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19,026 results on '"Oto, A."'

1. Reclaiming Civic Life in Schools: Lessons on Contesting Anti-Black Adultism through Acts of Solidarity

Author

Ryan Oto and Amina Smaller

Abstract

In this article, we illustrate and address how anti-Blackness and adultism work together in an interlocking form of oppression we call anti-Black adultism. Situated in Amina's (youth author) lived experiences of school, we offer counter-stories that show the ways that educators employed anti-Black adultism to render Amina's civic life incompatible with the academic learning of school and imposed adult-framings of academic success on her as a way to control her in school. We then detail our shared experiences in an affinity group space and youth research project to offer the ways that anti-Black adultism can be disrupted through acts of solidarity. We conclude with lessons for adults to trouble anti-Black adultism to sustain intergenerational work toward racial justice in schools.

Published
2024

3. Epidemiological analysis of the victıms wıth crush syndrome in earthquakes of southeastern Turkey

Author

Ozturk, Ilyas, Gungor, Ozkan, Ozturk, Savas, Olmaz, Refik, Keskin, Ayse Jini Gunes, Kocyigit, Ismail, Sipahioglu, Murat Hayri, Dede, Fatih, Ulu, Sena, Turgutalp, Kenan, Torun, Dilek, Sahutoglu, Tuncay, Erdur, Fatih Mehmet, Altunoren, Orcun, Danis, Ramazan, Yildiz, Gursel, Gurel, Ali, Horoz, Mehmet, Kucuksu, Mehmet, Karakose, Suleyman, Yildirim, Tolga, Altiparmak, Mehmet Riza, Ayli, Mehmet Deniz, Tugcu, Murat, Eren, Zehra, Eroglu, Eray, Yavuz, Yasemin Coskun, Akcali, Esra, Sit, Dede, Polat, Mehmet, Yildirim, Saliha, Alagoz, Selma, Bek, Sibel Gokcay, Pembegul, Irem, Karaaslan, Tahsin, Keles, Mustafa, Sari, Funda, Yilmaz, Ustun, Gorgulu, Numan, Sahin, Gulizar, Aydin, Zeki, Yadigar, Serap, Ulutas, Ozkan, Selcuk, Nedim Yilmaz, Ayar, Yavuz, Turgut, Didem, Oto, Ozgur Akin, Koc, Mehmet, Yıldız, Alaattin, Tuglular, Serhan, and Sever, Mehmet Sukru

Published
2024
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5. Evaluating AI and Human Authorship Quality in Academic Writing through Physics Essays

Author

Yeadon, Will, Agra, Elise, Inyang, Oto-obong, Mackay, Paul, and Mizouri, Arin

Subjects
Physics - Physics Education
Abstract

This study evaluates $n = 300$ short-form physics essay submissions, equally divided between student work submitted before the introduction of ChatGPT and those generated by OpenAI's GPT-4. In blinded evaluations conducted by five independent markers who were unaware of the origin of the essays, we observed no statistically significant differences in scores between essays authored by humans and those produced by AI (p-value $= 0.107$, $\alpha$ = 0.05). Additionally, when the markers subsequently attempted to identify the authorship of the essays on a 4-point Likert scale - from `Definitely AI' to `Definitely Human' - their performance was only marginally better than random chance. This outcome not only underscores the convergence of AI and human authorship quality but also highlights the difficulty of discerning AI-generated content solely through human judgment. Furthermore, the effectiveness of five commercially available software tools for identifying essay authorship was evaluated. Among these, ZeroGPT was the most accurate, achieving a 98% accuracy rate and a precision score of 1.0 when its classifications were reduced to binary outcomes. This result is a source of potential optimism for maintaining assessment integrity. Finally, we propose that texts with $\leq 50\%$ AI-generated content should be considered the upper limit for classification as human-authored, a boundary inclusive of a future with ubiquitous AI assistance whilst also respecting human-authorship., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

6. Experimental amplification and squeezing of a motional state of an optically levitated nanoparticle

Author

Duchaň, Martin, Šiler, Martin, Jákl, Petr, Brzobohatý, Oto, Rakhubovsky, Andrey, Filip, Radim, and Zemánek, Pavel

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

A contactless control of fluctuations of phase space variables of a nanoobject belongs among the key methods needed for ultra-precise nanotechnology and the upcoming quantum technology of macroscopic systems. Here we utilize the experimental platform of a single levitating nanoparticle (NP) to demonstrate essential protocols providing linear amplification of the mechanical phase space variables together with squeezing of phase space probability distribution. The protocol combines a controlled fast switching between the parabolic trapping potential and either weak parabolic or inverted parabolic amplifying potential leading to amplification of mean value and variance (fluctuations) along an arbitrary phase space variable and squeezing along the complementary one. The protocol is completed with cold damping scheme to control the initial fluctuations of the NP phase space variables. We reached the amplification gain $|G|>2$, the squeezing coefficient above 4 dB, and the second-order energy correlation function approaching 3 which corresponds to a maximum for a stochastic non-equilibrium classical state. These experimental results will already allow pre-amplification and manipulation of nanomechanical NP motion for all quantum protocols if the NP cooling towards the ground state is applied.

Published
2024

17. The widely used Ucp1-Cre transgene elicits complex developmental and metabolic phenotypes

Author

Manasi Suchit Halurkar, Oto Inoue, Archana Singh, Rajib Mukherjee, Meghana Ginugu, Christopher Ahn, Christian Louis Bonatto Paese, Molly Duszynski, Samantha A. Brugmann, Hee-Woong Lim, and Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic models, including most Cre-recombinases, enable potent interrogation of gene function in vivo but require rigorous validation as limitations emerge. Due to its high relevance to metabolic studies, we perform comprehensive analysis of the Ucp1-Cre Evdr line which is widely used for brown fat research. Hemizygotes exhibit major brown and white fat transcriptomic dysregulation, indicating potential altered tissue function. Ucp1-Cre Evdr homozygotes also show high mortality, tissue specific growth defects, and craniofacial abnormalities. Mapping the transgene insertion site reveals insertion in chromosome 1 accompanied by large genomic alterations disrupting several genes expressed in a range of tissues. Notably, Ucp1-Cre Evdr transgene retains an extra Ucp1 gene copy that may be highly expressed under high thermogenic burden. Our multi-faceted analysis highlights a complex phenotype arising from the presence of the Ucp1-Cre Evdr transgene independently of intended genetic manipulations. Overall, comprehensive validation of transgenic mice is imperative to maximize discovery while mitigating unexpected, off-target effects.

Published
2025
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18. Assessing infection related to short-term central venous catheters in the perioperative setting

Author

Ángel Becerra-Bolaños, Yurena Domínguez-Díaz, Héctor Trujillo-Morales, Sergio Cabrera-Doreste, Oto Padrón-Ruiz, Lucía Valencia-Sola, Nazario Ojeda-Betancor, and Aurelio Rodríguez-Pérez

Subjects
Central venous catheterization, Perioperative instrumentation, Catheter related infections, Bacteremia, Perioperative period/Therapy, Complications, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Central venous catheter (CVC) cannulation can be accompanied by serious complications. The appearance of catheter-related infections is associated with high morbimortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidences of colonization and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in short-term CVCs in the elective surgery setting, as well as to analyze the related risk factors. Prospective observational study including patients undergoing elective surgery with a CVC inserted perioperatively. Patients with current infection, taking preoperative antibiotics, those planning to have CVC for longer than 14 days, those under 18 years old, and those refusing to participate were excluded. Patients without cultures at the moment of CVC retrieval were not included. 200 patients were included, with a mean catheter duration of 6.8 ± 3.1 days, and a total duration of 1,358 days. Incidence of colonized catheters was 6% (8.84/1000 catheter-days), and 3.5% had CLABSI (5.15/1000 catheter-days). Catheter duration was longer in patients whose CVCs had been removed due to suspected infection (p

Published
2025
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19. The concept of regulation and school management policies in Brazil: political-pedagogical principles and contradictions

Author

Juciley Silva Evangelista Freire, José Carlos da Silveira Freire, and José Oto Konzen

Subjects
social regulation, education policies, neoliberalism, school management, school management by results, democratic school management., Education
Abstract

This article analyzes school management policies in the context of social regulation linked to the control of globalized financial capital, with the aim of understanding their political-pedagogical principles and their contradictions. It presents the historical bases of political and economic globalization, as well as the changes in the model of social regulation that have impacted educational policies in Brazil. Through bibliographical research and guided by historical-dialectical materialism, it discusses the concept of regulation and its analytical potential to unravel the contradictions of school management policies in Brazil since the 2000s, highlighting the political-pedagogical divergences between “management by results” and democratic management. The results indicate that educational reforms inspired by neoliberal ideology reconfigured the regulation of school management, assigning to the school greater responsibility for planning, resource management, and evaluation. The study concludes that, although they aim to increase administrative efficiency and transparency, by restricting the participation of the community and educators to results-oriented management logic, these reforms compromise the development of democratic and inclusive education.

Published
2024
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20. A Low-Cost Vehicle Assistance System for Detection of Critical Driving Situations

Author

Hlavatý Michal, Cigánek Ján, Kozáková Alena, Kučera Erik, and Haffner Oto

Subjects
assistance system, fatigue detection, face detection, eye detection, image recognition, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

The paper presents a low-cost driver fatigue detection camera system for older car models that do not have built-in fatigue detection systems. Based on a review of current solutions and image processing methods for face and eye detection, the Viola-Jones method for face detection and the cascade regression for eye detection were selected to enable real-time detection via smartphones and avoid the high cost of traditional systems. The proposed system has been successfully tested with real-time video under laboratory conditions.

Published
2024
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21. TurboGenius: Python suite for high-throughput calculations of ab initio quantum Monte Carlo methods

Author

Nakano, Kousuke, Kohulák, Oto, Raghav, Abhishek, Casula, Michele, and Sorella, Sandro

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

TurboGenius is an open-source Python package designed to fully control ab initio quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) jobs using a Python script, which allows one to perform high-throughput calculations combined with TurboRVB [K. Nakano et al. J. Phys. Chem. 152, 204121 (2020)]. This paper provides an overview of the TurboGenius package and showcases several results obtained in a high-throughput mode. For the purpose of performing high-throughput calculations with TurboGenius, we implemented another open-source Python package, TurboWorkflows, that enables one to construct simple workflows using TurboGenius. We demonstrate its effectiveness by performing (1) validations of density functional theory (DFT) and QMC drivers as implemented in the TurboRVB package and (2) benchmarks of Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations for several data sets. For (1), we checked inter-package consistencies between TurboRVB and other established quantum chemistry packages. By doing so, we confirmed that DFT energies obtained by PySCF are consistent with those obtained by TurboRVB within the local density approximation (LDA), and that Hartree-Fock (HF) energies obtained by PySCF and Quantum Package are consistent with variational Monte Carlo energies obtained by TurboRVB with the HF wavefunctions. These validation tests constitute a further reliability check of the TurboRVB package. For (2), we benchmarked atomization energies of the Gaussian-2 set, binding energies of the S22, A24, and SCAI sets, and equilibrium lattice parameters of 12 cubic crystals using DMC calculations. We found that, for all compounds analyzed here, the DMC calculations with the LDA nodal surface give satisfactory results, i.e., consistent either with high-level computational or with experimental reference values., Comment: 44 pages

Published
2023
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25. Cold damping of levitated optically coupled nanoparticles

Author

Liska, Vojtech, Zemankova, Tereza, Svak, Vojtech, Jakl, Petr, Jezek, Jan, Branecky, Martin, Simpson, Stephen H., Zemanek, Pavel, and Brzobohaty, Oto

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Methods for controlling the motion of single particles, optically levitated in vacuum, have developed rapidly in recent years. The technique of cold damping makes use of feedback-controlled, electrostatic forces to increase dissipation without introducing additional thermal fluctuations. This process has been instrumental in the ground-state cooling of individual electrically charged nanoparticles. Here we show that the same method can be applied to a pair of nanoparticles, coupled by optical binding forces. These optical binding forces are about three orders of magnitude stronger than typical Coulombic inter-particle force and result in a coupled motion of both nanoparticles characterized by a pair of normal modes. We demonstrate cold damping of these normal modes, either independently or simultaneously, to sub-Kelvin temperatures at pressures of 5x10^{-3} mbar. Experimental observations are captured by a theoretical model which we use to survey the parameter space more widely and to quantify the limits imposed by measurement noise and time delays. Our work paves the way for the study of quantum interactions between meso-scale particles and the exploration of multiparticle entanglement in levitated optomechanical systems.

Published
2023

26. On the Origins of the Gothic Leader Alaric: Between Claudian and Zosimus

Author

Oto Mestek

Subjects
Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091
Abstract

Alaric has often been seen as the leader of the Visigothic people, from 395 to his death in 410. Before his rebellion against the Roman Empire in 395, he served in the Roman military, participating in the campaign against Eugenius and Arbogast in 394. His early career is mentioned in the work of the historian Zosimus. But his background is shrouded in mystery. In the middle of the 6th century, Jordanes wrote about his noble origin and the Visigothic dynasty of Balthi. This has led some historians to look for Alaric’s origins among the chieftains and nobility of the Gothic tribe of the Thervingi. Among contemporary authors, only the verses of the poet Claudian mention Alaric’s birth. This article explores the possibilities of Alaric’s origin and the internal policies of the Goths living in Roman territory. Most likely, the person of Alaric was more closely associated with the Roman army than is usually thought.

Published
2024
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27. A Diagnostic Dilemma: Job Syndrome Mimics Abusive Trauma

Author

Serbülent Kılıç, Arzu Oto, Orhan Görükmez, and Ayşenur Metin

Subjects
child abuse, job syndrome, physical abuse, Medicine, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

In some cases, making of physical abuse diagnosis can be difficult if the findings were derived from an unusual disease or an unexpected finding of a common disease. A female infant was admitted to emergency department of our hospital, who was suffering from loss of consciousness. Examination and imaging methods revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage, old and new femur fractures, bilateral retinal hemorrhage. Performing genetic tests with multidisciplinary approach concluded that our case was found to have a mutation, DOCK8 (NM_001190458; c.2071G>A; p.Val691Met), suggests to Job syndrome (JS). JS is not only an immunodeficiency syndrome but also can be manifested by skeletal and connective tissue disorders. The fractures were most likely due to JS. Physicians must be aware of these probabilities. On the other hand, though it was only reported in a heterozygous form in GenomAD (genome aggregation database) it has big value that it was homozygous in our case.

Published
2024
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28. The stability of fatty acids in yoghurts produced from bulk milk samples intentionally selected according to dairy production systems

Author

Oto Hanuš, Eva Samková, Jindřich Čítek, Hana Nejeschlebová, Eva Dadáková, Lucie Hasoňová, Michael Rost, Irena Němečková, and Karolína Reindl (ORCID: 0000

Subjects
dairy cow, fermentation, grazing herd, milk fat, stabled herd, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

The fatty acid (FA) composition of milk fat can be positively influenced by the modification of dairy farming and the possible selection of raw material for processing. The question arises as to whether the benefits of a better FA composition will be maintained even after processing dairy products. Thus, the aim was to obtain a more favourable FA composition by a targeted selection of cow's milk (grazing vs stabled herds) and then compare FAs of milk and fermented product (yoghurt). Bulk tank milk of grazing herds had significantly better FA composition than milk of stabled herds (for example, C16:0 28.07% vs 32.27%, P < 0.001; C18:3n-3 0.83% vs 0.41%, P < 0.001; C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (conjugated linoleic acid; CLA) 1.02% vs 0.41%, P < 0.01). The differences between the FAs in milk and yoghurt samples were negligible (in relative values from 0.04% to 5.21%). The correlations between milk and yoghurt for nutritionally important FAs were high, from 0.925 0 (C18:2n-6) to 0.998 8 (CLA; both P < 0.001). The minimal effect of milk fermentation on the original FA composition of milk fat was found. In conclusion, systematic selection of raw cow's milk or modification of farming conditions can also provide a nutritionally desirable composition of final dairy products.

Published
2024
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30. Inflammation biomarkers in OSA, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/OSA overlap syndrome.

Author

Sanchez-Azofra, Ana, Gu, Wanjun, Masso-Silva, Jorge A, Sanz-Rubio, David, Marin-Oto, Marta, Cubero, Pablo, Gil, Ana V, Moya, Esteban A, Barnes, Laura A, Mesarwi, Omar A, Marin, Traci, Simonson, Tatum S, Crotty Alexander, Laura E, Marin, Jose M, and Malhotra, Atul

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Clinical Research, Prevention, Sleep Research, Lung, Cardiovascular, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Inflammation, Biomarkers, Autoimmune Diseases, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, cardiovascular risk, sleep-disordered breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, overlap syndrome, c-reactive protein, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, Clinical Sciences, Other Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Study objectivesThe coexistence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a single individual, also known as overlap syndrome (OVS), is associated with higher cardiovascular risk and mortality than either OSA or COPD alone. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that patients with OVS have elevated systemic inflammatory biomarkers relative to patients with either disease alone, which could explain greater cardiovascular risk observed in OVS.MethodsWe included 255 participants in the study, 55 with COPD alone, 100 with OSA alone, 50 with OVS, and 50 healthy controls. All participants underwent a home sleep study, spirometry, and a blood draw for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and total blood count analysis. In a randomly selected subset of 186 participants, inflammatory protein profiling was performed using Bio-Rad Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex Assays. Biomarker level differences across groups were identified using a mixed linear model.ResultsLevels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were higher in participants with OVS and COPD compared with healthy controls and participants with OSA. Furthermore, participants with OVS had higher circulating levels of leukocytes and neutrophils than those with COPD, OSA, and controls.ConclusionsCOPD and OVS are associated with higher systemic inflammation relative to OSA and healthy controls. This work proposes the potential utilization of interleukin 6, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as screening biomarkers for COPD in patients with OSA. Inflammatory pathways may not fully explain the higher cardiovascular risk observed in OVS, indicating the need for further investigation.CitationSanchez-Azofra A, Gu W, Masso-Silva JA, et al. Inflammation biomarkers in OSA, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/OSA overlap syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(8):1447-1456.

Published
2023

31. Synchronization of spin-driven limit cycle oscillators optically levitated in vacuum

Author

Brzobohaty, Oto, Duchan, Martin, Jakl, Petr, Jezek, Jan, Zemanek, Pavel, and Simpson, Stephen H.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We explore, experimentally and theoretically, the emergence of coherent coupled oscillations and synchronization between a pair of non-Hermitian, stochastic, opto-mechanical oscillators, levitated in vacuum. Each oscillator consists of a polystyrene microsphere trapped in a circularly polarized, counter-propagating Gaussian laser beam. Non-conservative, azimuthal forces, deriving from inhomogeneous optical spin, push the micro-particles out of thermodynamic equilibrium. For modest optical powers each particle shows a tendency towards orbital circulation. Initially, their stochastic motion is weakly correlated. As the power is increased, the tendency towards orbital circulation strengthens and the motion of the particles becomes highly correlated. Eventually, centripetal forces overcome optical gradient forces and the oscillators undergo a collective Hopf bifurcation. For laser powers exceeding this threshold, a pair of limit cycles appear, which synchronize due to weak optical and hydrodynamic interactions. In principle, arrays of such Non-Hermitian elements can be arranged, paving the way for opto-mechanical topological materials or, possibly, classical time crystals. In addition, the preparation of synchronized states in levitated optomechanics could lead to new and robust sensors or alternative routes to the entanglement of macroscopic objects.

Published
2023

33. UM ESTUDO SOBRE A EVOLUÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS

Author

Adauto Jesus de Souza Júnior, David de Jesus Evangelista, Gabrielle Victória da Silva de Jesus, Joice de Jesus Carvalho, Josué Souza Reis, Oto Luiz da Silva Júnior, Rafael Barbosa, and José Araujo Avelino

Subjects
Direitos Humanos, Direitos da pessoa humana, Direitos fundamentais, Direitos naturais, Direitos universais, Law
Abstract

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar os direitos humanos e analisar a realidade dessa área de estudo por meio de uma pesquisa detalhada sobre sua evolução e desenvolvimento ao longo dos séculos. É notório que o instituto jurídico dos direitos humanos foi e continua sendo fundamental para o desenvolvimento da sociedade contemporânea. Ao longo da história da humanidade, esse instituto contribuiu de maneira significativa para organizar e estabelecer limites quanto ao que deve ou não ser aceito quando se trata de violações de direitos e garantias fundamentais. Ademais, na atualidade, torna-se imprescindível discutir sobre os direitos humanos, uma vez que tal instituto é assegurado não apenas pela cidadania, conforme disposto na Constituição Federal de 1988, mas também por diversas leis, dispositivos esparsos, jurisprudências e tratados internacionais, como o Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Civis e Políticos e o Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Econômicos, Sociais e Culturais, que demonstram a importância fundamental por trás dos direitos humanos. Ressalta-se que tais dispositivos frequentemente sofrem violações, especialmente no que diz respeito aos direitos que deveriam ser protegidos e resguardados, por serem inerentes à pessoa humana. Neste artigo, serão descritas as origens, a expansão e os desafios encontrados na efetivação prática de tais direitos. Também serão discutidos os principais problemas, benefícios e aprimoramentos ocorridos ao longo dos séculos, além de como os direitos humanos impactam a humanidade como um todo, considerando um mundo que, inicialmente, foi moldado sem esse instituto e como sua chegada proporcionou mudanças significativas na forma como a humanidade se comporta em relação à dignidade humana.

Published
2024
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34. Análise da execução da contrapartida do componente básico da assistência farmacêutica no Estado da Bahia

Author

Marcelo Ney de Jesus Paixão, Milena Lima Santos, Daniela Nunes Vítor, Cláudia Daniela Santos Souza, Lucineide de Souza Oliveira Santana, Oto Alain Macedo Genot, Adriele da Costa Silveira, and Taíse Santos Machado

Subjects
Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441, Pharmaceutical industry, HD9665-9675
Abstract

Introdução: O Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica (CBAF) é regulamentado pela Portaria GM/MS Nº 1555/2013 que dispõe sobre as normas de seu financiamento e execução no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde. De acordo com o artigo 3º desta portaria, o financiamento do CBAF é de responsabilidade da União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios. Quanto ao recurso sob gerenciamento da contrapartida federal, esse pode ser Fundo a Fundo (FF) ou Gerenciamento Estadual, conforme Resolução da Comissão Intergestores Bipartite (CIB) nº 562/13. Os municípios com Gerenciamento FF recebem a contrapartida federal do Fundo Nacional de Saúde (FNS) para o Fundo Municipal de Saúde, devendo responsabilizar-se tanto pela execução da contrapartida municipal quanto a federal. Para os municípios na condição de Gerenciamento Estadual, a contrapartida federal é transferida do FNS para o Fundo Estadual de Saúde, devendo o Estado responsabilizar-se pela execução da contrapartida federal, além da contrapartida estadual, por meio do repasse em medicamentos e insumos aos municípios. No ano de 2015, a Resolução CIB nº 74/15 aprovou mudanças na forma de repasse do recurso federal, alterando o cenário do perfil dos municípios baianos quanto à forma de gerenciamento do recurso federal para o CBAF. Objetivos: Demonstrar o perfil de gerenciamento dos recursos da contrapartida federal destinados ao CBAF pelos municípios do Estado da Bahia, nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Métodos: Para o levantamento dos dados, foi utilizado o Sistema Integrado de Gerenciamento da Assistência Farmacêutica (SIGAF) e a Resolução CIB nº 74/15. Resultados: Os dados levantados mostram que, no ano de 2014, havia 285 municípios baianos sob Gerenciamento Estadual e 132 municípios sob Gerenciamento FF que, em porcentagem, representavam, respectivamente, 68% e 32% do total de 417 municípios da Bahia. No ano de 2015, após a publicação da Resolução CIB nº 74/15, o percentual passou a ser de 33% de municípios sob Gerenciamento Estadual (139) e 67% (278) sob Gerenciamento FF. Essa alteração teve como base a solicitação dos municípios para a mudança do tipo de gerenciamento do CBAF, impulsionadas pelo desejo de maior autonomia para o gerenciamento dos recursos federais. Conclusão: O perfil de gerenciamento dos recursos da Assistência Farmacêutica na Atenção Básica pelos municípios do Estado da Bahia teve seu panorama alterado no ano de 2015, passando a maioria a adotar o modelo de Gerenciamento FF e, consequentemente, maior autonomia para a utilização do recurso federal. Esse estudo aponta para uma necessidade de avaliação do cumprimento da execução financeira dos municípios sob esse tipo gerenciamento no ano de 2016, com o objetivo de demonstrar se houve maior eficácia na aplicação dos recursos destinados para o CBAF, após a alteração oriunda da Resolução CIB nº 74/15.

Published
2024
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35. The Death of the Short-Form Physics Essay in the Coming AI Revolution

Author

Yeadon, Will, Inyang, Oto-Obong, Mizouri, Arin, Peach, Alex, and Testrow, Craig

Subjects
Physics - Physics Education
Abstract

The latest AI language modules can produce original, high quality full short-form ($300$-word) Physics essays within seconds. These technologies such as ChatGPT and davinci-003 are freely available to anyone with an internet connection. In this work, we present evidence of AI generated short-form essays achieving first-class grades on an essay writing assessment from an accredited, current university Physics module. The assessment requires students answer five open-ended questions with a short, $300$-word essay each. Fifty AI answers were generated to create ten submissions that were independently marked by five separate markers. The AI generated submissions achieved an average mark of $71 \pm 2 \%$, in strong agreement with the current module average of $71 \pm 5 %$. A typical AI submission would therefore most-likely be awarded a First Class, the highest classification available at UK universities. Plagiarism detection software returned a plagiarism score between $2 \pm 1$% (Grammarly) and $7 \pm 2$% (TurnitIn). We argue that these results indicate that current AI MLPs represent a significant threat to the fidelity of short-form essays as an assessment method in Physics courses., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures

Published
2022
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36. Bayesian Estimation of Experimental Parameters in Stochastic Inertial Systems: Theory, Simulations, and Experiments with Objects Levitated in Vacuum

Author

Šiler, Martin, Svak, Vojtěch, Jonáš, Alexandr, Simpson, Stephen H., Brzobohatý, Oto, and Zemánek, Pavel

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

High-quality nanomechanical oscillators can sensitively probe force, mass, or displacement in experiments bridging the gap between the classical and quantum domain. Dynamics of these stochastic systems is inherently determined by the interplay between acting external forces, viscous dissipation, and random driving by the thermal environment. The importance of inertia then dictates that both position and momentum must, in principle, be known to fully describe the system, which makes its quantitative experimental characterization rather challenging. We introduce a general method of Bayesian inference of the force field and environmental parameters in stochastic inertial systems that operates solely on the time series of recorded noisy positions of the system. The method is first validated on simulated trajectories of model stochastic harmonic and anharmonic oscillators with damping. Subsequently, the method is applied to experimental trajectories of particles levitating in tailored optical fields and used to characterize the dynamics of particle motion in a nonlinear Duffing potential, a static or time-dependent double-well potential, and a non-conservative force field. The presented inference procedure does not make any simplifying assumptions about the nature or symmetry of the acting force field and provides robust results with trajectories two orders of magnitude shorter than those typically required by alternative inference schemes. In addition to being a powerful tool for quantitative data analysis, it can also guide experimentalists in choosing appropriate sampling frequency (at least 20 measured points per single characteristic period) and length of the measured trajectories (at least 10 periods) to estimate the force field and environmental characteristics with a desired accuracy and precision.

Published
2022

37. High Positive End-expiratory Pressure (PEEP) with Recruitment Maneuvers versus Low PEEP during General Anesthesia for Surgery: A Bayesian Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Three Randomized Clinical Trials

Author

Mazzinari, Guido, Zampieri, Fernando G., Ball, Lorenzo, Campos, Niklas S., Bluth, Thomas, Hemmes, Sabrine N. T., Ferrando, Carlos, Librero, Julian, Soro, Marina, Pelosi, Paolo, Gama de Abreu, Marcelo, Schultz, Marcus J., Serpa Neto, Ary, Campos, Niklas S., Bluth, Thomas, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Ferrando, Carlos, Pelosi, Paolo, de Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Schultz, Marcus J., Neto, Ary Serpa, Campos, Niklas S., Bluth, Thomas, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Librero, Julian, Pozo, Natividad, Ferrando, Carlos, Ball, Lorenzo, Mazzinari, Guido, Pelosi, Paolo, de Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Schultz, Marcus J., Neto, Ary Serpa, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Gama de Abreu, Marcelo, Severgnini, Paolo, Hollmann, Markus W., Binnekade, Jan M., Wrigge, Hermann, Canet, Jaume, Hiesmayr, Michael, Schmid, Werner, Tschernko, Edda, Jaber, Samir, Hedenstierna, Göran, Putensen, Christian, Pelosi, Paolo, Schultz, Marcus J., Marti, Agnes, Bacuzzi, Alessandro, Brodhun, Alexander, Molin, Alexandre, Merten, Alfred, Parera, Ana, Brunelli, Andrea, Cortegiani, Andrea, Güldner, Andreas, Reske, Andreas W., Gratarola, Angelo, Giarratano, Antonino, Bastin, Bea, Heyse, Bjorn, Mazul-Sunko, Branka, Amantea, Bruno, Barberis, Bruno, Putensen, Christian, Uhlig, Christopher, Minguez Marín, Conrado, Celentano, Cristian, La Bella, Daniela, D’Antini, David, Velghe, David, Sulemanji, Demet, De Robertis, Edoardo, Hartmann, Eric, Montalto, Francesca, Tropea, Francesco, Mills, Gary H., Cinnella, Gilda, Rocca, Giorgio Della, Caggianelli, Girolamo, Pellerano, Giulia, Mollica, Giuseppina, Bugedo, Guillermo, Wrigge, Hermann, Mulier, Jan-Paul, Vandenbrande, Jeroen, Geib, Johann, Yaqub, Jonathan, Florez, Jorge, Mayoral, Juan F., Sprung, Juraj, Van Limmen, Jurgen, Bos, Lieuwe D.J., de Baerdemaeker, Luc, Jamaer, Luc, Spagnolo, Luigi, Strys, Lydia, Granell Gil, Manuel, de Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Vidal Melo, Marcos F., Schultz, Marcus J., Unzueta, Maria Carmen, Moral, Maria Victoria, Ferner, Marion, Hollmann, Markus W., Weiss, Martin, Vanoni, Massimo, Schaefer, Maximilian S., Prieto, Mercè, Grio, Michele, Severgnini, Paolo, Spieth, Peter Markus, Simon, Philipp, Bodger, Phoebe, Sierra, Pilar, Laufenberg-Feldmann, Rita, Rusca, Roberta, Proietti, Rodolfo, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Raineri, Santi Maurizio, Caroleo, Santo, Sabaté, Sergi, De Hert, Stefan, Pezzato, Stefano, Treschan, Tanja A., Goranovic, Tatjana, Koch, Thea, Bluth, Thomas, Kiss, Thomas, Perilli, Valter, Cegarra, Virginia, Schmid, Werner, Ferrando, Carlos, Belda, Javier, Soro, Marina, Canet, Jaume, Unzueta, Carmen, Suarez-Sipmann, Fernando, Librero, Julián, Llombart, Alicia, Rovira, Lucas, Granell, Manuel, Aldecoa, César, Diaz-Cambronero, Oscar, Balust, Jaume, Garutti, Ignacio, Gonzalez, Rafael, Gallego, Lucia, del Valle, Santiago Garcia, Redondo, Javier, Pestaña, David, Rodríguez, Aurelio, García, Javier, de la Matta, Manuel, Ibáñez, Maite, Barrios, Francisco, Hernández, Samuel, Torres, Vicente, Peiró, Salvador, Pozo, Natividad, Villena, Abigail, Carramiñana, Albert, Gallego-Casilda, Alberto, Duca, Alejandro, Alcón, Amalia, Miñana, Amanda, Asensio, Ana, Colás, Ana, Isabel Galve, Ana, Izquierdo, Ana, Jurado, Ana, María Pérez, Ana, Mugarra, Ana, Parera, Ana, Brunelli, Andrea, Gutierrez, Andrea, De Miguel, Ángeles, Lozano, Angels, Katime, Antonio, Romero, Antonio, Garrigues, Beatriz, Ayas, Begoña, Arocas, Blanca, Delgado, Carlos, Fernández, Carmen, Romero, Carolina, Gallego, Clara, Garcés, Cristina, Lisbona, Cristina, Parrilla, Cristina, López-Herrera, Daniel, González, Domingo, Llamazares, Eduardo, Del Rio, Elena, Lozano, Elena, Pastor, Ernesto, Chamorro, Estefanía, Gracia, Estefanía, Sánchez, Ester, Romero, Esther, Díez, Fernando, Serralta, Ferran, Daviu, Francisco, Sandín, Francisco, Aguilar, Gerardo, Tusman, Gerardo, Azparren, Gonzalo, Martínez-Pallí, Graciela, Mazzinari, Guido, Benítez, Inmaculada, Hernandéz, Inmaculada, India, Inmaculada, León, Irene, Fuentes, Isabel, Ruiz, Isabel, Puig, Jaume, Ignacio Román, Javie, Acosta, Jesús, Rico, Jesús, Olmedo, Jonathan, Carbonell, Jose A., Alonso, Jose M., María Pérez, Jose, Miguel Marcos, Jose, Navarro, Jose, Valdivia, Jose, Carrizo, Juan, Piqueras, Laura, Soriano, Laura, Vaquero, Laura, Miguel, Lisset, Muñoz, Lorena, Valencia, Lucia, Olmedilla, Luis, Etulain, Ma Justina, Tisner, Manuel, Barrio, María, Dolores Alonso, María, García, María, Hernández, María J., José Alberola, María, Parra, María, Pilar Argente, María, Vila, María, De Fez, Mario, Agilaga, Marta, Gine, Marta, Ayuso, Mercedes, García, Mercedes, Bejarano, Natalia, Peña, Natalia, Ojeda, Nazario, Martínez, Nilda, García, Nuria, Padrón, Oto, García, Pablo, Valls, Paola, Cruz, Patricia, Piñeiro, Patricia, Charco, Pedro, Anaya, Rafael, López, Ramiro, Rodríguez, Rayco, Martínez, Rocío, Pujol, Roger, Dosdá, Rosa, Lardies, Rosa, Díaz, Ruben, Villazala, Rubén, Zapatero, Sara, Cabrera, Sergio, Sánchez, Sergio, Martin, Silvia, Diaz, Suzana, Franco, Tania, Moreno, Tania, Socorro, Tania, Gilabert, Vicente, Balandrón, Victor, Moral, Victoria, Cegarra, Virgina, Varón, Viviana, Bluth, Thomas, Serpa Neto, Ary, Bobek, Ilona, Canet, Jaume, Cinnella, Gilda, de Baerdemaeker, Luc, Gregoretti, Cesare, Hedenstierna, Göran, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Hiesmayr, Michael, Hollmann, Markus W., Jaber, Samir, Laffey, John, Licker, Marc-Joseph, Markstaller, Klaus, Matot, Idit, Mills, Gary H., Mulier, Jan Paul, Putensen, Christian, Rossaint, Rolf, Schmitt, Jochen, Senturk, Mert, Severgnini, Paolo, Sprung, Juraj, Vidal Melo, Marcos F., Wrigge, Hermann, Schultz, Marcus J., Pelosi, Paolo, de Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Abelha, Fernando, Abitağaoğlu, Sühayla, Achilles, Marc, Adebesin, Afeez, Adriaensens, Ine, Ahene, Charles, Akbar, Fatima, Al Harbi, Mohammed, Al Khoury al Kallab, Rita, Albanel, Xavier, Aldenkortt, Florence, Alfouzan, Rawan Abdullah Saleh, Alruqaie, Reef, Altermatt, Fernando, Araujo, Bruno Luís de Castro, Arbesú, Genaro, Artsi, Hanna, Aurilio, Caterina, Ayanoglu, Omer Hilmi, Bacuzzi, Alessandro, Baig, Harris, Baird, Yolanda, Balonov, Konstantin, Balust, Jaume, Banks, Samantha, Bao, Xiaodong, Baumgartner, Mélanie, Belda Tortosa, Isabel, Bergamaschi, Alice, Bergmann, Lars, Bigatello, Luca, Biosca Pérez, Elena, Birr, Katja, Bluth, Thomas, Bojaxhi, Elird, Bonenti, Chiara, Bonney, Iwona, Bos, Elke M.E., Bowman, Sara, Braz, Leandro Gobbo, Brugnoni, Elisa, Brull, Sorin J., Brunetti, Iole, Bruni, Andrea, Buenvenida, Shonie L., Busch, Cornelius Johannes, Camerini, Giovanni, Canet, Jaume, Capatti, Beatrice, Carmona, Javiera, Carungcong, Jaime, Carvalho, Marta, Cattan, Anat, Cavaleiro, Carla, Chiumello, Davide, Ciardo, Stefano, Coburn, Mark, Colella, Umberto, Contreras, Victor, Corman Dincer, Pelin, Cotter, Elizabeth, Crovetto, Marcia, Darrah, William, Davies, Simon, de Baerdemaeker, Luc, De Hert, Stefan, Del Cojo Peces, Enrique, Delphin, Ellise, Diaper, John, do Nascimento, Paulo, Jr., Donatiello, Valerio, Dong, Jing, Dourado, Maria do Socorro, Dullenkopf, Alexander, Ebner, Felix, Elgendy, Hamed, Ellenberger, Christoph, Erdoğan Ari, Dilek, Ermert, Thomas, Farah, Fadi, Fernandez-Bustamante, Ana, Ferreira, Cristina, Fiore, Marco, Fonte, Ana, Fortià Palahí, Christina, Galimberti, Andrea, Gama de Abreu, Marcelo, Garofano, Najia, Giaccari, Luca Gregorio, Gilsanz, Fernando, Girrbach, Felix, Gobbi, Luca, Godfried, Marc Bernard, Goettel, Nicolai, Goldstein, Peter A., Goren, Or, Gorlin, Andrew, Granell Gil, Manuel, Gratarola, Angelo, Graterol, Juan, Guyon, Pierre, Haire, Kevin, Harou, Philippe, Helf, Antonia, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Hempel, Gunther, Hernández Cádiz, María José, Heyse, Björn, Hollmann, Markus W., Huercio, Ivan, Ilievska, Jasmina, Jakus, Lien, Jeganath, Vijay, Jelting, Yvonne, Jung, Minoa, Kabon, Barbara, Kacha, Aalok, Karaman Ilić, Maja, Karuppiah, Arunthevaraja, Kavas, Ayse Duygu, Keli Barcelos, Gleicy, Kellogg, Todd A., Kemper, Johann, Kerbrat, Romain, Khodr, Suraya, Kienbaum, Peter, Kir, Bunyamin, Kiss, Thomas, Kivrak, Selin, Klarić, Vlasta, Koch, Thea, Köksal, Ceren, Kowark, Ana, Kranke, Peter, Kuvaki, Bahar, Kuzmanovska, Biljana, Laffey, John, Lange, Mirko, Lemos, Marília Freitas de, Licker, Marc-Joseph, López-Baamonde, Manuel, López-Hernández, Antonio, Lopez-Martinez, Mercedes, Luise, Stéphane, MacGregor, Mark, Machado, Humberto S., Magalhães, Danielle, Maillard, Julien, Malerbi, Patrizia, Manimekalai, Natesan, Margarson, Michael, Markstaller, Klaus, Martin, Archer K, Martin, David P., Martin, Yvette N., Martínez-Ocon, Julia, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Maseda, Emilio, Matot, Idit, McAuliffe, Niamh, McKenzie, Travis J., Medina, Paulina, Meersch, Melanie, Menzen, Angelika, Mertens, Els, Meurer, Bernd, Meyer-Treschan, Tanja, Miao, Changhong, Micalizzi, Camilla, Milić, Morena, Módolo, Norma Sueli Pinheiro, Moine, Pierre, Mölders, Patrick, Montero-Feijoo, Ana, Moret, Enrique, Muller, Markus K, Murphy, Zoe, Nalwaya, Pramod, Filip, Naumovski, Navalesi, Paolo, Navarro e Lima, Lais Helena, Nesek Adam, Višnja, Neumann, Claudia, Newell, Christopher, Nisnevitch, Zoulfira, Nizamuddin, Junaid, Novazzi, Cecilia, Nunes, Catarina S, O’Connor, Michael, Oprea, Günther, Orhan Sungur, Mukadder, Özbilgin, Şule, Pace, Maria Caterina, Pacheco, Marcos, Packianathaswamy, Balaji, Palma Gonzalez, Estefania, Papaspyros, Fotios, Paredes, Sebastián, Passavanti, Maria Beatrice, Pedemonte, Juan Cristobal, Pelosi, Paolo, Peremin, Sanja, Philipsenburg, Christoph, Pinho, Daniela, Pinho, Silvia, Posthuma, Linda M., Pota, Vincenzo, Preckel, Benedikt, Priani, Paolo, Putensen, Christian, Rached, Mohamed Aymen, Radoeshki, Aleksandar, Ragazzi, Riccardo, Rajamanickam, Tamilselvan, Rajamohan, Arthi, Ramakrishna, Harish, Rangarajan, Desikan, Reiterer, Christian, Renew, J. Ross, Reynaud, Thomas, Rhys, Rhidian, Rivas, Eva, Robitzky, Luisa, Rossaint, Rolf, Rubulotta, Francesca, Sabbatini, Giovanni, Samuels, Jon D, Sanahuja, Josep Martí, Sansone, Pasquale, Santos, Alice, Sayedalahl, Mohamed, Schaefer, Maximilian S., Scharffenberg, Martin, Schiffer, Eduardo, Schliewe, Nadja, Schorer, Raoul, Schultz, Marcus J., Schumann, Roman, Selmo, Gabriele, Sendra, Mar, Senturk, Mert, Severgnini, Paolo, Shaw, Kate, Shosholcheva, Mirjana, Sibai, Abdulrazak, Simon, Philipp, Simonassi, Francesca, Sinno, Claudia, Sivrikoz, Nukhet, Skandalou, Vasiliki, Smith, Neil, Soares, Maria, Socorro Artiles, Tania, Sousa Castro, Diogo, Sousa, Miguel, Spadaro, Savino, Sprung, Juraj, Stamatakis, Emmanouil, Steiner, Luzius A., Stevenazzi, Andrea, Suarez-de-la-Rica, Alejandro, Suppan, Mélanie, Teichmann, Robert, Tena Guerrero, José Maria, Thiel, Bram, Tolós, Raquel, Tucci, Michelle, Turnbull, Zachary A., Turudić, Žana, Unterberg, Matthias, Van Limmen, Jurgen, Van Nieuwenhove, Yves, Van Waesberghe, Julia, Vidal Melo, Marcos Francisco, Vitković, Bibiana, Vivona, Luigi, Vizcaychipi, Marcela, Volta, Carlo Alberto, Weber, Anne, Weingarten, Toby N., Wittenstein, Jakob, Wrigge, Hermann, Wyffels, Piet, Yagüe, Julio, Yates, David, Yavru, Ayşen, Zac, Lilach, and Zhong, Jing

Published
2025
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40. Sociální klima učitelských sborů: Kvalitativní kvaziexperiment

Author

Andrea Rozkovcová, Petr Urbánek, Helena Picková, Jitka Jursová, Magda Nišponská, and Oto Dymokurský

Subjects
Education
Abstract

The favourable social climate of the teaching staff is one of the key indicators of the quality of school functioning. The text presents five research phases of a qualitative longitudinal pre-post quasi-experiment implemented in the environment of school life. In 37 schools, the climate of the teaching staffs was repeatedly measured with the OCDQ-RS questionnaire in the pre- and post-intervention phase of the experiment. In six of these schools, qualitative research procedures were carried out in order to determine the causes and contexts of the state of the climate and intervention procedures aimed at supporting the development of a favourable teaching staff climate. In the post-intervention phase, focus groups were implemented in six intervened schools to supplement the context. The aim of the research was to find out what effects intervention procedures can have on the climate and under what conditions they can be successful. The results confirm repeated findings about the key role of school leadership in shaping and maintaining a favourable climate of the staff by increasing trust across the staff, promoting open communication and meaningful cooperation of all actors, and leading to shared meanings of events in the school and general acceptance of the school’s values and concept.

Published
2024
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41. Roadmap for optical tweezers

Author

Volpe, Giovanni, Maragò, Onofrio M, Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina, Pesce, Giuseppe, Stilgoe, Alexander B, Volpe, Giorgio, Tkachenko, Georgiy, Truong, Viet Giang, Chormaic, Síle Nic, Kalantarifard, Fatemeh, Elahi, Parviz, Käll, Mikael, Callegari, Agnese, Marqués, Manuel I, Neves, Antonio AR, Moreira, Wendel L, Fontes, Adriana, Cesar, Carlos L, Saija, Rosalba, Saidi, Abir, Beck, Paul, Eismann, Jörg S, Banzer, Peter, Fernandes, Thales FD, Pedaci, Francesco, Bowen, Warwick P, Vaippully, Rahul, Lokesh, Muruga, Roy, Basudev, Thalhammer-Thurner, Gregor, Ritsch-Marte, Monika, García, Laura Pérez, Arzola, Alejandro V, Castillo, Isaac Pérez, Argun, Aykut, Muenker, Till M, Vos, Bart E, Betz, Timo, Cristiani, Ilaria, Minzioni, Paolo, Reece, Peter J, Wang, Fan, McGloin, David, Ndukaife, Justus C, Quidant, Romain, Roberts, Reece P, Laplane, Cyril, Volz, Thomas, Gordon, Reuven, Hanstorp, Dag, Marmolejo, Javier Tello, Bruce, Graham D, Dholakia, Kishan, Li, Tongcang, Brzobohatý, Oto, Simpson, Stephen H, Zemánek, Pavel, Ritort, Felix, Roichman, Yael, Bobkova, Valeriia, Wittkowski, Raphael, Denz, Cornelia, Kumar, GV Pavan, Foti, Antonino, Donato, Maria Grazia, Gucciardi, Pietro G, Gardini, Lucia, Bianchi, Giulio, Kashchuk, Anatolii V, Capitanio, Marco, Paterson, Lynn, Jones, Philip H, Berg-Sørensen, Kirstine, Barooji, Younes F, Oddershede, Lene B, Pouladian, Pegah, Preece, Daryl, Adiels, Caroline Beck, De Luca, Anna Chiara, Magazzù, Alessandro, Ciriza, David Bronte, Iatì, Maria Antonia, and Swartzlander, Grover A

Subjects
Physical Sciences, Classical Physics, Nanotechnology, Bioengineering, optical tweezers, optical trapping, optical manipulation, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Quantum physics
Abstract

Optical tweezers are tools made of light that enable contactless pushing, trapping, and manipulation of objects, ranging from atoms to space light sails. Since the pioneering work by Arthur Ashkin in the 1970s, optical tweezers have evolved into sophisticated instruments and have been employed in a broad range of applications in the life sciences, physics, and engineering. These include accurate force and torque measurement at the femtonewton level, microrheology of complex fluids, single micro- and nano-particle spectroscopy, single-cell analysis, and statistical-physics experiments. This roadmap provides insights into current investigations involving optical forces and optical tweezers from their theoretical foundations to designs and setups. It also offers perspectives for applications to a wide range of research fields, from biophysics to space exploration.

Published
2023

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