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This study will examine whether learning that money positively affects psychological well-being will increase support for income redistribution and for equality of outcomes. To test whether such information can have a causal effect on redistributive preferences, we plan to conduct an online experiment on a sample of US adults where participants will be exposed to findings from previous research on income/money and psychological well-being. Participants will be randomized into four experimental conditions (3 treatments and one control). In Treatment 1, participants will learn that money decreases unhappiness. In Treatment 2, participants will learn that money does not decrease unhappiness. Treatment 3 is identical to Treatment 1, except that it focuses on happiness rather than unhappiness. In the control group, participants will read a text of similar length on an unrelated topic. Participants will then be asked questions about their preferences for redistribution. The analysis will test whether participants in Treatment 1 have higher redistributive preference and whether they are more likely to support equality of outcomes than participants in each of the other experimental conditions. Specifically, the comparison of Treatment 1 vs. Control tests whether information exposure about a causal income-unhappiness link has an effect on redistributive preferences compared to the baseline. The comparison of Treatment 1 vs. Treatment 2 tests whether information exposure about a causal income-unhappiness link has an effect compared to being simply primed to think about income and unhappiness as unrelated constructs. Finally, comparing Treatment 1 vs. Treatment 3 allows us to learn whether a frame focused on amelioration of misery (negative well-being) is more impactful than an otherwise identical frame focused on increasing happiness (positive well-being).

This analysis replicates the results of the first analysis under this project and extends it in a few ways.

This study will aim to replicate finding from Study 2 from Bastian et al. (2012) that motivated-cognition processes make people rate the mental capacities of animals (lambs and cows) as comparatively lower when they learn that these animals are bred for human consumption and will be slaughtered. Besides directly replicating Study 2 from Bastian et al., 2012, we also aim to extend this study by testing whether the effect of motivated cognition is moderated by meat-eating; we expect that motivated-cognition effect should be stronger in persons who eat meat. References Bastian, B., Loughnan, S., Haslam, N., & Radke, H. R. M. (2012). Don’t Mind Meat? The Denial of Mind to Animals Used for Human Consumption. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(2), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211424291

A scoping literature review on the commonalities of Direct Support Professionals through COVID-19 (2019 - 2022) for mental health markers including secondary trauma stress, compassion care (i.e,. the recognition or understanding of emotional/physical stress of the persons cared for), compassion fatigue (i.e., personal impact of caregiving, AIS, American Institute of Stress definition), burnout (I.e,. willingness to continue in a role), depression, social isolation, and other self reported markers for exhaustion.

The purpose of the Talk About Privacy study is to gain a better understanding of attitudes and experiences related to different aspects of privacy. Ultimately, the project aims to serve as an independent informative tool, capturing major actors in privacy debates, topics covered in these debates, and attitudes towards privacy over time. Its goal is to provide the public, policymakers, academic researchers, and companies with a comprehensive overview of what influential voices and experts in privacy are thinking about current and future issues related to privacy. The Talk About Privacy (TAP) Pilot study seeks to conduct a survey recruitment experiment using social media (Twitter) for understanding how keywords of tweets might relate to study eligibility and how different contact methods via the twitter platform might impact response rates.

Social media has created a new way of feminist activism in the world, including a rapid rise in 'fempreneurs' feminist entrepreneurs. With many fempreneurs turning to social media apps such as Tik Tok and Instagram as a platform to post their activism, and turn it into a profitable career for personal financial gains. I analyzed a popular Tik Tok influencer who is famous for being a feminist advocate on the platform calling out men, and analyze her posts in order to observe the types of feminism that goes viral on social media. Overall, it is evident from my research that neoliberal feminism is the type of feminism that gains attention on social media and can be commodified for profit, a key objective in neoliberal society.

This article assesses whether or not a cultural event can play a peacebuilding role during the post-violence phase of conflict. Cultural expression has long been a contentious issue in Northern Ireland, no more so than in Derry/Londonderry, the city at the center of this study. Adopting a qualitative approach, the authors used the city's Fleadh Cheoil (2013) event as a case study and found that it served three of the seven peacebuilding functions outlined by Paffenholz and Spurk: social cohesion, in-group socialization, and intermediation/facilitation. The findings suggest that the event enabled positive change by building "bridges" and developing intercommunal trust and cross-culture understanding. This did not happen by chance and nor was it unproblematic. However, inclusivity was a core objective and the event was planned and managed accordingly. This required strong leadership, risk taking, sensitivity, and a willingness to negotiate and compromise. In turn, this created the conditions for cross community dialogue that had ramifications beyond the cultural realm. Although this article has demonstrated how a cultural event can play a role in peacebuilding, it does not suggest that culture events are a panacea for sectarianism, bias, or conflict in Northern Ireland or elsewhere. However, if planned properly they can contribute to the peacebuilding process by providing an opportunity for people to navigate difficulties and develop shared experiences in complex and challenging conditions. These can help build trust, tolerance, understanding and confidence that enable divided societies to coexist more peacefully.

this is a re-regoistration as the coding of one of the variables was pre-registered incorrectly

The objective of the project is to investigate the associations between the level of household income and attitudes towards welfare measures taken by the state. With the United Kingdom being selected as the optimal vantage point, the study will examine the dominance of economic self-interest in espousing support for state coverage of basic services and belief in the effectiveness of social security.

Testing whether shattering the illusion of explanatory depth make speople believe American society did not peak as far back as they believe.

Tests the effect of terror management theory on feeling of societal pessimism and denigrating children of the day

This tests whether people think they peaked in their early 30s comparing mTurk to a probability sample of American adults

This study is a follow-up study to a preregistered study that can be found here: https://osf.io/79n3p/?view_only=9c22d64bbc7f4ae38ba2b9d1306130b8. In the present study, we want to answer the following two main research questions: (1) Does the provision of dynamic norm information (i.e., decreasing consumption of meat-based meals in the general population; for similar manipulation, see, e.g., Sparkman & Walton, 2019) have a positive effect on the intention to consume meatless food? (2) Does the provision of such dynamic norm information trigger a self-defense mechanism (countering cognitive dissonance due to discrepancy associated with the meat paradox; for details see Bastian & Loughnan, 2017) specifically through (a) a denial of responsibility for meat consumption; (b) a denial of harm due to meat consumption, and (c) protection of self-identity by judging personal characteristics of vegetarians harshly? References: Bastian, B., & Loughnan, S. (2017). Resolving the Meat-Paradox: A Motivational Account of Morally Troublesome Behavior and Its Maintenance. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 21(3), 278–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868316647562 Sparkman, G., & Walton, G. M. (2019). Witnessing change: Dynamic norms help resolve diverse barriers to personal change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 82, 238–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.01.007

The purpose of this research is to investigate whether and to what extent robots can have the characteristic of 'mukokuseki,' defined as a lack of ethnic and/or nationality cues, in terms of their visual characteristics. Using an online survey, we will focus on how the degree of anthropomorphism of a robot affects the way people perceive the robot's nationality.

Languages vary in the ways in which they encode time. In some languages, like German, the same grammatical tense is often used to refer to both present and future events (“futureless languages”; “weak FTR languages”). Other languages, like English and French have the obligatory grammatical marking of the future tense. (“futured languages”; “strong FTR languages”). Studies have shown that the use of languages which grammatically associate the future and the present tends to correlate with more future-oriented economic behavior. We take an experimental approach to go beyond correlation, and to identify causality. In the proposed experiment we employ a within person design. We plan to ask bilingual participants, fluent in both German and English to make a set of future-oriented economic decisions. In order to capture participants' time discount rates in the two languages, in each language, participants will be asked to make a set of binary choices about whether they wished to be paid a certain amount of money earlier ($3 today), or a larger amount of money later (the following week). We will ask the participants to make a choice with eleven binary decision problems constructed thus, varying the value of the future compensation to be received a week hence from $3.05 to $7. The order will be randomized, so that about half of the participants will be first asked in English and then in German, and others will be first asked in German and then in English. In each language, a language proficiency test will be administered before the payment questions are asked (it will serve both as a filler task and as a proficiency test) We predict that when addressed in English, a language in which the future is distinctly marked, participants will value events in the future less than when addressed in German, a language in which the present and the future are similarly marked.

Exponential random graph models (ERGM) have been widely applied in the social sciences in the past ten years. However, diagnostics for ERGM have lagged behind their use. Collinearity-type problems can emerge without detection when fitting ERGM, skewing coefficients, biasing standard errors, and yielding inconsistent model estimates. This article provides a method to detect multicollinearity in ERGM. It outlines the problem and provides a method to calculate the variance inflation factor from ERGM parameters. It then evaluates the method with a Monte Carlo simulation, fitting 216,000 ERGMs and calculating the variance inflation factors for each model. The distribution of variance inflation factors is analyzed using multilevel regression to determine what network characteristics lend themselves to collinearity-type problems. The relationship between variance inflation factors and unstable standard errors (a standard sign of collinearity) is also examined. The method is shown to effectively detect multicollinearity and guidelines for interpretation are discussed.

As machines become increasingly intelligent, many roles that have been traditionally taken by people are now supplemented or augmented by machines and algorithms. Such roles require various levels of interaction between people and machines/algorithms that make decisions, thus research into human-machine interaction is timelier than ever. Recently, research on this topic has adopted methods from behavioral economics and behavioral psychology to study how people react and interact with bots by employing incentivized games. This interdisciplinary approach is gradually recognized and increasingly adopted by the academy and industry to understand the underlying mechanisms that drive differences from platform to platform, and to forecast each platform’s performance. We build on recent work by Jordan and colleagues to investigate the behaviors of fairness, punishment and trust when people are interacting with bots [1]. We carried out an online experiment that includes a two stage game following [1]; a third-party-punishment game followed by a trust game with approximately 3500 participants who interacted with one another and bots that made pre-determined decisions. We are building on this prior work in this study where we now investigate the level of consensus around behaviors, and their relationship to the trust one gains when behaving according to the consensus view. In short, we have two main expectations (1) the higher the level of consensus about a behavior, the higher the level of trust; and (2) the differences in trust gain can partially or fully account for the differences between trust gains across experimental conditions that manipulate the signalled identity of interaction partners.

A central and long-running debate in the economic voting literature concerns whether voters mainly evaluate the incumbent on the basis of the national economy or their own pocketbook. Drawing on social identity theory, this project explores a third possibility which has been largely overlooked: that when evaluating the economy, voters may in fact care about the economic situation of their own social group(s). Although the direct evidence for group-based economic voting in the literature is sparse, the theoretical case for it is compelling. Group loyalties are known to play a profound role in political behavior and in-group solidarity may drive individuals to care about how fellow group members are doing. Group outcomes may also play a purely instrumental role in helping selfish individuals make sense of how economic developments affect them personally. In addition to such material concerns, selfish voters may care about the group’s economic success to the extent that they derive social status from their group membership. The current lack of evidence for this type of economic voting should not tell us much. It has received surprisingly little attention, and the few studies that do touch on it do not adequately theorize it nor test it very well. Any empirical evidence is correlational and consistent with several alternative explanations. In addition, I argue, group-based economic voting is easily masked by seemingly egotropic and sociotropic voting in aggregate-level data. All in all, it seems ripe for further research. This project seeks to make two main contributions. First, it develops a systematic theoretical framework for group-based economic voting. This includes, most importantly, what may motivate voters to evaluate the economy on the basis of social groups rooted in e.g. class, ethnicity, age and locality. Voters may be driven by self-interest or in-group solidarity, and the desired benefit may be material wellbeing or social status. Moreover, the framework outlines how this behaviour – even that which is selfish and instrumental – depends on certain aspects of group attachments, in particular strength of self-categorization, political salience, affective identification and identity centrality. Second, the project aims to test the theory of group-based economic voting in a novel Danish survey experiment. In a set of treatment conditions, respondents receive different economic information about either their social in-group, social out-groups and/or the national economy. These groups include ethnic, class, gender, age, occupational, and location groups. Respondents’ attitudes towards the economy and incumbent approval are subsequently measured as outcomes. Beyond overall causal effect estimates, the setup enables us to disentangle the different motivations for group-based economic voting mentioned above. The results of this study has important implications for the theory of economic voting and political behaviour more broadly. The finding that voters evaluate the economy through the lens of social groups would challenge the common dichotomy between egotropic and sociotropic voting. It would also synthesize two drivers of voting behaviour that are often framed in opposition, namely material interests and social identity motivations. This could help cast new light on phenomena like voters who feel economically ‘left behind’ and the working class’ far right vote. From a theoretical perspective, group-based economic voting would have implications for our understanding of electoral accountability as it would suggest that incumbent popularity depends on how economic outcomes are distributed among salient social groups and not just aggregate individual inequality or macroeconomic growth. This would for example enable politicians to shape economic voting by strategically framing economic developments in terms of particular social groups.

While the mental health of immigrants is a growing issue that is attracting increasing interest from researchers and decision-makers because the stakes seem huge for societies, the same cannot be said for the mental health of immigrant students especially for international students. Indeed, the mental health of immigrant students and their use of mental health services is still poorly documented despite the significant increase in the number of these students in our schools and societies. This scoping review is aimed at addressing and exploring gaps in existing research regarding access to mental health care among immigrant students by identifying barriers and facilitators to the use of mental health services in High-income countries.

An Holistic Approach to India’s particular TRIBE’s/ ADIBASI’s Culture, Heritage, Customs, Traditional Beliefs and Values, Practices, Cultural Development, Inter-cultural Facts; Intra-cultural facts, Language origin, Language Attitudes, Language Adoption , Value Maintenance, Cultural Maintenance through language, Language Technology and Future Perspectives of the Tribal community. Ethno-linguistics study on any Tribal community will be appreciated. The status of the community’s language and how they are dealing with a dominant language near them can be also be studied and included in your research work. Notwithstanding the above mentioned areas research papers, nearby thematic areas, are too welcomed.

Many definitions of autonomy and sentience are used by scientists, philosophers, and the public to explain the minds and behaviors of entities like humans, nonhuman animals, and artificial intelligences (AIs). Autonomous and sentient capacities are central to discussions about AIs in particular and the two terms are frequently used in conjunction with each other. Although there are numerous and varied conceptualizations of both terms within scholarship, scientists and philosophers routinely identify and define what they mean by "autonomy" and "sentience". How do people in the general public routinely think of these two concepts? Do lay perceptions correspond to scholarly definitions? We consider these questions with three studies that are intended to set up future studies on the same topic.

Feminist campaigns such as #MeToo, #BeenRapedNeverReported, and #YesAllWomen represent only a fraction of the numerous digital campaigns that feminists have created to challenge rape culture and to call out other forms of oppression, provide public and easily accessible spaces that can contribute to learning about, challenging, and dismantling misogyny and rape culture. Digital technologies and social media platforms have had a significant influence on feminists’ ability to organize and advocate across various platforms while simultaneously reaching a large audience to fight against misogyny, patriarchy, and sexism. However, there are significant gaps in this research such as the challenges that correspond to digital feminist activism and digital archiving, a major reason being its modernity. Our team examined past and present digital campaigns that allowed us to analyze trends of digital campaigns as well as the gaps in the history of digital feminist activism and archiving, and allowed us to contribute to fill these gaps.

This work examines contemporary and historical modes of commuting in North America and in parts of Europe as it relates to job and life satisfaction in addition to the effects of commuting on the environment. The first section of this paper is a brief introduction on commuting and what it entails; followed by a number of sections on commuting in different countries; the sociological and environmental implications of commuting; and finally policy recommendations regarding commuting and the environment. With the changing climate, it is important that we re-examine and evaluate commuting as it exists today, as it has existed, and how it might exist in the future in a more environmentally friendly form.

Our study explores how people identify, negotiate, and keep track of their housework routines. This is the preregistration for survey 1.

This dissertation explores contemporary Aboriginal spatial practices in Yamatji country, Western Australia, within the context of rural service provision by the State government. The central themes with which it engages are a) historical and contemporary conceptualisations of Aboriginal spatialities; b) the lived experiences of Aboriginal mobilities in the region; and c) the dialectical, and often contentious, relationship between Aboriginal spatial practices and public health, housing, and education services. Drawing primarily on a range of field interviews, the thesis opens up a discursive space for examining the cultural content and hidden assumptions in constructions of 'appropriate' models of spatial mobility. In taking a policy-oriented focus, it argues that the appropriate provision of basic government services requires a shift away from overly simplistic assumptions and discourses of Aboriginal mobility. Until the often subtle practices of rendering particular Aboriginal mobilities as irrational, deviant, and/or mysterious are challenged and replaced, deep-colonising practices in rural and remote Australia will persist. --The thesis reconceptualises contemporary Aboriginal spatial practices in Yamatji country based upon an examination of dynamics and circumstances that undergird Aboriginal mobilities in the region. With this empirical focus, it argues that Aboriginal spatial practices are fashioned by the processes of procuring, cultivating and contesting a sense of security and belonging. Case study material presented suggests that two primary considerations inform these processes. A post-settlement history of contested alienation from family and country (both sources from which belonging and security were traditionally derived), and a changing engagement with mainstream social and economic institutions, have produced a context in which security and belonging are iteratively derived from a number of sources. Contemporary Aboriginal spatial practices therefore take a complex variety of forms. The thesis concludes that adopting the framework of security and belonging for interpreting contemporary Aboriginal mobilities provides a starting point for engaging more effectively and intentionally with dynamic Aboriginal spatial practices in service delivery policy and practice.

Test Description

Battle movement of German and Soviet units during the early phases of Operation Barbarossa (July - September 1941). The map shows the German advances (left) against Russian defenders (right, symbols with stars). The map depicts division level units. The lines depict the average German (gray / black) advance and Soviety (red / pink) retreatbearings. After ten days of movement the battle stagnates just past Smolensk. The Soviet troops (marked with stars) resiliently block the advance of the German forces. The map also shows that the troop density at the front increases, rather than decreases, which is evidence of hard fighting. The Panzer divisions (pink squares) are also heavily and constantly present on the map, similarly indicating significant enemy engagements. They are constantly opposed by new Soviet armored troops sent in to block them off. We see that the battle of Smolensk was a much harder fight than what the classical histories often depict. Only in part a battle of movement, the clash was hard-fought and it cost the Germans a significant number of casualties, which ultimately delayed and weakened their advance to Moscow.

Over the last decade the popularity of video games has risen tremendously. A new industry around professional gaming has emerged alongside this growth in the popularity of video games. In professional gaming, individuals play video games competitively while their matches and games are streamed online to a global audience. As a result of the growth in the sector, compensation for some individuals has reached well into six and seven figures. Knowledge of these salaries has resulted in an influx of individuals interested in working in professional gaming. This study investigates not only those individuals who play video games professionally, but also those who work in the periphery and infrastructure of the gaming industry. This dissertation critically investigates work in the professional gaming industry drawing on qualitative interview data. Two primary questions are asked: What is the nature of work in professional gaming? What are the experiences of individuals who pursue careers and work in this industry? This exploratory research utilizes thirty-four semi-structured interviews with individuals involved in the professional gaming industry. The participants describe a range of challenges, difficulties, and issues they experience both transitioning into and working in this industry. The results suggest that work in professional gaming is rife with exploitation, precarity, and non-standard work arrangements. Pursuing a career in this industry is difficult, and participants often lack social support during their transition from playing video games as leisure to being employed in professional gaming. This lack of social support is not determinative and the participants often accessed their social capital in other ways in order to succeed. Financial difficulties, geographic challenges, and issues with discrimination and sexism were faced by the participants working in this industry. The present study provides important recommendations for future research. Overall, the study sheds new light on the nature of work in this industry – work that many dismiss as simply leisure – revealing tensions, contradictions, and inequalities within it.