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125 results on '"Otero, Álvaro"'

1. Cosmic evolution of the star formation efficiency in Milky Way-like galaxies

Author

Otero, Álvaro Segovia, Agertz, Oscar, Renaud, Florent, Kraljic, Katarina, Romeo, Alessandro B., and Semenov, Vadim A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Current star formation models are based on the local structure of the interstellar medium (ISM), yet the details on how the small-scale physics propagates up to global galactic-scale properties are still under debate. To investigate this we use {\small VINTERGATAN}, a high-resolution (20 pc) cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy. We study how the velocity dispersion and density structure of the ISM on 50-100 pc scales evolve with redshift, and quantify their impact on the star formation efficiency per free-fall timescale, $\epsilon_{\rm ff}$. During starbursts the ISM can reach velocity dispersions as high as $\sim 50$ km s$^{-1}$ for the densest and coldest gas, most noticeable during the last major merger event ($1.3 < z < 1.5$). After a merger-dominated phase ($11$ to 0.3\% at $z<1$. The mass-weighted average shows a universal $\langle \epsilon_{\rm ff} \rangle \approx 1\%$, caused by an almost invariant virial parameter distribution in star forming clouds. Changes in their density and turbulence levels are coupled so the kinetic-to-gravitational energy ratio remains close to constant. Finally, we show that a \textit{theoretically} motivated instantaneous $\epsilon_{\rm ff}$ is intrinsically different to its \textit{observational} estimates adopting tracers of star formation e.g. H$\alpha$. Since the physics underlying star formation can be lost on short ($\sim$ 10 Myr) timescales, caution must be taken when constraining star formation models from observational estimates of $\epsilon_{\rm ff}$., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, comments welcome

Published
2024

2. The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project IV: Halo and Galaxy Mass Assembly in a Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation at $z\le2$

Author

Roca-Fàbrega, Santi, Kim, Ji-hoon, Primack, Joel R., Jung, Minyong, Genina, Anna, Hausammann, Loic, Kim, Hyeonyong, Lupi, Alessandro, Nagamine, Kentaro, Powell, Johnny W., Revaz, Yves, Shimizu, Ikkoh, Strawn, Clayton, Velázquez, Héctor, Abel, Tom, Ceverino, Daniel, Dong, Bili, Quinn, Thomas R., Shin, Eun-jin, Segovia-Otero, Alvaro, Agertz, Oscar, Barrow, Kirk S. S., Cadiou, Corentin, Dekel, Avishai, Hummels, Cameron, Oh, Boon Kiat, Teyssier, Romain, and Collaboration, The Agora

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

In this fourth paper from the AGORA Collaboration, we study the evolution down to redshift $z=2$ and below of a set of cosmological zoom-in simulations of a Milky Way mass galaxy by eight of the leading hydrodynamic simulation codes. We also compare this CosmoRun suite of simulations with dark matter-only simulations by the same eight codes. We analyze general properties of the halo and galaxy at $z=4$ and 3, and before the last major merger, focusing on the formation of well-defined rotationally-supported disks, the mass-metallicity relation, the specific star formation rate, the gas metallicity gradients, and the non-axisymmetric structures in the stellar disks. Codes generally converge well to the stellar-to-halo mass ratios predicted by semi-analytic models at $z\sim$2. We see that almost all the hydro codes develop rotationally-supported structures at low redshifts. Most agree within 0.5 dex with the observed MZR at high and intermediate redshifts, and reproduce the gas metallicity gradients obtained from analytical models and low-redshift observations. We confirm that the inter-code differences in the halo assembly history reported in the first paper of the collaboration also exist in CosmoRun, making the code-to-code comparison more difficult. We show that such differences are mainly due to variations in code-dependent parameters that control the time-stepping strategy of the gravity solver. We find that variations in the early stellar feedback can also result in differences in the timing of the low-redshift mergers. All the simulation data down to $z=2$ and the auxiliary data will be made publicly available., Comment: Submitted to ApJ. Visit the AGORA Collaboration website (www.agorasimulations.org ) for more information

Published
2024

3. Emergence and cosmic evolution of the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation driven by interstellar turbulence

Author

Kraljic, Katarina, Renaud, Florent, Dubois, Yohan, Pichon, Christophe, Agertz, Oscar, Andersson, Eric, Devriendt, Julien, Freundlich, Jonathan, Kaviraj, Sugata, Kimm, Taysun, Martin, Garreth, Peirani, Sébastien, Otero, Álvaro Segovia, Volonteri, Marta, and Yi, Sukyoung K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The scaling relations between the gas content and star formation rate of galaxies provide useful insights into processes governing their formation and evolution. We investigate the emergence and the physical drivers of the global Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation at $0.25 \leq z \leq 4$ in the cosmological hydrodynamic simulation NewHorizon capturing the evolution of a few hundred galaxies with a resolution of $\sim$ 40 pc. The details of this relation vary strongly with the stellar mass of galaxies and the redshift. A power-law relation $\Sigma_{\rm SFR} \propto \Sigma_{\rm gas}^{a}$ with $a \approx 1.4$, like that found empirically, emerges at $z \approx 2 - 3$ for the most massive half of the galaxy population. However, no such convergence is found in the lower-mass galaxies, for which the relation gets shallower with decreasing redshift. At the galactic scale, the star formation activity correlates with the level of turbulence of the interstellar medium, quantified by the Mach number, rather than with the gas fraction (neutral or molecular), confirming previous works. With decreasing redshift, the number of outliers with short depletion times diminishes, reducing the scatter of the KS relation, while the overall population of galaxies shifts toward low densities. Using pc-scale star formation models calibrated with local Universe physics, our results demonstrate that the cosmological evolution of the environmental and intrinsic conditions conspire to converge towards a significant and detectable imprint in galactic-scale observables, in their scaling relations, and in their reduced scatter., Comment: 26 pages, 22 figures

Published
2023

4. The merger-starburst connection across cosmic times

Author

Renaud, Florent, Otero, Álvaro Segovia, and Agertz, Oscar

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The correspondence between galaxy major mergers and starburst activity is well-established observationally and in simulations of low redshift galaxies. However, the evolution of the properties of interactions and of the galaxies involved suggests that the starburst response of galaxies to merger events could vary across cosmic time. Using the VINTERGATAN cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy, we show here that starbursts, i.e. episodes of fast star formation, are connected with the onset of tidal compression, itself induced by mergers. However, this compression becomes strong enough to trigger starbursts only after the formation of the galactic disc. As a consequence, starburst episodes are only found during a precise phase of galaxy evolution, after the formation of the disc and until the last major merger. As the depletion time quantifies the instantaneous star formation activity, while the specific star formation rate involves the integrated result of the past activity (via the stellar mass), starburst episodes do not necessarily coincide with elevated specific star formation rate. This suggests that not all starburst galaxies are outliers above the main sequence of galaxy formation., Comment: MNRAS accepted, 10 pages

Published
2022
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5. VINTERGATAN IV: Cosmic phases of star formation in Milky Way-like galaxies

Author

Otero, Álvaro Segovia, Renaud, Florent, and Agertz, Oscar

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The star formation history of a galaxy is modulated by a plethora of internal processes and environmental conditions. The details of how these evolve and couple together is not fully understood yet. In this work, we study the effects that galaxy mergers and morphological transformations have on setting different modes of star formation at galactic scales and across cosmic time. We monitor the global properties of VINTERGATAN, a 20 pc resolution cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-type galaxy. Between redshifts 1 and 5, we find that major mergers trigger multiple starburst episodes, corresponding to a tenfold drop of the gas depletion time down to 100 Myr. Bursty star formation is enabled by the emergence of a galactic disc, when the rotational velocity of gas starts to dominate over its velocity dispersion. Coherent motions of gas then outweigh disordered ones, such that the galaxy responds to merger-induced forcings by redistributing large amounts of gas towards high densities. As a result, the overall star formation rate is enhanced with an associated decrease in the depletion time. Before redshift 5, mergers are expected to be even more frequent. However, a more turbulent interstellar medium, is incapable of reacting in such a collective manner so as to spark rapid star formation. Thus, a constant long depletion time of 1 Gyr is kept, along with a low, but gradually increasing star formation rate. After the last major merger at redshift 1, VINTERGATAN spends the next 8 Gyr evolving secularly. It has a settled and adiabatically growing disc, and a constant star formation rate with gas depletion times of 1-2 Gyr. Our results are compatible with the observed rapid transition between different modes of star formation when galaxies leave the main sequence., Comment: 8 pages, accepted by MNRAS

Published
2022
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6. EDGE: The sensitivity of ultra-faint dwarfs to a metallicity-dependent initial mass function

Author

Prgomet, Mateo, Rey, Martin P., Andersson, Eric P., Otero, Alvaro Segovia, Agertz, Oscar, Renaud, Florent, Pontzen, Andrew, and Read, Justin I.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Motivated by the observed bottom-light initial mass function (IMF) in faint dwarfs, we study how a metallicity-dependent IMF affects the feedback budget and observables of an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy. We model the evolution of a low-mass ($\approx 8 \, \times \, 10^{8} \, \rm M_{\odot}$) dark matter halo with cosmological, zoomed hydrodynamical simulations capable of resolving individual supernovae explosions, which we complement with an empirically motivated subgrid prescription for systematic IMF variations. In this framework, at the low gas metallicities typical of faint dwarfs, the IMF of newborn stellar populations becomes top-heavy, increasing the efficiency of supernova and photoionization feedback in regulating star formation. This results in a 100-fold reduction of the final stellar mass of the dwarf compared to a canonical IMF, at fixed dynamical mass. The increase in the feedback budget is nonetheless met by increased metal production from more numerous massive stars, leading to nearly constant iron content at $z=0$. A metallicity-dependent IMF therefore provides a mechanism to produce low-mass ($\rm M_{\star}\sim 10^3 \rm M_{\odot}$), yet enriched ($\rm [Fe/H]\approx -2$) field dwarf galaxies, thus opening a self-consistent avenue to populate the plateau in $\rm [Fe/H]$ at the faintest end of the mass--metallicity relation., Comment: Matching MNRAS-accepted version. Results unchanged, added text discussion and further robustness test in Appendix

Published
2021
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7. Casemix, management, and mortality of patients receiving emergency neurosurgery for traumatic brain injury in the Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study: a prospective observational cohort study

Author

Abbas, Ghayur, Abdallah, Omar Ibrahim, Abdel-Lateef, Ahmed, Abdifatah, Khalif, Abdullateef, Awfa, Abeygunaratne, Ruvini, Aboellil, Mostafa, Adam, Abass, Adams, Robert, Adeleye, Amos, Adeolu, Augustine, Adji, Novan Krisno, Afianti, Nur, Agarwal, Sudarsan, Aghadi, Ifeanyi Kene, Aguilar, Paúl Martín Méndez, Ahmad, Syeda Rida, Ahmed, Daniyal, Ahmed, Nafees, Aizaz, Haider, Aji, Yunus Kuntawi, Alamri, Alex, Alberto, Augusto Jacinto Mussindo, Alcocer, Luis Alcocer, Alfaro, Lesly Gonzales, Al-Habib, Amro, Alhourani, Ahmad, Ali, Syed Muhammad Rafay, Alkherayf, Fahad, AlMenabbawy, Ahmed, Alshareef, Aliyah, Aminullah, Muhammad Adil s/o, Amjad, Madeha, Amorim, Robson Luis Oliveira de, Anbazhagan, Sathiaprabhu, Andrade, Almir, Antar, Waleed, Anyomih, Theophilus T.K., Aoun, Salah, Apriawan, Tedy, Armocida, Daniele, Arnold, Paul, Arraez, Miguel, Assefa, Temesgen, Asser, Andres, Athiththan, S.P., Attanayake, Deepal, Aung, Maung Maung, Avi, Allan, Ayala, Victor Enrique Antolinez, Azab, Mohammed, Azam, Gaousul, Azharuddin, Mohd, Badejo, Olukemi, Badran, Mohamed, Baig, Azam Ali, Baig, Rehman Ali, Bajaj, Ankur, Baker, Paul, Bala, Renu, Balasa, Artur, Balchin, Ross, Balogun, James, Ban, Vin Shen, Bandi, Bharath Kumar Reddy, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Bank, Matthew, Barthelemy, Ernest, Bashir, Mohammed Talha, Basso, Luciano Silveira, Basu, Surajit, Batista, Auricelio, Bauer, Marlies, Bavishi, Devi, Beane, Abi, Bejell, Shmuel, Belachew, Anteneh, Belli, Antonio, Belouaer, Amani, Bendahane, Najia El Abbadi, Benjamin, Okanga, Benslimane, Youssef, Benyaiche, Chaymae, Bernucci, Claudio, Berra, Luigi Valentino, Bhebe, Arnold, Bimpis, Alexios, Blanaru, Diana, Bonfim, Jean Claude, Borba, Luis A B, Borcek, Alp Ozgun, Borotto, Erika, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad Elmabri Mohammad, Bourilhon, Facundo, Brachini, Gioia, Breedon, Joshua, Broger, Maximilian, Brunetto, Giacoma Maria Floriana, Bruzzaniti, Placido, Budohoska, Natalia, Burhan, Hira, Calatroni, Maximiliano Luis, Camargo, Catherine, Cappai, Pier Francesco, Cardali, Salvatore Massimiliano, Castaño-Leon, Ana M, Cederberg, David, Celaya, Mikel, Cenzato, Marco, Challa, Lakshmi Madhavi, Charest, Dhanny, Chaurasia, Bipin, Chenna, Rabah, Cherian, Iype, Ching'o, Juliana Henry, Chotai, Tejas, Choudhary, Ajay, Choudhary, Nabeel, Choumin, Florence, Cigic, Tomislav, Ciro, Juan, Conti, Carlo, Corrêa, Antônio Carlos de Souza, Cossu, Giulia, Couto, Maíra Piani, Cruz, Aurora, D'Silva, Divya, D'Aliberti, Giuseppe Antonio, Dampha, Lamin, Daniel, Roy Thomas, Dapaah, Andrew, Darbar, Aneela, Dascalu, Gabriel, Dauda, Happy Amos, Davies, Owain, Delgado-Babiano, Andrea, Dengl, Markus, Despotovic, Marko, Devi, Indira, Dias, Celeste, Dirar, Mohamed, Dissanayake, Melina, Djimbaye, Hananiah, Dockrell, Simon, Dolachee, Ali, Dolgopolova, Julija, Dolgun, Muge, Dow, Abdalrouf, Drusiani, Davide, Dugan, Artjom, Duong, Dinh Tuan, Duong, Trung Kien, Dziedzic, Tomasz, Ebrahim, Ali, El Fatemi, Nizar, El Helou, Antonios El, El Maaqili, Rachid El, El Mostarchid, Brahim El, El Ouahabi, Abdessamad El, Elbaroody, Mohammad, El-Fiki, Ahmed, El-Garci, Ahmed, El-Ghandour, Nasser M.F., Elhadi, Muhammed, Elleder, Vanessa, Elrais, Safa, El-shazly, Mohamed, Elshenawy, Mohamed, Elshitany, Hesham, El-Sobky, Omar, Emhamed, Marwa, Enicker, Basil, Erdogan, Onur, Ertl, Sebastian, Esene, Ignatius, Espinosa, Omar Ocampo, Fadalla, Tarig, Fadelalla, Mohammed, Faleiro, Rodrigo Moreira, Fatima, Nida, Fawaz, Charbel, Fentaw, Assefa, Fernandez, Carla Eiriz, Ferreira, Ana, Ferri, Francesco, Figaji, Tony, Filho, Emerson L B, Fin, Loic, Fisher, Benjamin, Fitra, Fitra, Flores, Alexis Palpan, Florian, Ioan Stefan, Fontana, Vincenzo, Ford, Lauren, Fountain, Daniel, Frade, Jose Maria Roda, Fratto, Antonio, Freyschlag, Christian, Gabin, Aranzazu Sánchez, Gallagher, Clare, Ganau, Mario, Gandia-Gonzalez, Maria Luisa, Garcia, Andoni, Garcia, Borja Hernandez, Garusinghe, Sanjeewa, Gebreegziabher, Biniam, Gelb, Adrian, George, Jerome St, Germanò, Antonino Francesco, Ghetti, Ilaria, Ghimire, Prajwal, Giammarusti, Alessandro, Gil, Jose Luis, Gkolia, Panagiota, Godebo, Yoseph, Gollapudi, Prakash Rao, Golubovic, Jagos, Gomes, Jeremias Fernando, Gonzales, Javier, Gormley, William, Gots, Alexander, Gribaudi, Giulia Letizia, Griswold, Dylan, Gritti, Paolo, Grobler, Ruan, Gunawan, Rudy, Hailemichael, Birhanu, Hakkou, Elmehdi, Haley, Mark, Hamdan, Alhafidz, Hammed, Ali, Hamouda, Waeel, Hamzah, Nurul Ashikin, Han, Nyein Latt, Hanalioglu, Sahin, Haniffa, Rashan, Hanko, Martin, Hanrahan, John, Hardcastle, Timothy, Hassani, Fahd Derkaoui, Heidecke, Volkmar, Helseth, Eirik, Hernández-Hernández, Miguel Ángel, Hickman, Zachary, Hoang, Le Minh Chau, Hollinger, Alexa, Horakova, Lenka, Hossain-Ibrahim, Kismet, Hou, Boru, Hoz, Samer, Hsu, Janine, Hunn, Martin, Hussain, Madiha, Iacopino, Giorgia, Ideta, Mylena Miki Lopes, Iglesias, Irene, Ilunga, Ali, Imtiaz, Nafiz, Islam, Rafiza, Ivashchenko, Serge, Izirouel, Karim, Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi, Jabal, Soubhi, Jabang, John Nute, Jamjoom, Aimun, Jan, Irfan, Jarju, Landing BM, Javed, Saad, Jelaca, Bojan, Jhawar, Sukhdeep Singh, Jiang, Ting Ting, Jimenez, Fernando, Jiris, Jorge, Jithoo, Ron, Johnson, Walt, Joseph, Mathew, Joshi, Rameshman, Junttila, Eija, Jusabani, Mubashir, Kache, Stephen Akau, Kadali, Satyavara Prasad, Kalkmann, Gabriela F, Kamboh, Usman, Kandel, Hitham, Karakus, Ahmet Kamil, Kassa, Mengistu, Katila, Ari, Kato, Yoko, Keba, Martin, Kehoe, Kristy, Kertmen, Huseyin Hayri, Khafaji, Soha, Khajanchi, Monty, Khan, Mohammed, Khan, Muhammad Mukhtar, Khan, Sohail Daud, Khizar, Ahtesham, Khriesh, Amir, Kierońska, Sara, Kisanga, Paul, Kivevele, Boniface, Koczyk, Kacper, Koerling, Anna-Lucia, Koffenberger, Danielle, Kõiv, Kennet, Kõiv, Leho, Kolarovszki, Branislav, König, Marton, Könü-Leblebicioglu, Dilek, Koppala, Santhoshi Devi, Korhonen, Tommi, Kostkiewicz, Boguslaw, Kostyra, Kacper, Kotakadira, Srinivas, Kotha, Arjun Reddy, Kottakki, Madhu Narayana Rao, Krajcinovic, Nenad, Krakowiak, Michal, Kramer, Andreas, Krishnamoorthy, Selvamuthukumaran, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Pankaj, Kumar, Pradhumna, Kumarasinghe, Nilaksha, Kuncha, Gowtham, Kutty, Raja K., Laeke, Tsegazeab, Lafta, Ghazwan, Lammy, Simon, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Lardani, Jacopo, Lasica, Nebojsa, Lastrucci, Giancarlo, Launey, Yoann, Lavalle, Laura, Lawrence, Tim, Lazaro, Albert, Lebed, Vitalii, Leinonen, Ville, Lemeri, Lawrence, Levi, Leon, Lim, Jia Yi, Lim, Xiao Yi, Linares-Torres, Jorge, Lippa, Laura, Lisboa, Lurdes, Liu, Jinfang, Liu, Ziyuan, Lo, William B, Lodin, Jan, Loi, Federico, Londono, Daniella, Lopez, Pedro Antonio Gomez, López, Cristina Barceló, Lotbiniere-Bassett, Madeleine De, Lulens, Rihards, Luna, Facundo Hector, Luoto, Teemu, M.V., Vijaya Sekhar, Mabovula, Ndyebo, MacAllister, Matthew, Macie, Alcina Americo, Maduri, Rodolfo, Mahfoud, Moufid, Mahmood, Ashraf, Mahmoud, Fathia, Mahoney, Dominic, Makhlouf, Wissam, Malcolm, George, Malomo, Adefolarin, Malomo, Toluyemi, Mani, Manoranjitha Kumari, Marçal, Tomás Gazzinelli, Marchello, Jacopo, Marchesini, Nicolò, Marhold, Franz, Marklund, Niklas, Martín-Láez, Rubén, Mathaneswaran, Vickneswaran, Mato-Mañas, David José, Maye, Helen, McLean, Aaron Lawson, McMahon, Catherine, Mediratta, Saniya, Mehboob, Mehreen, Meneses, Alisson, Mentri, Nesrine, Mersha, Hagos, Mesa, Ana Milena, Meyer, Cristy, Millward, Christopher, Mimbir, Salomao Amone, Mingoli, Andrea, Mishra, Parashruram, Mishra, Tejesh, Misra, Basant, Mittal, Siddharth, Mohammed, Imran, Moldovan, Ioana, Molefe, Masechaba, Moles, Alexis, Moodley, Preston, Morales, Mario Augusto Narváez, Morgan, Lucy, Morillo, German Del Castillo, Moustafa, Wahab, Moustakis, Nikolaos, Mrichi, Salma, Munjal, Satya Shiva, Muntaka, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed, Naicker, Denver, Nakashima, Paulo E H, Nandigama, Pratap Kumar, Nash, Samantha, Negoi, Ionut, Negoita, Valetina, Neupane, Samundra, Nguyen, Manh Hung, Niantiarno, Fajar Herbowo, Noble, Abbi, Nor, Mohd Arman Muhamad, Nowak, Blazej, Oancea, Andrei, O'Brien, Frazer, Okere, Oghenekevwe, Olaya, Sandra, Oliveira, Leandro, Oliveira, Louise Makarem, Omar, Fatma, Ononeme, Okezi, Opšenák, René, Orlandini, Simone, Osama, Alrobah, Osei-Poku, Dorcas, Osman, Haytham, Otero, Alvaro, Ottenhausen, Malte, Otzri, Shuli, Outani, Oumaima, Owusu, Emmanuel Abem, Owusu-Agyemang, Kevin, Ozair, Ahmad, Ozoner, Baris, Paal, Elli, Paiva, Mauro Sérgio, Paiva, Wellingson, Pandey, Sharad, Pansini, Gastone, Pansini, Luigi, Pantel, Tobias, Pantelas, Nikolaos, Papadopoulos, Konstantinos, Papic, Vladimir, Park, Kee, Park, Nick, Paschoal, Eric Homero Albuquerque, Paschoalino, Mylla Christie de Oliveira, Pathi, Rajesh, Peethambaran, Anilkumar, Pereira, Thiago Andrade, Perez, Irene Panero, Pérez, Claudio José Piqueras, Periyasamy, Tamilanandh, Peron, Stefano, Phillips, Michael, Picazo, Sofía Sotos, Pinar, Ertugrul, Pinggera, Daniel, Piper, Rory, Pirakash, Pathmanesan, Popadic, Branko, Posti, Jussi P., Prabhakar, Rajmohan Bhanu, Pradeepan, Sivanesalingam, Prasad, Manjunath, Prieto, Paola Calvachi, Prince, Ron, Prontera, Andrea, Provaznikova, Eva, Quadros, Danilo, Quintero, Nezly Jadid Romero, Qureshi, Mahmood, Rabiel, Happiness, Rada, Gabriel, Ragavan, Sivagnanam, Rahman, Jueria, Ramadhan, Omar, Ramaswamy, Padma, Rashid, Sakina, Rathugamage, Jagath, Rätsep, Tõnu, Rauhala, Minna, Raza, Asif, Reddycherla, Naga Raju, Reen, Linus, Refaat, Mohamed, Regli, Luca, Ren, Haijun, Ria, Antonio, Ribeiro, Thales Francisco, Ricci, Alessandro, Richterová, Romana, Ringel, Florian, Robertson, Faith, Rocha, Catarina Mayrink Siqueira Cabral, Rogério, Juvenal de Souza, Romano, Adan Anibal, Rothemeyer, Sally, Rousseau, Gail Rousseau Gail, Roza, Ranette, Rueda, Kevin David Farelo, Ruiz, Raiza, Rundgren, Malin, Rzeplinski, Radoslaw, S.Chandran, Raj, Sadayandi, Ramesh Andi, Sage, William, Sagerer, André Norbert Josef, Sakar, Mustafa, Salami, Mohcine, Sale, Danjuma, Saleh, Youssuf, Sánchez-Viguera, Cristina, Sandila, Saning'o, Sanli, Ahmet Metin, Santi, Laura, Santoro, Antonio, Santos, Aieska Kellen Dantas Dos, Santos, Samir Cezimbra dos, Sanz, Borja, Sapkota, Shabal, Sasidharan, Gopalakrishnan, Sasillo, Ibrahim, Satoskar, Rajeev, Sayar, Ali Caner, Sayee, Vignesh, Scheichel, Florian, Schiavo, Felipe Lourenzon, Schupper, Alexander, Schwarz, Andreas, Scott, Teresa, Seeberger, Esther, Segundo, Claudionor Nogueira Costa, Seidu, Anwar Sadat, Selfa, Antonio, Selmi, Nazan Has, Selvarajah, Claudiya, Şengel, Necmiye, Seule, Martin, Severo, Luiz, Shah, Purva, Shahzad, Muhammad, Shangase, Thobekile, Sharma, Mayur, Shiban, Ehab, Shimber, Emnet, Shokunbi, Temitayo, Siddiqui, Kaynat, Sieg, Emily, Siegemund, Martin, Sikder, Shahidur Rahman, Silva, Ana Cristina Veiga, Silva, Ana, Silva, Pedro Alberto, Singh, Deepinder, Skadden, Carly, Skola, Josef, Skouteli, Eirini, Słoniewski, Pawel, Smith, Brandon, Solanki, Guirish, Solla, Davi Fontoura, Solla, Davi, Sonmez, Ozcan, Sönmez, Müge, Soon, Wai Cheong, Stefini, Roberto, Stienen, Martin Nikolaus, Stoica, Bogdan, Stovell, Matthew, Suarez, Maria Natalia, Sulaiman, Alaa, Suliman, Mazin, Sulistyanto, Adi, Sulubulut, Şeniz, Sungailaite, Sandra, Surbeck, Madlen, Szmuda, Tomasz, Taddei, Graziano, Tadele, Abraham, Taher, Ahmed Saleh Ahmed, Takala, Riikka, Talari, Krishna Murthy, Tan, Bih Huei, Tariciotti, Leonardo, Tarmohamed, Murad, Taroua, Oumayma, Tatti, Emiliano, Tenovuo, Olli, Tetri, Sami, Thakkar, Poojan, Thango, Nqobile, Thatikonda, Satish Kumar, Thesleff, Tuomo, Thomé, Claudius, Thornton, Owen, Timmons, Shelly, Timoteo, Eva Ercilio, Tingate, Campbell, Tliba, Souhil, Tolias, Christos, Toman, Emma, Torres, Ivan, Torres, Luis, Touissi, Youness, Touray, Musa, Tropeano, Maria Pia, Tsermoulas, Georgios, Tsitsipanis, Christos, Turkoglu, Mehmet Erhan, Uçkun, Özhan Merzuk, Ullman, Jamie, Ungureanu, Gheorghe, Urasa, Sarah, Ur-Rehman, Obaid, Uysal, Muhammed, Vakis, Antonios, Valeinis, Egils, Valluru, Vaishali, Vannoy, Debby, Vargas, Pablo, Varotsis, Phillipos, Varshney, Rahul, Vats, Atul, Veljanoski, Damjan, Venturini, Sara, Verma, Abhijit, Villa, Clara, Villa, Genaro, Villar, Sofia, Villard, Erin, Viruez, Antonio, Voglis, Stefanos, Vulekovic, Petar, Wadanamby, Saman, Wagner, Katherine, Walshe, Rebecca, Walter, Jan, Waseem, Marriam, Whitworth, Tony, Wijeyekoon, Ruwani, Williams, Adam, Wilson, Mark, Win, Sein, Winarso, Achmad Wahib Wahju, Ximenes, Abraão Wagner Pessoa, Yadav, Anurag, Yadav, Dipak, Yakoub, Kamal Makram, Yalcinkaya, Ali, Yan, Guizhong, Yaqoob, Eesha, Yepes, Carlos, Yılmaz, Ayfer Nazmiye, Yishak, Betelehem, Yousuf, Farhat Basheer, Zahari, Muhammad Zamzuri, Zakaria, Hussein, Zambonin, Diego, Zavatto, Luca, Zebian, Bassel, Zeitlberger, Anna Maria, Zhang, Furong, Zheng, Fengwei, Ziga, Michal, Clark, David, Joannides, Alexis, Adeleye, Amos Olufemi, Bajamal, Abdul Hafid, Bashford, Tom, Biluts, Hagos, Budohoski, Karol, Ercole, Ari, Fernández-Méndez, Rocío, Figaji, Anthony, Gupta, Deepak Kumar, Härtl, Roger, Iaccarino, Corrado, Khan, Tariq, Rubiano, Andrés, Shabani, Hamisi K, Sichizya, Kachinga, Tewari, Manoj, Tirsit, Abenezer, Thu, Myat, Tripathi, Manjul, Trivedi, Rikin, Devi, Bhagavatula Indira, Servadei, Franco, Menon, David, Kolias, Angelos, and Hutchinson, Peter

Published
2022
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16. Clinical, Histopathologic and Genetic Features of Rhabdoid Meningiomas

Author

Junta de Castilla y León, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Garrido Ruiz, Patricia Alejandra, González-Tablas, María, Pasco Peña, Alejandro, Zelaya Huerta, María Victoria, Ortiz, Javier, Otero, Álvaro, Corchete, Luis A., Ludeña, María Dolores, Caballero Martínez, María Cristina, Córdoba Iturriagagoitia, Alicia, Catalina-Fernández, Inmaculada, González-Carreró Fojón, Joaquín, Hernández Laín, Aurelio, Orfao, Alberto, Tabernero, María D., Junta de Castilla y León, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Garrido Ruiz, Patricia Alejandra, González-Tablas, María, Pasco Peña, Alejandro, Zelaya Huerta, María Victoria, Ortiz, Javier, Otero, Álvaro, Corchete, Luis A., Ludeña, María Dolores, Caballero Martínez, María Cristina, Córdoba Iturriagagoitia, Alicia, Catalina-Fernández, Inmaculada, González-Carreró Fojón, Joaquín, Hernández Laín, Aurelio, Orfao, Alberto, and Tabernero, María D.

Abstract

Rhabdoid meningiomas (RM) shows heterogeneous histological findings, and a wide variety of chromosomal copy number alterations (CNA) are associated with an unpredictable course of the disease. In this study, we analyzed a series of 305 RM samples from patients previously reported in the literature and 33 samples from 23 patients studied in our laboratory. Monosomy 22-involving the minimal but most common recurrent region loss of the 22q11.23 chromosomal region was the most observed chromosomal alteration, followed by losses of chromosomes 14, 1, 6, and 19, polysomies of chromosomes 17, 1q, and 20, and gains of 13q14.2, 10p13, and 21q21.2 chromosomal regions. Based on their CNA profile, RM could be classified into two genetic subgroups with distinct clinicopathologic features characterized by the presence of (1) chromosomal losses only and (2) combined losses and gains of several chromosomes. The latter displays a higher frequency of WHO grade 3 tumors and poorer clinical outcomes.

Published
2023

17. Sagrado Instinto: dos lugares de culto en la obra de Álvaro Siza

Author

Martínez Santa-María, Luis, Moral Otero, Álvaro del, Martínez Santa-María, Luis, and Moral Otero, Álvaro del

Abstract

Este trabajo toma prestado su título de un fragmento del Libro del desasosiego, de Fernando Pessoa: «el sagrado instinto de no tener teorías». Y es que Álvaro Siza (Matosinhos, 1933) ha hecho de la ausencia de método, teorías o discursos la razón de ser de su arquitectura. Sus edificios son respuesta directa a los condicionantes de su proceso de concepción, por lo que es imposible encontrar dos iguales. Es muy difícil hablar de la arquitectura del maestro portugués en términos absolutos. Eso hace que sea tan interesante realizar una comparación entre algunos de los muchos edificios que componen su extensa carrera, y en este texto me voy a centrar en dos de sus obras de carácter religioso. Cuando se inauguró la Iglesia de Santa María, en Marco de Canaveses, en el año 1996, Álvaro Siza ya contaba con más 30 años de carrera a sus espaldas, pero era su primera incursión en el terreno de la arquitectura religiosa. Eso motivó que se le preguntase repetidas veces por sus creencias, algo a lo que el arquitecto siempre se cuidó de responder, considerando que ser o no religioso, o practicante, no iba a tener efecto alguno en su capacidad de hacer buena arquitectura eclesial. Desde entonces, Siza no ha construido más que otra iglesia, y cuatro capillas. Una de ellas, la Capela do Monte, inaugurada 22 años después, será la otra protagonista de este texto. Son dos obras muy espaciadas en el tiempo, por lo que ofrecen buena muestra del hacer de un arquitecto en diferentes momentos de su trayectoria profesional. La Iglesia de Santa María y la Capela do Monte cuentan con las suficientes similitudes para que sea interesante compararlas, pero con una gran cantidad de diferencias –entorno, escala, aspecto…– que ofrecen una perspectiva muy interesante acerca del trabajo del arquitecto en contextos y situaciones muy variadas. La comparación entre ambas obras servirá para explorar los mecanismos proyectuales que ha seguido Siza en su –escasa– producción religiosa, además de poder entabla

Published
2023

18. Emergence and cosmic evolution of the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation driven by interstellar turbulence.

Author

Kraljic, Katarina, Renaud, Florent, Dubois, Yohan, Pichon, Christophe, Agertz, Oscar, Andersson, Eric, Devriendt, Julien, Freundlich, Jonathan, Kaviraj, Sugata, Kimm, Taysun, Martin, Garreth, Peirani, Sébastien, Segovia Otero, Álvaro, Volonteri, Marta, and Yi, Sukyoung K.

Subjects
INTERSTELLAR medium, STELLAR mass, MACH number, TURBULENCE, STAR formation
Abstract

The scaling relations between the gas content and star formation rate of galaxies provide useful insights into the processes governing their formation and evolution. We investigated the emergence and the physical drivers of the global Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) relation at 0.25 ≤ z ≤ 4 in the cosmological hydrodynamic simulation NEWHORIZON, capturing the evolution of a few hundred galaxies with a resolution down to 34 pc. The details of this relation vary strongly with the stellar mass of galaxies and the redshift. A power-law relation ΣSFR ∝ Σgasa with a ≈ 1.4, like that found empirically, emerges at z ≈ 2 − 3 for the more massive half of the galaxy population. However, no such convergence is found in the lower-mass galaxies, for which the relation gets shallower with decreasing redshift. At galactic scales, the star formation activity correlates with the level of turbulence of the interstellar medium, quantified by the Mach number, rather than with the gas fraction (neutral or molecular), confirming the conclusions found in previous works. With decreasing redshift, the number of outliers with short depletion times diminishes, reducing the scatter of the KS relation, while the overall population of galaxies shifts toward low densities. Our results, from parsec-scale star formation models calibrated with local Universe physics, demonstrate that the cosmological evolution of the environmental (e.g., mergers) and internal conditions (e.g., gas fractions) conspire to shape the KS relation. This is an illustration of how the interplay of global and local processes leaves a detectable imprint on galactic-scale observables and scaling relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Online Methods from Exome Sequencing of Plasma DNA Portrays the Mutation Landscape of Colorectal Cancer and Discovers Mutated VEGFR2 Receptors as Modulators of Antiangiogenic Therapies

Author

Toledo, Rodrigo A., primary, Garralda, Elena, primary, Mitsi, Maria, primary, Pons, Tirso, primary, Monsech, Jorge, primary, Vega, Estela, primary, Otero, Álvaro, primary, Albarran, Maria I., primary, Baños, Natalia, primary, Durán, Yolanda, primary, Bonilla, Victoria, primary, Sarno, Francesca, primary, Camacho-Artacho, Marta, primary, Sanchez-Perez, Tania, primary, Perea, Sofia, primary, Álvarez, Rafael, primary, De Martino, Alba, primary, Lietha, Daniel, primary, Blanco-Aparicio, Carmen, primary, Cubillo, Antonio, primary, Domínguez, Orlando, primary, Martínez-Torrecuadrada, Jorge L., primary, and Hidalgo, Manuel, primary

Published
2023
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20. Legends supplementary Figures 1-6 from Exome Sequencing of Plasma DNA Portrays the Mutation Landscape of Colorectal Cancer and Discovers Mutated VEGFR2 Receptors as Modulators of Antiangiogenic Therapies

Author

Toledo, Rodrigo A., primary, Garralda, Elena, primary, Mitsi, Maria, primary, Pons, Tirso, primary, Monsech, Jorge, primary, Vega, Estela, primary, Otero, Álvaro, primary, Albarran, Maria I., primary, Baños, Natalia, primary, Durán, Yolanda, primary, Bonilla, Victoria, primary, Sarno, Francesca, primary, Camacho-Artacho, Marta, primary, Sanchez-Perez, Tania, primary, Perea, Sofia, primary, Álvarez, Rafael, primary, De Martino, Alba, primary, Lietha, Daniel, primary, Blanco-Aparicio, Carmen, primary, Cubillo, Antonio, primary, Domínguez, Orlando, primary, Martínez-Torrecuadrada, Jorge L., primary, and Hidalgo, Manuel, primary

Published
2023
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23. Sagrado Instinto: dos lugares de culto en la obra de Álvaro Siza

Author

Moral Otero, Álvaro del and Martínez Santa-María, Luis

Subjects
Arquitectura
Abstract

Este trabajo toma prestado su título de un fragmento del Libro del desasosiego, de Fernando Pessoa: «el sagrado instinto de no tener teorías». Y es que Álvaro Siza (Matosinhos, 1933) ha hecho de la ausencia de método, teorías o discursos la razón de ser de su arquitectura. Sus edificios son respuesta directa a los condicionantes de su proceso de concepción, por lo que es imposible encontrar dos iguales. Es muy difícil hablar de la arquitectura del maestro portugués en términos absolutos. Eso hace que sea tan interesante realizar una comparación entre algunos de los muchos edificios que componen su extensa carrera, y en este texto me voy a centrar en dos de sus obras de carácter religioso. Cuando se inauguró la Iglesia de Santa María, en Marco de Canaveses, en el año 1996, Álvaro Siza ya contaba con más 30 años de carrera a sus espaldas, pero era su primera incursión en el terreno de la arquitectura religiosa. Eso motivó que se le preguntase repetidas veces por sus creencias, algo a lo que el arquitecto siempre se cuidó de responder, considerando que ser o no religioso, o practicante, no iba a tener efecto alguno en su capacidad de hacer buena arquitectura eclesial. Desde entonces, Siza no ha construido más que otra iglesia, y cuatro capillas. Una de ellas, la Capela do Monte, inaugurada 22 años después, será la otra protagonista de este texto. Son dos obras muy espaciadas en el tiempo, por lo que ofrecen buena muestra del hacer de un arquitecto en diferentes momentos de su trayectoria profesional. La Iglesia de Santa María y la Capela do Monte cuentan con las suficientes similitudes para que sea interesante compararlas, pero con una gran cantidad de diferencias –entorno, escala, aspecto…– que ofrecen una perspectiva muy interesante acerca del trabajo del arquitecto en contextos y situaciones muy variadas. La comparación entre ambas obras servirá para explorar los mecanismos proyectuales que ha seguido Siza en su –escasa– producción religiosa, además de poder entablar un diálogo con el resto de su obra, y con otras iglesias y capillas de grandes maestros que sin duda le han influido.

Published
2023

24. Clinical, Histopathologic and Genetic Features of Rhabdoid Meningiomas

Author

Garrido Ruiz, Patricia Alejandra, primary, González-Tablas, María, additional, Pasco Peña, Alejandro, additional, Zelaya Huerta, María Victoria, additional, Ortiz, Javier, additional, Otero, Álvaro, additional, Corchete, Luis Antonio, additional, Ludeña, María Dolores, additional, Caballero Martínez, María Cristina, additional, Córdoba Iturriagagoitia, Alicia, additional, Fernández, Inmaculada Catalina, additional, González-Carreró Fojón, Joaquín, additional, Hernández Laín, Aurelio, additional, Orfao, Alberto, additional, and Tabernero, María Dolores, additional

Published
2023
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28. Whole-Exome sequencing reveals recurrent but heterogeneous mutational profiles in sporadic who grade 1 meningiomas

Author

González-Tablas, María, Prieto, Carlos, Arandia, Daniel, Jara-Acevedo, María, Otero, Álvaro, Pascual, Daniel, Ruíz, Laura, Álvarez-Twose, Iván, García-Montero, Andrés Celestino, Orfao, Alberto, Tabernero, María Dolores, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Junta de Castilla y León, European Commission, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)

Subjects
PTEN, Cytogenetics, Oncology, WHO grade 1 meningioma, NF2, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Mutational profiles, Original Research, Whole exome sequencing (WES)
Abstract

© 2021 González-Tablas, Prieto, Arandia, Jara-Acevedo, Otero, Pascual, Ruíz, Álvarez-Twose, García-Montero, Orfao and Tabernero., Human WHO grade 1 meningiomas are generally considered benign tumors; despite this, they account for ≈50% of all recurrent meningiomas. Currently, limited data exist about the mutational profiles of grade 1 meningiomas and patient outcome. We investigated the genetic variants present in 32 WHO grade 1 meningiomas using whole exome sequencing, and correlated gene mutational profiles with tumor cytogenetics and patient outcome. Overall, WHO grade 1 meningiomas harbored numerous and heterogeneous genetic variants, which most frequently affected the NF2 (47%) gene and to a less extent the PNMA6A (22%), TIGD1 (16%), SMO (13%), PTEN (13%), CREG2 (9%), EEF1A1 (6%), POLR2A (6%), ARID1B (3%), and FAIM3 (3%) genes. Notably, non-synonymous genetic variants of SMO and POLR2A were restricted to diploid meningiomas, whereas NF2 mutations were only found among tumors that showed -22/22q─ (with or without a complex karyotype). Based on NF2 mutations and tumor cytogenetics, four genetic profiles were defined with an impact on patient recurrence-free survival (RFS). These included (1) two good-prognosis tumor subgroups—diploid meningiomas (n=9) and isolated -22/22q─ associated with NF2 mutation (n=7)—with RFS rates at 10 y of 100%; and (2) two subgroups of poor-prognosis meningiomas—isolated -22/22q─ without NF2 mutation (n=3) and tumors with complex karyotypes (n=11)—with a RFS rate at 10 y of 48% (p=0.003). Our results point out the existence of recurrent but heterogeneous mutational profiles in WHO grade 1 meningiomas which have an impact on patient outcome., This work was supported by grants: IBY 17/00002 from IBSAL (Salamanca, Spain), GRS2132/A2020 from Junta de Castilla y León (Spain), and CB16/12/00400 from CIBER-ONC and FONDOS FEDER (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain).

Published
2021

29. Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Recurrent but Heterogeneous Mutational Profiles in Sporadic WHO Grade 1 Meningiomas

Author

González-Tablas, María, primary, Prieto, Carlos, additional, Arandia, Daniel, additional, Jara-Acevedo, María, additional, Otero, Álvaro, additional, Pascual, Daniel, additional, Ruíz, Laura, additional, Álvarez-Twose, Iván, additional, García-Montero, Andrés Celestino, additional, Orfao, Alberto, additional, and Tabernero, María Dolores, additional

Published
2021
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31. merger–starburst connection across cosmic times.

Author

Renaud, Florent, Segovia Otero, Álvaro, and Agertz, Oscar

Subjects
STARBURSTS, GALACTIC evolution, GALAXY mergers, STAR formation, STELLAR mass, MERGERS & acquisitions, GALAXY formation
Abstract

The correspondence between galaxy major mergers and starburst activity is well established observationally and in simulations of low-redshift galaxies. However, the evolution of the properties of interactions and of the galaxies involved suggests that the starburst response of galaxies to merger events could vary across cosmic time. Using the vintergatan cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy, we show here that starbursts, i.e. episodes of fast star formation, are connected with the onset of tidal compression, itself induced by mergers. However, this compression becomes strong enough to trigger starbursts only after the formation of the galactic disc. As a consequence, starburst episodes are only found during a precise phase of galaxy evolution, after the formation of the disc and until the last major merger. As the depletion time quantifies the instantaneous star formation activity, while the specific star formation rate involves the integrated result of the past activity (via the stellar mass), starburst episodes do not necessarily coincide with elevated specific star formation rate. This suggests that not all starburst galaxies are outliers above the main sequence of galaxy formation.ok [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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32. Construcciones animales: los espacios instintivos de la naturaleza

Author

Sánchez Otero, Álvaro and Bustamante Montoro, Rosa

Subjects
Arquitectura
Abstract

En nuestro planeta existen miles de especies animales que han conseguido adaptarse de un modo u otro a los ecosistemas donde viven. Algunos de ellos, especialmente los más grandes, son capaces de vivir sin necesidad de ningún tipo de refugio. Otros sin embargo dedican mucho tiempo y energía para mejorar sus condiciones de vida y las de su descendencia. Dentro de ese grupo de animales constructores, hay un amplio abanico de especies y soluciones que dan como resultado una gran variedad de nidos y madrigueras que les ayudan a protegerse mejor de los factores climáticos y del ataque de depredadores. En pocas ocasiones se tiene una visión arquitectónica de estas obras creadas por la naturaleza tras millones de años de perfeccionamiento. Este trabajo pretende analizar más en profundidad todo lo que conlleva construir y habitar un nido, seleccionando seis especies de animales diferentes: faisán australiano (Leipoa ocellata), tejedor republicano (Philetairus socius), gorrión molinero (Passer montanus), termita brújula (Amitermes meridionalis), abeja europea (Apis mellifera) y castor canadiense (Castor canadensis). Éstas están distribuidas por la mayor parte del planeta y a día de hoy son un claro ejemplo de supervivencia y adaptación. El ejercicio aborda cuestiones como el proceso constructivo, las condiciones ambientales a las que hacen frente, los materiales utilizados y la modificación de los lugares donde se sitúan. On our planet there are thousands of animal species that have managed to adapt, in one way or another, to the ecosystem where they live. Some of them, especially the biggest ones, are able to live without any need for refuge. However, others invest time and energy to improve their own and their off spring’s living conditions. Within this group of animal architects, exists a wide range of species and resources that results in a great variety of nests and dens providing them better protection against climate factors and predators’ attack. It rarely has an architectonic vision of these works created by nature after millions of years of refi nement. This work aims to analyse in-depth all that involves building and inhabiting a nest by selecting six different species of animals: malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata), republican weaver (Philetairus socius), eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus), magnetic termite (Amitermes meridionalis), european bee (Apis mellifera) and canadian beaver (Castor canadensis). These are distributed over the planet and are today a clear example of survival and adaptation. The exercise addresses issues such as the construction process, the environmental conditions they face, the materials used and the modifi cation of the places where they are located.

Published
2021

34. Elementos de álgebra básica

Author

Moros Otero, Álvaro E.

Subjects
Calculation I, Álgebra -- Problemas, ejercicios, etc, Exercises, Manual, Universitarios, Ejercicios, Enseñanza del álgebra, University students, Problemas de aprendizaje, Math I, Álgebra -- Enseñanza, Matemáticas I, Cálculo I, Learning disabilities
Abstract

Notas de álgebra básica escritas con el fin de ayudar a los estudiantes que recién ingresan a la universidad, pues uno de los mayores problemas que encuentran en el primer semestre, al hacer un curso de Cálculo I o Matemáticas I, es el poco manejo que tienen en los temas algebraicos. Teniendo en cuenta la limitación del tiempo (20 horas), en estas notas no se incluyen los tópicos que se ven más adelante durante el transcurso del semestre regular en los cursos de Cálculo I o Matemáticas I. El manual, escrito en una forma sencilla y en un nivel muy asequible, presenta los temas algebraicos totalmente ligados, teniendo que ser estudiado con continuidad, observando y analizando muy detenidamente todos y cada uno de los ejemplos dados en seguida de cada explicación y luego se deben solucionar los ejercicios propuestos. Es muy factible que alguno de ellos no se pueda realizar, pero muy seguramente con la ayuda y guía de su profesor se pueda hacer; todo es parte de un proceso. Basic algebra notes written to help students who are just entering college, because one of the biggest problems they find in the first semester, when taking a course of Calculus I or Math I, is the little management they have in algebraic subjects. Taking into account the time limitation (20 hours), these notes do not include the topics that are seen later during the course of the regular semester in the courses of Calculus I or Math I. The manual, written in a simple form and at a very accessible level, presents the algebraic topics totally linked, having to be studied with continuity, observing and analyzing very carefully each and every one of the examples given following each explanation and then the proposed exercises must be solved. It is very possible that some of them cannot be done, but very surely with the help and guidance of your teacher it can be done; everything is part of a process.

Published
2020

35. Construcciones animales: los espacios instintivos de la naturaleza

Author

Bustamante Montoro, Rosa, Sánchez Otero, Álvaro, Bustamante Montoro, Rosa, and Sánchez Otero, Álvaro

Abstract

En nuestro planeta existen miles de especies animales que han conseguido adaptarse de un modo u otro a los ecosistemas donde viven. Algunos de ellos, especialmente los más grandes, son capaces de vivir sin necesidad de ningún tipo de refugio. Otros sin embargo dedican mucho tiempo y energía para mejorar sus condiciones de vida y las de su descendencia. Dentro de ese grupo de animales constructores, hay un amplio abanico de especies y soluciones que dan como resultado una gran variedad de nidos y madrigueras que les ayudan a protegerse mejor de los factores climáticos y del ataque de depredadores. En pocas ocasiones se tiene una visión arquitectónica de estas obras creadas por la naturaleza tras millones de años de perfeccionamiento. Este trabajo pretende analizar más en profundidad todo lo que conlleva construir y habitar un nido, seleccionando seis especies de animales diferentes: faisán australiano (Leipoa ocellata), tejedor republicano (Philetairus socius), gorrión molinero (Passer montanus), termita brújula (Amitermes meridionalis), abeja europea (Apis mellifera) y castor canadiense (Castor canadensis). Éstas están distribuidas por la mayor parte del planeta y a día de hoy son un claro ejemplo de supervivencia y adaptación. El ejercicio aborda cuestiones como el proceso constructivo, las condiciones ambientales a las que hacen frente, los materiales utilizados y la modificación de los lugares donde se sitúan. On our planet there are thousands of animal species that have managed to adapt, in one way or another, to the ecosystem where they live. Some of them, especially the biggest ones, are able to live without any need for refuge. However, others invest time and energy to improve their own and their off spring’s living conditions. Within this group of animal architects, exists a wide range of species and resources that results in a great variety of nests and dens providing them better protection against climate factors and predators’ attack. It rarely has an arc

Published
2021

36. Tumor cell and immune cell profiles in primary human glioblastoma: Impact on patient outcome

Author

Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Junta de Castilla y León, González-Tablas, María, Otero, Álvaro, Arandia, Daniel, Pascual-Argente, Daniel, Ruiz-Martin, Laura, Sousa, Pablo, García-Martin, Andoni, Roa Montes de Oca, Juan Carlos, Villaseñor-Ledezma, Javier, Carretero, Luis Torres, Almeida, María, Ortiz, Javier, Nieto, Adelaida, Orfao, Alberto, Tabernero, María D., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Junta de Castilla y León, González-Tablas, María, Otero, Álvaro, Arandia, Daniel, Pascual-Argente, Daniel, Ruiz-Martin, Laura, Sousa, Pablo, García-Martin, Andoni, Roa Montes de Oca, Juan Carlos, Villaseñor-Ledezma, Javier, Carretero, Luis Torres, Almeida, María, Ortiz, Javier, Nieto, Adelaida, Orfao, Alberto, and Tabernero, María D.

Abstract

The distribution and role of tumor-infiltrating leucocytes in glioblastoma (GBM) remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the cellular composition of 55 primary (adult) GBM samples by flow cytometry and correlated the tumor immune profile with patient features at diagnosis and outcome. GBM single-cell suspensions were stained at diagnosis (n = 44) and recurrence following radiotherapy and chemotherapy (n = 11) with a panel of 8-color monoclonal antibody combinations for the identification and enumeration of (GFAPCD45) tumor and normal astrocytic cells, infiltrating myeloid cells —i.e. microglial and blood-derived tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), M1-like, and M2-like TAM, neutrophils. and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)— and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) —i.e. CD3T-cells and their TCD4, TCD8, TCD4CD8, and (CD25CD127) regulatory (T-regs) subsets, (CD19CD20) B-cells, and (CD16) NK-cells—. Overall, GBM samples consisted of a major population (mean ± 1SD) of tumor and normal astrocytic cells (73% ± 16%) together with a significant but variable fraction of immune cells (24% ± 18%). Within myeloid cells, TAM predominated (13% ± 12%) including both microglial cells (10% ± 11%) and blood-derived macrophages (3% ± 5%), in addition to a smaller proportion of neutrophils (5% ± 9%) and MDSC (4% ± 8%). Lymphocytes were less represented and mostly included TCD4 (0.5% ± 0.7%) and TCD8 cells (0.6% ± 0.7%), together with lower numbers of TCD4CD8 T-cells (0.2% ± 0.4%), T-regs (0.1% ± 0.2%), B-lymphocytes (0.1% ± 0.2%) and NK-cells (0.05% ± 0.05%). Overall, three distinct immune profiles were identified: cases with a minor fraction of leucocytes, tumors with a predominance of TAM and neutrophils, and cases with mixed infiltration by TAM, neutrophils, and T-lymphocytes. Untreated GBM patients with mixed myeloid and lymphoid immune infiltrates showed a significantly shorter patient overall survival versus the other two groups, in the absence of gains of the EGFR ge

Published
2021

38. Protocolo de prueba de ventilador mecánico para atención de pacientes con COVID-19 en modelo porcino

Author

García-Castro, Giovanni, primary, Latorre-Galeano, David, additional, Giraldo-Montoya, Ángela María, additional, Cabrales-Vega, Rodolfo Adrián, additional, Isaza-Velásquez, Enrique, additional, Gómez-González, José Fernando, additional, González-Corrales, Juan Carlos, additional, Ardila-Otero, Álvaro, additional, Flórez-Castañeda, Indhira Tatiana, additional, Chica-Builes, Juan Fernando, additional, Martínez-Ávila, Ángela María, additional, and González-Colonia, Luz Victoria, additional

Published
2021
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39. Tumor cell and immune cell profiles in primary human glioblastoma: Impact on patient outcome

Author

González‐Tablas Pimenta, María, primary, Otero, Álvaro, additional, Arandia Guzman, Daniel Angel, additional, Pascual‐Argente, Daniel, additional, Ruíz Martín, Laura, additional, Sousa‐Casasnovas, Pablo, additional, García‐Martin, Andoni, additional, Roa Montes de Oca, Juan Carlos, additional, Villaseñor‐Ledezma, Javier, additional, Torres Carretero, Luis, additional, Almeida, Maria, additional, Ortiz, Javie, additional, Nieto, Adelaida, additional, Orfao, Alberto, additional, and Tabernero, María Dolores, additional

Published
2021
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40. Multivariate analysis reveals differentially expressed genes among distinct subtypes of diffuse astrocytic gliomas: diagnostic implications

Author

Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Junta de Castilla y León, González-Garcia, Nerea, Nieto, Ana B., Vital, Ana Luísa, Tao, Herminio, González-Tablas, María, Otero, Álvaro, Galindo-Villardón, Purificación, Orfao, Alberto, Tabernero, María D., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Junta de Castilla y León, González-Garcia, Nerea, Nieto, Ana B., Vital, Ana Luísa, Tao, Herminio, González-Tablas, María, Otero, Álvaro, Galindo-Villardón, Purificación, Orfao, Alberto, and Tabernero, María D.

Abstract

Diagnosis and classification of gliomas mostly relies on histopathology and a few genetic markers. Here we interrogated microarray gene expression profiles (GEP) of 268 diffuse astrocytic gliomas—33 diffuse astrocytomas (DA), 52 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA) and 183 primary glioblastoma (GBM)—based on multivariate analysis, to identify discriminatory GEP that might support precise histopathological tumor stratification, particularly among inconclusive cases with II–III grade diagnosed, which have different prognosis and treatment strategies. Microarrays based GEP was analyzed on 155 diffuse astrocytic gliomas (discovery cohort) and validated in another 113 tumors (validation set) via sequential univariate analysis (pairwise comparison) for discriminatory gene selection, followed by nonnegative matrix factorization and canonical biplot for identification of discriminatory GEP among the distinct histological tumor subtypes. GEP data analysis identified a set of 27 genes capable of differentiating among distinct subtypes of gliomas that might support current histological classification. DA + AA showed similar molecular profiles with only a few discriminatory genes overexpressed (FSTL5 and SFRP2) and underexpressed (XIST, TOP2A and SHOX2) in DA vs AA and GBM. Compared to DA + AA, GBM displayed underexpression of ETNPPL, SH3GL2, GABRG2, SPX, DPP10, GABRB2 and CNTN3 and overexpression of CHI3L1, IGFBP3, COL1A1 and VEGFA, among other differentially expressed genes.

Published
2020

41. Heterogeneous EGFR, CDK4, MDM4, and PDGFRA gene expression profiles in primary GBM: No association with patient survival

Author

Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, González-Tablas, María, Arandia, Daniel, Jara-Acevedo, Maria, Otero, Álvaro, Vital, Ana Luísa, Prieto, Carlos, González-Garcia, Nerea, Nieto, Ana B., Tao, Herminio, Pascual-Argente, Daniel, Ruiz-Martin, Laura, Sousa, Pablo, Galindo-Villardón, Purificación, Orfao, Alberto, Tabernero, María D., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, González-Tablas, María, Arandia, Daniel, Jara-Acevedo, Maria, Otero, Álvaro, Vital, Ana Luísa, Prieto, Carlos, González-Garcia, Nerea, Nieto, Ana B., Tao, Herminio, Pascual-Argente, Daniel, Ruiz-Martin, Laura, Sousa, Pablo, Galindo-Villardón, Purificación, Orfao, Alberto, and Tabernero, María D.

Abstract

[Background]: The prognostic impact of the expression profile of genes recurrently amplified in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains controversial., [Methods]: We investigated the RNA gene expression profile of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), murine doble minute 4 (MDM4), and platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) in 83 primary GBM tumors vs. 42 normal brain tissue samples. Interphase FISH (iFISH) analysis for the four genes, together with analysis of intragenic deletions in EGFR and PDGFRA, were evaluated in parallel at the DNA level. As validation cohort, publicly available RNA gene expression data on 293 samples from 10 different GBM patient series were also studied., [Results]: At the RNA level, CDK4 was the most frequently overexpressed gene (90%) followed by EGFR (58%) and PDGFRA (58%). Chromosome 7 copy number alterations, i.e., trisomy (49%) and polysomy (44%), showed no clear association with EGFR gene expression levels. In turn, intragenic EGFR deletions were found in 39 patients (47%), including EGFRvIII (46%) in association with EGFRvIVa (4%), EGFRvII (2%) or other EGFR deletions (3%) and PDGFRA deletion of exons 8–9 was found in only two tumors (2%)., [Conclusions]: Overall, none of the gene expression profiles and/or intragenic EGFR deletions showed a significant impact on overall survival of GBM supporting the notion that other still unraveled features of the disease might play a more relevant prognostic role in GBM

Published
2020

42. Heterogeneous EGFR, CDK4, MDM4, and PDGFRA Gene Expression Profiles in Primary GBM: No Association with Patient Survival

Author

González-Tablas, María, primary, Arandia, Daniel, additional, Jara-Acevedo, María, additional, Otero, Álvaro, additional, Vital, Ana-Luisa, additional, Prieto, Carlos, additional, González-Garcia, Nerea, additional, Nieto-Librero, Ana Belén, additional, Tao, Herminio, additional, Pascual, Daniel, additional, Ruiz, Laura, additional, Sousa, Pablo, additional, Galindo-Villardón, Purificación, additional, Orfao, Alberto, additional, and Tabernero, María Dolores, additional

Published
2020
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43. Predicción de nubes a corto plazo para una plataforma solar a partir de datos radiométricos

Author

Martín Otero, Álvaro, Caballero Roldán, Rafael, and Zarzalejo Tirado, Luis Fernando

Subjects
Informática, Redes, Redes de ordenadores, Inteligencia artificial
Abstract

Internet de las cosas es un paradigma que ha revolucionado la conexión entre las personas y los objetos generando en tiempo real una gran cantidad de datos. Debido a esta revolución, diversos campos están viviendo un gran aumento en su utilización, y entre ellos se encuentra el campo de las energías renovables. En concreto, la energía solar está teniendo una velocidad de desarrollo muy acentuada, necesitando nuevas formas de actuar y de gestionar las instalaciones. En este trabajo se aborda el problema de la predicción de radiación global sobre superficie horizontal con alta resolución espacial y temporal (5 minutos) a partir de los datos registrados durante un año en la red radiométrica de alta resolución ubicada en la Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSACIEMAT 1 ). En particular se muestra un método capaz de predecir el valor de radiación en los siguientes minutos a partir de los valores de los minutos anteriores. El método emplea el tipo de red neuronal recurrente conocido como LSTM, capaz de aprender patrones complejos y predecir el próximo elemento de una serie temporal. Los resultados muestran una mejora apreciable en la precisión del método con respecto a la predicción basada en el último valor conocido.

Published
2018

45. Exome Sequencing of Plasma DNA Portrays the Mutation Landscape of Colorectal Cancer and Discovers Mutated VEGFR2 Receptors as Modulators of Antiangiogenic Therapies

Author

Toledo, Rodrigo A., primary, Garralda, Elena, additional, Mitsi, Maria, additional, Pons, Tirso, additional, Monsech, Jorge, additional, Vega, Estela, additional, Otero, Álvaro, additional, Albarran, Maria I., additional, Baños, Natalia, additional, Durán, Yolanda, additional, Bonilla, Victoria, additional, Sarno, Francesca, additional, Camacho-Artacho, Marta, additional, Sanchez-Perez, Tania, additional, Perea, Sofia, additional, Álvarez, Rafael, additional, De Martino, Alba, additional, Lietha, Daniel, additional, Blanco-Aparicio, Carmen, additional, Cubillo, Antonio, additional, Domínguez, Orlando, additional, Martínez-Torrecuadrada, Jorge L., additional, and Hidalgo, Manuel, additional

Published
2018
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46. Prognostic stratification of adult primary glioblastoma multiforme patients based on their tumor gene amplification profiles

Author

González-Tablas, María, primary, Crespo, Inês, additional, Vital, Ana Luísa, additional, Otero, Álvaro, additional, Nieto, Ana Belén, additional, Sousa, Pablo, additional, Patino-Alonso, María Carmen, additional, Corchete, Luis Antonio, additional, Tão, Hermínio, additional, Rebelo, Olinda, additional, Barbosa, Marcos, additional, Almeida, Maria Rosário, additional, Guedes, Ana Filipa, additional, Lopes, María Celeste, additional, French, Pim J., additional, Orfao, Alberto, additional, and Tabernero, María Dolores, additional

Published
2018
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47. Predicción de nubes a corto plazo para una plataforma solar a partir de datos radiométricos

Author

Caballero Roldán, Rafael, Zarzalejo Tirado, Luis Fernando, Martín Otero, Álvaro, Caballero Roldán, Rafael, Zarzalejo Tirado, Luis Fernando, and Martín Otero, Álvaro

Abstract

Internet de las cosas es un paradigma que ha revolucionado la conexión entre las personas y los objetos generando en tiempo real una gran cantidad de datos. Debido a esta revolución, diversos campos están viviendo un gran aumento en su utilización, y entre ellos se encuentra el campo de las energías renovables. En concreto, la energía solar está teniendo una velocidad de desarrollo muy acentuada, necesitando nuevas formas de actuar y de gestionar las instalaciones. En este trabajo se aborda el problema de la predicción de radiación global sobre superficie horizontal con alta resolución espacial y temporal (5 minutos) a partir de los datos registrados durante un año en la red radiométrica de alta resolución ubicada en la Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSACIEMAT 1 ). En particular se muestra un método capaz de predecir el valor de radiación en los siguientes minutos a partir de los valores de los minutos anteriores. El método emplea el tipo de red neuronal recurrente conocido como LSTM, capaz de aprender patrones complejos y predecir el próximo elemento de una serie temporal. Los resultados muestran una mejora apreciable en la precisión del método con respecto a la predicción basada en el último valor conocido., The Internet of Things is a paradigm that has revolutionized the connection between people and objects, generating a large amount of data in real time. Due to this revolution, diverse fields are experiencing a large increase in their use, and among them is the field of renewable energies. In particular, solar energy has a very high development speed, new ways of acting and managing facilities are needed. This work deals with the problem of the prediction of global radiation on a horizontal surface with high spatial and temporal resolution (5 minutes) from the data recorded during a year in the high resolution radiometric network locate in the Solar Platform of Almería (PSA-CIEMAT 2 ). In particular, a method capable of predicting the radiation value in the following minutes from the values of the previous minutes is shown. The method employs the type of recurrent neural red known as LSTM, capable of learning complex patterns and predicting the next element of a time series. The results show an appreciable improvement in the accuracy of the method with respect to the prediction based on the last known value.

Published
2018

48. Prognostic stratification of adult primary glioblastoma multiforme patients based on their tumor gene amplification profiles

Author

Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Junta de Castilla y León, González-Tablas, María, Crespo, Inês, Vital, Ana Luísa, Otero, Álvaro, Nieto, Ana B., Sousa, Ana Berta, Patino-Alonso, María Carmen, Corchete, Luis A., Tao, Herminio, Rebelo, Olinda, Barbosa, Marcos, Almeida, María, Guedes, Ana Filipa, Lopes, Maria Celeste, French, Pim J., Orfao, Alberto, Tabernero, María D., Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Junta de Castilla y León, González-Tablas, María, Crespo, Inês, Vital, Ana Luísa, Otero, Álvaro, Nieto, Ana B., Sousa, Ana Berta, Patino-Alonso, María Carmen, Corchete, Luis A., Tao, Herminio, Rebelo, Olinda, Barbosa, Marcos, Almeida, María, Guedes, Ana Filipa, Lopes, Maria Celeste, French, Pim J., Orfao, Alberto, and Tabernero, María D.

Abstract

Several classification systems have been proposed to address genomic heterogeneity of glioblastoma multiforme, but they either showed limited prognostic value and/or are difficult to implement in routine diagnostics. Here we propose a prognostic stratification model for these primary tumors based on tumor gene amplification profiles, that might be easily implemented in routine diagnostics, and potentially improve the patients management. Gene amplification profiles were prospectively evaluated in 80 primary glioblastoma multiforme tumors using single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and the results obtained validated in publicly available data from 267/347 cases. Gene amplification was detected in 45% of patients, and chromosome 7p11.2 including the EGFR gene, was the most frequently amplified chromosomal region – either alone (18%) or in combination with amplification of DNA sequences in other chromosomal regions (10% of cases). Other frequently amplified DNA sequences included regions in chromosomes 12q(10%), 4q12(7%) and 1q32.1(4%). Based on their gene amplification profiles, glioblastomas were subdivided into: i) tumors with no gene amplification (55%); ii) tumors with chromosome 7p/EGFR gene amplification (with or without amplification of other chromosomal regions) (38%); and iii) glioblastoma multiforme with a single (11%) or multiple (6%) amplified DNA sequences in chromosomal regions other than chromosome 7p. From the prognostic point of view, these amplification profiles showed a significant impact on overall survival of glioblastoma multiforme patients (p>0.001). Based on these gene amplification profiles, a risk-stratification scoring system was built for prognostic stratification of glioblastoma which might be easily implemented in routine diagnostics, and potentially contribute to improved patient management.

Published
2018

49. Implementación de técnicas de bajo consumo en WBSN

Author

Martín Otero, Álvaro, Ayala Rodrigo, José Luis, and Pagán Ortiz, Josué

Subjects
Informática médica y telemedicina
Abstract

El Internet de las cosas es un paradigma que está revolucionando la manera de interactuar entre las personas y los objetos, dando lugar al manejo de grandes cantidades de información que hay que procesar y que implican un aumento consumo energético en los sistemas y redes de computación que antes no existía, además del impacto ambiental asociado. Esta revolución está afectando a diversos campos, como el de la salud, dando lugar al eHealth. Gracias al eHealth se puede realizar una monitorización continua mediante una red de sensores corporales a enfermos crónicos para realizar una predicción de las crisis sintomáticas. Este estudio se centra en concreto en la migraña, una enfermedad neurológica que afecta entorno al 15 % de la población europea, y cuyo tratamiento da lugar a elevados costes para la administración pública y entidades sanitarias. La predicción de crisis de migraña requiere de una monitorización ambulatoria continua, que genera grandes cantidades de datos que deben ser enviados a un centro de procesado de datos. El dispositivo mediante el cual se recogen estos datos dispone de batería, por tanto es de importante reducir su consumo para aumentar su autonomía. Este estudio se centrará en el análisis de métodos de compresión basados en la transformada de Wavelet, la transformada de Fourier y Compressed Senssing aplicados a las señales biomédicas que requieren de una alta tasa de muestreo (electrocardiograma y fotopletismografía). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que se reducirán hasta un 93 % el volumen de datos a enviar y así conseguir una mayor vida útil de las baterías.

Published
2017

50. Estudio sobre la influencia del diámetro de apertura en la fuerza ejercida por cada dedo

Author

Valencia-Otero, Álvaro F., Maradei-Garcia, Maria F., and Espinel-Correal, Francisco

Subjects
dedos, fuerza de la mano, Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano, factores de riesgo, hand strength, risk factors, fingers, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, DeCS, BIREME) [(fuente], Mesh, NLM). [(source]
Abstract

RESUMEN Objetivo Estudiar el efecto de mantener un mismo diámetro de apertura en los dedos sobre la fuerza actuante de éstos en un agarre de fuerza. Métodos Se condujo un experimento con 30 participantes (15 hombres y 15 mujeres) quienes realizaron el gesto de aprehensión en un dispositivo diseñado para mantener constante la apertura para todos los dedos en 4 diámetros diferentes. Resultados Se muestra evidencia que en un rango de accionamiento entre 0-75% de la apertura funcional, los dedos índice, corazón y anular ejercen una fuerza significativamente igual si el diámetro de apertura se mantiene constante. Conclusiones Este hallazgo permitiría reducir la exposición de los operarios de herramientas de corte a factores de riesgo de síndrome del conducto carpiano (SCC). Se sugiere que en el diseño de herramientas, la distancia de apertura para todos los dedos debe mantenerse constante durante el gesto de aprehensión. ABSTRACT Objective To study the effect of maintaining the same grip span between the thumb and exerting fingers, on the acting force of these in a power grip. Methods We conducted an experiment with 30 participants (15 men and 15 women) who made the gesture of apprehension in a device designed to maintain constant grip span to all fingers in 4 different diameters. Results In the range between 0-75 percent of functional grip span of the fingers, the index, middle and ring finger exert a force significantly equal when the aperture diameter is maintained constant. Conclusions These findings would reduce exposure to risk factors for carpal canal syndrome (CTS) in cutting activities, by controlling risk factors like strength. We suggest that on the design of tools, the opening distance for all the fingers must remain constant during the act of apprehension.

Published
2016

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