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2. Strategy games to improve environmental policymaking

Author

Garcia, Claude A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W., Stoudmann, Natasha, Fernbach, Philip, Sloman, Steven A., Peterson, Garry D., Araújo, Miguel B., Bastin, Jean-François, Blaser, Jürgen, Boutinot, Laurence, Crowther, Thomas W., Dessard, Hélène, Dray, Anne, Francisco, Scott, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Feintrenie, Laurène, Hainzelin, Etienne, Kleinschroth, Fritz, Naimi, Babak, Novotny, Ivan P., Oszwald, Johan, Pietsch, Stephan A., Quétier, Fabien, Robinson, Brian E., Sassen, Marieke, Sist, Plinio, Sunderland, Terry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Wilmé, Lucienne, Wilson, Sarah J., Zorondo-Rodríguez, Francisco, and Waeber, Patrick O.

Published
2022
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3. A Bayesian analysis of adaptation of mountain grassland production to global change

Author

Elleaume, Nicolas, Locatelli, Bruno, Oszwald, Johan, Crouzat, Emilie, Lavorel, Sandra, Elleaume, Nicolas, Locatelli, Bruno, Oszwald, Johan, Crouzat, Emilie, and Lavorel, Sandra

Abstract

In mountains, grasslands managed for livestock production sustain local economies, culture and identity. However, their future fodder production is highly uncertain under climate change: While an extended growing season may be beneficial, more frequent and intense summer droughts could also reduce fodder quantity and quality. Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are another major driver of grassland biomass production, but combined effects of future land use transitions and climate change are rarely quantified. We modelled combined climate and LULC scenarios for grassland production of the Maurienne Valley (French Alps) by 2085. We built a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) from long-term grassland production monitoring data complemented with expert knowledge. We assessed the potential of two candidate adaptations, intensification as an incremental solution and silvopastoralism as a transformative solution to compensate combined impacts of two climate scenarios and three land use change scenarios. Total biomass production was far more sensitive to LULC than to climate scenarios. Production losses were largest under the conservation LULC scenario (−28% on average between 2020 and 2085), followed by the tourism development scenario (−7%) and the business-as-usual scenario (+3%). Climate change under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5 altered the seasonality of production by increasing potential production from May to July while decreasing summer regrowth. Synthesis and applications: Changes in LULC are more decisive for global biomass production than climate change. However, under the most extreme climate change scenario (RCP8.5), the seasonal shift in production and increased interannual variability threaten the current grass-based protected designation of origin (PDO) production system. Only the intensification adaptation solution showed significant gains in total biomass production. Still, the silvopastoralism would require less investment compared to the

Published
2024

11. Unsustainable landscapes of deforested Amazonia: An analysis of the relationships among landscapes and the social, economic and environmental profiles of farms at different ages following deforestation

Author

Lavelle, Patrick, Dolédec, Sylvain, de Sartre, Xavier Arnauld, Decaëns, Thibaud, Gond, Valery, Grimaldi, Michel, Oszwald, Johan, Hubert, Bernard, Ramirez, Bertha, Veiga, Iran, de Souza, Simão, de Assis, William Santos, Michelotti, Fernando, Martins, Marlucia, Feijoo, Alexander, Bommel, Pierre, Castañeda, Edna, Chacon, Patricia, Desjardins, Thierry, Dubs, Florence, Gordillo, Erika, Guevara, Edward, Fonte, Steven, del Pilar Hurtado, Maria, Lena, Philippe, Lima, Tamara, Marichal, Raphaël, Mitja, Danielle, Miranda, Izildinha, Otero, Tupac, Praxedes, Catarina, Poccard, René, de Robert, Pascale, Rodriguez, Gamaliel, Sanabria, Catalina, Tselouiko, Stéphanie, Velasquez, Alexander, Velasquez, Elena, and Velasquez, Jaime

Published
2016
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15. Strategy games to improve environmental policymaking

Author

Energy System Analysis, Energy and Resources, Garcia, Claude A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W., Stoudmann, Natasha, Fernbach, Philip, Sloman, Steven A., Peterson, Garry D., Araújo, Miguel B., Bastin, Jean-François, Blaser, Jürgen, Boutinot, Laurence, Crowther, Thomas W., Dessard, Hélène, Dray, Anne, Francisco, Scott, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Feintrenie, Laurène, Hainzelin, Etienne, Kleinschroth, Fritz, Naimi, Babak, Novotny, Ivan P., Oszwald, Johan, Pietsch, Stephan A., Quétier, Fabien, Robinson, Brian E., Sassen, Marieke, Sist, Plinio, Sunderland, Terry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Wilmé, Lucienne, Wilson, Sarah J., Zorondo-Rodríguez, Francisco, Waeber, Patrick O., Energy System Analysis, Energy and Resources, Garcia, Claude A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W., Stoudmann, Natasha, Fernbach, Philip, Sloman, Steven A., Peterson, Garry D., Araújo, Miguel B., Bastin, Jean-François, Blaser, Jürgen, Boutinot, Laurence, Crowther, Thomas W., Dessard, Hélène, Dray, Anne, Francisco, Scott, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Feintrenie, Laurène, Hainzelin, Etienne, Kleinschroth, Fritz, Naimi, Babak, Novotny, Ivan P., Oszwald, Johan, Pietsch, Stephan A., Quétier, Fabien, Robinson, Brian E., Sassen, Marieke, Sist, Plinio, Sunderland, Terry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Wilmé, Lucienne, Wilson, Sarah J., Zorondo-Rodríguez, Francisco, and Waeber, Patrick O.

Published
2022

16. Strategy games to improve environmental policymaking

Author

Garcia, Claude, Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René, Stoudmann, Natasha, Fernbach, Philip, Sloman, Steven A., Peterson, Garry, Araújo, Miguel B., Bastin, Jean-François, Blaser, Jürgen, Boutinot, Laurence, Crowther, Thomas W., Dessard, Hélène, Dray, Anne, Francisco, Scott, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Feintrenie, Laurene, Hainzelin, Etienne, Kleinschroth, Fritz, Naimi, Babak, Novotny, Ivan P., Oszwald, Johan, Pietsch, Stephan, Quétier, Fabien, Robinson, Brian E., Sassen, Marieke, Sist, Plinio, Sunderland, Terry C.H., Vermeulen, Cédric, Wilmé, Lucienne, Wilson, Sarah, Zorondo-Rodriguez, Francisco, Waeber, Patrick O., Garcia, Claude, Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René, Stoudmann, Natasha, Fernbach, Philip, Sloman, Steven A., Peterson, Garry, Araújo, Miguel B., Bastin, Jean-François, Blaser, Jürgen, Boutinot, Laurence, Crowther, Thomas W., Dessard, Hélène, Dray, Anne, Francisco, Scott, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Feintrenie, Laurene, Hainzelin, Etienne, Kleinschroth, Fritz, Naimi, Babak, Novotny, Ivan P., Oszwald, Johan, Pietsch, Stephan, Quétier, Fabien, Robinson, Brian E., Sassen, Marieke, Sist, Plinio, Sunderland, Terry C.H., Vermeulen, Cédric, Wilmé, Lucienne, Wilson, Sarah, Zorondo-Rodriguez, Francisco, and Waeber, Patrick O.

Abstract

While the scientific community documents environmental degradation and develops scenarios to identify the operational margins of system Earth, less attention is given to how decisions are made that steer the system in one direction or the other. We propose to use strategy games for this purpose, increasing the representation of human agency in scenario development and creating spaces for deliberation between different worldviews. Played by the right people, strategy games could help break free from established norms and support more transparent democratic dialogues, responding to the human and social limitations of current decision-making. The question is, who gets to play?

Published
2022

17. Strategy games to improve environmental policymaking

Author

Swiss National Science Foundation, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Fonds Français pour l'Environnement Mondial, García, Claude A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W., Stoudmann, Natasha, Fernbach, Philip, Sloman, Steven A., Peterson, Garry D., Araújo, Miguel B., Bastin, Jean-François, Blasser, Jürgen, Boutinot, Laurence, Crowther, Thomas W., Dessard, Hélène, Dray, Anne, Scott, Francisco, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Feintrenie, Laurène, Hainzelin, Etienne, Kleinschroth, Fritz, Naimi, Babak, Novotny, Ivan P., Oszwald, Johan, Pietsch, Stephan A., Quétier, Fabien, Robinson, Brian E., Sassen, Marieke, Sist, Plinio, Sunderland, Terry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Wilmé, Lucienne, Wilson, Sarah J., Zorondo-Rodríguez, Francisco, Waeber, Patrick O., Swiss National Science Foundation, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Fonds Français pour l'Environnement Mondial, García, Claude A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W., Stoudmann, Natasha, Fernbach, Philip, Sloman, Steven A., Peterson, Garry D., Araújo, Miguel B., Bastin, Jean-François, Blasser, Jürgen, Boutinot, Laurence, Crowther, Thomas W., Dessard, Hélène, Dray, Anne, Scott, Francisco, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Feintrenie, Laurène, Hainzelin, Etienne, Kleinschroth, Fritz, Naimi, Babak, Novotny, Ivan P., Oszwald, Johan, Pietsch, Stephan A., Quétier, Fabien, Robinson, Brian E., Sassen, Marieke, Sist, Plinio, Sunderland, Terry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Wilmé, Lucienne, Wilson, Sarah J., Zorondo-Rodríguez, Francisco, and Waeber, Patrick O.

Abstract

While the scientific community documents environmental degradation and develops scenarios to identify the operational margins of system Earth, less attention is given to how decisions are made that steer the system in one direction or the other. We propose to use strategy games for this purpose, increasing the representation of human agency in scenario development and creating spaces for deliberation between different worldviews. Played by the right people, strategy games could help break free from established norms and support more transparent democratic dialogues, responding to the human and social limitations of current decision-making. The question is, who gets to play?

Published
2022

19. Scientific Committee

Author

Mougenot, Bernard, primary, Lacaze, Bernard, additional, Veroustraete, Frank, additional, Demaze, Moise Tsayem, additional, Oszwald, Johan, additional, Mouillot, Florent, additional, Maille, Eric, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Leon, Jean François, additional, Frejafon, Emeric, additional, De Michele, Marcello, additional, Jappiot, Marielle, additional, Lacroix, Pascal, additional, Allemand, Pascal, additional, Delorme, Arthur, additional, Rouzeau, Olivier, additional, Andreoli, Rémi, additional, Pirard, Eric, additional, Desprats, Jean-François, additional, Froger, Jean Luc, additional, Villeneuve, Nicolas, additional, Dessay, Nadine, additional, Betbeder, Julie, additional, Amsallem, Jennifer, additional, Vignoles, Cécile, additional, Vanwanbeke, Sophie, additional, Baghdadi, Nicolas, additional, and Zribi, Mehrez, additional

Published
2016
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22. Ecosystem services of regulation and support in Amazonian pioneer fronts: searching for landscape drivers

Author

Grimaldi, Michel, Oszwald, Johan, Dolédec, Sylvain, Hurtado, Maria del Pilar, de Souza Miranda, Izildinha, Arnauld de Sartre, Xavier, Assis, William Santos de, Castañeda, Edna, Desjardins, Thierry, Dubs, Florence, Guevara, Edward, Gond, Valery, Lima, Tâmara Thaiz Santana, Marichal, Raphaël, Michelotti, Fernando, Mitja, Danielle, Noronha, Norberto Cornejo, Delgado Oliveira, Mariana Nascimento, Ramirez, Bertha, Rodriguez, Gamaliel, Sarrazin, Max, Silva, Jr., Mário Lopes da, Costa, Luiz Gonzaga Silva, Souza, Simão Lindoso de, Veiga, Iran, Velasquez, Elena, and Lavelle, Patrick

Published
2014
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23. Functional and taxonomic responses of tropical moth communities to deforestation

Author

Correa‐Carmona, Yenny, primary, Rougerie, Rodolphe, additional, Arnal, Pierre, additional, Ballesteros‐Mejia, Liliana, additional, Beck, Jan, additional, Dolédec, Sylvain, additional, Ho, Chris, additional, Kitching, Ian J., additional, Lavelle, Patrick, additional, Le Clec'h, Solen, additional, Lopez‐Vaamonde, Carlos, additional, Martins, Marlúcia B., additional, Murienne, Jérôme, additional, Oszwald, Johan, additional, Ratnasingham, Sujeevan, additional, and Decaëns, Thibaud, additional

Published
2021
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24. Looking beyond forest cover: an analysis of landscape-scale predictors of forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon

Author

Bourgoin, Clément, primary, Betbeder, Julie, additional, Le Roux, Renan, additional, Gond, Valéry, additional, Oszwald, Johan, additional, Arvor, Damien, additional, Baudry, Jacques, additional, Boussard, Hugues, additional, Le Clech, Solen, additional, Mazzei, Lucas, additional, Dessard, Hélène, additional, Läderach, Peter, additional, Reymondin, Louis, additional, and Blanc, Lilian, additional

Published
2021
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25. Before the Next COP: How to Stop Missing our Environmental Policy Targets

Author

Garcia, Claude A., primary, Savilaakso, Sini, additional, Verburg, René W., additional, Stoudmann, Natasha, additional, Fernbach, Philip, additional, Sloman, Steven A., additional, Peterson, Garry D., additional, Araújo, Miguel B., additional, Bastin, Jean-François, additional, Boutinot, Laurence, additional, Dessard, Hélène, additional, Dray, Anne, additional, Francisco, Scott, additional, Ghazoul, Jaboury, additional, Feintrenie, Laurène, additional, Kleinschroth, Fritz, additional, Naimi, Babak, additional, Novotny, Ivan P., additional, Oszwald, Johan, additional, Pietsch, Stephan A., additional, Quétier, Fabien, additional, Robinson, Brian E., additional, Sassen, Marieke, additional, Sist, Plinio, additional, Sunderland, Terry, additional, Vermeulen, Cédric, additional, Wilmé, Lucienne, additional, Wilson, Sarah J., additional, Zorondo Rodríguez, Francisco, additional, and Waeber, Patrick O., additional

Published
2021
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26. Looking beyond forest cover: an analysis of landscape-scale predictors of forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon

Author

Bourgoin, Clément, Betbeder, Julie, Le Roux, Renan, Gond, Valéry, Oszwald, Johan, Arvor, Damien, Baudry, Jacques, Boussard, Hugues, Le Clech, Solen, Mazzei, Lucas, Dessard, Hélène, Läderach, Peter, Reymondin, Louis, Blanc, Lilian, Bourgoin, Clément, Betbeder, Julie, Le Roux, Renan, Gond, Valéry, Oszwald, Johan, Arvor, Damien, Baudry, Jacques, Boussard, Hugues, Le Clech, Solen, Mazzei, Lucas, Dessard, Hélène, Läderach, Peter, Reymondin, Louis, and Blanc, Lilian

Abstract

While forest degradation rates and extent exceed deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, less attention is given to the factors controlling its spatial distribution. No quantified correlation exists between changes of forest structure due to anthropogenic disturbances and dynamics of land use and cover change occurring at broader spatial levels. This study examines the influence of multi-scale landscape structure factors (i.e. spatial composition, configuration and dynamic of land use/cover) on primary forest's aboveground biomass (AGB), spanning from low to highly degraded, in Paragominas municipality (Par ́a state). We used random forest models to identify the most important landscape predictors of degradation and clustering methods to analyze their distribution and interactions. We found that 58% of the variance of AGB could be explained by metrics reflecting land use practices and agricultural dynamics around primary forest patches and that their spatial patterns were not randomly distributed. Forest degradation is mainly driven by fragmentation effects resulting from old deforestation and colonization events linked with cropland expansion (e.g. soybean and maize) coupled with high accessibility to market. To a lesser extent, degradation is driven by recent and ongoing (1985–2015) deforestation and fragmentation in slash-and-burn agricultural areas, characterized by heterogeneous mosaics of pastures and fallow lands combined with high use of fire. Our findings highlight the potential of landscape-level framework and remotely sensed land cover data for a thorough understanding of the distribution of forest degradation across human-modified landscapes. Addressing these spatial determinants by looking at agricultural dynamics beyond forest cover is necessary to improve forest management which has major implications for biodiversity, carbon and other ecosystem services.

Published
2021

28. The Global Forest Transition as a Human Affair

Author

García, Claudia A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René, Gutiérrez, Victoria, Wilson, Sarah J., Krug, Cornelia B., Robinson, Brian E., Moersberger, Hannah, Naimi, Babak, Rhemtulla, Jeanine M., Dessard, Hélène, Gond, Valéry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Trolliet, Franck, Oszwald, Johan, Quétier, Fabien, Pietsch, Stephan, Bastin, Jean-François, Dray, Anne, Araújo, Miguel B., Ghazoul, Jaboury, and Waeber, Patrick O.

Subjects
Agency, Decision making epiphany learning, Polarization, Bounded rationality, Companion modeling, Forest transition, Theory of change, Telecoupling sustainable transformation, Role-playing games
Abstract

Forests across the world stand at a crossroads where climate and land-use changes are shaping their future. Despite demonstrations of political will and global efforts, forest loss, fragmentation, and degradation continue unabated. No clear evidence exists to suggest that these initiatives are working. A key reason for this apparent ineffectiveness could lie in the failure to recognize the agency of all stakeholders involved. Landscapes do not happen. We shape them. Forest transitions are social and behavioral before they are ecological. Decision makers need to integrate better representations of people's agency in their mental models. A possible pathway to overcome this barrier involves eliciting mental models behind policy decisions to allow better representation of human agency, changing perspectives to better understand divergent points of view, and refining strategies through explicit theories of change. Games can help decision makers in all of these tasks. Why are we missing our environmental targets? A key reason might be our failure to recognize the agency of people. Landscapes do not happen. We shape them. Forest transitions are the product of the decisions that humans make. A better representation of agency in the mental models of decision makers can overcome this weakness. Making mental models explicit, changing vantage points, and refining strategies could achieve better results than trying to define common visions. Games can help in all of these tasks.

Published
2020

29. The Global Forest Transition as a Human Affair

Author

Garcia, Claude A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W., Gutierrez, Victoria, Wilson, Sarah J., Krug, Cornelia B., Sassen, Marieke, Robinson, Brian E., Moersberger, Hannah, Naimi, Babak, Rhemtulla, Jeanine M., Dessard, Hélène, Gond, Valéry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Trolliet, Franck, Oszwald, Johan, Quétier, Fabien, Pietsch, Stephan A., Bastin, Jean-François, Dray, Anne, Araújo, Miguel B., Ghazoul, Jaboury, Waeber, Patrick O., Garcia, Claude A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W., Gutierrez, Victoria, Wilson, Sarah J., Krug, Cornelia B., Sassen, Marieke, Robinson, Brian E., Moersberger, Hannah, Naimi, Babak, Rhemtulla, Jeanine M., Dessard, Hélène, Gond, Valéry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Trolliet, Franck, Oszwald, Johan, Quétier, Fabien, Pietsch, Stephan A., Bastin, Jean-François, Dray, Anne, Araújo, Miguel B., Ghazoul, Jaboury, and Waeber, Patrick O.

Abstract

Forests across the world stand at a crossroads where climate and land-use changes are shaping their future. Despite demonstrations of political will and global efforts, forest loss, fragmentation, and degradation continue unabated. No clear evidence exists to suggest that these initiatives are working. A key reason for this apparent ineffectiveness could lie in the failure to recognize the agency of all stakeholders involved. Landscapes do not happen. We shape them. Forest transitions are social and behavioral before they are ecological. Decision makers need to integrate better representations of people?s agency in their mental models. A possible pathway to overcome this barrier involves eliciting mental models behind policy decisions to allow better representation of human agency, changing perspectives to better understand divergent points of view, and refining strategies through explicit theories of change. Games can help decision makers in all of these tasks.

Published
2020

30. Land use and land cover dynamics analysis of the Togodo protected area and its surrounding in Southeastern Togo, West Africa

Author

Akodewou, Amah, Oszwald, Johan, Saïdi, Slim, Gazull, Laurent, Akpavi, Sêmihinva, Akpagana, Koffi, Gond, Valéry, Akodewou, Amah, Oszwald, Johan, Saïdi, Slim, Gazull, Laurent, Akpavi, Sêmihinva, Akpagana, Koffi, and Gond, Valéry

Abstract

Assessing land use and land cover (LULC) change is essential for the sustainable management of natural resources, biodiversity conservation, monitoring food security, and research related to climate change and ecology. With increasingly rapid changes in LULC in response to human population growth, a better assessment of land use changes is more necessary than ever. Although a multitude of LULC assessment methods exists, none alone provides a clear understanding of changes and their underlying factors. This study analysed historical LULC changes over a temporal extent of 42 years (1974–2016) in the Togodo Protected Area and its surroundings, in Togo, by associating intensity and trajectory analyses, that are complementary but rarely associated in the literature. Our results show that LULC change in our study site is linked to the combined effects of human activities, climate, and invasive plants, particularly Chromolaena odorata. While each type of analysis provides useful insights, neither intensity nor trajectory analysis alone provides a full picture of changes and their causes. This study highlights the usefulness of associating intensity and trajectory analyses when implementing any management policy.

Published
2020

31. The Global Forest Transition as a Human Affair

Author

Energy System Analysis, Energy and Resources, Garcia, Claude A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W., Gutierrez, Victoria, Wilson, Sarah J., Krug, Cornelia B., Sassen, Marieke, Robinson, Brian E., Moersberger, Hannah, Naimi, Babak, Rhemtulla, Jeanine M., Dessard, Hélène, Gond, Valéry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Trolliet, Franck, Oszwald, Johan, Quétier, Fabien, Pietsch, Stephan A., Bastin, Jean-François, Dray, Anne, Araújo, Miguel B., Ghazoul, Jaboury, Waeber, Patrick O., Energy System Analysis, Energy and Resources, Garcia, Claude A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W., Gutierrez, Victoria, Wilson, Sarah J., Krug, Cornelia B., Sassen, Marieke, Robinson, Brian E., Moersberger, Hannah, Naimi, Babak, Rhemtulla, Jeanine M., Dessard, Hélène, Gond, Valéry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Trolliet, Franck, Oszwald, Johan, Quétier, Fabien, Pietsch, Stephan A., Bastin, Jean-François, Dray, Anne, Araújo, Miguel B., Ghazoul, Jaboury, and Waeber, Patrick O.

Published
2020

32. The global forest transition as a human affair

Author

Garcia, Claude A, Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W, Gutierrez, Victoria, Wilson, Sarah J, Krug, Cornelia B; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2470-1229, Sassen, Marieke, Robinson, Brian E, Moersberger, Hannah, Naimi, Babak, Rhemtulla, Jeanine M, Dessard, Hélène, Gond, Valéry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Trolliet, Franck, Oszwald, Johan, Quétier, Fabien, Pietsch, Stephan A, Bastin, Jean-François, Dray, Anne, Araújo, Miguel B, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Waeber, Patrick O, Garcia, Claude A, Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W, Gutierrez, Victoria, Wilson, Sarah J, Krug, Cornelia B; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2470-1229, Sassen, Marieke, Robinson, Brian E, Moersberger, Hannah, Naimi, Babak, Rhemtulla, Jeanine M, Dessard, Hélène, Gond, Valéry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Trolliet, Franck, Oszwald, Johan, Quétier, Fabien, Pietsch, Stephan A, Bastin, Jean-François, Dray, Anne, Araújo, Miguel B, Ghazoul, Jaboury, and Waeber, Patrick O

Abstract

Forests across the world stand at a crossroads where climate and land-use changes are shaping their future. Despite demonstrations of political will and global efforts, forest loss, fragmentation, and degradation continue unabated. No clear evidence exists to suggest that these initiatives are working. A key reason for this apparent ineffectiveness could lie in the failure to recognize the agency of all stakeholders involved. Landscapes do not happen. We shape them. Forest transitions are social and behavioral before they are ecological. Decision makers need to integrate better representations of people’s agency in their mental models. A possible pathway to overcome this barrier involves eliciting mental models behind policy decisions to allow better representation of human agency, changing perspectives to better understand divergent points of view, and refining strategies through explicit theories of change. Games can help decision makers in all of these tasks.

Published
2020

33. To Bend the Curve of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Place Agency Centre Stage

Author

Garcia, Claude, primary, Savilaakso, Sini, additional, Sassen, Marieke, additional, Stoudmann, Natasha, additional, Verburg, René W., additional, Quétier, Fabien, additional, Araújo, Miguel B., additional, Bastin, Jean-François, additional, Boutinot, Laurence, additional, Dessard, Hélène, additional, Dray, Anne, additional, Fernbach, Philip, additional, Francisco, Scott, additional, Ghazoul, Jaboury, additional, Feintrenie, Laurène, additional, Naimi, Babak, additional, Oszwald, Johan, additional, Pietsch, Stephan A., additional, Robinson, Brian E., additional, Sist, Plinio, additional, Sloman, Steven A., additional, Sunderland, Terry, additional, Vermeulen, Cédric, additional, Wilmé, Lucienne, additional, Wilson, Sarah J., additional, and Waeber, Patrick O., additional

Published
2020
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34. UAV-based canopy textures assess changes in forest structure from long-term degradation

Author

Bourgoin, Clément, primary, Betbeder, Julie, additional, Couteron, Pierre, additional, Blanc, Lilian, additional, Dessard, Hélène, additional, Oszwald, Johan, additional, Le Roux, Renan, additional, Cornu, Guillaume, additional, Reymondin, Louis, additional, Mazzei, Lucas, additional, Sist, Plinio, additional, Läderach, Peter, additional, and Gond, Valéry, additional

Published
2020
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37. The Global Forest Transition as a Human Affair

Author

Garcia, Claude A., primary, Savilaakso, Sini, additional, Verburg, René W., additional, Gutierrez, Victoria, additional, Wilson, Sarah J., additional, Krug, Cornelia B., additional, Sassen, Marieke, additional, Robinson, Brian E., additional, Moersberger, Hannah, additional, Naimi, Babak, additional, Rhemtulla, Jeanine M., additional, Dessard, Hélène, additional, Gond, Valéry, additional, Vermeulen, Cédric, additional, Trolliet, Franck, additional, Oszwald, Johan, additional, Quétier, Fabien, additional, Pietsch, Stephan A., additional, Bastin, Jean-François, additional, Dray, Anne, additional, Araújo, Miguel B., additional, Ghazoul, Jaboury, additional, and Waeber, Patrick O., additional

Published
2020
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38. A history of the rehabilitation of mangroves and an assessment of their diversity and structure using Landsat annual composites (1987–2019) and transect plot inventories

Author

Pimple, Uday, primary, Simonetti, Dario, additional, Hinks, Isabella, additional, Oszwald, Johan, additional, Berger, Uta, additional, Pungkul, Sukan, additional, Leadprathom, Kumron, additional, Pravinvongvuthi, Tamanai, additional, Maprasoap, Pasin, additional, and Gond, Valery, additional

Published
2020
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39. The Global Forest Transition is a Human Affair

Author

Garcia, Claude A., primary, Savilaakso, Sini, additional, Verburg, René W., additional, Gutierrez, Victoria, additional, Wilson, Sarah Jane, additional, Krug, Cornelia B., additional, Sassen, Marieke, additional, Robinson, Brian E., additional, Moersberger, Hannah, additional, Naimi, Babak, additional, Rhemtulla, Jeanine M., additional, Dessard, Hélène, additional, Gond, Valéry, additional, Vermeulen, Cédric, additional, Trolliet, Franck, additional, Oszwald, Johan, additional, Quétier, Fabien, additional, Pietsch, Stephan A, additional, Bastin, Jean-Francois, additional, Dray, Anne, additional, Ghazoul, Jaboury, additional, and Waeber, Patrick O., additional

Published
2020
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40. Conservation value of tropical forests: Distance to human settlements matters more than management in Central Africa

Author

Lhoest, Simon, primary, Fonteyn, Davy, additional, Daïnou, Kasso, additional, Delbeke, Laetitia, additional, Doucet, Jean-Louis, additional, Dufrêne, Marc, additional, Josso, Jean-François, additional, Ligot, Gauthier, additional, Oszwald, Johan, additional, Rivault, Erwan, additional, Verheggen, François, additional, Vermeulen, Cédric, additional, Biwolé, Achille, additional, and Fayolle, Adeline, additional

Published
2020
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41. Functional and taxonomic responses of tropical moth communities to deforestation.

Author

Correa‐Carmona, Yenny, Rougerie, Rodolphe, Arnal, Pierre, Ballesteros‐Mejia, Liliana, Beck, Jan, Dolédec, Sylvain, Ho, Chris, Kitching, Ian J., Lavelle, Patrick, Le Clec'h, Solen, Lopez‐Vaamonde, Carlos, Martins, Marlúcia B., Murienne, Jérôme, Oszwald, Johan, Ratnasingham, Sujeevan, and Decaëns, Thibaud

Subjects
DEFORESTATION, INSECT communities, LAND cover, ENVIRONMENTAL indicators, SPHINGIDAE
Abstract

Global insect decline has recently become a cause for major concern, particularly in the tropics where the vast majority of species occurs. Deforestation is suggested as being a major driver of this decline, but how anthropogenic changes in landscape structure affect tropical insect communities has rarely been addressed.We sampled Saturniidae and Sphingidae moths on 27 farms located in Brazilian Amazonia (Pará state) and characterised by different deforestation histories. We used functional traits (forewing length, body mass, wing load, trophic niche breadth and resource use strategy), analysed by combining RLQ and null model analyses, to investigate the responses of their taxonomic and functional diversity to landscape change dynamics and current structure.We found that communities had a higher proportion of large and polyphagous species with low wing load in landscapes with low forest quality and relative cover and high land use turnover. This was mainly due to a significant response to deforestation by saturniids, whereas the more mobile sphingids showed no significant landscape‐related pattern. We also observed an overall increase of species richness and functional dispersion in landscapes that have been deforested for a long time when compared with more recent agricultural settlements.Our results highlight the complex way in which landscape structure and historical dynamics interact to shape Neotropical moth communities and that saturniid moths respond clearly to the structure of the surrounding landscape, confirming their potential use as an indicator group for environmental monitoring programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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42. Espacialização dos serviços ecossistêmicos na escala local em um contexto de desmatamento: que abordagens estatísticas e quais dados?

Author

Clec'h, Solen Le, Oszwald, Johan, Dufour, Simon, Desjardins, Thierry, Jegou, Nicolas, and Grimaldi, Michel

Subjects
lcsh:G, serviços ecossistêmicos, processos físicos, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, modelo estatístico, cartografia, desmatamento, Amazônia brasileira
Abstract

O Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) e os REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) defendem o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens para quantificar e espacializar os serviços ecossistêmicos (SEs). Essas abordagens podem permitir a implementação de práticas e políticas mais adequadas para a gestão ambiental. A cartografia dos SEs aparece como uma das principais ferramentas para a gestão dos espaços com importantes desafios ambientais. O estudo foi feito em três localidades impactadas pela frente de desmatamento da Amazônia brasileira. Dois processos físicos que fornecem SE, a infiltrabilidade da água no solo e o estoque de carbono na vegetação, foram mapeados com uma resolução espacial de 30x30m. Para isso, medições in situ de biomassa vegetal e de velocidade de infiltração da água no solo dentro de 135 pontos in situ e dados de sensoriamento remoto foram correlacionadas com modelos estatísticos. Esses modelos fornecem uma estimativa desses processos para todos os locais e permitem identificar os fatores que os influenciam. As cartografias resultantes facilitam a compreensão da distribuição espacial desses processos e podem servir de base para a cartografia dos trade-offs e sinergias entre os SEs.

Published
2019

43. Dynamique de la déforestation dans la Réserve de biosphère de Yangambi (République démocratique du Congo) : variabilité spatiale et temporelle au cours des 30 dernières années

Author

Kyale Koy, Justin, Wardell, David Andrew, Mikwa, Jean-Fiston, Kabuanga, Joël Masimo, Monga Ngonga, Alphonse Maindo, Oszwald, Johan, Doumenge, Charles, Kyale Koy, Justin, Wardell, David Andrew, Mikwa, Jean-Fiston, Kabuanga, Joël Masimo, Monga Ngonga, Alphonse Maindo, Oszwald, Johan, and Doumenge, Charles

Abstract

D'une superficie de 225 000 ha, la Réserve de biosphère de Yangambi (République démocratique du Congo) est l'une des principales aires protégées menacées par l'anthropisation dans la région. Malgré son appartenance au réseau mondial des réserves de biosphère depuis les années 1970, les connaissances sur les dynamiques d'occupation du sol y sont encore lacunaires. Une démarche fondée sur l'analyse d'images (Landsat TM, ETM+ et OLI) et la réalité du terrain a été mise en oeuvre pour étudier la dynamique d'occupation des sols de la réserve entre 1986 et 2016. Le taux annuel de déforestation est passé de 0,18 % au cours de la période 1986-2003 à 0,38 % en 2003-2016. Durant cette dernière période, la forêt primaire a connu un taux de déforestation plus élevé qu'en forêt secondaire (respectivement 4,5 % et 0,4 %). Quatre zones aux dynamiques socio-environnementales spécifiques ont été identifiées, nécessitant des approches de gestion différentes. Il s'agit notamment de la concession de l'INERA, des zones proches d'axes principaux de circulation, des zones situées sur des axes routiers plus ou moins abandonnés et des zones isolées du coeur de la réserve. Les principales causes de déforestation mentionnées par les habitants sont l'agriculture itinérante sur brûlis (54 % des ménages), l'exploitation artisanale des minerais (17 %) et la fabrication des pirogues (8 %). La pression démographique, sans amélioration du niveau de vie des communautés ou des techniques agricoles, et le développement du réseau routier, favorisant les échanges commerciaux, en sont les causes sous-jacentes. Cette dynamique de déforestation dans une forêt rattachée au réseau mondial des réserves de biosphère entame l'objectif fixé par l'État d'étendre le réseau d'aires protégées à 15 % du territoire national.

Published
2019

44. Problématique des plantes envahissantes au sud du Togo (Afrique de l'Ouest) : apport de l'analyse systémique paysagère et de la télédétection

Author

Akodewou, Amah, Oszwald, Johan, Akpavi, Sêmihinva, Gazull, Laurent, Akpagana, Koffi, Gond, Valéry, Akodewou, Amah, Oszwald, Johan, Akpavi, Sêmihinva, Gazull, Laurent, Akpagana, Koffi, and Gond, Valéry

Abstract

Description du sujet. Les plantes envahissantes constituent une menace majeure pour les habitats naturels, l'agriculture et la santé dans le monde. Les utilisations du sol sont connues comme étant liées aux invasions végétales. Malgré les mutations d'occupation du sol très rapides et particulièrement autour des aires protégées au Togo, la diversité et l'abondance des plantes envahissantes en lien avec les utilisations du sol sont très peu documentées. Cette étude, par une analyse systémique et la télédétection, se propose d'investiguer le lien entre les utilisations du sol et la diversité des plantes envahissantes dominantes dans et autour de l'Aire Protégée Togodo au sud-est du Togo. Objectifs. Cette étude poursuit trois objectifs : réaliser une cartographie de l'occupation du sol de la zone d'étude, recenser les principaux éléments paysagers dans et autour de l'Aire Protégée Togodo et leurs moteurs de changement, et inventorier la diversité des plantes envahissantes dominantes dans ces différents éléments paysagers. Méthode. Une cartographie de l'occupation des sols par approche orientée objet, une typologie des éléments paysagers par une analyse systémique et un inventaire des plantes envahissantes dominantes suivant des transects ont été réalisés. Résultats. Les pratiques agricoles sont les principaux moteurs des utilisations du sol sur le site. Trente espèces de plantes envahissantes ont été recensées. Il ressort que les jachères sont les plus dominées par les plantes envahissantes. Conclusions. L'analyse systémique paysagère et la télédétection constituent des outils opérationnels pour une meilleure compréhension de la problématique des plantes envahissantes dans les écosystèmes anthropisés des savanes et forêts sèches de l'Afrique de l'Ouest.

Published
2019

45. Biodiversity loss along a gradient of deforestation in Amazonian agricultural landscapes

Author

Decaens, Thibaud, Martins, Marlucia, Feijoo, Alex, Oszwald, Johan, Dolédec, Sylvain, Mathieu, Jérôme, Arnauld De Sartre, Xavier, Bonilla, Diego, Brown, George, Cuellar Criollo, Yeimmy Andrea, Dubs, Florence, Furtado, Ivaneide, Gond, Valérie, Gordillo, Erika, Le Clec'H, Solen, Marichal, Raphaël, Mitja, Danielle, de Souza, Izildinha Miranda, Praxedes, Catarina, Rougerie, Rodolphe, Ruiz, Darío, Otero, Joel Tupac, Sanabria, Catalina, Velasquez, Alex, Zararte, Luz Elena M., Lavelle, Patrick, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratorio de Ecologia de Invertebrado, Coordenacao de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira [Colombie] (UTP), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Passages, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Insectos de Colombia, Embrapa Florestas, Universidad de la Amazonia [Caquetá], Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira, International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Intituto Tecnologico del Putumayo, ANR, Brazilian National Council of Research, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caqueta, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux (BSEF) (Cirad-ES-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), Universidade federal rural da Amazonia, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), TSBF_LAC, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Agriculture, Biodiversity, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Forests, Colombia, biodiversityerosion, landscapeintensification, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, threshold, Animals, biodiversityconservation, landscape intensification, biodiversity conservation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, land-use changes, Brazil, biodiversity erosion
Abstract

International audience; Assessing how much management of agricultural landscapes, in addition to protected areas, can offset biodiversity erosion in the tropics is a central issue for conservation that still requires cross-taxonomic and landscape-scale studies. We measured the effects of Amazonia deforestation and subsequent land-use intensification in 6 agricultural areas (landscape scale), where we sampled plants and 4 animal groups (birds, earthworms, fruit flies, and moths). We assessed land-use intensification with a synthetic index based on landscape metrics (total area and relative percentages of land uses, edge density, mean patch density and diversity, and fractal structures at 5 dates from 1990 to 2007). Species richness decreased consistently as agricultural intensification increased despite slight differences in the responses of sampled groups. Globally, in moderately deforested landscapes species richness was relatively stable, and there was a clear threshold in biodiversity loss midway along the intensification gradient, mainly linked to a drop in forest cover and quality. Our results suggest anthropogenic landscapes with high-quality forest covering >40 % of the surfacearea may prevent biodiversity loss in Amazonia.

Published
2018
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46. Landscape as a complex system to study interactions between human beings and environment: coupling local knowledge and remote sensing to highlight landscape structure and dynamics

Author

Demichelis, Christophe, Oszwald, Johan, Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)

Subjects
[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents the conceptual framework, methodology, and initial results of a doctoral research on the landscape dynamics and structure of a forest - savannah mosaic in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The results are based on an original methodology combining local knowledge and remote sensing to provide a multidimensional analysis of the landscape based on land cover, land units and land use.

Published
2018

47. Understanding the past for the future management: Effects of current and historic land Use on invasive plant diversity in Southeastern Togo, West Africa

Author

Amah Akodewou, Oszwald, Johan, Sêmihinva Akpavi, Gazull, Laurent, Sa¨ıdi, Slim Sa¨ıdi, Koffi Akpagana, Gond, Valéry, and Godron, Michel

Abstract

Biological invasions and changes in land use are two components of global change affecting biodiversity worldwide. Both contemporary and historic land use may influence the spread of invasive plants by altering landscape patterns, soils, and biotic communities. Indeed, invasion within land uses is often associated with the historical legacy of changes in land use. Like in most West African regions, Togodo Protected Area (TPA) and its peripheries experienced notable land use change over the past few decades. These changes led to the spread of many invasive plants that threaten the biodiversity of the TPA and are chores for local farmers. How- ever, despite the legacy of current and past land uses on plant invasion success, few studies have investigated the mechanisms triggering invasion credit and, in Togo, plant invasion ecology has not yet gained enough attention. In this study, we investigated the influence of the current and historic land uses on the diversity of invasive plants in and around TPA. Firstly, we defined land use change trajectories using land use maps performed from Landsat images acquired in 1974, 1986, and 2003 and from Sentinel 2 image acquired in 2016. Secondly, we conducted botanic surveys in the different land use types and, 198 quadrats of 50 x 50 m were laid to make an inventory of all plant species.

Published
2018

48. Impacts of Agricultural Practices and Individual Life Characteristics on Ecosystem Services : A Case Study on Family Farmers in the Context of an Amazonian Pioneer Front

Author

Grimaldi Michel, Decaens Thibaud, Oszwald Johan, Arnauld de Sartre Xavier, Dufour Simon, Le Clec’h Solen, Jégou Nicolas, Agricultural Economics and Police Group (AECP), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Passages, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Institut des Amériques, ANR AMAZ, ANR AGES, Agricultural Economics and Police Group ( AECP ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique ( LETG ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Société, environnement, territoire ( SET ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Nord] ), Espaces et Sociétés ( ESO ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Le Mans Université ( UM ) -Université d'Angers ( UA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement ( IGARUN ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Natural resource economics, Multiple ecosystem service, Forest management, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Deforestation, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Sustainable agriculture, Humans, family agriculture, [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Agricultural productivity, multiple ecosystem service, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Farmers, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, business.industry, 1. No poverty, Socioecological systems, Agriculture, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Brazilian Amazon, Pollution, sustainable agriculture, deforestation, Family agriculture, Quality of Life, socioecological systems, business, Brazil
Abstract

International audience; In tropical forests farmers are among the most important agents of deforestation. At the interface between societies and their environment, ecosystem services (ES) is an integrated working framework through which natural and anthropogenic dimensions can be addressed. Here, we aimed to understand to what extent farmers impact ES availability. Based on case studies in three locations in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, we performed statistical analyses at 135 sampling points and 110 farms to link socioeconomic and ES data, both derived from field work. The socioeconomic data characterized agricultural production, sociological characteristics, and quality of life. ES data were obtained from statistical analyses that yielded a multiple ES indicator for each sampling point and farm. Our results produced three main findings: first, the establishment of ES associations is due more to agricultural production characteristics than to sociological and quality-of-life factors. Second, the impact of agricultural production on ES availability depends on the level of total incomes. An increase in incomes causes a decrease in the forest cover that provides many ES and an increase in other areas that provide fewer ES. Finally, our analyses show a very strong site effect that probably expresses the heterogeneity of the biophysical contexts, but also the importance for ES availability of the historical depth of deforestation and/or the role of specific public policies. Finding ways of producing an alternative impact on ES availability and establishing specific ES associations will therefore depend more on changes in the global political context than in individual practices.

Published
2018
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49. Biodiversity loss along a gradient of deforestation in Amazonian landscapes

Author

Decaëns, Thibaud, Martins, Marlucia Bonifacio, Feijoo, Alexander, Oszwald, Johan, Dolédec, Sylvain, Mathieu, Jérôme, De Sartre, Xavier Arnaud, Bonilla, Diego, Brown, George G., Cuellar Criollo, Yeimmy Andrea, Dubs, Florence, Furtado, Ivaneide S., Gond, Valéry, Gordillo, Erika, Le Clec'h, Solen, Marichal, Raphaël, Mitja, Danielle, de Souza, Izildinha Miranda, Praxedes, Catarina, Rougerie, Rodolphe, Ruiz, Dario H., Otero, Joel Tupac, Velasquez, Alexander, Zararte, Luc Elena M., and Lavelle, Patrick

Subjects
Intensification, Utilisation des terres, gestion des ressources naturelles, services écosystémiques, E11 - Économie et politique foncières, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Biodiversité, Paysage agricole
Abstract

Assessing how much management of agricultural landscapes, in addition to protected areas, can offset biodiversity erosion in the tropics is a central issue for conservation that still requires cross‐taxonomic and landscape‐scale studies. We measured the effects of Amazonia deforestation and subsequent land‐use intensification in 6 agricultural areas (landscape scale), where we sampled plants and 4 animal groups (birds, earthworms, fruit flies, and moths). We assessed land‐use intensification with a synthetic index based on landscape metrics (total area and relative percentages of land uses, edge density, mean patch density and diversity, and fractal structures at 5 dates from 1990 to 2007). Species richness decreased consistently as agricultural intensification increased despite slight differences in the responses of sampled groups. Globally, in moderately deforested landscapes species richness was relatively stable, and there was a clear threshold in biodiversity loss midway along the intensification gradient, mainly linked to a drop in forest cover and quality. Our results suggest anthropogenic landscapes with high‐quality forest covering >40 % of the surface area may prevent biodiversity loss in Amazonia.

Published
2018

50. Effects of land use pattern on invasive plant diversity in Guinean savanna ecosystems of Togodo protected area, Togo

Author

Akodewou, Amah, Oszwald, Johan, Akpavi, Sêmihinva, Gazull, Laurent, Akpagana, Koffi, and Gond, Valéry

Abstract

Tropical natural ecosystems host a very diverse flora and fauna and are key ecosystems for global climate and biogeochemical regulation. Unfortunately, in West African landscapes, large areas of savanna and forest have been progressively replaced or fragmented by crops. These dynamics promote the spread of many invasive plants representing on the one hand, a real and growing threat for many conservation areas and on the other hand, a serious problem for agricultural production. Similarly, Togodo Protected Area, a crucial habitat for many vulnerable and endangered species in Togo, is submitted to important threats by human disturbance which promote the establishment and development of invasive plants. The eradication of invasive plants already established over a large area is rarely possible. Thus, understanding and predicting the invasive success of plants is one of the major concerns of the ecology of invasive plants. In order to evaluate the relations between current land use patterns and invasive plant diversity and abundance, first, a typology of landscape elements was defined based on the heterogeneity of the environment (forests, savannas, fallows, oil palm and teak plantations, crops). Then, in each identified landscape element, the dominant plant species have been identified. A total of 133 botanical surveys including: 27 in crops, 41 in fallows, 17 in palm plantations, 13 in teak plantations, 18 in savannas and 17 in forests. As results, 178 dominant plant species including 31 (17.42 %) invasive or potentially invasive were recorded. In terms of diversity, fallows (25 species) and crops (15 species) contain more dominant invasive species, unlike teak plantations and forests dominated by only 4 and 5 species respectively. Among the most common dominant invasive species, Panicum maximum Jacq. and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. dominate all types of landscape elements while other species such as Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen and Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. dominate only one type of landscape element. Our results show that fallows are most susceptible to invasion and Panicum maximum Jacq. and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob are the most invasive species in our site. This is fundamental for predicting the future and for the restoration of these very useful ecosystems for biodiversity as well as for the population of the area.

Published
2018

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