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Lipoabdominoplasty is one of the most frequent abdominal body contouring procedures performed today. It guarantees a safe combination of abdominoplasty and liposuction while minimizing the risk of ischemic flap complications. This is because of the limited undermining performed and the liposuction adjunct, both of which minimize perforator injury. In the last several years, the integration of anatomic definition through the use of liposuction has further refined the procedure, led to improved results, and increased patient satisfaction. The more natural results of the anatomic abdominal definition is a next step in abdominal contour refinement.

Background In the past two decades, lipoabdominoplasty has increased in popularity worldwide, presenting low rates of complications and morbidity when the proper surgical steps are followed. The authors present an update of the lipoabdominoplasty technique with the addition of an abdominal definition and standardized steps for its safe execution, an initial personal experience with the procedure that improves the aesthetic results. Methods Anatomical limits are described for preoperative markings for selective liposuction with abdominal definition. Specific areas of the abdomen are presented to differentiate the areas for an intense or moderate liposuction and the areas for superficial and deep liposuction for anatomical definition. The principles of traditional lipoabdominoplasty are also described and maintained. The initial experiences with 128 patients undergoing the technique are included. Results One hundred twenty-eight patients were operated on by the senior author (O.S.) from 2016 to 2019 using the described technique. One patient presented with a seroma (0.8 percent), and two had a small skin epitheliolysis (1.5 percent). No other major complications were observed. It is the senior author's opinion that the obtained aesthetic results from the lipoabdominoplasty with definition are superior to those of the traditional technique, as it enhances the natural contour of the abdomen. Conclusions Lipoabdominoplasty with anatomical definition has improved the aesthetic results of traditional lipoabdominoplasty without compromising the safety of that technique. More natural results along the abdominal contour that avoid a completely flat abdomen have been observed by most patients. This approach is safe and reproducible, with low complication rates, and it effectively enhances body contour.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the aesthetic results of lipoabdominoplasty in overweight patients (body mass index, 25 to 29.9) compared with normal weight patients (body mass index, 18.5 to 24.9). METHODS The authors performed a retrospective and comparative analysis of late follow-up results after lipoabdominoplasty performed from 2000 to 2009 in two groups of 30 patients, one with a body mass index of 25 to 29.9 and one with a body mass index of 18 to 24.9. Aesthetic results were evaluated using a scale with five objective parameters, developed in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo. There were seven evaluators: three plastic surgeons, three nondoctors, and the surgeon performing the procedure. RESULTS For all evaluators, the postoperative average grade was significantly higher than before surgery for the entire group of patients (n=60) and in each subgroup. The average grades for the normal weight group were consistently significantly higher than for the overweight group, both preoperatively and postoperatively, for all evaluators. However, the mean difference between the preoperative and postoperative grades, which measures the aesthetic improvement provided by the operation, was higher in the overweight group. Postoperatively, the average grade of the surgeon was significantly higher than for all other evaluator groups. CONCLUSIONS The normal weight group showed superior grades, both before and after lipoabdominoplasty, for all evaluators. However, the gain between preoperative and postoperative grades was higher in the overweight patient group, indicating that lipoabdominoplasty was beneficial even in these cases. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.

INTRODUÇÃO: As deformidades estéticas e funcionais do abdome sempre representaram um grande desafio na Cirurgia Plástica. Em busca de soluções para estes problemas, foi desenvolvida a abdominoplastia, que ao longo dos anos vem apresentando modificações e aperfeiçoamentos, buscando melhores resultados estéticos e funcionais, com menores índices de complicações. A lipoabdominoplastia, desenvolvida em 2000 por Saldanha e publicada em 2001, quando esse termo foi utilizado pela primeira vez na literatura mundial, representa uma opção segura para a associação da lipoaspiração à abdominoplastia. A técnica é baseada na preservação dos vasos perfurantes abdominais, ramos das epigástricas profundas superiores e inferiores. MÉTODO: Foi comparada a incidência de complicações nas abdominoplastias clássicas e a lipoabdominoplastias realizadas no período de janeiro de 1979 a 30 de junho de 2010, na Clínica Saldanha, em Santos - SP. DISCUSSÃO: O descolamento seletivo entre as bordas dos músculos reto abdominais, preconizado pela técnica, promove diminuição da área de descolamento do retalho e preserva os vasos perfurantes da parede abdominal, responsáveis por 80% do suprimento sanguíneo da região e, consequentemente, diminui o sangramento e os riscos de hematoma, de isquemia e necrose do retalho. CONCLUSÃO: Associando a abdominoplastia com a lipoaspiração e preconizando um descolamento seletivo com preservação dos vasos perfurantes, é possível obter melhores resultados estéticos favoráveis, além de menor morbidade pós-operatória e redução da taxa de revisões cirúrgicas. INTRODUCTION: The cosmetic and functional deformities of the abdomen always represented a great challenge for plastic surgery. In search of solutions to these problems, we developed the abdominoplasty, which over the years has had modifications and improvements, looking for better cosmetic and functional results, with lower complication rates. Lipoabdominoplasty was developed in 2000 by Saldanha and published in 2001, when that term was first used in the literature, and represents a safe option for the combination of liposuction and abdominoplasty. The technique is based on the preservation of abdominal perforating vessels, branches of the superior and inferior epigastric deep artery. METHODS: We compared the incidence of complications between the classic abdominoplasty and lipoabdominoplasty carried out from January 1979 to June 30, 2010, at Saldanha's Clinic, in Santos - SP. DISCUSSION: The selective displacement between the edges of the rectus abdominis muscles, as advocated by technique, promotes a decrease in the area of detachment of the flap and preserves the abdominal wall perforator vessels account for 80% of the blood supply to the region and, consequently, reduces bleeding and risk of hematoma, and ischemic necrosis of the flap. CONCLUSION: Associating abdominoplasty with liposuction and advocating a selective detachment with preservation of the perforating vessels, it is possible to achieve better cosmetic results and lower postoperative morbidity and reducing the rate of surgical revisions.

The evolution of techniques in abdominal surgery, with low postoperative morbidity and lower complication rates, has always motivated surgeons to search for innovations in plastic surgery [1–16]. Lipoabdominoplasty was developed and patterned as a safe and functional option with which to perform liposuction and abdominoplasty during the same surgical procedure, promoting the benefits of both techniques. This technique generates a better aesthetic result and can be learned quickly because surgeons are accustomed to performing each procedure (liposuction and abdominoplasty) separately. This technique does not involve simply using liposuction while performing abdominoplasty; it has a much wider concept, respecting the complete abdominal anatomy. Traditional undermining is substituted with cannula undermining. As a consequence, the blood supply coming from the abdominal perforating vessels is not stopped.

Article received: May 29, 2014. Article accepted: July 7, 2014. ABSTRACT Introduction: This study analyzed the association between plastic surgery complications and risk factors in the study population, and presents a safety scale for planning plastic surgery procedures. Methods: A case-control study was performed, including patients who underwent procedures at various plastic surgery centers from 2010–2011 and who had some type of postoperative complication. The control group consisted of patients who underwent similar procedures during the same period without complications. Descriptive analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequency and measures of central tendency (mean and median) and dispersion (standard deviation and minimum and maximum value). Associations were analyzed using the chi-squared test of association and univariate and multiple logistic models. In all analyses, statistical significance was defined as p-values

1 Specialist in Plastic Surgery, Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery (BSPS). 2 PhD – President of BSPS 2006-7, Director of DESC, Regent of the Plastic Surgery Service of the Unisanta Division of Plastic Surgery of Unimes. 3 MD – Resident on the Plastic Surgery Service of Unisanta. 4 MD – General Surgery Resident at Santa Casa de Santos. 5 MD – Teaching Preceptor of the Plastic Surgery Service of Unisanta. 6 MD – Resident on the Plastic Surgery Service of Unisanta. ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of Scarpa’s fascia in reducing both skin suture tension and seroma is a subject of great discussion in lipoabdominoplasty. This study evaluates drain flow in lipoabdominoplasty, with and without preservation of Scarpa’s fascia, on postoperative days 1o, 3o, 5o, and 7o. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, and serial study of 24 patients who underwent lipoabdominoplasty; procedures performed by seven different surgeons (residents) were evaluated between August and December 2013. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether Scarpa’s fascia was preserved or removed. Drain flow was evaluated on postoperative days 1o, 3o, 5o, and 7o, and complications were assessed in the two groups. Results: Three patients developed epitheliosis on the umbilical scar, and two were smokers. There was less fluid drainage in Group 1 patients compared to Group 2, and this was less significant on postoperative day 1. One patient in Group 2 developed a seroma (40 ml), which was aspirated with a syringe on postoperative day 10, with no recurrence. Conclusion: Lipoabdominoplasty with Scarpa’s fascia preservation resulted in reduced serosanguinous drainage, both when taken as a whole (182.09ml less for the seven day total), or measured daily.

INTRODUÇÃO: Alterações funcionais e estéticas da parede abdominal, tais como flacidez de pele, lipodistrofia e diástase dos músculos retos abdominais, podem contribuir para a diminuição da autoestima e bem-estar do paciente. A lipoaspiração da parede abdominal durante a abdominoplastia com descolamento amplo tem sido contraindicada devido ao aumento do risco de complicações. A lipoabdominoplastia realiza apenas o descolamento seletivo do retalho ao longo das bordas mediais dos músculos retos abdominais, preservando os vasos perfurantes abdominais, o que permite a realização, com maior segurança, da lipoaspiração concomitantemente com o tempo cirúrgico da abdominoplastia. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o resultado estético da lipoabdominoplastia em pacientes com sobrepeso - Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC entre 25 e 29.9) quando comparadas com pacientes de peso normal (IMC entre 18,5 e 24,9). M?TODO: Foi realizada uma análise comparativa de resultados estéticos após a lipoabdominoplastia em dois grupos de 30 pacientes, um com IMC entre 25 e 29,9 e outro, de controle, com IMC entre 18,5 e 24,9, operadas entre 2000-2009. Para a avaliação dos resultados estéticos, foi utilizada a escala com parâmetros objetivos, desenvolvida pela Disciplina de Cirurgia Plástica da FMUSP, empregada por sete avaliadores independentes - três médicos, três não-médicos e o próprio cirurgião, no pré e pós-operatório. A escala avalia cinco aspectos em fotografia, volume do abdome, contorno lateral, excesso de pele ou flacidez, aspecto do umbigo e estética da cicatriz na parede abdominal. Os dados comparativos foram submetidos a análise estatística, com valor de significância \"p\" de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Tanto no grupo total (n=60) quanto em cada grupo isoladamente, a média das notas do pós-operatório foi significativamente maior que a média das notas do pré, para todos os avaliadores. Da mesma forma, a média das notas do Grupo II (de controle) sempre foi significativamente maior que a do Grupo I (de sobrepeso), tanto no pré como no pós-operatório, para todos os avaliadores, embora a média do ganho obtido - ou a diferença entre as notas do pós e do pré-operatório, que mede a melhora no resultado estético, tenha sido maior no Grupo I (de sobrepeso). Tanto no pré como no pós- operatório, a média das notas dos avaliadores não-médicos foi significativamente maior que a média das notas dos médicos. No pós-operatório, a média da nota na avaliação do cirurgião foi significativamente maior que a média dos avaliadores médicos e que a dos avaliadores não- médicos. O Índice de Correção Intraclasses (ICC) foi elevado e significativo, indicando alto grau de confiabilidade interna entre os profissionais. CONCLUSÃO: Houve diferença significativa na avaliação estética dos resultados da cirurgia do abdome, quando comparados os dois grupos com diferente IMC: o grupo de controle (IMC entre 18,5 e 24,9) apresentou resultado superior na média das notas, tanto no pré como no pós-operatório, para todos os avaliadores. Embora ambos os grupos tenham apresentado significativa melhora na avaliação estética após a lipoabdominoplastia, o ganho de melhora entre o pós e o pré-operatório foi maior no Grupo com IMC entre 25 e 29,9 BACKGROUND: Aesthetic and functional deformities of the abdominal wall, as skin flaccidity, lipodystrophy and diastasis of rectus abdominis muscles may contribute to decreased self-esteem and well-being of the patient. Liposuction of the abdominal wall in traditional abdominoplasty (wide undermining) has been criticized for increasing the risk of complications. The lipoabdominoplasty performs a selective undermining of the flap along the medial borders of the rectus abdominis muscles, preserving the abdominal perforating vessels, thus allows liposuction during the same procedure of abdominoplasty with greater safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aesthetic results of lipoabdominoplasty in overweight patients (Body Mass Index - BMI 25-29.9) as compared to patients with normal weight (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9), operated by the same technique. METHODS: A comparative and retrospective analysis of late follow up results after lipoabdominoplasty between two groups of 30 patients, one with BMI between 25 and 29.9 and a control group with BMI between 18,5 and 24.9, operated from 2000 to 2009. To evaluate the aesthetic results was used a scale with objective parameters developed by the Plastic Surgery Department of São Paulo University, held by seven independent evaluators - three doctors, three no doctors and the surgeon. Five items in photography were evaluated - the abdominal volume, the lateral contour, excess of skin flaccidity, the appearance of the navel and quality of scar in the abdominal wall, both in pre and postoperative period. The data was submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Both in the whole study population (n = 60) as in each group separately, the average score of the postoperative period was significantly higher than the pre, for all evaluators. Likewise, the average score of Group II (control) was always significantly higher than that of Group I (overweight), pre and postoperatively for all evaluators, although the mean difference between the post and pre-operative scores, which measures the improvement in the aesthetic result, was higher in Group I (overweight). Postoperatively, the average score, when assessed by the plastic surgeon was significantly higher than when assessed by other doctor and no doctor evaluators. The average score by non-medical evaluators was significantly higher than the average pointed out by doctors, both in the pre and postoperative period. The Intra Class Correction was high and significant, indicating a high degree of internal reliability between professionals. CONCLUSION: A significant difference was noted in the aesthetic evaluation of the abdomen when compared the two groups with different BMI: the control group (BMI between 18,5 and 24,9) presented superior results in grades in both the pre and post results for all evaluators. Both groups showed significant improvement in aesthetic evaluation after lipoabdominoplasty, but the gain between the pre and the postoperative was higher in the group with BMI between 25 and 29.9

Background: The classic abdominoplasty still provides the best aesthetic results, despite many advances in abdominoplasty techniques. However, this procedure is associated with a relatively high incidence of complications. Objective: A new technique is described that combines lipoplasty with traditional abdominoplasty without undermining of the abdominal flap. Methods: Lipoplasty proceeds from the region above the umbilicus to the flanks and the region below the umbilicus. The skin below the umbilical scar is resected as in classical abdominoplasty, but a thinner fatty layer with its connective tissue, lymphatic vessels, and blood vessels is preserved. Complementary lipoplasty is performed if necessary to remove excess fat. Results: The procedure results in an improved body shape, better accommodation of the abdominal flap, and a more youthful appearance of the abdomen with less scarring and no incidence of “dog ears” or major complications. Conclusions: Lipoabdominoplasty without undermining enhances aesthetic results with fewer complications than traditional abdominal aesthetic surgery. Aesthetic Surg J 2001;21:518-526.)

Our objective is to present a new surgical concept for the aesthetic treatment of the abdominal region using the principles of liposuction associated with the traditional abdominoplasty. Lipoabdominoplasty is different from other techniques because it has the advantages of conserving perforator vessels of the abdominal wall, it preserves suprapubic sensibility, results in better abdominal contouring, has a low rate of complications, and a faster recuperation after surgery. The traditional abdominoplasty has been used for many years with several modifications intending to achieve better aesthetic contouring and to reduce complications. However, each modification solves problems only partially. The authors perform the surgery beginning with wet lipoplasty in superficial and deep fat layers. The skin below the umbilical scar is excised as in classical abdominoplasty. After that, selective and safe undermining of the dermocutaneous flap is done in the middle section of the upper abdomen between the borders of the rectus abdominis muscle, preserving mainly supply vessels of the abdominal wall.

Lesões labiais extensas sempre representaram um desafio para a cirurgia plástica. Não existe técnica ideal para reconstrução labial. Neste artigo são relatados os casos de 2 pacientes que apresentavam grandes defeitos no lábio inferior, acometendo 80% e 60% da superfície dessa estrutura, após traumatismo lacerocontuso e ressecção de tumor epidermoide, respectivamente. Esses pacientes foram submetidos a reconstrução labial pela técnica de Karapandzic¹, descrita em 1974. No primeiro caso, o resultado foi considerado desfavorável, em decorrência da presença de deiscência. No segundo caso, foi obtido bom resultado estético e funcional, sem sofrimento dos retalhos ou hematomas. A técnica de Karapandzic constitui uma opção de fácil execução e reprodutível, apresentando bons resultados estéticos e funcionais. Reconstruction of extensive labral lesions has always been a challenge for plastic surgeons. Thus far, an optimal lip reconstruction technique has not yet been established. This report includes 2 cases of large lower lip defects, affecting 80% and 60% of the surface structure that resulted from laceration/contusion trauma and epidermal tumor resection, respectively. The patients underwent lip reconstruction using the Karapandzic technique, which was first described in 1974. In the first case, the result was considered unfavorable because of dehiscence. In the second case, good functional and aesthetic results were obtained without from the patchwork or bruises. The Karapandzic technique is easy to perform and may be considered a reproducible option for lip reconstruction with good functional and aesthetic results.

BACKGROUND: In lipodystrophies of the anterior abdominal wall, variables such as genetic factors, weight gain, age, and loss of muscle tone, either alone or in combination, determine generalized aesthetic changes or changes localized in the epigastrium, hypogastrium, or both. The aim of this study was to describe the limits, distribution, and dimensions of fat bags in the hypogastrium, as well as their anatomic relationships with the neighboring structures. METHODS: Fifty-seven anatomical specimens were dissected from patients undergoing abdominoplasty, during which the hypogastrium was resected en bloc. Moreover, the anterior abdominal wall was also dissected in 8 cadavers. In all samples, the lamellar layer was resected, keeping the dermis-epidermis, areolar layer, and superficial fascia intact. RESULTS: In all specimens, 2 symmetrical adipose clusters were observed bilaterally in the areolar layer, which were in the shape of a bag and had peculiar coloration. These bags were analyzed in relation to their neighboring tissues: the skin, superficial fascia, and deep fat layer. CONCLUSIONS: The lamellar layer was considered as a structural base of the skin, owing to its thinness. The areolar layer showed accumulations and varying amounts of fat in the various body regions without precise limits, which were particularly observed in dissections of the lower abdominal wall and identified by their elasticity, volume, and coloration.

A síndrome de Poland é descrita como ausência do músculo peitoral maior, associada a deformidade das mãos, como sindactilias variáveis, ausência de falanges médias, fusão dos ossos do carpo ou encurtamento do antebraço. Pode haver variação na extensão do comprometimento torácico, desde o sunken chest, termo utilizado para as depressões torácicas associadas a displasia esquelética em geral, até a ausência das porções anteriores das costelas ou cartilagens costais. Em geral, o complexo areolopapilar é posicionado mais superiormente nos homens e nas mulheres a mama é hipoplásica. É relatado o caso de paciente portadora de síndrome de Poland, com 32 anos de idade, que procurou nosso ambulatório de residentes com o desejo de melhorar a aparência do tórax e da mama. Foi realizada intervenção cirúrgica sete anos antes, com implante de prótese mamária de silicone, no intuito de amenizar a deformidade torácica característica. Após avaliação, optou-se pela troca da prótese. No intraoperatório, observou-se área de reabsorção osteocartilaginosa com cerca de 4 cm de diâmetro, em região de articulação costocondral. Após a cirurgia, a paciente evoluiu conforme o esperado. Foi realizada investigação ampla da deformidade encontrada e a paciente avaliada foi encaminhada ao cirurgião torácico. A reabsorção óssea regional anterior no hemitórax esquerdo pode ser um achado cirúrgico e representar diminuição da proteção cardíaca, tornando necessária maior atenção para os casos de substituição de prótese mamária, com realização de exame de imagem específico, como tomografia computadorizada, com o objetivo de minimizar o risco cirúrgico. Poland's syndrome is described as the absence of the pectoralis major muscle associated with deformities of the hands such as variable syndactylia, absence of the middle phalanx, fusion of the carpal bones, or shortening of the forearm. There may be variations in the extent of the thoracic impairment from the absence of anterior portions of ribs or costal cartilages to "sunken chest," which is generally used to describe thoracic depressions associated with skeletal dysplasia. In general, the areolar-papillary complex is in an upper region in men, and women have hypoplastic breasts. A 32-year-old female patient with Poland's syndrome sought our outpatient service wishing to improve the appearance of her thorax and breasts. She had undergone surgical intervention 7 years earlier with implantation of a silicone breast prosthesis, aiming to minimize the characteristic thoracic deformity. After an assessment, we opted to replace the prosthesis. During the intraoperative period, an area of osteocartilaginous resorption about 4 cm in diameter was observed in a region of costochondral articulation. After the surgery, the patient progressed as expected. Extensive research was carried out on the deformity found, and the patient was referred to a thoracic surgeon. Anterior regional bone resorption in the left hemithorax can be an important surgical finding. It can also represent a decrease in cardiac protection, necessitating greater care in cases of breast prosthesis replacement and the requirement of specific imaging examinations such as CT scans in order to minimize surgical risks.