115 results on '"Otero, Noelia"'
Search Results
2. A copula-based assessment of renewable energy droughts across Europe
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Otero, Noelia, Martius, Olivia, Allen, Sam, Bloomfield, Hannah, and Schaefli, Bettina
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- 2022
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3. Temperature dependence of tropospheric ozone under NOx reductions over Germany
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Otero, Noelia, Rust, Henning W., and Butler, Tim
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- 2021
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4. A global point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in neonatal intensive care units: The no-more-antibiotics and resistance (NO-MAS-R) study
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Prusakov, Pavel, Goff, Debra A., Wozniak, Phillip S., Cassim, Azraa, Scipion, Catherine E.A., Urzúa, Soledad, Ronchi, Andrea, Zeng, Lingkong, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Aviles-Otero, Noelia, Udeigwe-Okeke, Chisom R., Melamed, Rimma, Silveira, Rita C., Auriti, Cinzia, Beltrán-Arroyave, Claudia, Zamora-Flores, Elena, Sanchez-Codez, Maria, Donkor, Eric S., Kekomäki, Satu, Mainini, Nicoletta, Trochez, Rosalba Vivas, Casey, Jamalyn, Graus, Juan M., Muller, Mallory, Singh, Sara, Loeffen, Yvette, Pérez, María Eulalia Tamayo, Ferreyra, Gloria Isabel, Lima-Rogel, Victoria, Perrone, Barbara, Izquierdo, Giannina, Cernada, María, Stoffella, Sylvia, Ekenze, Sebastian Okwuchukwu, de Alba-Romero, Concepción, Tzialla, Chryssoula, Pham, Jennifer T., Hosoi, Kenichiro, Consuegra, Magdalena Cecilia Calero, Betta, Pasqua, Hoyos, O. Alvaro, Roilides, Emmanuel, Naranjo-Zuñiga, Gabriela, Oshiro, Makoto, Garay, Victor, Mondì, Vito, Mazzeo, Danila, Stahl, James A., Cantey, Joseph B., Monsalve, Juan Gonzalo Mesa, Normann, Erik, Landgrave, Lindsay C., Mazouri, Ali, Avila, Claudia Alarcón, Piersigilli, Fiammetta, Trujillo, Monica, Kolman, Sonya, Delgado, Verónica, Guzman, Veronica, Abdellatif, Mohamed, Monterrosa, Luis, Tina, Lucia Gabriella, Yunis, Khalid, Rodriguez, Marco Antonio Belzu, Saux, Nicole Le, Leonardi, Valentina, Porta, Alessandro, Latorre, Giuseppe, Nakanishi, Hidehiko, Meir, Michal, Manzoni, Paolo, Norero, Ximena, Hoyos, Angela, Arias, Diana, Sánchez, Rubén García, Medoro, Alexandra K., and Sánchez, Pablo J.
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- 2021
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5. Calculating Standardised Indices Using SEI
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Allen, Sam, primary and Otero, Noelia, additional
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- 2023
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6. Framework for Considering Abnormal Heart Rate Characteristics and Other Signs of Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.
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Kumar, Rupin S., Otero, Noelia Aviles, Abubakar, Maryam O., Elliott, Megan R., Wiggins, Jaclyn Y., Sharif, Misky M., Sullivan, Brynne A., and Fairchild, Karen D.
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VERY low birth weight , *BLOOD , *RESEARCH funding , *NEONATAL intensive care units , *RESPIRATORY insufficiency , *NEONATAL intensive care , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *HEART beat , *CELL culture , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *NEONATAL sepsis , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Objective A heart rate characteristics index (HeRO score), incorporating low variability and superimposed decelerations, was developed as a sepsis risk indicator for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A rise in the risk score should prompt consideration of other clinical changes that may be signs of sepsis to decide whether a workup and antibiotics are needed. We aimed to develop a framework to systematically consider signs potentially indicating sepsis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Study Design We developed easy-recall acronyms for 10 signs of sepsis in VLBW infants. Over 12 months in a level IV NICU, neonatology fellows completed a brief survey after each shift to document changes prompting sepsis workups. We analyzed associations between survey data, hourly heart rate characteristic data, and the diagnosis of the workup, grouped as culture-positive sepsis (CXSEP, positive blood or urine culture), clinical sepsis (CLINSEP, negative cultures treated with antibiotics ≥5 days), or sepsis ruled out (SRO, negative cultures and <3 days antibiotics). Results We analyzed 93 sepsis workups in 48 VLBW infants (35 CXSEP, 20 CLINSEP, and 38 SRO). The most frequently cited changes prompting the workups were heart rate patterns and respiratory deterioration, which were common in all three categories. Low blood pressure and poor perfusion were uncommonly cited but were more likely to be associated with CXSEP than the other signs. A rise in the HeRO score ≥1 from 0 to 12 hours before compared with 12to 72 hours prior the blood culture occurred in 31% of workups diagnosed as CXSEP, 16% CLINSEP, and 31% SRO. Conclusion The HeRO score can alert clinicians to VLBW infants at high or increasing risk of a sepsis-like illness, but heart rate characteristic patterns are highly variable in individual babies. The easy-recall NeoSEP-10 framework can assist clinicians in considering other clinical changes when making decisions about sepsis workups and the duration of antibiotics. Key Points Abnormal heart rate characteristics can indicate sepsis or other pathologies in preterm infants. We developed a simple bedside tool to consider clinical signs potentially associated with sepsis. Considering vital sign trends together with clinical changes is a key to right-timing antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Intercomparison of deep learning architectures for the prediction of precipitation fields with a focus on extremes
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Otero, Noelia, primary and Horton, Pascal, additional
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- 2023
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8. Caffeine exposure and acute kidney injury in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation
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Aviles-Otero, Noelia, Kumar, Reeti, Khalsa, Dev Darshan, Green, Glen, and Carmody, J. Bryan
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Pediatric research ,Necrotizing enterocolitis -- Development and progression ,Premature infants -- Health aspects ,Intestinal perforation -- Development and progression ,Acute kidney failure -- Risk factors ,Caffeine -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in preterm infants, but specific therapies remain scarce. Recent studies have demonstrated an association between caffeine exposure and less frequent AKI in the first 7-10 days after birth. We hypothesized that patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) would provide a better natural model of AKI to evaluate this association. Methods We reviewed all premature patients diagnosed with NEC or SIP at our institution from 2008 to 2014. AKI was defined by change in serum creatinine using the neonatal Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition. Caffeine was prescribed for apnea of prematurity and caffeine exposure was determined by chart review. Results A total of 146 patients with NEC/SIP were reviewed. Of these, 119 (81.5%) received caffeine, and 91 (62.3%) developed AKI. AKI occurred less frequently in patients who received caffeine than in those who did not (55.5% vs. 92.6%; odds ratio (OR) 0.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.44). This association persisted in multivariable models after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted OR 0.08; 95% CI 0.01-0.42; number needed to be exposed to caffeine to prevent one case of AKI = 2.6). Although baseline serum creatinine did not differ by caffeine exposure, patients receiving caffeine had lower peak creatinine (median 1.0 mg/dl vs. 1.5 mg/dl; p = 0.008) and absolute creatinine change (median 0.42 mg/dl vs. 0.68 mg/dl; p = 0.003) than those who did not. Conclusions Caffeine exposure in preterm infants with NEC/SIP is associated with decreased incidence and severity of AKI., Author(s): Noelia Aviles-Otero [sup.1] , Reeti Kumar [sup.2] , Dev Darshan Khalsa [sup.3] , Glen Green [sup.4] , J. Bryan Carmody [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0000 9136 933X, grid.27755.32, [...]
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- 2019
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9. Impacts of hot-dry conditions on hydropower production in Switzerland
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Otero, Noelia, primary, Horton, Pascal, additional, Martius, Olivia, additional, Allen, Sam, additional, Zappa, Massimiliano, additional, Wechsler, Tobias, additional, and Schaefli, Bettina, additional
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- 2023
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10. Assessment of an extended version of the Jenkinson–Collison classification on CMIP5 models over Europe
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Otero, Noelia, Sillmann, Jana, and Butler, Tim
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- 2018
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11. Predicting spatial precipitation extremes with deep learning models. A comparison of existing model architectures.
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Horton, Pascal, primary and Otero, Noelia, additional
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- 2023
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12. Deep-S2SWind: A data-driven approach for improving sub-seasonal predictions of wind droughts
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Otero, Noelia, primary and Horton, Pascal, additional
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- 2023
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13. Standardised indices to monitor energy droughts
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Allen, Sam, primary and Otero, Noelia, additional
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- 2022
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14. Characterizing renewable energy compound events across Europe using a logistic regression‐based approach
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Otero, Noelia, Martius, Olivia, Allen, Sam, Bloomfield, Hannah, and Schaefli, Bettina
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Atmospheric Science ,510 Mathematics ,360 Social problems & social services ,550 Earth sciences & geology ,910 Geography & travel - Abstract
The transition towards decarbonized power systems requires accounting for the impacts of the climate variability and climate change on renewable energy sources. With the growing share of wind and solar power in the European power system and their strong weather dependence, balancing the energy demand and supply becomes a great challenge. We characterize energy compound events, defined as periods of simultaneous low renewable production of wind and solar power, and high electricity demand. Using a logistic regression approach, we examine the influence of meteorological and atmospheric drivers on energy compound events. Moreover, we assess the spatial coherence of energy compound events that pose a major challenge within an interconnected power grid, as they can affect multiple countries simultaneously. On average, European countries are exposed to winter energy compound events more than twice per year. The combination of extremely low temperatures and low wind speeds is associated with a higher probability of occurrence of energy compound events. Furthermore, we show that blocked weather regimes have a major influence on energy compound events. In particular, Greenland and European blocking lead to widespread energy compound events that affect multiple countries at the same time. Our results highlight the relevance of weather regimes resulting in synchronous spatial energy compound events, which might pose a greater risk within a potential fully interconnected European grid.
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- 2022
15. Intercomparison of deep learning architectures for the prediction of precipitation fields
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Otero, Noelia, primary and Horton, Pascal, additional
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- 2022
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16. Attribution of surface ozone to NOx and volatile organic compound sources during two different high ozone events
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Lupaşcu, Aurelia, primary, Otero, Noelia, additional, Minkos, Andrea, additional, and Butler, Tim, additional
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- 2022
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17. Eurodelta multi-model simulated and observed particulate matter trends in Europe in the period of 1990–2010
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Tsyro, Svetlana, primary, Aas, Wenche, additional, Colette, Augustin, additional, Andersson, Camilla, additional, Bessagnet, Bertrand, additional, Ciarelli, Giancarlo, additional, Couvidat, Florian, additional, Cuvelier, Kees, additional, Manders, Astrid, additional, Mar, Kathleen, additional, Mircea, Mihaela, additional, Otero, Noelia, additional, Pay, Maria-Teresa, additional, Raffort, Valentin, additional, Roustan, Yelva, additional, Theobald, Mark R., additional, Vivanco, Marta G., additional, Fagerli, Hilde, additional, Wind, Peter, additional, Briganti, Gino, additional, Cappelletti, Andrea, additional, D'Isidoro, Massimo, additional, and Adani, Mario, additional
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- 2022
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18. Attribution of surface ozone to NOx and VOC sources during two different high ozone events
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Lupaşcu, Aurelia, Otero, Noelia, Minkos, Andrea, and Butler, Tim
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Increased tropospheric ozone (O3) and high temperatures affect human health during heat waves. Here, we perform a source attribution that considers separately the formation of German surface ozone from emitted NOx and VOC precursors during two peak ozone events that took place in 2015 and 2018 which were associated with elevated temperatures. Results showed that the peak ozone concentrations can be primarily attributed to nearby emissions of anthropogenic NOx (from Germany and immediately neighboring countries) and biogenic VOC. Outside of these high ozone episodes, baseline ozone concentrations are attributed primarily to long-range transport, with ozone due to remote anthropogenic NOx emissions and methane oxidation adding to the tropospheric ozone background. We show that a significant contribution to modeled O3 coming from German NOx or VOC emissions occurs mostly in southern Germany, emphasizing that the production of ozone depends on the local interplay among NOx and VOC precursors. Shipping activities in the Baltic and North Seas have a large impact on ozone predicted in coastal areas, yet a small amount of ozone from these sources can also be seen far inland, showing the importance of transported ozone on pollution levels. We have also shown that changes in circulation patterns during the peak O3 episodes observed in Germany during the 2015 and 2018 heatwaves can affect the contribution of different NOX emission sources to total O3, thus the possible influence of multiple upwind source regions should be accounted for when mitigation strategies are designed. Our study also highlights the good correlation between ozone coming from German biogenic VOC emissions and total ozone, although the diurnal variation in the ozone coming from biogenic sources is not dominated by the diurnal variation in biogenic emissions, and the peaks of ozone from biogenic sources are disconnected from local emission peaks. This suggests that the formation of O3 from local German biogenic VOC emissions is not the sole factor that influences the ozone formation and other meteorological and chemical processes affect the diel variation of ozone having a biogenic origin. Overall, this study helps to understand the importance of a source attribution method to understand the sources of O3 in Germany and can be a useful tool that will help to design effective mitigation strategies.
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- 2022
19. Quantifing the influence of meteorological and large-scale atmopsheric drivers on energy compound events
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Otero, Noelia, primary, Martius, Olivia, additional, Allen, Sam, additional, Bloomfield, Hannah, additional, and Schaefli, Bettina, additional
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- 2022
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20. Attribution of surface ozone to NO<sub>x</sub> and VOC sources during two different high ozone events
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Lupaşcu, Aurelia, primary, Otero, Noelia, additional, Minkos, Andrea, additional, and Butler, Tim, additional
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- 2022
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21. Supplementary material to "Attribution of surface ozone to NO<sub>x</sub> and VOC sources during two different high ozone events"
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Lupaşcu, Aurelia, primary, Otero, Noelia, additional, Minkos, Andrea, additional, and Butler, Tim, additional
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- 2022
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22. The impact of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone pollution and temperature: a copula-based approach
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Otero, Noelia, primary, Jurado, Oscar E., additional, Butler, Tim, additional, and Rust, Henning W., additional
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- 2022
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23. Framework for Considering Abnormal Heart Rate Characteristics and Other Signs of Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
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Kumar, Rupin S., additional, Otero, Noelia Aviles, additional, Abubakar, Maryam O., additional, Elliott, Megan R., additional, Wiggins, Jaclyn Y., additional, Sharif, Misky M., additional, Sullivan, Brynne A., additional, and Fairchild, Karen D., additional
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- 2021
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24. Eurodelta multi-model simulated and observed PM trends in Europe in the period of 1990–2010
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Tsyro, Svetlana, primary, Aas, Wenche, additional, Colette, Augustin, additional, Andersson, Camilla, additional, Bessagnet, Bertrand, additional, Ciarelli, Giancarlo, additional, Couvidat, Florian, additional, Cuvelier, Kees, additional, Manders, Astrid, additional, Mar, Kathleen, additional, Mircea, Mihaela, additional, Otero, Noelia, additional, Pay, Maria-Teresa, additional, Raffort, Valentin, additional, Roustan, Yelva, additional, Theobald, Mark R., additional, Vivanco, Marta G., additional, Fagerli, Hilde, additional, Wind, Peter, additional, Briganti, Gino, additional, Cappelletti, Andrea, additional, D'Isidoro, Massimo, additional, and Adani, Mario, additional
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- 2021
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25. A copula-based assessment of renewable energy droughts across Europe
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Otero, Noelia, primary, Martius, Olivia, additional, Allen, Sam, additional, Bloomfield, Hannah, additional, and Schaefli, Bettina, additional
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- 2021
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26. Combined impacts of climate and air pollution on human health and agricultural productivity
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Sillmann, Jana, primary, Aunan, Kristin, additional, Emberson, Lisa, additional, Büker, Patrick, additional, Van Oort, Bob, additional, O’Neill, Connie, additional, Otero, Noelia, additional, Pandey, Divya, additional, and Brisebois, Anouk, additional
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- 2021
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27. Response to all referees cp-2021-297
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Otero, Noelia, primary
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- 2021
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28. A Comparison of Long-term Trends in Observations and Emission Inventories of NOx
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Macdonald, Elena, Otero, Noelia, and Butler, Tim
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observations ,comparison ,300 Sozialwissenschaften::350 Öffentliche Verwaltung, Militärwissenschaft::354 Verwaltung von Wirtschaft und Umwelt ,air pollution - Abstract
Air pollution is a pressing issue that is associated with adverse effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate. Despite many years of effort to improve air quality, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) limit values are still regularly exceeded in Europe, particularly in cities and along streets. This study explores how concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in European urban areas have changed over the last decades and how this relates to changes in emissions. To do so, the incremental approach was used, comparing urban increments (i.e. urban background minus rural concentrations) to total emissions, and roadside increments (i.e. urban roadside concentrations minus urban background concentrations) to traffic emissions. In total, nine European cities were assessed. The study revealed that potentially confounding factors like the impact of urban pollution at rural monitoring sites through atmospheric transport are generally negligible for NOx. The approach proves therefore particularly useful for this pollutant. The estimated urban increments all showed downward trends, and for the majority of the cities the trends aligned well with the total emissions. However, it was found that factors like a very densely populated surrounding or local emission sources in the rural area such as shipping traffic on inland waterways restrict the application of the approach for some cities. The roadside increments showed an overall very diverse picture in their absolute values and trends and also in their relation to traffic emissions. This variability and the discrepancies between roadside increments and emissions could be attributed to a combination of local influencing factors at the street level and different aspects introducing inaccuracies to the trends of the emission inventories used, including deficient emission factors. Applying the incremental approach was evaluated as useful for long-term pan-European studies, but at the same time it was found to be restricted to certain regions and cities due to data availability issues. The results also highlight that using emission inventories for the prediction of future health impacts and compliance with limit values needs to consider the distinct variability in the concentrations not only across but also within cities.
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- 2021
29. Modelling the dependence of energy droughts from variable renewable energies over Europe
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Otero, Noelia, Bloomfield, Hannah, Allen, Sam J., Romppainen-Martius, Olivia, and Schaefli, Bettina
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510 Mathematics ,360 Social problems & social services ,550 Earth sciences & geology ,910 Geography & travel - Abstract
Meeting carbon-reduction targets will require to consider climate variability and climate change due the increasing share of climate-sensitive renewable energy sources (RES). In particular, wind and solar power are an important contribution within the energy mix in Europe. However, the strong dependence of RES on weather conditions poses a great challenge to the European power systems. One of the main concerns arises from situations of low production and high demand that can further aggravate the energy system. The purpose of the present study is twofold. Firstly, we characterize energy droughts, identified as periods of low wind and solar production (PWS) and periods of high energy residual load (RL)(i.e. energy demand minus wind and solar production). For that, a bivariate copula modelling approach is used to construct the joint probability distribution of two main characteristics of droughts: duration and severity. Secondly, we examine energy compound events defined as episodes of low PWS and high RL occurring simultaneously. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression is used to model the frequency of energy compound events using relevant meteorological drivers as covariates. Our results show that energy droughts derived from RL are less frequent but last longer than the droughts obtained from PWS that are more frequent although generally shorter. The bivariate frequency analysis indicates that severe droughts of PWS occur less frequent with large return periods at most of the countries. Shorter return periods are found in the case of RL, which points out that European countries experience more often severe droughts of RL. Results from the LASSO logistic regression indicate that temperature plays a relevant role on the occurrence of energy compound events. Overall, a higher likelihood of the occurrence of energy compound events is associated with extreme low wind speeds and low temperatures (
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- 2021
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30. A global point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in neonatal intensive care units: The no-more-antibiotics and resistance (NO-MAS-R) study.
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UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (SLuc) Service de néonatologie, Prusakov, Pavel, Goff, Debra A, Wozniak, Phillip S, Cassim, Azraa, Scipion, Catherine E A, Urzúa, Soledad, Ronchi, Andrea, Zeng, Lingkong, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Aviles-Otero, Noelia, Udeigwe-Okeke, Chisom R, Melamed, Rimma, Silveira, Rita C, Auriti, Cinzia, Beltrán-Arroyave, Claudia, Zamora-Flores, Elena, Sanchez-Codez, Maria, Donkor, Eric S, Kekomäki, Satu, Mainini, Nicoletta, Trochez, Rosalba Vivas, Casey, Jamalyn, Graus, Juan M, Muller, Mallory, Singh, Sara, Loeffen, Yvette, Pérez, María Eulalia Tamayo, Ferreyra, Gloria Isabel, Lima-Rogel, Victoria, Perrone, Barbara, Izquierdo, Giannina, Cernada, María, Stoffella, Sylvia, Ekenze, Sebastian Okwuchukwu, de Alba-Romero, Concepción, Tzialla, Chryssoula, Pham, Jennifer T, Hosoi, Kenichiro, Consuegra, Magdalena Cecilia Calero, Betta, Pasqua, Hoyos, O Alvaro, Roilides, Emmanuel, Naranjo-Zuñiga, Gabriela, Oshiro, Makoto, Garay, Victor, Mondì, Vito, Mazzeo, Danila, Stahl, James A, Cantey, Joseph B, Monsalve, Juan Gonzalo Mesa, Normann, Erik, Landgrave, Lindsay C, Mazouri, Ali, Avila, Claudia Alarcón, Piersigilli, Fiammetta, Trujillo, Monica, Kolman, Sonya, Delgado, Verónica, Guzman, Veronica, Abdellatif, Mohamed, Monterrosa, Luis, Tina, Lucia Gabriella, Yunis, Khalid, Rodriguez, Marco Antonio Belzu, Saux, Nicole Le, Leonardi, Valentina, Porta, Alessandro, Latorre, Giuseppe, Nakanishi, Hidehiko, Meir, Michal, Manzoni, Paolo, Norero, Ximena, Hoyos, Angela, Arias, Diana, Sánchez, Rubén García, Medoro, Alexandra K, Sánchez, Pablo J, Global NEO-ASP Study Group, UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (SLuc) Service de néonatologie, Prusakov, Pavel, Goff, Debra A, Wozniak, Phillip S, Cassim, Azraa, Scipion, Catherine E A, Urzúa, Soledad, Ronchi, Andrea, Zeng, Lingkong, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Aviles-Otero, Noelia, Udeigwe-Okeke, Chisom R, Melamed, Rimma, Silveira, Rita C, Auriti, Cinzia, Beltrán-Arroyave, Claudia, Zamora-Flores, Elena, Sanchez-Codez, Maria, Donkor, Eric S, Kekomäki, Satu, Mainini, Nicoletta, Trochez, Rosalba Vivas, Casey, Jamalyn, Graus, Juan M, Muller, Mallory, Singh, Sara, Loeffen, Yvette, Pérez, María Eulalia Tamayo, Ferreyra, Gloria Isabel, Lima-Rogel, Victoria, Perrone, Barbara, Izquierdo, Giannina, Cernada, María, Stoffella, Sylvia, Ekenze, Sebastian Okwuchukwu, de Alba-Romero, Concepción, Tzialla, Chryssoula, Pham, Jennifer T, Hosoi, Kenichiro, Consuegra, Magdalena Cecilia Calero, Betta, Pasqua, Hoyos, O Alvaro, Roilides, Emmanuel, Naranjo-Zuñiga, Gabriela, Oshiro, Makoto, Garay, Victor, Mondì, Vito, Mazzeo, Danila, Stahl, James A, Cantey, Joseph B, Monsalve, Juan Gonzalo Mesa, Normann, Erik, Landgrave, Lindsay C, Mazouri, Ali, Avila, Claudia Alarcón, Piersigilli, Fiammetta, Trujillo, Monica, Kolman, Sonya, Delgado, Verónica, Guzman, Veronica, Abdellatif, Mohamed, Monterrosa, Luis, Tina, Lucia Gabriella, Yunis, Khalid, Rodriguez, Marco Antonio Belzu, Saux, Nicole Le, Leonardi, Valentina, Porta, Alessandro, Latorre, Giuseppe, Nakanishi, Hidehiko, Meir, Michal, Manzoni, Paolo, Norero, Ximena, Hoyos, Angela, Arias, Diana, Sánchez, Rubén García, Medoro, Alexandra K, Sánchez, Pablo J, and Global NEO-ASP Study Group
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Global assessment of antimicrobial agents prescribed to infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts. METHODS: We conducted a one-day global point prevalence study of all antimicrobials provided to NICU infants. Demographic, clinical, and microbiologic data were obtained including NICU level, census, birth weight, gestational/chronologic age, diagnoses, antimicrobial therapy (reason for use; length of therapy), antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), and 30-day in-hospital mortality. FINDINGS: On July 1, 2019, 26% of infants (580/2,265; range, 0-100%; median gestational age, 33 weeks; median birth weight, 1800 g) in 84 NICUs (51, high-income; 33, low-to-middle income) from 29 countries (14, high-income; 15, low-to-middle income) in five continents received ≥1 antimicrobial agent (92%, antibacterial; 19%, antifungal; 4%, antiviral). The most common reasons for antibiotic therapy were "rule-out" sepsis (32%) and "culture-negative" sepsis (16%) with ampicillin (40%), gentamicin (35%), amikacin (19%), vancomycin (15%), and meropenem (9%) used most frequently. For definitive treatment of presumed/confirmed infection, vancomycin (26%), amikacin (20%), and meropenem (16%) were the most prescribed agents. Length of therapy for culture-positive and "culture-negative" infections was 12 days (median; IQR, 8-14) and 7 days (median; IQR, 5-10), respectively. Mortality was 6% (42%, infection-related). An NICU ASP was associated with lower rate of antibiotic utilization (p = 0·02). INTERPRETATION: Global NICU antibiotic use was frequent and prolonged regardless of culture results. NICU-specific ASPs were associated with lower antibiotic utilization rates, suggesting the need for their implementation worldwide. FUNDING: Merck & Co.; The Ohio State University College of Medicine Barnes Medical Student Research Scholarship.
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- 2021
31. Supplementary material to "The impact of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone pollution and temperature: A copula-based approach"
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Otero, Noelia, primary, Jurado, Oscar, additional, Butler, Tim, additional, and Rust, Henning W., additional
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- 2021
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32. The impact of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone pollution and temperature: A copula-based approach
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Otero, Noelia, primary, Jurado, Oscar, additional, Butler, Tim, additional, and Rust, Henning W., additional
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- 2021
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33. A comparison of long-term trends in observations and emission inventories of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>
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Macdonald, Elena, primary, Otero, Noelia, additional, and Butler, Tim, additional
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- 2021
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34. Observed changes in the temperature dependence response of surface ozone under NOx reductions
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Otero, Noelia, Rust, Henning W., and Butler, Tim
- Abstract
Due to the strong temperature dependence of surface ozone concentrations (O3), future warmer conditions may worsen ozone pollution levels despite continued efforts on emission controls of ozone precursors. Using long-term measurements of hourly O3 concentrations co-located with NOx concentrations in stations distributed throughout Germany, we assess changes in the climate penalty, defined as the slope of ozone-temperature relationship during the period 1999–2018. We find a stronger temperature sensitivity in the urban stations over the southwestern regions, especially in the first period of the study (1999–2008).We show a decrease in the climate penalty in most of stations during the second period of the study (2009–2018), with some exceptions (e.g. Berlin) where the climate penalty did not show significant changes. To examine the impacts of NOx reductions on the O3 sensitivity to temperature, we propose a statistical approach based on generalized additive models (GAMs) to describe ozone production rates, inferred from hourly observations, as a function of NOx and temperature, among other variables relevant during the O3 production. We find lower O3 production rates during the second period (2009–2018) at most stations and a decreasing sensitivity to temperature, pointing out that lowering NOx concentrations resulted in decreasing O3 production rates. However, we also observe changes in the shape of the function representing the O3-temperature relationship, which indicate that NOx reductions alone can not explain the changes in the temperature dependence of O3. Our analysis would suggest that decreasing NOx concentrations are not the only factor causing the observed changes in the climate penalty factor.
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- 2020
35. Revised version of the Supplement Material
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Otero, Noelia, primary
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- 2020
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36. Response to referee comments
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Otero, Noelia, primary
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- 2020
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37. Attribution of surface ozone to NOx and VOC sources during two different high ozone events.
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Lupaşcu, Aurelia, Otero, Noelia, Minkos, Andrea, and Butler, Tim
- Abstract
Increased tropospheric ozone (O3) and high temperatures affect human health during heat waves. Here, we perform a source attribution that considers separately the formation of German surface ozone from emitted NOx and VOC precursors during two peak ozone events that took place in 2015 and 2018 which were associated with elevated temperatures. Results showed that the peak ozone concentrations can be primarily attributed to nearby emissions of anthropogenic NOx (from Germany and immediately neighboring countries) and biogenic VOC. Outside of these high ozone episodes, baseline ozone concentrations are attributed primarily to long-range transport, with ozone due to remote anthropogenic NOx emissions and methane oxidation adding to the tropospheric ozone background. We show that a significant contribution to modeled O3 coming from German NOx or VOC emissions occurs mostly in southern Germany, emphasizing that the production of ozone depends on the local interplay among NOx and VOC precursors. Shipping activities in the Baltic and North Seas have a large impact on ozone predicted in coastal areas, yet a small amount of ozone from these sources can also be seen far inland, showing the importance of transported ozone on pollution levels. We have also shown that changes in circulation patterns during the peak O3 episodes observed in Germany during the 2015 and 2018 heatwaves can affect the contribution of different NOX emission sources to total O3, thus the possible influence of multiple upwind source regions should be accounted for when mitigation strategies are designed. Our study also highlights the good correlation between ozone coming from German biogenic VOC emissions and total ozone, although the diurnal variation in the ozone coming from biogenic sources is not dominated by the diurnal variation in biogenic emissions, and the peaks of ozone from biogenic sources are disconnected from local emission peaks. This suggests that the formation of O3 from local German biogenic VOC emissions is not the sole factor that influences the ozone formation and other meteorological and chemical processes affect the diel variation of ozone having a biogenic origin. Overall, this study helps to understand the importance of a source attribution method to understand the sources of O3 in Germany and can be a useful tool that will help to design effective mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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38. Observed changes in the temperature dependence response of surface ozone under NOx reductions
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Otero, Noelia, primary, Rust, Henning W., additional, and Butler, Tim, additional
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- 2020
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39. Supplementary material to "Observed changes in the temperature dependence response of surface ozone under NOx reductions"
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Otero, Noelia, primary, Rust, Henning W., additional, and Butler, Tim, additional
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- 2020
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40. Abnormal Heart Rate Characteristics Predict Urinary Tract Infections in VLBW Infants
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Aviles-Otero, Noelia, primary, Ransom, Meaghan, additional, Sullivan, Brynne, additional, Charlton, Jennifer, additional, Weitkamp, Joern-Hendrik, additional, Fairchild, Karen, additional, and Kaufman, David, additional
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- 2020
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41. Eurodelta multi-model simulated and observed PM trends in Europe in the period of 1990-2010.
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Tsyro, Svetlana, Aas, Wenche, Colette, Augustin, Andersson, Camilla, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Ciarelli, Giancarlo, Couvidat, Florian, Cuvelier, Kees, Manders, Astrid, Mar, Kathleen, Mircea, Mihaela, Otero, Noelia, Pay, Maria-Teresa, Raffort, Valentin, Roustan, Yelva, Theobald, Mark R., Vivanco, Marta G., Fagerli, Hilde, Wind, Peter, and Briganti, Gino
- Abstract
The Eurodelta-Trends multi-model experiment, aimed to assess the efficiency of emission mitigation measures in improving air quality in Europe during 1990-2010, was designed to answer a series of questions regarding European pollution trends. i.e. were there significant trends detected by observations? do the models manage to reproduce observed trends? how close is the agreement between the models and how large are the deviations from observations? In this paper, we address these issues with respect to PM pollution. An in-depth trend analysis has been performed forPM
2.5 and PM2.5 for the period of 2000-2010, based on results from six chemical transport models and observational data from the EMEP (Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe) monitoring network. Given harmonization of set up and main input data, the differences in model results should mainly result from differences in the process formulations within the models themselves, and the spread in the models simulated trends could be regarded as an indicator for modelling uncertainty. The model ensemble simulations indicate overall decreasing trends in PM10 and PM2.5 , with reduction by between 2 and 6 µg m-3 m-3 (or between 10 and 30%) from 2000 to 2010. Compared to PM2.5 , relative PM10 trends are weaker due to large inter-annual variability of natural coarse PM within the former. The changes in the concentrations of PM individual components are in general consistent with emission reductions. There is a reasonable agreement in PM trends estimated by the individual models, with the inter-model variability below 30-40% over most of Europe, increasing to 50-60% in northern and eastern parts of EDT domain. Averaged over measurement sites (26 for PM10 and 13 for PM2.5 ), the mean ensemble simulated trends are -0.24 and -0.22 µg m-3 year-1 for PM10 and PM2.5 , which are somewhat weaker than the observed trends of -0.35 and -0.40 µg m-3 year-1 , respectively, partly due to models underestimation of PM concentrations. The correspondence is better in relative PM10 and PM2.5 trends, which are -1.7 and -2.0 % year-1 from the model ensemble and -2.1 and -2.9 %year--1 from the observations, respectively. The observations identify significant trends for PM10 at 56 % of the sites and for PM2.5 at 36% of the sites, which is somewhat less that the fractions of significant modelled trends. Further, we find somewhat smaller spatial variability of modelled PM trends with respect to the observed ones across Europe and also within individual countries. The strongest decreasing PM trends and the largest number of sites with significant trends is found for the summer season, according to both the model ensemble and observations. The winter PM trends are very weak and mostly insignificant. One important reason for that is the very modest reductions and even increases in the emissions of primary PM from residential heating in winter. It should be kept in mind that all findings regarding modeled versus observed PM trends are limited the regions where the sites are located. The analysis reveals a considerable variability of the role of the individual aerosols in PM10 trends across European countries. The multi-model simulations, supported by available observations, point to decreases in SO-2 4 concentrations playing an overall dominant role. Also, we see relatively large contributions of the trends of NH+ 4 and NO-3 to PM10 decreasing trends in Germany, Denmark, Poland and the Po Valley, while the reductions of primary PM emissions appears to be a dominant factor in bringing down PM10 in France, Norway, Portugal, Greece and parts of the UK and Russia. Further discussions are given with respect to emission uncertainties and the effect of inter-annual meteorological variability on the trend analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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42. Periodicidad en la deriva de insectos acuáticos, en un tramo del Río Gatú, Veraguas, Panamá
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Rodríguez, Viterbo and Otero, Noelia
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QH301 Biology ,QL Zoology - Abstract
Con la finalidad de determinar la periodicidad en la deriva de insectos acuáticos durante un ciclo de 16 horas, en un tramo del Río Gatú, Veraguas, Panamá; se realizaron muestreos una vez por semana, durante los meses de febrero, marzo y abril de 2017, con un total de 13 giras. Para la recolecta de insectos acuáticos en la deriva, se utilizaron dos trampas de deriva, con un área de 0,176 m2 y 500 μm de ojo de malla, colocadas contra corriente, una al lado de la otra. Las trampas de deriva se mantuvieron sumergidas durante todo el periodo de muestreo y se desocuparon cada cuatro horas: de 06:00 a 10:00 h.; de 10:00 a 14:00 h.; de 14:00 a 18:00 h. y de 18:00 a 22:00 h., para un total de ocho muestras por día de recolecta. Se recolectó un total de 1 935 insectos acuáticos, distribuidos en nueve órdenes, 27 familias y 48 géneros. La mayor abundancia de insectos en la deriva en el tramo estudiado del Río Gatú, se registró en los periodos de 6:00 -10:00 h. y 18:00 – 22:00 h.
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- 2019
43. An evaluation of European nitrogen and sulfur wet deposition and their trends estimated by six chemistry transport models for the period 1990-2010
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Theobald, Mark R., Vivanco, Marta G., Aas, Wenche, Andersson, Camilla, Ciarelli, Giancarlo, Couvidat, Florian, Cuvelier, Kees, Manders, Astrid, Mircea, Mihaela, Pay, Maria-Teresa, Tsyro, Svetlana, Adani, Mario, Bergström, Robert, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Briganti, Gino, Cappelletti, Andrea, D'Isidoro, Massimo, Fagerli, Hilde, Mar, Kathleen, Otero, Noelia, Raffort, Valentin, Roustan, Yelva, Schaap, Martijn, Wind, Peter, Colette, Augustin, Theobald, Mark R., Vivanco, Marta G., Aas, Wenche, Andersson, Camilla, Ciarelli, Giancarlo, Couvidat, Florian, Cuvelier, Kees, Manders, Astrid, Mircea, Mihaela, Pay, Maria-Teresa, Tsyro, Svetlana, Adani, Mario, Bergström, Robert, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Briganti, Gino, Cappelletti, Andrea, D'Isidoro, Massimo, Fagerli, Hilde, Mar, Kathleen, Otero, Noelia, Raffort, Valentin, Roustan, Yelva, Schaap, Martijn, Wind, Peter, and Colette, Augustin
- Published
- 2019
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44. Influence of synoptic and local meteorological conditions on surface ozone concentrations over Europe
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Otero, Noelia
- Subjects
tropospheric ozone ,climate change ,weather types ,regression modelling - Abstract
Climate change is expected to alter global, regional and local meteorological conditions and as a result, the changes in the climate system will play an essential role on future air quality. Tropospheric ozone is considered one of the most harmful pollutants and it is strongly dependent on weather conditions. Therefore, understanding the impacts of near-term climate change on ozone concentrations is crucial for developing effective air quality policies. This dissertation focuses on the analysis of the influence of synoptic and local meteorological conditions on ground-level ozone over Europe and it provides a comprehensive spatial characterization of the most important meteorological key-driving factors of surface ozone concentrations over the whole domain. For this purpose two approaches are proposed: i) a weather types classification and ii) regression methods. Firstly, large-scale atmospheric circulation is examined through a weather types classification, implemented grid cell-by-grid cell over Europe. The ability of a suite of global climate models to reproduce realistic synoptic patterns in the present climate is evaluated against two reanalysis products. Additionally, the association between weather types and anomalies of maximum and minimum temperatures is investigated. In general, the models are able to capture realistic synoptic patterns when compared to the reanalyses. However, some limitations to reproduce the frequencies of certain weather types, such as low flow conditions over South Europe in summer and autumn are found. The projected changes in the frequency of weather types under future climate scenarios reveal an increase of anticyclonic days and warmer conditions affecting the British Isles in summer, and more westerlies and consequently mild winter conditions over Central Europe. As a result of a projected increase of low flow conditions over the Mediterranean basin, stagnant situations would become more frequent, favouring episodes of air pollution. Further analysis indicate that changes in the frequency of weather types represent a minor contribution of the total change of projected European temperatures. Thus, the temperature changes could be attributed to the so-called within-type variations (changes of the weather types themselves). In the context of climate change, that implies that global warming would also affect the characteristics of some weather types over time (i.e., within-type variations) that are associated with warmer temperatures under future conditions. Secondly, the classification of weather types provides an easy physically interpretable framework for assessing the impacts of synoptic conditions on ozone concentrations. A synoptic-regression approach is developed to investigate the effect of both, synoptic and local meteorological conditions on surface ozone over the European domain. It is shown that local meteorological conditions are generally dominant factors influencing surface ozone variability, rather than the synoptic conditions. The results reveal distinctive regional and seasonal patterns of the most influential ozone drivers. In particular, local meteorological conditions have a strong influence over Central and East Europe, where maximum temperature becomes the most important driver of surface ozone in summer and relative humidity along with surface solar radiation in spring. Finally, a multi-model assessment examines the capability of a set of state-of-the-art air quality models to reproduce the observed relationship between meteorological variables and surface ozone. The results show distinctive seasonal and regional performances in the statistical models developed for each dataset (i.e. observations and model outputs). Overall, the air quality models are in better agreement with observations over the regions referred to as internal regions: England, France, Mid-Europe, North Italy and East Europe. On the contrary, they present more limitations over the rest of the regions, referred to as the external regions: Inflow, Scandinavia, Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean and the Balkans. There is a larger meteorological contribution in the internal regions, especially in summer where the local meteorology plays an important role in photochemical processes. A minor meteorological effect is found in the external regions, probably due to a major influence of the dynamical processes that are not captured by the statistical models. Most of the air quality models tend to overestimate the sensitivity to maximum temperature and solar radiation and none of them are able to capture the strength of the observed relationship between ozone and relative humidity appropriately. Here, dry deposition schemes may be a key for the underestimation of such relationship. Further analysis of the slopes of the ozone-temperature relationship indicates that the air quality models capture the observed relationship between ozone and temperature in most of the internal regions in summer, while in spring they overestimate it in most of the European regions., Da zu erwarten ist, dass der Klimawandel die globalen, regionalen und kommunalen meteorologischen Zustände verändern wird, werden die Veränderungen des Klimasystems eine wesentliche Rolle in Bezug auf die zukünftig Luftqualität spielen. Troposphärisches Ozon gilt als einer der schädlichsten Schadstoffe und ist stark abhängig von den Wetterbedingungen. Die zeitnahen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels zu verstehen ist daher dringend erforderlich, um eine effektive Luftqualitätspolitik zu entwickeln. Diese Doktorarbeit legt den Schwerpunkt auf die Analyse des Einflusses von synoptischen und kommunalen meteorologischen Zuständen auf bodennahes Ozon in Europa und sie liefert eine umfassende räumliche Charakterisierung der wichtigsten Schlüsselfaktoren der Oberflächen-Ozon-Konzentration auf dem gesamten Gebiet. Zu diesem Zweck werden zwei Ansätze vorgeschlagen: i) eine objektive Wetterlagenklassifikation und ii) Regressionsmethoden. Zunächst wird die großflächige atmosphärische Zirkulation durch eine objektiveWetterlagenklassifikation untersucht – umgesetzt in Form von Gitterzelle zu Gitterzelle in Europa. Es wird ein Vergleich zwischen der Fähigkeit mehrerer globaler Klimamodelle realistisch aussehende synoptische Muster im gegenwärtigen Klima zu reproduzieren einerseits und neuen Darlegungen andererseits aufgestellt und anschließend ausgewertet. Darüber hinaus wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Wetterarten und Anomalien von Maximal- und Mindesttemperaturen untersucht. Im Vergleich mit den neuen Darlegungen können die Modelle im Allgemeinen realistische synoptische Muster erfassen. Allerdings gibt es einige Einschränkungen in der Reproduktion der Frequenzen bestimmter Wetterarten, wie z. B. niedrige Strömungsbedingungen über Südeuropa im Sommer und Herbst. Die prognostizierten Veränderungen bezüglich der Häufigkeit der Wetterarten unter zukünftigen Klimaszenarien zeigen einen Anstieg antizyklonischer Tage und wärmeren Bedingungen, die die britischen Inseln im Sommer beeinflussen, sowie mehrere Westwindzonen, welche folglich mildeWinterbedingungen über Mitteleuropa hervorbringen. Infolge einer prognostizierten Zunahme der niedrigen Strömungsbedingungen über dem Mittelmeerraum würden stagnierende Situationen häufiger vorkommen, was die Folgen der Luftverschmutzung begünstigt. Eine Analyse des Abbaus zur Beurteilung der Auswirkungen der Frequenzänderungen auf die prognostizierten Temperaturen deutet darauf hin, dass Veränderungen in der Häufigkeit derWetterarten einen geringen Beitrag zur Gesamtveränderung der europäischen Temperaturen darstellen. So könnten die Temperaturveränderungen den sogenannten In-Typ-Variationen (selbst Änderungen der Wetterarten) zugeschrieben werden. Im Kontext des Klimawandels bedeutet dies, dass die globale Erwärmung auch die Eigenschaften einiger Wetterarten im Laufe der Zeit beeinflussen würde (d.h. In-Typ-Variationen ), die mit wärmeren Temperaturen unter zukünftigen Bedingungen verbunden sind. Zweitens bietet die Einordnung von Wetterarten einen einfachen physikalisch interpretierbaren Rahmen, um die Auswirkungen von synoptischen Bedingungen auf die Ozonkonzentration zu bewerten. Ein Ansatz der synoptischen Regression wird entwickelt, um die Wirkung von sowohl synoptischen als auch kommunalen meteorologischen Bedingungen auf Oberflächen-Ozon auf europäischem Gebiet zu untersuchen. Es wird gezeigt, dass kommunale meteorologische Bedingungen in der Regel dominierende Faktoren sind, die die Oberflächen-Ozon-Variabilität beeinflussen, und nicht synoptische Bedingungen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen regionale und saisonale Muster der einflussreichsten Ozon Treiber. Die Ozon- Persistenz (vom Vortag) ist auch als Prädiktor enthalten und scheint eine wesentliche Rolle über Südeuropa zu spielen, wohingegen die kommunalen/ regionalen meteorologischen Bedingungen einen starken Einfluss auf Mittel- und Osteuropa haben. Besonders die Maximaltemperatur und relative Luftfeuchtigkeit sind der wichtigste Treiber für Oberflächen-Ozon im Sommer zusammen mit Oberflächen- Sonnenstrahlung im Frühling. Der letzte Teil der Doktorarbeit untersucht eine Multimodell-Bewertung der Fähigkeit einer Reihe von hochmodernen Modellen zur Luftqualität, um die beobachtete Beziehung zwischen meteorologischen Variablen und Oberflächen-Ozon zu reproduzieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen deutliche saisonale und regionale Leistungen der statistischen Modellen, die für jeden Datensatz (d. H. Beobachtungen und Modellausgaben) entwickelt wurden. Insgesamt stehen die Luftqualitätsmodelle in größerer Übereinstimmung zu den Beobachtungen über die Regionen, welche als folgende interne Regionen bezeichnet werden: England, Frankreich, Mitteleuropa, Norditalien und Osteuropa. Dem gegenübergestellt sind Regionen, welche mehr Einschränkungen gegenüber den übrigen Regionen haben. Solche werden als äußere Regionen bezeichnet: Inflow, Skandinavien, die Iberische Halbinsel, das Mittelmeer und die Balkanstaaten. Es gibt einen größeren meteorologischen Beitrag in den internen Regionen, vor allem im Sommer, wo die lokale Meteorologie eine wichtige Rolle bei photochemischen Prozessen spielt. Eine kleinere meteorologische Wirkung findet sich in den äußeren Regionen, vermutlich aufgrund eines großen Einflusses der dynamischen Prozesse, die nicht durch die statistischen Modelle erfasst werden. Die meisten Luftqualitätsmodelle neigen dazu, die Empfindlichkeit gegen Maximaltemperatur und Sonneneinstrahlung zu überschätzen, und keines von ihnen kann die Stärke der beobachteten Wechselwirkung zwischen Ozon und relativer Feuchtigkeit passend erfassen. Hier könnten trockene Ablagerungsschemata ein Lösungsansatz für die Unterschätzung einer solchen Beziehung bieten. Eine weitere Analyse des Anstiegs der Beziehung zwischen Ozon und Temperatur deutet darauf hin, dass die Luftqualitätsmodelle die beobachtete Beziehung zwischen Ozon und Temperatur in den meisten internen Regionen im Sommer einfangen, während sie diese im Frühjahr sie in den meisten europäischen Regionen überschätzen.
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- 2018
45. An evaluation of European nitrogen and sulfur wet deposition and their trends estimated by six chemistry transport models for the period 1990–2010
- Author
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Theobald, Mark R., primary, Vivanco, Marta G., additional, Aas, Wenche, additional, Andersson, Camilla, additional, Ciarelli, Giancarlo, additional, Couvidat, Florian, additional, Cuvelier, Kees, additional, Manders, Astrid, additional, Mircea, Mihaela, additional, Pay, Maria-Teresa, additional, Tsyro, Svetlana, additional, Adani, Mario, additional, Bergström, Robert, additional, Bessagnet, Bertrand, additional, Briganti, Gino, additional, Cappelletti, Andrea, additional, D'Isidoro, Massimo, additional, Fagerli, Hilde, additional, Mar, Kathleen, additional, Otero, Noelia, additional, Raffort, Valentin, additional, Roustan, Yelva, additional, Schaap, Martijn, additional, Wind, Peter, additional, and Colette, Augustin, additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
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46. Caffeine exposure and acute kidney injury in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation
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Aviles-Otero, Noelia, primary, Kumar, Reeti, additional, Khalsa, Dev Darshan, additional, Green, Glen, additional, and Carmody, J. Bryan, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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47. The impact of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone pollution and temperature: A copula-based approach.
- Author
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Otero, Noelia, Jurado, Oscar, Butler, Tim, and Rust, Henning W.
- Abstract
Ozone pollution and high temperatures have adverse health impacts that can be amplified by the combined effects of ozone and temperature. Moreover, changes in weather patterns are expected to alter ozone pollution episodes and temperature extremes. In particular, atmospheric blocking is a high-impact large-scale phenomenon at mid-high latitudes that has been associated with temperature extremes. This study examines the impact of atmospheric blocking on the ozone and temperature dependence among measurement stations over Europe. We use a copula-based method to model the dependence between both variables under blocking and non blocking conditions. This approach allows to examine the impact of blocks on the joint probability distribution. Our results showed that blocks lead to an increasing strength in the upper tail dependence of ozone and temperature extremes (>95th) in north-west and central Europe (e.g UK, Benelux, north-west of France and Germany). The analysis of the probability hazard scenarios revealed that blocks generally enhance the probability of compound ozone and temperature events by 20 % in a large number of stations over central Europe. The probability of ozone or temperature exceedances increases 30 % (on average) under the presence of atmospheric blocking. Furthermore, we found that in a number of stations over north-western Europe atmospheric blocking increases the probability of ozone exceedances by 30 % given high temperatures. Our results point out the strong influence of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone and temperature events, suggesting that blocks might be considered as a relevant predicting factor when assessing the risks of ozone-heat related health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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48. A multi-model comparison of meteorological drivers of surface ozone over Europe
- Author
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Otero, Noelia, Sillmann, Jana, Mar, Kathleen A., Rust, Henning W., Solberg, Sverre, Andersson, Camilla, Engardt, Magnuz, Bergström, Robert, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Colette, Augustin, Couvidat, Florian, Cuvelier, Cournelius, Tsyro, Svetlana, Fagerli, Hilde, Schaap, Martijn, Manders, Astrid, Mircea, Mihaela, Briganti, Gino, Cappelletti, Andrea, Adani, Mario, D'Isidoro, Massimo, Pay, Maria-Teresa, Theobald, Mark, Vivanco, Marta G., Wind, Peter, Ojha, Narendra, Raffort, Valentin, Butler, Tim, Otero, Noelia, Sillmann, Jana, Mar, Kathleen A., Rust, Henning W., Solberg, Sverre, Andersson, Camilla, Engardt, Magnuz, Bergström, Robert, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Colette, Augustin, Couvidat, Florian, Cuvelier, Cournelius, Tsyro, Svetlana, Fagerli, Hilde, Schaap, Martijn, Manders, Astrid, Mircea, Mihaela, Briganti, Gino, Cappelletti, Andrea, Adani, Mario, D'Isidoro, Massimo, Pay, Maria-Teresa, Theobald, Mark, Vivanco, Marta G., Wind, Peter, Ojha, Narendra, Raffort, Valentin, and Butler, Tim
- Published
- 2018
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49. Modeled deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in Europe estimated by 14 air quality model systems : evaluation, effects of changes in emissions and implications for habitat protection
- Author
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Vivanco, Marta G., Theobald, Mark R., Garcia-Gomez, Hector, Luis Garrido, Juan, Prank, Marje, Aas, Wenche, Adani, Mario, Alyuz, Ummugulsum, Andersson, Camilla, Bellasio, Roberto, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Bianconi, Roberto, Bieser, Johannes, Brandt, Jurgen, Briganti, Gino, Cappelletti, Andrea, Curci, Gabriele, Christensen, Jesper H., Colette, Augustin, Couvidat, Florian, Cuvelier, Cornelis, D'Isidoro, Massimo, Flemming, Johannes, Fraser, Andrea, Geels, Camilla, Hansen, Kaj M., Hogrefe, Christian, Im, Ulas, Jorba, Oriol, Kitwiroon, Nutthida, Manders, Astrid, Mircea, Mihaela, Otero, Noelia, Pay, Maria-Teresa, Pozzoli, Luca, Solazzo, Efisio, Tsyro, Svetlana, Unal, Alper, Wind, Peter, Galmarini, Stefano, Vivanco, Marta G., Theobald, Mark R., Garcia-Gomez, Hector, Luis Garrido, Juan, Prank, Marje, Aas, Wenche, Adani, Mario, Alyuz, Ummugulsum, Andersson, Camilla, Bellasio, Roberto, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Bianconi, Roberto, Bieser, Johannes, Brandt, Jurgen, Briganti, Gino, Cappelletti, Andrea, Curci, Gabriele, Christensen, Jesper H., Colette, Augustin, Couvidat, Florian, Cuvelier, Cornelis, D'Isidoro, Massimo, Flemming, Johannes, Fraser, Andrea, Geels, Camilla, Hansen, Kaj M., Hogrefe, Christian, Im, Ulas, Jorba, Oriol, Kitwiroon, Nutthida, Manders, Astrid, Mircea, Mihaela, Otero, Noelia, Pay, Maria-Teresa, Pozzoli, Luca, Solazzo, Efisio, Tsyro, Svetlana, Unal, Alper, Wind, Peter, and Galmarini, Stefano
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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50. A multi-model comparison of meteorological drivers of surface ozone over Europe. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
- Author
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Otero, Noelia, Sillmann, Jana, Mar, Kathleen A., Rust, Henning W., Solberg, Sverre, Andersson, Camilla, Engardt, Magnuz, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Colette, Augustin, Couvidat, Florian, Cuvelier, Cournelius, Fagerli, Hilde, Schaap, Martijn, Manders, Astrid, Mircea, Mihaela, Pay Pérez, María Teresa, Thobald, Mark, Raffort, Valentin, Tsyro, Svetlana, Vivanco, Marta, Wind, Peter, and Butler, Tim
- Subjects
Qualitat de l'aire ,Air quality ,Medi ambient ,Natural environment - Abstract
The implementation of European emission abatement strategies has led to a significant reduction in the emissions of ozone precursors during the last decade. Ground-level ozone is also influenced by meteorological factors such as temperature, which exhibit interannual variability and are expected to change in the future. The impacts of climate change on air quality are usually investigated through air-quality models that simulate interactions between emissions, meteorology and chemistry. Within a multi-model assessment, this study aims to better understand how air-quality models represent the relationship between meteorological variables and surface ozone concentrations over Europe. A multiple linear regression (MLR) approach is applied to observed and modelled time series across 10 European regions in springtime and summertime for the period of 2000-2010 for both models and observations. Overall, the air-quality models are in better agreement with observations in summertime than in springtime and particularly in certain regions, such as France, central Europe or eastern Europe, where local meteorological variables show a strong influence on surface ozone concentrations. Larger discrepancies are found for the southern regions, such as the Balkans, the Iberian Peninsula and the Mediterranean basin, especially in springtime. We show that the air-quality models do not properly reproduce the sensitivity of surface ozone to some of the main meteorological drivers, such as maximum temperature, relative humidity and surface solar radiation. Specifically, all air-quality models show more limitations in capturing the strength of the ozone-relative-humidity relationship detected in the observed time series in most of the regions, for both seasons. Here, we speculate that dry-deposition schemes in the air-quality models might play an essential role in capturing this relationship. We further quantify the relationship between ozone and maximum temperature (mo3−T, climate penalty) in observations and air-quality models. In summertime, most of the air-quality models are able to reproduce the observed climate penalty reasonably well in certain regions such as France, central Europe and northern Italy. However, larger discrepancies are found in springtime, where air-quality models tend to overestimate the magnitude of the observed climate penalty.
- Published
- 2017
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