Search

The undergraduate Bioengineering Program at Lehigh University was established as part of the university's Bioscience and Biotechnology Initiative with support from the National Science Foundation through a grant from its Division of Engineering Education and Centers (EEC). The objective here is to describe the program development and implementation, as well as the challenges encountered. Bioengineering at Lehigh was designed as an interdisciplinary program, with an emphasis on experiential learning, entrepreneurship, and innovation. In this light, the goals established for the program implementation were focused on recruiting students, developing a rigorous curriculum, equipping laboratories, and fostering industrial partnerships. The curriculum initially had three key components: a core of basic requirements, three tracks allowing students to specialize within a field of bioengineering, and experiential learning. The key challenges faced are balancing breadth and depth of a curriculum in a diverse field, improving experiential learning opportunities, implementing changes while maintaining stability, and handling operations as a new program rather than as an established department. The effectiveness of these strategies has been assessed on an ongoing basis. For example, an integrated recruitment strategy was used to encourage student enrollment, the results of which were measured through surveys and admissions data. Requiring students to select one of the three tracks, which are Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Cell and Tissue Engineering, and Bioelectronics and Biophotonics, each with an advanced laboratory course, added depth to the curriculum. Based on several sources of feedback, numerous changes have been made to the curriculum, including the addition of more bioengineering courses, especially advanced electives. The incorporation of Integrated Product Development (IPD), which was already an established hallmark program at Lehigh, into bioengineering, was a major program change that enhanced the hands-on learning and innovation opportunities. Implementing such changes, and managing them effectively, have been necessary to maintain program stability.

Background Fibrotic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a condition at risk of progressing to advanced liver disease. We examined whether an innovative exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) breath test (BT) can accurately diagnose fibrotic MASH without requiring blood tests.Methods One hundred and forty-seven patients with MASH were recruited, and all tests were undertaken within 1 week of recruitment. With fibrotic MASH (NAS ≥ 4 and fibrosis stage ≥ 2) as the main outcome indicator, the diagnostic efficacy of eNO in identifying fibrotic MASH was compared to other validated models for advanced fibrosis requiring venesection, namely FAST, Agile 3+, and FIB-4 scores.Results The mean age was 40.36 ± 12.28 years, 73.5% were men. Mean body mass index was 28.83 ± 4.31 kg/m2. The proportion of fibrotic MASH was 29.25%. The area under the receiver operating curve for eNO in diagnosing fibrotic MASH was 0.737 [95% CI 0.650–0.823], which was comparable to FAST (0.751 [0.656–0.846]), Agile 3+ (0.764 [0.670–0.858]), and FIB-4 (0.721 [0.620-0.821]) (all DeLong test p > 0.05). A cut-off of eNO 13.5 ppb provided a specificity of 91.3% and a positive predictive value of 65.4% for ruling-in fibrotic MASH. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the diagnostic efficacy of eNO was similar across characteristics such as age. Moreover, adding vibration-controlled transient elastography-LSM (liver stiffness measurement) reduced the uncertainty interval from 46.9% to 39.5%.Conclusions The eNO-BT is a promising simple test for non-invasively identifying fibrotic MASH, and its performance is further improved by adding LSM measurement.

Byline: H. Daniel Ou-Yang, Department of Physics and Bioengineering University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015; email: hdo0@lehigh.edu, Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015; email: miw206@lehigh.edu; Ming-Tzo Wei, Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015; email: miw206@lehigh.edu Keywords: microrheology, viscoelasticity, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, motor proteins, DNA, actin filaments, focal adhesion complexes, cytoskeleton Abstract The mechanical properties of cells are crucial for cell sensing and reaction to mechanical environments. This review describes the basic principles of optical tweezers and their use as force sensors for studying the mechanical properties of biological systems. It covers experiments of four groups of biological systems arranged by increasing complexity: (a) packaging DNA into viral capsids by bacteriophage portal motors and the dynamical stiffness of DNA upon protein binding, (b) actin-coated giant vesicles and the myosin-II embedded actin polymer network, (c) suspension cells, and (d) adhesion cells. These examples demonstrate how optical tweezers have been used to improve the understanding of the mechanical properties of biological systems at subcellular and molecular levels.

Aims: To develop an alternative assay for specific genotyping of the -[α.sup.4.2] thalassaemia deletion based on the DNA sequence features surrounding the breakpoint. Methods: The 5' and 3' ends of [...]

Abstract Background and Aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a usual chronic liver disease and lacks non-invasive biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a group of heterogeneous small membrane-bound vesicles, carry proteins and nucleic acids as promising biomarkers for clinical applications, but it has not been well explored on their lipid compositions related to NAFLD studies. Here, we investigate the lipid molecular function of urinary EVs and their potential as biomarkers for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) detection. Methods This work includes 43 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and 40 patients with NASH. The EVs of urine were isolated and purified using the EXODUS method. The EV lipidomics was performed by LC-MS/MS. We then systematically compare the EV lipidomic profiles of NAFL and NASH patients and reveal the lipid signatures of NASH with the assistance of machine learning. Results By lipidomic profiling of urinary EVs, we identify 422 lipids mainly including sterol lipids, fatty acyl lipids, glycerides, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids. Via the machine learning and random forest modeling, we obtain a biomarker panel composed of 4 lipid molecules including FFA (18:0), LPC (22:6/0:0), FFA (18:1), and PI (16:0/18:1), that can distinguish NASH with an AUC of 92.3%. These lipid molecules are closely associated with the occurrence and development of NASH. Conclusion The lack of non-invasive means for diagnosing NASH causes increasing morbidity. We investigate the NAFLD biomarkers from the insights of urinary EVs, and systematically compare the EV lipidomic profiles of NAFL and NASH, which holds the promise to expand the current knowledge of disease pathogenesis and evaluate their role as non-invasive biomarkers for NASH diagnosis and progression.

Presents a study that demonstrated the use of dynamic light scattering (DLS). Measurement of the viscosity of fluids; Problems associated with DLS measurements in the diamond anvil cell; Discussion of the light scattering apparatus.