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The current energy performance requirements extend beyond new buildings, including existing and historic buildings. Improving the thermal performance of buildings is an important factor for energy consumption reduction. Usually, an external insulation system is used in order to enhance thermal performance. This method of insulation is preferred as the safest. For listed buildings, this method of insulation is often not feasible due to legislative constraints. In such cases, internal insulation becomes an alternative, despite the number of risks it poses. New so-called capillary-active materials are currently being developed. This article is focused on the principle of diffusely open and diffusely closed internal insulation systems.

The current use of buildings is facing an unprecedented increase in energy costs, especially in the European Union. The energy costs can be reduced by energy savings and by increased use of renewable energy represented mostly by energy converted from solar radiation. When solar energy is considered to be utilized in buildings, the mismatch between energy availability and energy demand must be solved by energy storage. This paper describes the principles of the use of latent heat thermal energy storage and the possibility of using bio-based phase change materials as heat storage media. Because the latent heat storage media undergo a change of phase during the charging and discharging, proper encapsulation is necessary. The paper presents the main findings of a study focused on the compatibility between coconut oil and selected plastics as materials of encapsulation. The compatibility of selected plastics and Coconut oil was evaluated by laboratory experiment based on the immersion of plastic samples in coconut oil and calculation of change in weight of samples within 17 weeks lasting test. The negligible weight changes were occurred for polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate which proves excellent compatibility with Coconut oil., Tento článek popisuje principy akumulace tepla při změnách skupenství a možnosti využití bio materiálů se změnou skupenství jako látek pro akumulaci latentního tepla. Článek prezentuje hlavní výstupy studie zaměřené na kompatibilitu mezi kokosovým olejem a vybranými plasty jakožto obalovými materiály.

Thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCMs) has attracted a lot of attention in the last several decades. Most PCMs do not change phase at a constant temperature but rather in a certain temperature range. It means that the PCM need to transit through its phase change temperature range to fully change phase from the solid state to the liquid state and vice-versa. The situation, in which the phase transition begins and/or ends within the phase change temperature range (in the mushy zone), is usually called a partial phase transition (or a partial phase change). The partial phase transitions occur quite often in real-life thermal energy storage systems with PCMs; especially when a PCM has a wide phase change temperature range. The behavior of PCMs during the partial phase transitions is poorly understood at the moment, because the experimental techniques used for the characterization of PCMs (such as the differential scanning calorimetry – DSC) are difficult to apply for the study of partial phase transitions. The lack of knowledge in this area influences the accuracy of phase change simulation models. The main goal of the experimental investigations, described in the paper, was to obtain data for the development of a simulation model for partial phase changes. The experimental set up for the investigation of partial phase changes of PCMs has been proposed, assembled, and the pilot measurements have been conducted. The experimental set up consists of two water storage tanks (that can be maintained at different water temperatures), a water-PCM concentric tube type heat exchanger and a data acquisition system. The water flows through the central tube of the heat exchanger while the PCM is located in the annular space of the exchanger. The water storage tanks, maintained at the temperatures within the phase change temperature range of a PCM, allow for the investigations of the heat storage cycles consisting of partial phase changes.

Contemporary research stresses the need to reduce mankind’s environmental impacts and achieve sustainability. One of the keys to this is the construction sector. New buildings have to comply with strict limits regarding resource consumption (energy, water use, etc.). However, they make up only a fraction of the existing building stock. Renovations of existing buildings are therefore essential for the reduction of the environmental impacts in the construction sector. This paper illustrates the situation using a case study of a rural terraced house in a village near Brno, Czech Republic. It compares the life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the original house and its proposed renovation as well as demolition followed by new construction. The LCA covers both the initial embodied environmental impacts (EEIs) and the 60-year operation of the house with several variants of energy sources. The results show that the proposed renovation would reduce overall environmental impacts (OEIs) of the house by up to 90% and the demolition and new construction by up to 93% depending on the selected energy sources. As such, the results confirm the importance of renovations and the installation of environmentally-friendly energy sources for achieving sustainability in the construction sector. They also show the desirability of the replacement of inefficient old buildings by new construction in specific cases

The construction and maintenance of building stock is responsible for approximately 36% of all CO(2)emissions in the European Union. One of the possibilities of how to achieve high energy-efficient and decarbonized building stock is the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in building energy systems that contain efficient energy storage capacity. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are latent heat storage media with a high potential of integration in building structures and technical systems. Their solid-liquid transition is specifically utilized for thermal energy storage in building applications. The typically quite old example is the use of ice that serves as long-term storage of cold. Large pieces of ice cut in winter were stored in heavily insulated spaces and prepared for cooling of food or beverages in summer. In the contemporary use of the principle, the PCMs for building applications and tested in this study must have a melting range close to the desired temperature in the occupied rooms. As the PCMs need to be encapsulated, several types of metal containers have been developed and tested for their thermal conductivity and resistance to mechanical damage, which enhances the performance of these so-called latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems. Long-term compatibility of metals with PCMs depends, i.e., on the elimination of an undesirable interaction between the metal and the specific PCM. Heat storage medium must be reliably sealed in a metal container, especially if the LHTES is integrated into systems where PCM leaks can negatively affect human health (e.g., domestic hot water tanks). The aim of this study is to evaluate the interactions between the selected commercially available organic (Linpar 17 and 1820) and inorganic (Rubitherm SP22 and SP25) PCMs and metals widely used for PCM encapsulation (aluminum, brass, carbon steel, and copper). The evaluation is based on the calculation of the corrosion rate (CR), and the gravimetric method is, Cílem této studie bylo vyhodnotit interakci mezi vybranými komerčně dostupnými organickými materiály se změnou skupenství (Linpar 17 a 1820) a anorganickými materiály se změnou skupenství (Rubitherm SP22 a SP25) PCM a kovy (hliník, mosaz, uhlíková ocel a měď), které se používají jako obalový materiál. Hodnocení je založeno na výpočtu rychlosti koroze (CR). Gravimetrická metoda byla využita ke stanovení změn hmotnosti kovových vzorků.

This study follows existing research and provides experimental evaluation of the suitability of selected PCMs for proposed integration in building structures. Two organic PCMs, two inorganic PCMs and three representative plastics (polypropylene (PP-H), high density polyethylene (PE-HD) and polyvinylchloride (PVC-U)) were selected for compatibility tests., Tato studie navazuje na stávající výzkumy a prezentuje experimentální hodnocení vhodnosti vybraných PCMs pro zabudování ve stavebních konstrukcích. Dva organické PCMs, dva anorganické PCMs a tři zástupci plastů (polypropylén, vysoko hustotní polyetylén a polyvinylchlorid) byly vybrány pro testy kompatibility.

Experiments have been carried out in order to investigate the stabilization of water temperature with a water-PCM heat exchanger. The water-PCM heat exchanger was of a rather simple design. It was a round tube, through which the water flowed, surrounded with an annular layer of PCM. The heat exchanger was divided into one meter long segments (modules) and the water temperature was monitored at the outlet of each of the segments. A paraffin-based PCM with the melting temperature of 42 C was used in the experiments. The experimental set-up consisted of two water reservoirs kept at different temperatures, the water-PCM heat exchanger, PC controlled valves and a data acquisition system. As the first step a response to a step change in the water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchanger was investigated. Subsequently, a series of experiments with a square wave change of temperature at the inlet of the exchanger were carried out. The square wave temperature profile was achieved by periodic switching between the two water reservoirs. Several amplitudes and periods of temperature square wave were used. The results of experiments show that a water-PCM heat exchanger can effectively be used to stabilize the flowing water temperature when the inlet temperature changes are around the melting range of the PCM., Byly provedeny experimenty s cílem prozkoumat možnost stabilizace teploty proudící vody pomocí výměníku voda-materiál se změnou skupenství (PCM). Výměník tepla měl jednoduchou konstrukci, jednalo se o dvě soustředné trubky, kdy vnitřní trubkou proudila voda, a v mezikruží byl umístěn materiál se změnou skupenství. Při experimentech byl použit materiál se změnou skupenství na bázi parafinu.changes are around the melting range of the PCM.

The topic of this project is a comparison between the standards and regulation from Czech Republic and Spain, in order to study how the good fitting out of a residential building can help to improve the life quality of the people. In this project also will be made a reform of an old residential building from Czech Republic to the current standards analyzed in the theoretical part. The objectives that has been contemplated in this project are the followings ones: - Know the standards of the Czech republic and the conditions that have the buildings in this country. - Identify similarities and differences among the standards, through a comparative analysis of the most relevant data. - Reform an old Czech residential building in order to comply the two current standards., Outgoing

Disertační práce se zabývá zejména experimentálním měřením spotřeb energií vybraného energeticky pasivního rodinného domu a teoretickým výzkumem v oblasti energetické náročnosti pomocí počítačových simulací. Výsledky kvazistacionárních i dynamických simulací, s měněnými výpočtovými i reálně naměřenými klimatickými daty, jsou porovnávány s experimentálním měřením. Pomocí dynamického výpočtového modelu, který byl ověřován skutečně naměřenými daty, byl analyzován vztah mezi architektonicko-konstrukčním řešením a energetickou náročností budovy. Byl pozorován vliv vybraných různých provozních režimů na spotřebu tepla na vytápění, chlazení, větrání a přehřívání interiéru. Výsledek vzájemné interakce několika vstupních parametrů dává podklad k optimalizaci celého návrhu., This dissertation thesis primarily focuses on the experimental measurement of energy consumption of a given energy-passive family house as well as theoretical research in the field of energy calculations using computer simulations. The results of quasi-stationary and dynamic simulations, with varying computational and real-time climate data, are compared with experimental measurements. Using the dynamic calculation model, which was validated by actually measured data, the relationship between architectural design and the energy performance of the building was analyzed. The influence of selected different operating modes for heat consumption on heating, cooling, ventilation, and interior overheating is observed. The result of the mutual interaction of several input parameters of variant solutions provides the basis for optimization of the whole design.

V první části bakalářské práce se budu zabývat akumulaci tepla a chladu pomocí materiálů s fázovou změnou a také návrhem PCM akumulačního zásobníku. Cílem mého snažení je navrhnout nejideálnější rozestup trubiček v daném zásobníku, tak aby dosáhnul co největší tepelné kapacity. Simulační experimenty jsem prováděl v programu CalA 4.0. Druhá část je výpočtová, kde se věnuji návrhu vytápění v penzionu. Vytápění řeším pomocí tepelného čerpadla vzduch- voda. Pro ohřev teplé vody jsem navrhl solární kolektory. Poslední a třetí část je projektová, která obsahuje projektovou dokumentaci společně s technickou zprávou., In the first part of the bachelor thesis I will deal with the accumulation of heat and cold using materials with phase change and also the design of a PCM storage tank. The aim of my effort is to design the most ideal spacing of tubes in a given tank, so as to achieve the greatest possible heat capacity. I performed simulation experiments in CalA 4.0. The second part is computational, where I focus on the design of heating in the pension. I solve heating with an air-to-water heat pump. I designed solar collectors for hot water heating. The last and third part is the project, which contains the project documentation together with the technical report.

Objekt SPORT & RELAX CENTRUM je novostavba tvořena nosným ŽB monolitickým skeletem. Výplňové zdivo je tvořeno z pórobetonových tvárnic YTONG. Zateplení je provedeno z desek z minerální vlny. Fasáda je provětrávaná a vytvořena z fasádních vláknocementových desek. Objekt je dvoupodlažní, podsklepený. Základové konstrukce jsou železobetonové monolitické pasy a patky. Schodiště je tříramenné monolitické železobetonové. Objekt je zastřešený plochou jednoplášťovou střechou, nad částí restauračního zařízení je intenzivní zelená střecha a terasa z keramických dlaždic. Objekt bude sloužit pro sportovní a relaxační potřeby veřejnosti města Chotěboř a okolí. V 1NP jsou dva kurty na squash, restaurační zařízení s terasou, v 2NP je fitness a v 1S se nachází wellness centrum (masáže, relaxační koupele, vířivka, odpočinková místnost, 3 druhy sauny- finská, parní a parní solná sauna). Na jižní a východní části pozemku bude zajištěno parkování pro návštěvníky i zaměstnance. Na západní části je vjezd pro zásobování. Na severní části pozemku jsou umístěny 2 kurty na tenis a jedno hřiště na volejbal. Zbytek pozemku bude upraven jednoduchou sadovou úpravou., Object SPORT & RELAX CENTER is a new building made by reinforced concrete monolithical skeleton. Filling masonry is creating with porous concrete blocks YTONG. Thermal insulation is attended by blocks made from mineral wool. Facade is ventilated and made from fibre cemented blocks. Object has two floors and cellar. The foundations are reinforced concreting monolithical stretches and foots. The stairs are three-arm monolithical reinforced concrete. Object is roofed by flat one-housing roof, over restaurant part is intensive green roof and terrace with ceramic tile.Object is supposed to use for sports and relaxation needs for the public of Chotěbor’s city and vicinity. In first floor we can find two courts for squash, restaurant with the terrace, in second floor is fitness center and in 1S we can find wellness center (massages, relaxing baths, whirlpool, relaxing room, 3 kinds of sauna-finland, steam and steam solt sauna). On the east and the south part of the parcel will be providing parking lot for visitors and employees. On the west part of the parcel is enter for supply. On the north are situated 2 courts and a volleyball pitch. The rest of the parcel cover light grass.