growth. The cropping system/soil amendment combinations had little influence on nutrient concentrations, significant only for Mg with concentrations varying from 0.16 to 0.39%, and Fe with concentrations varying from 70 to 119 ppm in grain, and P in stover with concentrations varying from 0.06 to 0.18%. Year and tillage more frequently influenced nutrient concentrations, except for grain K, Ca, S, and Zn and stover S, Zn, Fe and Cu. Pearson’s correlations indicated that high yields due to year and tillage were often associated with lower nutrient concentration, and low yields with higher nutrient concentrations. Nutrient concentration of pearl millet grain was adequate to meet human nutritional requirements except for Mn, Ca for females, and P in some circumstances. Stover nutrient concentrations exceeded requirements for cattle feed and critical nutrient concentrations for the yield levels produced in this study except for N and P. Results indicates that the combination of good in presence of judicious cropping systems and soil amendment that positively affected pearl millet grain and stover nutrient concentrations should be recommended for use in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. However, management of Mn, Ca and P concentrations in grain and N and P concentration in stover requires further research.

Trabajo presentado en el XVI European Society for Agronomy Congress (ESA 2020, "Smart Agriculture for great human challenges"), celebrado en Sevilla del 1 al 4 de septiembre de 2020.

Sole cropped pearl millet and intercropped pearl millet with cowpea are the dominant cropping systems in the Sahelien agroecological zone of Burkina Faso with low and stagnant pearl millet and cowpea yields. Two experiments were conducted in randomized complete block designs with split plot arrangements and three replications. The main plot was tillage method in both experiments and the sub-plot was soil amendment (compost, fertilizer, and crop residues). The objective was to identify the best combination of tillage method, cropping system, and soil amendment to optimize sole and intercropped millet and intercropped cowpea yields. In Exp. 1, sole crop millet grain yield was increased by soil amendment application from 238 kg ha-1 to 450 to 768 kg ha-1, and stover yields from 551 kg ha-1 to 1075 to 1813 kg ha-1. In Exp. 2, zaï tillage increased sole cropped millet grain yield by 348 to 495 kg ha-1, and intercropped millet by 194 to 202 kg ha-1 over use of no till and scarify. Combined zaï with C + F application increased sole cropped millet grain yield from 288 to 777 kg ha-1 and intercropped millet from 114 to 502 kg ha-1 over zaï without soil amendment. Similar trends were observed for millet stover and intercropped cowpea grain and stover yields. Influence of soil amendment application on grain and stover yields was greatest for sole cropped millet with use of zaï in high rainfall years. This first documentation of differential soil amendment response of sole and intercropped pearl millet with zaï, scarify, and no till systems indicates that the greatest pearl millet grain and stover yield is obtained with application of plough or zaï in combination with C + F, F + CR or C + F + CR soil amendment.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V82019072136 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.2136

By the year 2050, the world’s population will need 60% more food than it did in 2005. In sub-Saharan Africa (we’ll call it SSA) (Fig. 1) this problem will be even greater, with the demand for cereals increasing by more than three times as the population rises.We collected and calculated farming data for 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This made us realize that countries in SSA must make many large changes to ncrease their yield of cereals (the amount of cereals that are grown on the current farmland each year) to meet this greater demand.If countries in SSA are unable to increase cereal yield, there are two options. either farmland areas will have to increase drastically, at the expense of natural land, or SSA will need to buy more cereal from other countries than it does today. This may put more people in these countries at risk of not having enough food to be able to live healthily.

Integrated soil fertility management combining additions of organic and mineral fertilizers and reduced ploughing frequencies is a prospective option for sustainable cropping systems. In the cotton cultivation area of Burkina Faso the agricultural land is gradually degrading due (at least in part) to increases in mechanization and the use of mineral fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides. The objective of the work underlying this thesis was to test soil management techniques to improve soil fertility, and the productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and maize (Zea mays). For this purpose, a research program was initiated in 2003 at Bondoukuy in the western cotton growing zone of the country. On-farm experiments combining two tillage regimes - annual ox-ploughing (AP) and ox-ploughing/hand hoe scarifying in alternate years, referred to as reduced tillage (RT) - with or without compost addition in a cotton-maize rotation were carried out on two common soil types (a Ferric Lixisol and a Ferric Luvisol). We investigated the effects of the treatments on: (i) soil aggregate stability, (ii) soil infiltrability, and (iii) crops nutrient uptakes and yields. Reduced tillage resulted in greater macroaggregate stability than annual ploughing in both soil types. The compost addition treatments (in combination with annual ploughing or reduced tillage) increased soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) compared to the annual ploughing without compost addition (control). The soil nutrient status was related to organic and mineral fertilizer inputs, and soil carbon and nitrogen contents were highest (ca 0.6% C and 0.05% N) in plots where compost was applied, after the third year of the experiment. Reducing tillage had no clear effect on cotton and maize nutrient uptake, but compost applications increased N and P uptake by cotton in both soil types. On both soil types, the cotton fibre yields under the reduced tillage regime with compost additions were higher than those obtained under the control, although the differences were not always statistically significant. The trend of maize production was: higher production under the annual ploughing with compost addition than the control on the Lixisol, while it was the reduced tillage with compost addition, on the Luvisol. The results supported earlier conclusion that the effects of soil management techniques on crop production depend on the seasonal rainfall pattern. In spite of the short term of the experiment, reduced tillage with compost addition seems to be a suitable option for the smallholder farmers. As recommendation; soil fertility management regimes in the cotton maize rotation system should mix compost application or other organic matter source with mineral fertilizer, and should consider ploughing frequency.