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Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess trends in bowel preparation among patients who had elective colectomy between 2012 and 2018. The secondary objective was to assess patient and procedure-related factors predictive of bowel preparation use or lack thereof., Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that bowel preparation before elective colorectal surgery can reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Studies of surgeon practices found 75% to 98% prescribe bowel preparation to their patients, although biases in the study design may lead to overestimation of bowel preparation practice., Methods: Cross-sectional study of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program colectomy procedure targeted dataset. We included patients from 18 to 90 years old who underwent elective colectomy (n = 101,096). The primary outcomes were bowel preparation before elective colectomy, including oral antibiotic only, mechanical only, both oral and mechanical, or none., Results: Twenty percent of patients did not do any bowel preparation before elective colectomy. Almost all covariates were independently associated with any bowel preparation, although some were not clinically relevant. The odds that Black/African American or Hispanic patients had any bowel preparation were lower than that of White patients. Additionally, the odds minimally invasive colectomy patients completed any bowel preparation was 1.46 times that of open surgery patients., Conclusions: This study is the first of its kind to assess trends in bowel preparation using an objective dataset. Our study highlights disparities in bowel preparation. Further studies should focus on delineating the root cause of this disparity, identifying the barriers, and finding solutions., Competing Interests: Disclosure: The authors declare that they have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

The paper deals with the change of copper and cobalt mobility in contaminated soil when activating microbiological processes by introduction of sources of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, metal-resistant microorganisms. When Bacillus cereus BKM 4368 growing in soil fertilized with glucose one can observe a 5-fold increase of cocentration of heavy-metal mobile forms as compared with sterile soil. The use of acetate as a carbon source and Alcaligenes euthrophus CH 34 culture as inoculum will provide a 3-fold decrease of concentration of copper and cobalt mobile forms in the process of microorganisms growth. Contribution of the soil microflora to the process of transformation of heavy metals under the investigated conditions was too low. The results obtained give a possibility to regulate the level of mobile forms of heavy metals in soil by means of choosing the adequate sources of carbon and microbial cultures.