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Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease about to be eliminated as a public health problem. It afflicts rural populations, particularly adults engaged in hunting and fishing activities in endemic homes. Left untreated, the disease is 100% fatal in an array of dormant cachexia. Vertical transmission from mother to child is rare but proven. We report a case of Human African Trypanosomiasis in an 11-year-old girl who has never been to an endemic area and who has no other risk exposure factor apart from the fact she was born from mother who was affected by the disease and treated for 10 years during pregnancy. The diagnosis was made after the analysis of the LCS notifying 144 elements with the presence of numerous trypanosomes. The patient was classified into the second period and treated with NECT for 10 days.

Objective: The prevalence of HIV infection in people aged is of significant importance. We determined the prevalence of HIV infection with patients aged over 50 at the Brazzaville University Hospital and look for its associated factors. Patients and Method: Cases of HIV infection in patients over 50 years admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit of Brazzaville University Hospital were examined under cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study. This survey concerns the period going from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021. Results: There were one hundred and ninety-four patients (8.2% of admissions). Their mean age was 57.40 ± 6.4 years [50-93], they were mostly female (n = 113; 58.2%). The most dominant population was the age group between 50-59 years (n = 136; 70.1%). They were single people (n = 80; 41.2%), without profession (n = 87; 44.8%), with a primary education level (n = 81; 41.8%), hypertensive (n = 27; 13.9%), diabetics (n = 15; 7.7%). HIV infection was discovered during hospitalization (n = 111; 57.2%), for deterioration of the general condition (n = 72; 37.1%), long-term fever (n = 56; 28.9%), chronic cough (n = 40; 20.6%). The patients were at WHO stage 3 (n = 133; 68.6%). The mean CD4 were 188.5 ± 11.7 / mm3 [19-433]. In 172 cases (88.7%), the patients had two sexual partners and did not use a condom (n = 189; 97.4%). The main opportunistic infections were tuberculosis (n = 74; 18.1%) and cerebral toxoplasmosis (n = 48; 24.7%). ART was made with the combination of TDF + FTC + EFV (n = 79; 40.7%). The observation was poor in 33% (n = 64) and unfavourable outcome in 47.4% (n = 92). These were IRIS (n = 5; 2.6%) and death (n = 85; 43.8%), due to anaemic shock (n = 17; 20%), septic shock (n = 8; 9.4%). Marital status (P = 0.04), WHO stage (p = 0.02), and non-compliance treatment (p = 0.0001) could have the link with the death patients. Conclusion: HIV infection in people over 50 years is relatively common at Brazzaville University Hospital, especially among single women. The lethality remains high, unrelated to an opportunistic infection but rather with the notion of non-compliance with treatment and the advanced stage of HIV infection according to the WHO classification. This shows the interest in raising awareness among this population for early detection and the treatment of HIV.

Introduction: Vaginal candidiasis is a fungal disease caused by a yeast type Candida. It affects more than 75% of women during the period of genital activity. Changes in vaginal pH due to various factors lead to the onset of the infection. Objective: Determine the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis in women of childbearing age and look for associated factors or risk for its occurrence. Patients, Materials and Method: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study from July to October 2019. It concerned all patients aged 15 to 49 years, received at the Parasitology-mycology and parasitic immunology laboratory of the University Hospital of Brazzaville for an analysis of the vaginal sample. For each vaginal sample, a direct examination and culture on Sabouraud Chloramphenicol medium with and without Actidione were performed. A questionnaire was completed specifying age, medical and surgical history, symptoms and risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20 using Chi-square test and Student's test and multivariate logistic regression was performed. The test was significant when p Ë‚ 0.05. Results: Among 152 samples analyzed, 88 were positive on direct examination (48.7%) and 34 were positive after culture (22.4%). It concerned patients of mean age 32 years (24 years, 40 years), living with one sexual partner (79.4%), never had abortions (64.7%). We found the use of antibiotics (2.9%), corticosteroid therapy (5.9%) and diabetes (6.6%). Among the women included in the study, 32.4% were pregnant. 38.2% of patients used intimate bath and 14.7% used community bath towels; 23.5% wore synthetic underwear; 26.5% of tight clothing and 26.4% had wrong cleaning mode after defecation (p = 0.003). Symptoms associated with vaginal candidiasis were significantly leucorrhoea (38.2%; p = 0.000), burning sensation (22.4%; p = 0.003) and vulvar pruritus (35.5%; p = 0.016). The risk factors associated with the occurrence of vaginal candidiasis were the presence of leucorrhoea and the wrong cleaning mode after defecation associating both front to back / back to front. Patients with leucorrhoea had a 4.21 folds higher risk of vaginal candidiasis, while those with wrong cleaning mode front to-back / back-to-front had a 28.97 folds higher risk. Conclusion: Vaginal candidiasis is common in women of childbearing age with poor hygienic conditions. The associated factors identified are those found in the literature, among which, leucorrhoea and cleaning mode combined from front to back / back to front.

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by an obligate intracellular coccidia Toxoplasma gondii, which is transmitted by cats. In pregnant women, it is a concern because of the severe complications to the foetus. The objective of this study is to determine the toxoplasma serologic profile in pregnant women at the Brazzaville University Centre Hospital (CHUB). Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study from September 2015 to March 2016 (6 months) which includes sera from pregnant women received at the Parasitology Mycology laboratory of the CHUB for Toxoplasma serology. Immunoglobulins G and M searches were done by immuno-analysis (Biomerieux, Mini-Vidas technology). The data was analysed by the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The comparisons of proportion is done by the khi 2 test. The level of significance of statistical data were fixed at 5%. Results: The mean age of pregnant women included in our study was 27, 8+/- 6,84 with the extremes ages of 15 and 44 years. Toxoplasma seroprevalence in this study is 47,2% (68/144). The types of immunoglobulins (Ig) retrieved were IgG alone in 45,1% of cases (65/144), IgG associated to IgM in 2,8% of cases (4/144). Serological profiles were: no immunity (52,1%) immunised (41%), recent infection (1,4%) active infection (2,8%) equivocal result (2,8%). Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis which represents a real public health issue in our environment, even when the level of immunised pregnant women seems high.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of tetanus in women of childbearing age and to find out associated factors. Patients and Methods: Prospective study for descriptive and analytical purposes of tetanus cases in women of reproductive age registered in the Infectious Diseases Department at the Brazzaville University Hospital between January 1st, 2018 and July 31st, 2019. Results: Fifty-one cases of patients were collected (4.02% of admissions) with mean age 24.22 ± 10.38 (15-49 years), female students (n=31, 60.78%), single (n=43, 84.3%), low socio-economic status (n=33, 65.35%) and immunodepressed with HIV type 1 (n=10, 19.60%), (n=43, 84.31%). Patients lived in city (n=43, 84.31%). Immunization status was doubtful and absent respectively in 20 cases (39.21%). Patients had an average delay of 94.56 ± 45.38 hours (48-336) for trismus (n=41, 80.4%), other contractures (n=8, 15.7%), and paroxysms (2, 3.9%). Tetanus was generalized at admission (n=49, 96.1%), without complication (n=46, 90.2%). The entryway was integumentary (n=35, 68.6%), intramuscular (n=10, 19.6). The antitetanus serum was administered to all patients (100%) but suboccipital serum in only three patients (5.9%). In thirty patients (58.8%), the trimming of the entryway has not been realized. The Dakar score was ranked 3 in 25 patients (49.0%) and the mean duration of hospitalization was 10.55 ± 6.22 days (range 1-30). The evolution was favorable for thirty four patients (66.7%). The IM (p=0.000) and integumentary (p=0.003) and the Dakar 3 (p=0.000) gateways had a connection to the occurrence of death. Conclusion: The situation of tetanus in women of childbearing age is worrying at the University Hospital of Brazzaville with a high prevalence despite the existence of a vaccine. It is therefore important to prevent this disease by systematizing tetanus vaccination within this target population group.