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2. Computer-assisted instruction in support of beginning reading instruction: a review

Author

Blok, H., Oostdam, R., Otter, M.E., and Overmaat, M.

Subjects
Computer-assisted instruction -- Usage, Educational research -- Analysis, Reading -- Study and teaching, Education, Primary -- Curricula, Education
Abstract

How effective are computer-assisted instruction (CAI) programs in supporting beginning readers? This article reviews 42 studies published from 1990 onward, comprising a total of 75 experimental comparisons. The corrected overall effect size estimate was d = 0.19 ([+ or -] 0.06). Effect sizes were found to depend on two study characteristics: the effect size at the time of pre-testing and the language of instruction (English or other). These two variables accounted for 61 percent of the variability in effect sizes. Although an effect size of d = 0.2 shows little promise, caution is needed because of the poor quality of many studies. KEYWORDS: computer-assisted instruction, meta-analysis, primary education, learning results, reading instruction.

Published
2002

16. Domeinbeschrijving

Author

Berg, H., Otter, M.E., Sijtstra, J., and RICDE (FMG)

Published
1995

21. Using Computers to Learn Words in the Elementary Grades: An EvaluationFramework and a Review of Effect Studies.

Author

Blok, H., van Daalen-Kapteijns, M.M., Otter, M.E., and Overmaat, M.

Subjects
FOREIGN language education, TERMS & phrases, COMPUTER assisted instruction
Abstract

The main question of this article is whether computersmake learning words more effective for first language learners in the elementarygrades. In order to answer this question, a framework for the descriptionand evaluation of courseware for word learning is developed. This frameworkoperationalizes important didactic qualities for word learning programs, derivedfrom characteristics of the word learning process. Subsequently, the frameworkis applied to evaluate five word learning programs that have been subjectedto an experimental study. It is demonstrated that the framework resulted ina sizeable and interesting differentiation between the programs. Finally,the experimental studies are reviewed to assess the learning effects of theprograms. Only one study produced unequivocal evidence for superior learningin a computer-assisted condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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22. A systematic review of delays in seeking medical attention after transient ischaemic attack

Author

Sprigg, Nikola, Machili, C., Otter, M.E., Wilson, A., Robinson, T.G., Sprigg, Nikola, Machili, C., Otter, M.E., Wilson, A., and Robinson, T.G.

Abstract

Background: Prompt assessment and investigation of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) followed by early initiation of secondary prevention is effective in reducing recurrent stroke. Nevertheless, many patients are slow to seek medical advice after TIA. A systematic review was undertaken to examine potential factors associated with delay in seeking medical review after TIA. Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index were searched for observational studies assessing patient delay in presentation after TIA. The search was restricted to studies published between December 1995 and September 2008. Results: The electronic search yielded nine studies with data on presentation delay in patients with TIA; variations existed in study size, population and methodology. One study included patients with TIA only (n=241), whereas the remaining eight studies recruited both stroke and TIA patients. Overall, TIA patients (n=821) made up only a small proportion of the total number of patients in this analysis (n=3,202). Length of delay varied greatly across all studies. In most studies, patients with TIA who attended an emergency department arrived there within hours. Where patients first presented to their general practitioner, 50% attended within 24 hours whereas 25% waited 2 days or more. Recognition of symptoms as stroke/TIA did not reduce the delay. Conclusions: The majority of delay in seeking assessment after TIA is due to a lack of response by the patient—many patients do not recognise the symptoms of stroke/TIA, and even when they do, many fail to seek emergency medical attention. The public needs educating on the importance of contacting the emergency medical services or attending an emergency department immediately after TIA.

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23. A systematic review of delays in seeking medical attention after transient ischaemic attack

Author

Sprigg, Nikola, Machili, C., Otter, M.E., Wilson, A., Robinson, T.G., Sprigg, Nikola, Machili, C., Otter, M.E., Wilson, A., and Robinson, T.G.

Abstract

Background: Prompt assessment and investigation of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) followed by early initiation of secondary prevention is effective in reducing recurrent stroke. Nevertheless, many patients are slow to seek medical advice after TIA. A systematic review was undertaken to examine potential factors associated with delay in seeking medical review after TIA. Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index were searched for observational studies assessing patient delay in presentation after TIA. The search was restricted to studies published between December 1995 and September 2008. Results: The electronic search yielded nine studies with data on presentation delay in patients with TIA; variations existed in study size, population and methodology. One study included patients with TIA only (n=241), whereas the remaining eight studies recruited both stroke and TIA patients. Overall, TIA patients (n=821) made up only a small proportion of the total number of patients in this analysis (n=3,202). Length of delay varied greatly across all studies. In most studies, patients with TIA who attended an emergency department arrived there within hours. Where patients first presented to their general practitioner, 50% attended within 24 hours whereas 25% waited 2 days or more. Recognition of symptoms as stroke/TIA did not reduce the delay. Conclusions: The majority of delay in seeking assessment after TIA is due to a lack of response by the patient—many patients do not recognise the symptoms of stroke/TIA, and even when they do, many fail to seek emergency medical attention. The public needs educating on the importance of contacting the emergency medical services or attending an emergency department immediately after TIA.

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24. A systematic review of delays in seeking medical attention after transient ischaemic attack

Author

Sprigg, Nikola, Machili, C., Otter, M.E., Wilson, A., Robinson, T.G., Sprigg, Nikola, Machili, C., Otter, M.E., Wilson, A., and Robinson, T.G.

Abstract

Background: Prompt assessment and investigation of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) followed by early initiation of secondary prevention is effective in reducing recurrent stroke. Nevertheless, many patients are slow to seek medical advice after TIA. A systematic review was undertaken to examine potential factors associated with delay in seeking medical review after TIA. Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index were searched for observational studies assessing patient delay in presentation after TIA. The search was restricted to studies published between December 1995 and September 2008. Results: The electronic search yielded nine studies with data on presentation delay in patients with TIA; variations existed in study size, population and methodology. One study included patients with TIA only (n=241), whereas the remaining eight studies recruited both stroke and TIA patients. Overall, TIA patients (n=821) made up only a small proportion of the total number of patients in this analysis (n=3,202). Length of delay varied greatly across all studies. In most studies, patients with TIA who attended an emergency department arrived there within hours. Where patients first presented to their general practitioner, 50% attended within 24 hours whereas 25% waited 2 days or more. Recognition of symptoms as stroke/TIA did not reduce the delay. Conclusions: The majority of delay in seeking assessment after TIA is due to a lack of response by the patient—many patients do not recognise the symptoms of stroke/TIA, and even when they do, many fail to seek emergency medical attention. The public needs educating on the importance of contacting the emergency medical services or attending an emergency department immediately after TIA.

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25. A systematic review of delays in seeking medical attention after transient ischaemic attack

Author

Sprigg, Nikola, Machili, C., Otter, M.E., Wilson, A., Robinson, T.G., Sprigg, Nikola, Machili, C., Otter, M.E., Wilson, A., and Robinson, T.G.

Abstract

Background: Prompt assessment and investigation of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) followed by early initiation of secondary prevention is effective in reducing recurrent stroke. Nevertheless, many patients are slow to seek medical advice after TIA. A systematic review was undertaken to examine potential factors associated with delay in seeking medical review after TIA. Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index were searched for observational studies assessing patient delay in presentation after TIA. The search was restricted to studies published between December 1995 and September 2008. Results: The electronic search yielded nine studies with data on presentation delay in patients with TIA; variations existed in study size, population and methodology. One study included patients with TIA only (n=241), whereas the remaining eight studies recruited both stroke and TIA patients. Overall, TIA patients (n=821) made up only a small proportion of the total number of patients in this analysis (n=3,202). Length of delay varied greatly across all studies. In most studies, patients with TIA who attended an emergency department arrived there within hours. Where patients first presented to their general practitioner, 50% attended within 24 hours whereas 25% waited 2 days or more. Recognition of symptoms as stroke/TIA did not reduce the delay. Conclusions: The majority of delay in seeking assessment after TIA is due to a lack of response by the patient—many patients do not recognise the symptoms of stroke/TIA, and even when they do, many fail to seek emergency medical attention. The public needs educating on the importance of contacting the emergency medical services or attending an emergency department immediately after TIA.

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