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4. Level of Serum IgE during Atopy With and Without Intestinal Parasitic Infections in the University Of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Desalegn, Kassahun, Nishikawa, Takeshi, Kassu, Afework, Mulu, Andargachew, Yismaw, Gizachew, Belyhun, Yeshambel, Yifru, Sisay, and Ota, Fusao

Subjects
parasitic diseases
Abstract

Background: Recent studies have showen that controversial associations of chronic helminthic infections with allergic diseases as having protective and predictive roles. Lots of conflicts in answering such questions have continually arisen in recent years. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, atopy and serum IgE level. Methods: A total of 225 patients were randomly selected from the Dermatology Outpatient Department at the University of Gondar Hospital, Ethiopia, from January - March 2006. A modified questionnaire of international study of asthma and allergies in children (ISSAC) was used to assess atopy, and skin scratch tests were done for common allergens. Stool specimen was collected and examined by the formol-ether concentration sedimentation technique. The serum IgE levels were quantified by total IgE ELISA kit. Simple descriptive statistics were used to explain the findings. Results: The prevalence of atopy was 40.9% (95% CI = 35.9% - 46.7%). The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 36.9% (95% CI = 29.8% - 44.4%). Lower prevalence of atopy was observed in individuals infected with any parasite, A. lumbricoides, S. stercoralis, Hookworm, and S. mansoni. The mean serum IgE level for positive prick test, self-reported atopy, and atopy was 2893 IU/ml, 2909 IU/ml, and 2914 IU/ml, respectively. The mean serum IgE level was 2785 IU/ml, 2714 IU/ml, 1613 IU/ml, 4020 IU/ml, 4415 IU/ml, and 4627 IU/ml for any parasites, A. lumbricoids, hookworm, S. stercoralis, S. mansoni, and E. histolytica, respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a high prevalence of atopy and intestinal parasitosis. Atopy was inversely related to A. lumbricoides, S. stercoralis, Hookworm, S. mansoni, and E. histolytica infections. Both atopy and intestinal parasites caused higher mean serum IgE which was seen in all study participants with self-reported atopy and in skin scratch test positive study participants. A. lumbricoides, S. stercoralis, Hookworm, S. mansoni, and E. histolytica caused a higher mean serum IgE than the control study participants. The increased serum IgE level showed in G.lamblia, H. nana, and E. vermicularis infections without affecting the occurrence of atopy needs further study., Ethiopian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 3 No. I (2010): ETHIOPIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Published
2021
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7. Additional file 1 of Bacteriological and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from tuberculous lesions collected among slaughtered cattle, Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Ejo, Mebrat, Haile, Belete, Tariku, Tsegaye, Nigatu, Seleshe, Kebede, Elias, Bitew, Abebe Belete, Demessie, Yitayew, Getaneh, Gashaw, Alebie, Atnaf, Girma, Musse, Ota, Fusao, and Nuru, Anwar

Subjects
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract

Additional file 1: Supplement Figure 1. The Hain Genotype LPA result from 18 culture-positive isolates obtained from LJ culture.

Published
2021
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13. Nutritional status, intestinal parasite infection and allergy among school children in Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Amare Bemnet, Ali Jemal, Moges Beyene, Yismaw Gizachew, Belyhun Yeshambel, Gebretsadik Simon, Woldeyohannes Desalegn, Tafess Ketema, Abate Ebba, Endris Mengistu, Tegabu Desalegn, Mulu Andargachew, Ota Fusao, Fantahun Bereket, and Kassu Afework

Subjects
Nutritional status, Parasite infection, Allergy, Ethiopia, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Background Parasitic infections have been shown to have deleterious effects on host nutritional status. In addition, although helmintic infection can modulate the host inflammatory response directed against the parasite, a causal association between helminths and allergy remains uncertain. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status, parasite infection and prevalence of allergy among school children. Methods A cross sectional study was performed involving school children in two elementary schools in Gondar, Ethiopia. Nutritional status of these children was determined using anthropometric parameters (weight-for-age, height-for-age and BMI-for-age). Epi-Info software was used to calculate z-scores. Stool samples were examined using standard parasitological procedures. The serum IgE levels were quantified by total IgE ELISA kit following the manufacturer’s instruction. Result A total of 405 children (with mean age of 12.09.1 ± 2.54 years) completed a self-administered allergy questionnaire and provided stool samples for analysis. Overall prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness/wasting was 15.1%, 25.2%, 8.9%, respectively. Of the total, 22.7% were found to be positive for intestinal parasites. The most prevalent intestinal parasite detected was Ascaris lumbricoides (31/405, 7.6%). There was no statistically significant association between prevalence of malnutrition and the prevalence of parasitic infections. Median total serum IgE level was 344 IU/ml (IQR 117–2076, n = 80) and 610 IU/ml (143–1833, n = 20), respectively, in children without and with intestinal parasite infection (Z = −0.198, P > 0.8). The prevalence of self reported allergy among the subset was 8%. IgE concentration was not associated either with the presence of parasitic infection or history of allergy. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition, intestinal parasitism and allergy was not negligible in this population. In addition, there was no significant association between the prevalence of allergy and their nutritional status, and parasite infection. Further research prospective observational and intervention studies are required to address the question of causality between nutritional factors, parasites, and allergy.

Published
2013
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15. Micronutrient levels and nutritional status of school children living in Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Amare Bemnet, Moges Beyene, Fantahun Bereket, Tafess Ketema, Woldeyohannes Desalegn, Yismaw Gizachew, Ayane Tilahun, Yabutani Tomoki, Mulu Andargachew, Ota Fusao, and Kassu Afework

Subjects
School children, Nutritional status, Micronutrients, Gondar, Ethiopia, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Background Several micronutrients are essential for adequate growth of children. However, little information is available on multiple micronutrient status of school children in Ethiopia. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between multiple micronutrient levels and nutritional status among school children. Method In this cross-sectional study, anthropometric data, blood and stool samples were collected from 100 children at Meseret Elementary School in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Serum concentration of magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, selenium and molybdenum were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Anthropometric indices of weight-for-age, height-for-age and BMI-for-age were used to estimate the children's nutritional status. Stool samples were examined by standard microscopic methods for intestinal parasites. Results The prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting and intestinal parasitoses among school children was 23%, 21%, 11% and18%, respectively. The mean serum levels of magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, selenium and molybdenum were 2.42±0.32 (mg/dl), 15.31±2.14 (mg/dl), 328.19±148.91 (μg/dl), 191.30±50.17 (μg/dl), 86.40±42.40 (μg/dl), 6.32±2.59 (μg/dl), and 0.23±0.15 (μg/dl), respectively. Selenium deficiency, zinc deficiency and magnesium deficiency occurred in 62%, 47%, and 2% of the school children, respectively. Height-for-age showed significant positive correlation with the levels of copper and molybdenum (p = 0.01) and with the levels of magnesium (p = 0.05). Conclusion Deficiencies of selenium and zinc were high among the school children although the deficiencies were not significantly related with their nutritional status. The prevalence of both malnutrition and intestinal parasitism was not negligible. These calls for the need to undertake multicentre studies in various parts of the country to substantiate the data obtained in the present study so that appropriate and beneficial strategies for micronutrient supplementation and interventions on nutritional deficiencies can be planned.

Published
2012
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16. Vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy of HIV infected and non-infected women in tropical settings of Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Bekele Assegedech, Van Nhien Nguyen, Nakamori Masayo, Yitayaw Gashaw, Tegene Birhanemeskel, Huruy Kahsay, Kassu Afework, Mulu Andargachew, Wondimhun Yared, Yamamoto Shigeru, and Ota Fusao

Subjects
Vitamin A deficiencies, pregnancy, HIV infection, Ethiopia, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is known to be a major public health problem among women of reproductive age in South East Asia and Africa. In Ethiopia, there are no studies conducted on serum vitamin A status of HIV-infected pregnant women. Therefore, the present study was aimed at determining the level of serum vitamin A and VAD among pregnant women with and without HIV infection in tropical settings of Northwest Ethiopia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from 423 pregnant women and from 55 healthy volunteers who visited the University of Gondar Hospital. Serum concentration of vitamin A was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Results After controlling for total serum protein, albumin and demographic variables, the mean ± SD serum vitamin A in HIV seropositive pregnant women (0.96 ± 0.42 μmol/L) was significantly lower than that in pregnant women without HIV infection (1.10 ± 0.45 μmol/L, P < 0.05). Likewise, the level of serum vitamin A in HIV seropositive non-pregnant women (0.74 ± 0.39) was significantly lower than that in HIV negative non-pregnant women (1.18 ± 0.59 μmol/L, P < 0.004). VAD (serum retinol < 0.7 μmol/L) was observed in 18.4% and 17.7% of HIV infected and uninfected pregnant women, respectively. Forty six percent of non-pregnant women with HIV infection had VAD while only 28% controls were deficient for vitamin A (P = 0.002). Conclusion The present study shows that VAD is a major public health problem among pregnant women in the tropical settings of Northwest Ethiopia. Considering the possible implications of VAD during pregnancy, we recommend multivitamin (which has a lower level of vitamin A) supplementation in the care and management of pregnant women with or without HIV infection.

Published
2011
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17. Levels of serum HIV-1 RNA viral load in tuberculosis patients with or without intestinal parasites during treatment of tuberculosis in Gondar, Ethiopia

Author

Afework Kassu, Fujino, Masayuki, Nishizawa, Masako, Getahun Mengistu, Ermias Diro, Belete Ayele, Dereje Ketema, Feleke Moges, Andargachew Mulu, Gizachew Yismaw, Kahsay Huruy, Abate, Ebba, Assefa Getachew, Moges Tiruneh, Yared Wondmikun, Sugiura, Wataru, and Ota, Fusao

Abstract

Background: HIV-1 RNA viral load is a powerful predictor of risk for disease progression in subjects infected with HIV. However, studies assessing VL in co-infected patients are very scarce. This study was, therefore, aimed at determining VL in tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-1 co-infected patients with or without intestinal parasites and also to assess its variation with treatment. Methods: TB was diagnosed following standard clinical, bacteriological, radiological and histological procedures. HIV serostatus was checked by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. One hundred nineteen TB/HIV-1 co-infected patients were includedas a baseline and 22 were re-examined at the end of intensive phase of anti-TB chemotherapy. Stool samples were examined for intestinal parasites by conventional microscopy and serum viral load was determined using an Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor RTPCR assay. Results: Forty-five (37.8%) patients were found infected with one or more species of intestinal parasites. Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercoralis were the most frequently detected species. The mean (±SD) serum viral load (log10 RNA copies/ ml) of patients at baseline was 4.82 (±0.66) without a significant difference by status of intestinal parasitoses. In patients with follow up treatment the viral load declined from 4.84 (±0.45) to 4.52 (±0.66) at the end of the intensive phase of anti-TB chemotherapy (P=0.07). In five patients who were also treated for intestinal parasites, viral load declined from 5.02 (±0.38) to 4.47 (±0.66) (P, Ethiopian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2008): ETHIOPIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Published
2008
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19. Nutritional factors, parasite infection and allergy in rural and suburban Vietnamese school children

Author

Dao To, Quyen, Irei, Amalia V., Sato, Yuki, Ota, Fusao, Fujimaki, Yasunori, Sakai, Tohru, Kunii, Daisuke, Nguyen, Cong Khan, Yamamoto, Shigeru, Dao To, Quyen, Irei, Amalia V., Sato, Yuki, Ota, Fusao, Fujimaki, Yasunori, Sakai, Tohru, Kunii, Daisuke, Nguyen, Cong Khan, and Yamamoto, Shigeru

Abstract

Urban areas often have more allergy than rural areas. Dietary patterns and parasite infection have been suggested as possible related factors. This study evaluated the prevalence of allergy in school children in one rural and suburban area of Vietnam where parasite infection is common. A total of 195 children aged 9 to 13 years old completed a self-administered allergy questionnaire and provided blood and stool samples for analysis. Nutritional status, dietary intake and parasite infection were determined in all participants. Allergy was more common in girls (10.7% vs. 7.6%), suburban children (11.8% vs. 6.9%), children with weight-for-age (16.7% vs. 6.0%) and height-for-age (14.8% vs. 4.9%) in the10th to75th percentile compared to lt3rd percentile, and in children without trichuriasis compared to light trichuriasis (12.5%vs. 9.3%), although none of these comparisons were statistically significant. Logistic regression adjusted for sex, age and area of residence revealed no association between allergy and nutritional status, food intake or parasite infection. Intake of riboflavin, however, was negatively associated with allergy (OR=0.00,95% CI:0.00-0.65, p=0.038). In conclusion, we were unable to detect any association between allergy and nutritional status, diet, or parasite infection. However, in a population with high undernutrition and parasite infection, the prevalence of allergy was low and the extremely low intake of riboflavin was associated with a higher risk of allergy.

Published
2004

20. Vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy of HIV infected and non-infected women in tropical settings of Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Mulu, Andargachew, primary, Kassu, Afework, additional, Huruy, Kahsay, additional, Tegene, Birhanemeskel, additional, Yitayaw, Gashaw, additional, Nakamori, Masayo, additional, Van Nhien, Nguyen, additional, Bekele, Assegedech, additional, Wondimhun, Yared, additional, Yamamoto, Shigeru, additional, and Ota, Fusao, additional

Published
2011
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24. HIV and intestinal parasites in adult TB patients in a teaching hospital in Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Kassu, Afework, primary, Mengistu, Getahun, additional, Ayele, Belete, additional, Diro, Ermias, additional, Mekonnen, Firew, additional, Ketema, Dereje, additional, Moges, Feleke, additional, Mesfin, Tsehay, additional, Getachew, Assefa, additional, Ergicho, Bahiru, additional, Elias, Daniel, additional, Wondmikun, Yared, additional, Aseffa, Abraham, additional, and Ota, Fusao, additional

Published
2007
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