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Objectives: The present research aims to find the relationship in the field that the road condition index has concerning its operating speed, based on the expected assumption that the worse the condition index, the lower the road operating speed will be. Methodology: The methodology used to carry out this research consisted in the estimation of the condition index (PCI) and the measurement of speeds in different road sections of the city of Barranquilla (Colombia), where a record of the surface conditions of the pavement from 0 when it was failed and 100 for pavement in excellent condition. In the case of speed recording, the plate method was used to obtain operating speeds. Then, using the UNALPCIA software, the value of the PCI of the evaluated road sections was estimated and then correlated with the operating speeds obtained in the field of those sections. Findings: The main findings obtained from the investigation consist of the effective relationship between the value of the PCI and the operating speed, having that the lower the condition index, the lower the operating speed on the road due to the presence of damage to the road pavement surface. Novelty: The study of the surface conditions of the pavement in the cities of Colombia is little studied, which leads to policies associated with the maintenance of pavement structures becoming late, given that the comfort and speed of operation allowed by these do not is appropriate, even though its structural function is still in force. Keywords: Condition index; comfort; policies; surface condition

The pavement roughness is the main variable that produces the vertical excitation in vehicles. Pavement profiles are the main determinant of (i) discomfort perception on users and (ii) dynamic loads generated at the tire-pavement interface, hence its evaluation constitutes an essential step on a Pavement Management System. The present document evaluates two specific techniques used to simulate pavement profiles; these are the shaping filter and the sinusoidal approach, both based on the Power Spectral Density. Pavement roughness was evaluated using the International Roughness Index (IRI), which represents the most used index to characterize longitudinal road profiles. Appropriate parameters were defined in the simulation process to obtain pavement profiles with specific ranges of IRI values using both simulation techniques. The results suggest that using a sinusoidal approach one can generate random profiles with IRI values that are representative of different road types, therefore, one could generate a profile for a paved or an unpaved road, representing all the proposed categories defined by ISO 8608 standard. On the other hand, to obtain similar results using the shaping filter approximation a modification in the simulation parameters is necessary. The new proposed values allow one to generate pavement profiles with high levels of roughness, covering a wider range of surface types. Finally, the results of the current investigation could be used to further improve our understanding on the effect of pavement roughness on tire pavement interaction. The evaluated methodologies could be used to generate random profiles with specific levels of roughness to assess its effect on dynamic loads generated at the tire-pavement interface and user’s perception of road condition. La rugosidad del pavimento es la principal variable que produce la excitación vertical en los vehículos. Los perfiles de pavimento son los principales responsables de (i) la incomodidad percibida por los usuarios y, (ii) las cargas dinámicas generadas en la interfaz entre el neumático y el pavimento, de ahí que su evaluación constituye un paso esencial en un Sistema de Gestión de Pavimentos. El presente documento evalúa dos técnicas específicas utilizadas para simular perfiles de pavimento; estos son los filtros de forma y la aproximación sinusoidal, ambos basados en la Densidad de Potencia Espectral. La rugosidad del pavimento se evaluó utilizando el Índice Rugosidad Internacional (IRI), el cual es el índice más utilizado para caracterizar rugosidad del perfil longitudinal de una vía. En la presente investigación se definieron parámetros apropiados en el proceso de simulación para obtener perfiles de pavimento con rangos específicos de los valores de IRI utilizando ambas técnicas de simulación. Los resultados sugieren que el uso de la aproximación sinusoidal puede generar perfiles aleatorios con valores de IRI que son representativos de diferentes tipos de vías, por lo tanto, se podría generar un perfil para un pavimento nuevo o una vía sin pavimentar, cubriendo todas las categorías definidas por la norma ISO 8608. Por otro lado, para obtener resultados similares usando la metodología de filtro de conformación, es necesaria una modificación en los parámetros de simulación. Los nuevos valores propuestos permiten generar perfiles de pavimento con altos niveles de rugosidad, que cubren una gama más amplia de tipos de superficie. Por último, los resultados de la presente investigación se podrían utilizar para enriquecer lo que se conoce sobre el efecto de la rugosidad del pavimento en la interacción del pavimento de neumáticos. Las metodologías analizadas se podrían utilizar para generar perfiles aleatorios con niveles específicos de rugosidad (IRI) para evaluar su efecto sobre las cargas dinámicas generadas en la interfaz neumático-pavimento y la percepción del usuario del estado de la carretera.

Objetivo Evaluar los conocimientos adquiridos por la consejeria pretest para el VIH, en personas que acudieron a un hospital nacional de Lima, Peru. Metodo Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, que se realizo en 499 personas que acudieron a la Estrategia Sanitaria Nacional de Prevencion y Control de ITS/VIH y SIDA, que fueron seleccionadas de manera probabilistica de tipo intencional. Se aplico una entrevista estructurada que utilizo un cuestionario validado por expertos con preguntas directas. Se definio como variable de conocimiento correcto a un puntaje ≥75 % de respuestas correctas y como variable de conocimiento incorrecto a un puntaje

Evaluating the knowledge acquired by the pre-test counselling programme in a national hospital in Lima Peru.A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out on 499 patients attending the National STI/HIV Prevention and Control Sanitary Strategy service after they had been counselled. The patients were intentionally selected by probabilistic means. A questionnaire having direct questions was applied; it had been previously validated by experts.or = 75 % of correct answers was defined as being a variable of correct knowledge and75 % of correct answers as incorrect knowledge.64.1 % (n=320) of the patients were female. The age group having a better level of knowledge after counselling was the 22-28 year old group, 40.3 % (n=201) (p0.05). People having a partner diagnosed as having HIV/AIDS answered more questions correctly (12.3 on average). Men showed higher correct knowledge (63.6 %) related to women (36.4 %) (p0.05). Only 4.4 % (n=22) of the patients had a correct level of knowledge.The pre-test counselling programme did not improve knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. It is thus suggested that the approach and method should be changed so that patients become well-informed, thereby reducing STI and HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality.