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1. Clinical and economic aspects of sevelamer therapy in end-stage renal disease patients

Author: Ossareh S
Subjects: Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract: Shahrzad OssarehDepartment of Medicine, Nephrology Section, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAbstract: Phosphate control is still a great challenge in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and in spite of the great improvements in dialysis techniques, achievement of the goals for mineral metabolism control is still far from ideal. Aluminum hydroxide has been largely abandoned due to the high risk of aluminum toxicity, while the use of calcium-based phosphate binders may cause hypercalcemia, overzealous parathyroid suppression, and extraskeletal calcification. Sevelamer hydrochloride has been introduced as an efficient medication for phosphate control, with a lower risk of hypercalcemia and parathyroid suppression. Various clinical trials have compared the risk of vascular calcification between sevelamer and calcium salts with inconsistent results. In spite of these inconsistencies, the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) suggests non-calcium phosphate binders as the preferred phosphate binder in dialysis patients with severe vascular and/or other soft-tissue calcifications and in those with hypercalcemia or parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Published: 2014

2. Frequency and Risk Factors for Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Renal Transplant Patients

Author: Ossareh, S., Naseem, S., Faraji, M.A., Bahrami Asl, M., and Yousefnejad, A.
Published: 2009
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3. Peritoneal Dialysis Use and Practice Patterns: An International Survey Study.

Author: Zhao M.-H., Tesar V., Tungsanga K., Kazancioglu R.T., Yee-Moon Wang A., Yang C.-W., Zemchenkov A., Jager K.J., Caskey F.J., Jindal K.K., Okpechi I.G., Tonelli M., Harris D.C., Johnson D.W., Kerr P.G., Cho Y., Bello A.K., Levin A., Lunney M., Osman M.A., Ye F., Ashuntantang G.E., Bellorin-Font E., Gharbi M.B., Davison S.N., Ghnaimat M., Harden P., Htay H., Jha V., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Klarenbach S., Kovesdy C.P., Luyckx V., Neuen B., O'Donoghue D., Ossareh S., Perl J., Rashid H.U., Rondeau E., See E.J., Saad S., Sola L., Tchokhonelidze I., Zhao M.-H., Tesar V., Tungsanga K., Kazancioglu R.T., Yee-Moon Wang A., Yang C.-W., Zemchenkov A., Jager K.J., Caskey F.J., Jindal K.K., Okpechi I.G., Tonelli M., Harris D.C., Johnson D.W., Kerr P.G., Cho Y., Bello A.K., Levin A., Lunney M., Osman M.A., Ye F., Ashuntantang G.E., Bellorin-Font E., Gharbi M.B., Davison S.N., Ghnaimat M., Harden P., Htay H., Jha V., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Klarenbach S., Kovesdy C.P., Luyckx V., Neuen B., O'Donoghue D., Ossareh S., Perl J., Rashid H.U., Rondeau E., See E.J., Saad S., Sola L., and Tchokhonelidze I.
Abstract: Rationale & Objective: Approximately 11% of people with kidney failure worldwide are treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study examined PD use and practice patterns across the globe. Study Design: A cross-sectional survey. Setting & Participants: Stakeholders including clinicians, policy makers, and patient representatives in 182 countries convened by the International Society of Nephrology between July and September 2018. Outcome(s): PD use, availability, accessibility, affordability, delivery, and reporting of quality outcome measures. Analytical Approach: Descriptive statistics. Result(s): Responses were received from 88% (n = 160) of countries and there were 313 participants (257 nephrologists [82%], 22 non-nephrologist physicians [7%], 6 other health professionals [2%], 17 administrators/policy makers/civil servants [5%], and 11 others [4%]). 85% (n = 156) of countries responded to questions about PD. Median PD use was 38.1 per million population. PD was not available in 30 of the 156 (19%) countries responding to PD-related questions, particularly in countries in Africa (20/41) and low-income countries (15/22). In 69% of countries, PD was the initial dialysis modality for <=10% of patients with newly diagnosed kidney failure. Patients receiving PD were expected to pay 1% to 25% of treatment costs, and higher (>75%) copayments (out-of-pocket expenses incurred by patients) were more common in South Asia and low-income countries. Average exchange volumes were adequate (defined as 3-4 exchanges per day or the equivalent for automated PD) in 72% of countries. PD quality outcome monitoring and reporting were variable. Most countries did not measure patient-reported PD outcomes. Limitation(s): Low responses from policy makers; limited ability to provide more in-depth explanations underpinning outcomes from each country due to lack of granular data; lack of objective data. Conclusion(s): Large inter- and intraregional disparities exist in PD availability, acce
Published: 2021

4. Current status of health systems financing and oversight for end-stage kidney disease care: A cross-sectional global survey.

Author: Yeung E., Bello A.K., Levin A., Lunney M., Osman M.A., Ye F., Ashuntantang G., Bellorin-Font E., Benghanem Gharbi M., Davison S., Ghnaimat M., Harden P., Jha V., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Kerr P., Klarenbach S., Kovesdy C., Luyckx V., Neuen B., O'Donoghue D., Ossareh S., Perl J., Ur Rashid H., Rondeau E., See E., Saad S., Sola L., Tchokhonelidze I., Tesar V., Tungsanga K., Turan Kazancioglu R., Wang A.Y.-M., Wiebe N., Yang C.-W., Zemchenkov A., Zhao M., Jager K.J., Caskey F., Perkovic V., Jindal K., Okpechi I.G., Tonelli M., Feehally J., Harris D.C.H., Johnson D., Yeung E., Bello A.K., Levin A., Lunney M., Osman M.A., Ye F., Ashuntantang G., Bellorin-Font E., Benghanem Gharbi M., Davison S., Ghnaimat M., Harden P., Jha V., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Kerr P., Klarenbach S., Kovesdy C., Luyckx V., Neuen B., O'Donoghue D., Ossareh S., Perl J., Ur Rashid H., Rondeau E., See E., Saad S., Sola L., Tchokhonelidze I., Tesar V., Tungsanga K., Turan Kazancioglu R., Wang A.Y.-M., Wiebe N., Yang C.-W., Zemchenkov A., Zhao M., Jager K.J., Caskey F., Perkovic V., Jindal K., Okpechi I.G., Tonelli M., Feehally J., Harris D.C.H., and Johnson D.
Abstract: The Global Kidney Health Atlas (GKHA) is a multinational, cross-sectional survey designed to assess the current capacity for kidney care across all world regions. The 2017 GKHA involved 125 countries and identified significant gaps in oversight, funding and infrastructure to support care for patients with kidney disease, especially in lower-middle-income countries. Here, we report results from the survey for the second iteration of the GKHA conducted in 2018, which included specific questions about health financing and oversight of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) care worldwide. A cross-sectional global survey. Key stakeholders from 182 countries were invited to participate. Of those, stakeholders from 160 countries participated and were included. Primary outcomes included cost of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), funding for dialysis and transplantation, funding for conservative kidney management, extent of universal health coverage, out-of-pocket costs for KRT, within-country variability in ESKD care delivery and oversight systems for ESKD care. Outcomes were determined from a combination of desk research and input from key stakeholders in participating countries. 160 countries (covering 98% of the world's population) responded to the survey. Economic factors were identified as the top barrier to optimal ESKD care in 99 countries (64%). Full public funding for KRT was more common than for conservative kidney management (43% vs 28%). Among countries that provided at least some public coverage for KRT, 75% covered all citizens. Within-country variation in ESKD care delivery was reported in 40% of countries. Oversight of ESKD care was present in all high-income countries but was absent in 13% of low-income, 3% of lower-middle-income, and 10% of upper-middle-income countries. Significant gaps and variability exist in the public funding and oversight of ESKD care in many countries, particularly for those in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.Copyright © Autho
Published: 2021

5. Hemodialysis Use and Practice Patterns: An International Survey Study.

Author: Jha V., Kazancioglu R.T., Yee-Moon Wang A., Yang C.-W., Zemchenkov A., Zhao M.-H., Jager K.J., Caskey F.J., Perkovic V., Jindal K.K., Okpechi I.G., Tonelli M., Harris D.C., Johnson D.W., Htay H., Bello A.K., Levin A., Lunney M., Osman M.A., Ye F., Ashuntantang G.E., Bellorin-Font E., Gharbi M.B., Davison S.N., Ghnaimat M., Harden P., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Kerr P.G., Klarenbach S., Kovesdy C.P., Luyckx V.A., Neuen B., O'Donoghue D., Ossareh S., Perl J., Rashid H.U., Rondeau E., See E.J., Saad S., Sola L., Tchokhonelidze I., Tesar V., Tungsanga K., Jha V., Kazancioglu R.T., Yee-Moon Wang A., Yang C.-W., Zemchenkov A., Zhao M.-H., Jager K.J., Caskey F.J., Perkovic V., Jindal K.K., Okpechi I.G., Tonelli M., Harris D.C., Johnson D.W., Htay H., Bello A.K., Levin A., Lunney M., Osman M.A., Ye F., Ashuntantang G.E., Bellorin-Font E., Gharbi M.B., Davison S.N., Ghnaimat M., Harden P., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Kerr P.G., Klarenbach S., Kovesdy C.P., Luyckx V.A., Neuen B., O'Donoghue D., Ossareh S., Perl J., Rashid H.U., Rondeau E., See E.J., Saad S., Sola L., Tchokhonelidze I., Tesar V., and Tungsanga K.
Abstract: Rationale & Objective: Hemodialysis (HD) is the most common form of kidney replacement therapy. This study aimed to examine the use, availability, accessibility, affordability, and quality of HD care worldwide. Study Design: A cross-sectional survey. Setting & Participants: Stakeholders (clinicians, policy makers, and consumer representatives) in 182 countries were convened by the International Society of Nephrology from July to September 2018. Outcome(s): Use, availability, accessibility, affordability, and quality of HD care. Analytical Approach: Descriptive statistics. Result(s): Overall, representatives from 160 (88%) countries participated. Median country-specific use of maintenance HD was 298.4 (IQR, 80.5-599.4) per million population (pmp). Global median HD use among incident patients with kidney failure was 98.0 (IQR, 81.5-140.8) pmp and median number of HD centers was 4.5 (IQR, 1.2-9.9) pmp. Adequate HD services (3-4 hours 3 times weekly) were generally available in 27% of low-income countries. Home HD was generally available in 36% of high-income countries. 32% of countries performed monitoring of patient-reported outcomes; 61%, monitoring of small-solute clearance; 60%, monitoring of bone mineral markers; 51%, monitoring of technique survival; and 60%, monitoring of patient survival. At initiation of maintenance dialysis, only 5% of countries used an arteriovenous access in almost all patients. Vascular access education was suboptimal, funding for vascular access procedures was not uniform, and copayments were greater in countries with lower levels of income. Patients in 23% of the low-income countries had to pay >75% of HD costs compared with patients in only 4% of high-income countries. Limitation(s): A cross-sectional survey with possibility of response bias, social desirability bias, and limited data collection preventing in-depth analysis. Conclusion(s): In summary, findings reveal substantial variations in global HD use, availability, accessibility
Published: 2021

6. Availability, coverage, and scope of health information systems for kidney care across world countries and regions.

Author: Kazancioglu R.T., Rashid H.U., Rondeau E., Syed S., Sola L., Tchokhonelidze I., Tesar V., Tungsanga K., Wang A.Y.-M., Johnson D.W., Harris D.C., Feehally J., Tonelli M., Okpechi I.G., Jindal K.K., Perkovic V., Caskey F., Jager K.J., Zhao M.-H., Zemchenkov A., Yang C.-W., See E.J., Bello A.K., Levin A., Lunney M., Osman M.A., Ye F., Ashuntantang G.E., Bellorin-Font E., Benghanem Gharbi M., Davison S., Ghnaimat M., Harden P., Htay H., Jha V., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Kerr P.G., Klarenbach S., Kovesdy C.P., Luyckx V., Neuen B., O'Donoghue D., Ossareh S., Perl J., Kazancioglu R.T., Rashid H.U., Rondeau E., Syed S., Sola L., Tchokhonelidze I., Tesar V., Tungsanga K., Wang A.Y.-M., Johnson D.W., Harris D.C., Feehally J., Tonelli M., Okpechi I.G., Jindal K.K., Perkovic V., Caskey F., Jager K.J., Zhao M.-H., Zemchenkov A., Yang C.-W., See E.J., Bello A.K., Levin A., Lunney M., Osman M.A., Ye F., Ashuntantang G.E., Bellorin-Font E., Benghanem Gharbi M., Davison S., Ghnaimat M., Harden P., Htay H., Jha V., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Kerr P.G., Klarenbach S., Kovesdy C.P., Luyckx V., Neuen B., O'Donoghue D., Ossareh S., and Perl J.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health information systems (HIS) are fundamental tools for the surveillance of health services, estimation of disease burden and prioritization of health resources. Several gaps in the availability of HIS for kidney disease were highlighted by the first iteration of the Global Kidney Health Atlas. METHOD(S): As part of its second iteration, the International Society of Nephrology conducted a cross-sectional global survey between July and October 2018 to explore the coverage and scope of HIS for kidney disease, with a focus on kidney replacement therapy (KRT). RESULT(S): Out of a total of 182 invited countries, 154 countries responded to questions on HIS (85% response rate). KRT registries were available in almost all high-income countries, but few low-income countries, while registries for non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) were rare. Registries in high-income countries tended to be national, in contrast to registries in low-income countries, which often operated at local or regional levels. Although cause of end-stage kidney disease, modality of KRT and source of kidney transplant donors were frequently reported, few countries collected data on patient-reported outcome measures and only half of low-income countries recorded process-based measures. Almost no countries had programs to detect AKI and practices to identify CKD-targeted individuals with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, rather than members of high-risk ethnic groups. CONCLUSION(S): These findings confirm significant heterogeneity in the global availability of HIS for kidney disease and highlight important gaps in their coverage and scope, especially in low-income countries and across the domains of AKI, non-dialysis CKD, patient-reported outcomes, process-based measures and quality indicators for KRT service delivery.Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved.
Published: 2021

7. Current status of health systems financing and oversight for end-stage kidney disease care: a cross-sectional global survey

Author: Yeung, E, Bello, AK, Levin, A, Lunney, M, Osman, MA, Ye, F, Ashuntantang, G, Bellorin-Font, E, Benghanem Gharbi, M, Davison, S, Ghnaimat, M, Harden, P, Jha, V, Kalantar-Zadeh, K, Kerr, P, Klarenbach, S, Kovesdy, C, Luyckx, V, Neuen, B, O'Donoghue, D, Ossareh, S, Perl, J, Ur Rashid, H, Rondeau, E, See, E, Saad, S, Sola, L, Tchokhonelidze, I, Tesar, V, Tungsanga, K, Turan Kazancioglu, R, Wang, AY-M, Wiebe, N, Yang, C-W, Zemchenkov, A, Zhao, M, Jager, KJ, Caskey, F, Perkovic, V, Jindal, K, Okpechi, IG, Tonelli, M, Feehally, J, Harris, DCH, Johnson, D, Yeung, E, Bello, AK, Levin, A, Lunney, M, Osman, MA, Ye, F, Ashuntantang, G, Bellorin-Font, E, Benghanem Gharbi, M, Davison, S, Ghnaimat, M, Harden, P, Jha, V, Kalantar-Zadeh, K, Kerr, P, Klarenbach, S, Kovesdy, C, Luyckx, V, Neuen, B, O'Donoghue, D, Ossareh, S, Perl, J, Ur Rashid, H, Rondeau, E, See, E, Saad, S, Sola, L, Tchokhonelidze, I, Tesar, V, Tungsanga, K, Turan Kazancioglu, R, Wang, AY-M, Wiebe, N, Yang, C-W, Zemchenkov, A, Zhao, M, Jager, KJ, Caskey, F, Perkovic, V, Jindal, K, Okpechi, IG, Tonelli, M, Feehally, J, Harris, DCH, and Johnson, D
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Global Kidney Health Atlas (GKHA) is a multinational, cross-sectional survey designed to assess the current capacity for kidney care across all world regions. The 2017 GKHA involved 125 countries and identified significant gaps in oversight, funding and infrastructure to support care for patients with kidney disease, especially in lower-middle-income countries. Here, we report results from the survey for the second iteration of the GKHA conducted in 2018, which included specific questions about health financing and oversight of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) care worldwide. SETTING: A cross-sectional global survey. PARTICIPANTS: Key stakeholders from 182 countries were invited to participate. Of those, stakeholders from 160 countries participated and were included. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: Primary outcomes included cost of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), funding for dialysis and transplantation, funding for conservative kidney management, extent of universal health coverage, out-of-pocket costs for KRT, within-country variability in ESKD care delivery and oversight systems for ESKD care. Outcomes were determined from a combination of desk research and input from key stakeholders in participating countries. RESULTS: 160 countries (covering 98% of the world's population) responded to the survey. Economic factors were identified as the top barrier to optimal ESKD care in 99 countries (64%). Full public funding for KRT was more common than for conservative kidney management (43% vs 28%). Among countries that provided at least some public coverage for KRT, 75% covered all citizens. Within-country variation in ESKD care delivery was reported in 40% of countries. Oversight of ESKD care was present in all high-income countries but was absent in 13% of low-income, 3% of lower-middle-income, and 10% of upper-middle-income countries. CONCLUSION: Significant gaps and variability exist in the public funding and oversight of ESKD care in many countries, particularly f
Published: 2021

8. Attitude of Iranian Nephrologists Toward Living Unrelated Kidney Donation

Author: Ossareh, S., Asl, M.B., Al-Zubairi, S., and Naseem, S.
Published: 2007
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9. SAT-209 PREDICTORS OF SURVIVAL PATIENTS ON MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS ACCORDING TO TIME DEPENDENT VALUES; A SINGLE CENTER REPORT

Author: Hashemi, S., primary, Ossareh, S., additional, and Vahedi, M., additional
Published: 2020
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10. Status of care for end stage kidney disease in countries and regions worldwide: International cross sectional survey.

Author: Rashid H.U., Klarenbach S., Kovesdy C.P., Luyckx V.A., Neuen B.L., O'Donoghue D., Ossareh S., Perl J., Rondeau E., Johnson D.W., Harris D.C., Feehally J., Tonelli M., Okpechi I.G., Jindal K.K., Perkovic V., Caskey F., Jager K.J., Zhao M.-H., Zemchenkov A., Yang C.-W., Wiebe N., Wang A.Y.-M., Turan Kazancioglu R., Tungsanga K., Tesar V., Tchokhonelidze I., Sola L., Saad S., See E., Bello A.K., Levin A., Lunney M., Osman M.A., Ye F., Ashuntantang G.E., Bellorin-Font E., Benghanem Gharbi M., Davison S.N., Ghnaimat M., Harden P., Htay H., Jha V., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Kerr P.G., Rashid H.U., Klarenbach S., Kovesdy C.P., Luyckx V.A., Neuen B.L., O'Donoghue D., Ossareh S., Perl J., Rondeau E., Johnson D.W., Harris D.C., Feehally J., Tonelli M., Okpechi I.G., Jindal K.K., Perkovic V., Caskey F., Jager K.J., Zhao M.-H., Zemchenkov A., Yang C.-W., Wiebe N., Wang A.Y.-M., Turan Kazancioglu R., Tungsanga K., Tesar V., Tchokhonelidze I., Sola L., Saad S., See E., Bello A.K., Levin A., Lunney M., Osman M.A., Ye F., Ashuntantang G.E., Bellorin-Font E., Benghanem Gharbi M., Davison S.N., Ghnaimat M., Harden P., Htay H., Jha V., Kalantar-Zadeh K., and Kerr P.G.
Abstract: Objective To determine the global capacity (availability, accessibility, quality, and affordability) to deliver kidney replacement therapy (dialysis and transplantation) and conservative kidney management. Design International cross sectional survey. Setting International Society of Nephrology (ISN) survey of 182 countries from July to September 2018. Participants Key stakeholders identified by ISN's national and regional leaders. Main outcome measures Markers of national capacity to deliver core components of kidney replacement therapy and conservative kidney management. Results Responses were received from 160 (87.9%) of 182 countries, comprising 97.8% (7338.5 million of 7501.3 million) of the world's population. A wide variation was found in capacity and structures for kidney replacement therapy and conservative kidney management-namely, funding mechanisms, health workforce, service delivery, and available technologies. Information on the prevalence of treated end stage kidney disease was available in 91 (42%) of 218 countries worldwide. Estimates varied more than 800-fold from 4 to 3392 per million population. Rwanda was the only low income country to report data on the prevalence of treated disease; 5 (<10%) of 53 African countries reported these data. Of 159 countries, 102 (64%) provided public funding for kidney replacement therapy. Sixty eight (43%) of 159 countries charged no fees at the point of care delivery and 34 (21%) made some charge. Haemodialysis was reported as available in 156 (100%) of 156 countries, peritoneal dialysis in 119 (76%) of 156 countries, and kidney transplantation in 114 (74%) of 155 countries. Dialysis and kidney transplantation were available to more than 50% of patients in only 108 (70%) and 45 (29%) of 154 countries that offered these services, respectively. Conservative kidney management was available in 124 (81%) of 154 countries. Worldwide, the median number of nephrologists was 9.96 per million population, which varied with i
Published: 2019

11. Increasing access to integrated ESKD care as part of universal health coverage

Author: Harris, David CH, Davies, Simon J, Finkelstein, Fredric O, Jha, Vivekanand, Donner, Jo-Ann, Abraham, Georgi, Bello, Aminu K, Caskey, Fergus J, Garcia, Guillermo Garcia, Harden, Paul, Hemmelgarn, Brenda, Johnson, David W, Levin, Nathan W, Luyckx, Valerie A, Martin, Dominique E, McCulloch, Mignon I, Moosa, Mohammed Rafique, O'Connell, Paul J, Okpechi, Ikechi G, Pecoits Filho, Roberto, Shah, Kamal D, Sola, Laura, Swanepoel, Charles, Tonelli, Marcello, Twahir, Ahmed, van Biesen, Wim, Varghese, Cherian, Yang, Chih-Wei, Zuniga, Carlos, Abu Alfa, Ali K, Aljubori, Harith M, Alrukhaimi, Mona N, Andreoli, Sharon P, Ashuntantang, Gloria, Bellorin-Font, Ezequiel, Bernieh, Bassam, Ibhais, Fuad M, Blake, Peter G, Brown, Mark, Brown, Edwina, Bunnag, Sakarn, Chan, Tak Mao, Chen, Yuqing, Claure-Del Granado, Rolando, Claus, Stefaan, Collins, Allan, Couchoud, Cecile, Cueto-Manzano, Alfonso, Cullis, Brett, Douthat, Walter, Dreyer, Gavin, Eiam-Ong, Somchai, Eke, Felicia U, Feehally, John, Ghnaimat, Mohammad A, Goh, Bak Leong, Hassan, Mohamed H, Hou, Fan Fan, Jager, Kitty, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, Kazancioglu, Rumeyza T, Levin, A, Liew, A, McKnight, M, Mengistu, YT, Morton, RL, Muller, E, Murtagh, FEM, Naicker, S, Nangaku, M, Niang, A, Obrador, GT, Ossareh, S, Perl, J, Rahman, M, Rashid, HU, Richards, M, Rondeau, E, Sahay, M, Saleh, A, Schneditz, D, Tchokhonelidze, I, Tesar, V, Trask, M, Tungsanga, K, Vachharajani, T, Walker, RC, Walker, R, Were, AJO, Yao, Q, Yeates, K, Yu, X, Zakharova, E, Zemchenkov, A, Zhao, MH, Harris, David CH, Davies, Simon J, Finkelstein, Fredric O, Jha, Vivekanand, Donner, Jo-Ann, Abraham, Georgi, Bello, Aminu K, Caskey, Fergus J, Garcia, Guillermo Garcia, Harden, Paul, Hemmelgarn, Brenda, Johnson, David W, Levin, Nathan W, Luyckx, Valerie A, Martin, Dominique E, McCulloch, Mignon I, Moosa, Mohammed Rafique, O'Connell, Paul J, Okpechi, Ikechi G, Pecoits Filho, Roberto, Shah, Kamal D, Sola, Laura, Swanepoel, Charles, Tonelli, Marcello, Twahir, Ahmed, van Biesen, Wim, Varghese, Cherian, Yang, Chih-Wei, Zuniga, Carlos, Abu Alfa, Ali K, Aljubori, Harith M, Alrukhaimi, Mona N, Andreoli, Sharon P, Ashuntantang, Gloria, Bellorin-Font, Ezequiel, Bernieh, Bassam, Ibhais, Fuad M, Blake, Peter G, Brown, Mark, Brown, Edwina, Bunnag, Sakarn, Chan, Tak Mao, Chen, Yuqing, Claure-Del Granado, Rolando, Claus, Stefaan, Collins, Allan, Couchoud, Cecile, Cueto-Manzano, Alfonso, Cullis, Brett, Douthat, Walter, Dreyer, Gavin, Eiam-Ong, Somchai, Eke, Felicia U, Feehally, John, Ghnaimat, Mohammad A, Goh, Bak Leong, Hassan, Mohamed H, Hou, Fan Fan, Jager, Kitty, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, Kazancioglu, Rumeyza T, Levin, A, Liew, A, McKnight, M, Mengistu, YT, Morton, RL, Muller, E, Murtagh, FEM, Naicker, S, Nangaku, M, Niang, A, Obrador, GT, Ossareh, S, Perl, J, Rahman, M, Rashid, HU, Richards, M, Rondeau, E, Sahay, M, Saleh, A, Schneditz, D, Tchokhonelidze, I, Tesar, V, Trask, M, Tungsanga, K, Vachharajani, T, Walker, RC, Walker, R, Were, AJO, Yao, Q, Yeates, K, Yu, X, Zakharova, E, Zemchenkov, A, and Zhao, MH
Published: 2019

12. SUN-033 IMPACT OF THE PRESENCE OF CRESECENTS ON DEVELOPMENT OF END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE IN IgA NEPHROPATHY

Author: Ossareh, S., primary, Nazemzadeh, N., additional, Afghahi, H., additional, and Asgari, M., additional
Published: 2019
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13. Detection and treatment of coronary artery disease in renal transplantation candidates

Author: Ghods, A.J and Ossareh, S
Published: 2002
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14. The Relative Frequency, Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Adult Glomerulonephritidies in Tehran

Author: Emami Naini, A., Amini Harandi, A., Ossareh, S., Ghods, A., Bahar Bastani, and Taheri, S.
Subjects: lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine
Abstract: Background: Renal diseases information is population-based and has great geographic variability. Due to the lack of national renal data registry system, there is no information on the prevalence rate, and clinical and laboratory features of various glomerulonephritidies (GNs) in Iran. Methods: In a retrospective cross sectional study, we analyzed 462 adult renal biopsies in Hashemi Nejad hospital, Tehran, Iran. We determined the prevalence rate and the frequency of different clinical and laboratory findings in patients with different GNs. We also compared our results with the reports from other countries. Results: There were 267(57.8%) males and 195(42.2%) females. The mean age (± SD) was 33.6 ± 15.7 (range, 13-75) years old. After exclusion of 55 biopsies with pathologies other than GNs and in the remaining 407 biopsies, membranous glomerulopathy (MGN) was the most common GN (23.6%), followed by IgAN (13.5%), membranoproliferative GN (11.5%), systemic lupus nephritis (10.6%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (10.3%), and minimal change disease (9.8%). These 6 GNs comprised the majority (79.4%) of all GNs. Conclusion: MGN is the most common form of GN, followed by IgAN, MPGN, SLE-GN, FSGS and MCD in adult patients in our study. The multi-center studies with a larger sample size are needed for more comprehensive data in Iranian population. Key words: Glomerulonephritidies, Epidemiology, Renal Biopsy, Glomeulopathy
Published: 2006

15. RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY. IMMUNOTACTOID GLOMEROLUPATHY: A CASE OF MONOCLONAL GAMMAPATHY OF RENAL SIGNIFICANCE

Author: Volgina, G., Gadzhikulieva, M., Uyshuk, N., Kawamura, E., Hisano, S., Nakashima, H., Saito, T., Boor, P., Babi kova, J., Martin, I. V., Bucher, E. B., Eriksson, U., Van Roeyen, C. R. C., Eitner, F., Floege, J., Peutz Kootstra, C. J., Ostendorf, T., Leh, S., Leh, F., Bjanes, T. K., Ohldieck, C., Svarstad, E., Han, B. G., Kim, J. S., Yang, J. W., Choi, S. O., Lollinga, W., Rahbar, A., De Wit, R. H., Riezebos Brilman, A., Soderberg Naucler, C., Van Son, W. J., Sanders, J. S., Smit, M. J., Van Den Born, J., Koike, K., Tsuboi, N., Ikezumi, Y., Go, K., Ogura, M., Saitoh, A., Yokoo, T., Yamaguchi, T., Nokiba, H., Hara, M., Morito, T., Kakihana, K., Ohashi, K., Ando, M., Kimura, T., Yagisawa, T., Nanmoku, K., Kurosawa, A., Sakuma, Y., Miki, A., Nukui, A., Alfieri, C. M., Regalia, A., Simonini, P., Ikehata, M., Chatziantoniou, C., Moroni, G., Rastaldi, M. P., Messa, P., Bockmeyer, C., Sauber lich, K., Zell, S., Zeuschner, P., Agustian, P. A., Wittig, J., Becker, J. U., Peters, B., Andersson, Y., Hadimeri, H., Stegmayr, B., Molne, J., Li, T., He, Y., Chen, H., Chen, J., Kobayashi, A., Mitome, J., Yamamoto, I., Mafune, A., Yamakawa, T., Nakada, Y., Tanno, Y., Ohkido, I., Yamamoto, H., Yokoyama, K., Dervishi, E., Buti, E., Nozzoli, C., Caldini, L. A., Giannakakis, Konstantinos, Minetti, E. E., Cirami, L., Bergesio, F., Ryuge, A., Nomura, A., Shimizu, H., Fujita, Y., Nishi, S., Goto, S., Nakai, K., Ito, J., Fujii, H., Hara, S., Mori, G., Ligabue, G., Cappelli, G., Pinho, A., Moreno, F., Dias, R., Vizcaino, R., Ossareh, S., Asgari, M., Abdi, E., Ataipour, Y., Malakoutian, T., Saddadi, F., and Rayatnia, M.
Published: 2014

16. Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on reduction of panel reactivity

Author: Ossareh, S, Ghorbani, G, and Ghods, A.J
Published: 2003
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17. Beneficial effect of enalapril on slowing the progression of chronic renal allograft dysfunction

Author: Ghods, A.J and Ossareh, S
Published: 2003
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18. Results of renal transplantation in the elderly: single center experience

Author: Ossareh, S and Ghods, A.J
Published: 2002
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19. Characteristics of patients remaining on chronic dialysis after elimination of renal transplant waiting list in Iran

Author: Ghods, A.J, Ossareh, S, Abedi Azar, S, Savaj, S, and Shahroukh, M
Published: 2002
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20. Comparison of some socioeconomic characteristics of donors and recipients in a controlled living unrelated donor renal transplantation program

Author: Ghods, A.J, Ossareh, S, and Khosravani, P
Published: 2001
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21. RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY

Author: Volgina, G., primary, Gadzhikulieva, M., additional, Uyshuk, N., additional, Kawamura, E., additional, Hisano, S., additional, Nakashima, H., additional, Saito, T., additional, Boor, P., additional, Babi kova, J., additional, Martin, I. V., additional, Bucher, E. B., additional, Eriksson, U., additional, Van Roeyen, C. R. C., additional, Eitner, F., additional, Floege, J., additional, Peutz-Kootstra, C. J., additional, Ostendorf, T., additional, Leh, S., additional, Leh, F., additional, Bjanes, T. K., additional, Ohldieck, C., additional, Svarstad, E., additional, Han, B. G., additional, Kim, J. S., additional, Yang, J. W., additional, Choi, S. O., additional, Lollinga, W., additional, Rahbar, A., additional, De Wit, R. H., additional, Riezebos-Brilman, A., additional, Soderberg-Naucler, C., additional, Van Son, W. J., additional, Sanders, J.-S., additional, Smit, M. J., additional, Van Den Born, J., additional, Koike, K., additional, Tsuboi, N., additional, Ikezumi, Y., additional, Go, K., additional, Ogura, M., additional, Saitoh, A., additional, Yokoo, T., additional, Yamaguchi, T., additional, Nokiba, H., additional, Hara, M., additional, Morito, T., additional, Kakihana, K., additional, Ohashi, K., additional, Ando, M., additional, Kimura, T., additional, Yagisawa, T., additional, Nanmoku, K., additional, Kurosawa, A., additional, Sakuma, Y., additional, Miki, A., additional, Nukui, A., additional, Alfieri, C. M., additional, Regalia, A., additional, Simonini, P., additional, Ikehata, M., additional, Chatziantoniou, C., additional, Moroni, G., additional, Rastaldi, M. P., additional, Messa, P., additional, Bockmeyer, C., additional, Sauberlich, K., additional, Zell, S., additional, Zeuschner, P., additional, Agustian, P. A., additional, Wittig, J., additional, Becker, J. U., additional, Peters, B., additional, Andersson, Y., additional, Hadimeri, H., additional, Stegmayr, B., additional, Molne, J., additional, Li, T., additional, He, Y., additional, Chen, H., additional, Chen, J., additional, Kobayashi, A., additional, Mitome, J., additional, Yamamoto, I., additional, Mafune, A., additional, Yamakawa, T., additional, Nakada, Y., additional, Tanno, Y., additional, Ohkido, I., additional, Yamamoto, H., additional, Yokoyama, K., additional, Dervishi, E., additional, Buti, E., additional, Nozzoli, C., additional, Caldini, L. A., additional, Giannakakis, C., additional, Minetti, E. E., additional, Cirami, L., additional, Bergesio, F., additional, Ryuge, A., additional, Nomura, A., additional, Shimizu, H., additional, Fujita, Y., additional, Nishi, S., additional, Goto, S., additional, Nakai, K., additional, Ito, J., additional, Fujii, H., additional, Hara, S., additional, Mori, G., additional, Ligabue, G., additional, Cappelli, G., additional, Pinho, A., additional, Moreno, F., additional, Dias, R., additional, Vizcaino, R., additional, Ossareh, S., additional, Asgari, M., additional, Abdi, E., additional, Ataipour, Y., additional, Malakoutian, T., additional, Saddadi, F., additional, and Rayatnia, M., additional
Published: 2014
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22. Epidemiology and outcome research in CKD 5D

Author: Coentrao, L., primary, Ribeiro, C., additional, Santos-Araujo, C., additional, Neto, R., additional, Pestana, M., additional, Kleophas, W., additional, Karaboyas, A., additional, LI, Y., additional, Bommer, J., additional, Pisoni, R., additional, Robinson, B., additional, Port, F., additional, Celik, G., additional, Burcak Annagur, B., additional, Yilmaz, M., additional, Demir, T., additional, Kara, F., additional, Trigka, K., additional, Dousdampanis, P., additional, Vaitsis, N., additional, Aggelakou-Vaitsi, S., additional, Turkmen, K., additional, Guney, I., additional, Turgut, F., additional, Altintepe, L., additional, Tonbul, H. Z., additional, Abdel-Rahman, E., additional, Sclauzero, P., additional, Galli, G., additional, Barbati, G., additional, Carraro, M., additional, Panzetta, G. O., additional, Van Diepen, M., additional, Schroijen, M., additional, Dekkers, O., additional, Dekker, F., additional, Sikole, A., additional, Severova- Andreevska, G., additional, Trajceska, L., additional, Gelev, S., additional, Amitov, V., additional, Pavleska- Kuzmanovska, S., additional, Rayner, H., additional, Vanholder, R., additional, Hecking, M., additional, Jung, B., additional, Leung, M., additional, Huynh, F., additional, Chung, T., additional, Marchuk, S., additional, Kiaii, M., additional, Er, L., additional, Werb, R., additional, Chan-Yan, C., additional, Beaulieu, M., additional, Malindretos, P., additional, Makri, P., additional, Zagkotsis, G., additional, Koutroumbas, G., additional, Loukas, G., additional, Nikolaou, E., additional, Pavlou, M., additional, Gourgoulianni, E., additional, Paparizou, M., additional, Markou, M., additional, Syrgani, E., additional, Syrganis, C., additional, Raimann, J., additional, Usvyat, L. A., additional, Bhalani, V., additional, Levin, N. W., additional, Kotanko, P., additional, Huang, X., additional, Stenvinkel, P., additional, Qureshi, A. R., additional, Riserus, U., additional, Cederholm, T., additional, Barany, P., additional, Heimburger, O., additional, Lindholm, B., additional, Carrero, J. J., additional, Chang, J. H., additional, Sung, J. Y., additional, Jung, J. Y., additional, Lee, H. H., additional, Chung, W., additional, Kim, S., additional, Han, J. S., additional, Na, K. Y., additional, Fragoso, A., additional, Pinho, A., additional, Malho, A., additional, Silva, A. P., additional, Morgado, E., additional, Leao Neves, P., additional, Joki, N., additional, Tanaka, Y., additional, Iwasaki, M., additional, Kubo, S., additional, Hayashi, T., additional, Takahashi, Y., additional, Hirahata, K., additional, Imamura, Y., additional, Hase, H., additional, Castledine, C., additional, Gilg, J., additional, Rogers, C., additional, Ben-Shlomo, Y., additional, Caskey, F., additional, Sandhu, J. S., additional, Bajwa, G. S., additional, Kansal, S., additional, Sandhu, J., additional, Jayanti, A., additional, Nikam, M., additional, Ebah, L., additional, Summers, A., additional, Mitra, S., additional, Agar, J., additional, Perkins, A., additional, Simmonds, R., additional, Tjipto, A., additional, Amet, S., additional, Launay-Vacher, V., additional, Laville, M., additional, Tricotel, A., additional, Frances, C., additional, Stengel, B., additional, Gauvrit, J.-Y., additional, Grenier, N., additional, Reinhardt, G., additional, Clement, O., additional, Janus, N., additional, Rouillon, L., additional, Choukroun, G., additional, Deray, G., additional, Bernasconi, A., additional, Waisman, R., additional, Montoya, A. P., additional, Liste, A. A., additional, Hermes, R., additional, Muguerza, G., additional, Heguilen, R., additional, Iliescu, E. L., additional, Martina, V., additional, Rizzo, M. A., additional, Magenta, P., additional, Lubatti, L., additional, Rombola, G., additional, Gallieni, M., additional, Loirat, C., additional, Mellerio, H., additional, Labeguerie, M., additional, Andriss, B., additional, Savoye, E., additional, Lassale, M., additional, Jacquelinet, C., additional, Alberti, C., additional, Aggarwal, Y., additional, Baharani, J., additional, Tabrizian, S., additional, Ossareh, S., additional, Zebarjadi, M., additional, Azevedo, P., additional, Travassos, F., additional, Frade, I., additional, Almeida, M., additional, Queiros, J., additional, Silva, F., additional, Cabrita, A., additional, Rodrigues, R., additional, Couchoud, C., additional, Kitty, J., additional, Benedicte, S., additional, Fergus, C., additional, Cecile, C., additional, Sahar, B., additional, Emmanuel, V., additional, Christian, J., additional, Rene, E., additional, Barahimi, H., additional, Mahdavi-Mazdeh, M., additional, Nafar, M., additional, Petruzzi, M., additional, De Benedittis, M., additional, Sciancalepore, M., additional, Gargano, L., additional, Natale, P., additional, Vecchio, M. C., additional, Saglimbene, V., additional, Pellegrini, F., additional, Gentile, G., additional, Stroumza, P., additional, Frantzen, L., additional, Leal, M., additional, Torok, M., additional, Bednarek, A., additional, Dulawa, J., additional, Celia, E., additional, Gelfman, R., additional, Hegbrant, J., additional, Wollheim, C., additional, Palmer, S., additional, Johnson, D. W., additional, Ford, P. J., additional, Craig, J. C., additional, Strippoli, G. F., additional, Ruospo, M., additional, El Hayek, B., additional, Hayek, B., additional, Baamonde, E., additional, Bosch, E., additional, Ramirez, J. I., additional, Perez, G., additional, Ramirez, A., additional, Toledo, A., additional, Lago, M. M., additional, Garcia-Canton, C., additional, Checa, M. D., additional, Canaud, B., additional, Lantz, B., additional, Granger-Vallee, A., additional, Lertdumrongluk, P., additional, Molinari, N., additional, Ethier, J., additional, Jadoul, M., additional, Gillespie, B., additional, Bond, C., additional, Wang, S., additional, Alfieri, T., additional, Braunhofer, P., additional, Newsome, B., additional, Wang, M., additional, Bieber, B., additional, Guidinger, M., additional, Zuo, L., additional, Yu, X., additional, Yang, X., additional, Qian, J., additional, Chen, N., additional, Albert, J., additional, Yan, Y., additional, Ramirez, S., additional, Beresan, M., additional, Lapidus, A., additional, Canteli, M., additional, Tong, A., additional, Manns, B., additional, Craig, J., additional, Strippoli, G., additional, Mortazavi, M., additional, Vahdatpour, B., additional, Shahidi, S., additional, Ghasempour, A., additional, Taheri, D., additional, Dolatkhah, S., additional, Emami Naieni, A., additional, Ghassami, M., additional, Khan, M., additional, Abdulnabi, K., additional, Pai, P., additional, Vecchio, M., additional, Muqueet, M. A., additional, Hasan, M. J., additional, Kashem, M. A., additional, Dutta, P. K., additional, Liu, F. X., additional, Noe, L., additional, Quock, T., additional, Neil, N., additional, Inglese, G., additional, Motamed Najjar, M., additional, Bahmani, B., additional, Shafiabadi, A., additional, Helve, J., additional, Haapio, M., additional, Groop, P.-H., additional, Gronhagen-Riska, C., additional, Finne, P., additional, Sund, R., additional, Cai, M., additional, Baweja, S., additional, Clements, A., additional, Kent, A., additional, Reilly, R., additional, Taylor, N., additional, Holt, S., additional, Mcmahon, L., additional, Carter, M., additional, Van der Sande, F. M., additional, Kooman, J., additional, Malhotra, R., additional, Ouellet, G., additional, Penne, E. L., additional, Thijssen, S., additional, Etter, M., additional, Tashman, A., additional, Guinsburg, A., additional, Grassmann, A., additional, Barth, C., additional, Marelli, C., additional, Marcelli, D., additional, Von Gersdorff, G., additional, Bayh, I., additional, Scatizzi, L., additional, Lam, M., additional, Schaller, M., additional, Toffelmire, T., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Sheppard, P., additional, Neri, L., additional, Andreucci, V. A., additional, Rocca-Rey, L. A., additional, Bertoli, S. V., additional, Brancaccio, D., additional, De Berardis, G., additional, Lucisano, G., additional, Johnson, D., additional, Nicolucci, A., additional, Bonifati, C., additional, Navaneethan, S. D., additional, Montinaro, V., additional, Zsom, M., additional, Bednarek-Skublewska, A., additional, Graziano, G., additional, Ferrari, J. N., additional, Santoro, A., additional, Zucchelli, A., additional, Triolo, G., additional, Maffei, S., additional, De Cosmo, S., additional, Manfreda, V. M., additional, Juillard, L., additional, Rousset, A., additional, Butel, F., additional, Girardot-Seguin, S., additional, Hannedouche, T., additional, Isnard, M., additional, Berland, Y., additional, Vanhille, P., additional, Ortiz, J.-P., additional, Janin, G., additional, Nicoud, P., additional, Touam, M., additional, Bruce, E., additional, Grace, B., additional, Clayton, P., additional, Cass, A., additional, Mcdonald, S., additional, Furumatsu, Y., additional, Kitamura, T., additional, Fujii, N., additional, Ogata, S., additional, Nakamoto, H., additional, Iseki, K., additional, Tsubakihara, Y., additional, Chien, C.-C., additional, Wang, J.-J., additional, Hwang, J.-C., additional, Wang, H.-Y., additional, Kan, W.-C., additional, Kuster, N., additional, Patrier, L., additional, Bargnoux, A.-S., additional, Morena, M., additional, Dupuy, A.-M., additional, Badiou, S., additional, Cristol, J.-P., additional, Desmet, J.-M., additional, Fernandes, V., additional, Collart, F., additional, Spinogatti, N., additional, Pochet, J.-M., additional, Dratwa, M., additional, Goffin, E., additional, Nortier, J., additional, Zilisteanu, D. S., additional, Voiculescu, M., additional, Rusu, E., additional, Achim, C., additional, Bobeica, R., additional, Balanica, S., additional, Atasie, T., additional, Florence, S., additional, Anne-Marie, S., additional, Michel, L., additional, Cyrille, C., additional, Strakosha, A., additional, Pasko, N., additional, Kodra, S., additional, Thereska, N., additional, Lowney, A., additional, Lowney, E., additional, Grant, R., additional, Murphy, M., additional, Casserly, L., additional, O' Brien, T., additional, Plant, W. D., additional, Radic, J., additional, Ljutic, D., additional, Kovacic, V., additional, Radic, M., additional, Dodig-Curkovic, K., additional, Sain, M., additional, Jelicic, I., additional, Hamano, T., additional, Nakano, C., additional, Yonemoto, S., additional, Okuno, A., additional, Katayama, M., additional, Isaka, Y., additional, Nordio, M., additional, Limido, A., additional, Postorino, M., additional, Nichelatti, M., additional, Khil, M., additional, Dudar, I., additional, Khil, V., additional, Shifris, I., additional, Momtaz, M., additional, Soliman, A. R., additional, El Lawindi, M. I., additional, Dzekova-Vidimliski, P., additional, Pavleska-Kuzmanovska, S., additional, Nikolov, I., additional, Selim, G., additional, Shoji, T., additional, Kakiya, R., additional, Tatsumi-Shimomura, N., additional, Tsujimoto, Y., additional, Tabata, T., additional, Shima, H., additional, Mori, K., additional, Fukumoto, S., additional, Tahara, H., additional, Koyama, H., additional, Emoto, M., additional, Ishimura, E., additional, Nishizawa, Y., additional, and Inaba, M., additional
Published: 2012
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23. Primary and secondary glomerulonephritis II

Author: Valdivia Vega, R. P., primary, Perez Carlos, J., additional, LI, X., additional, Xu, X., additional, Zhang, W., additional, Ren, H., additional, Chen, N., additional, Yorioka, N., additional, Doi, T., additional, Hirashio, S., additional, Arita, M., additional, Hirabayashi, A., additional, Tilkiyan, E., additional, Chonova, E., additional, Ronchev, Y., additional, Kumchev, E., additional, Giamalis, P., additional, Spartalis, M., additional, Stangou, M., additional, Tsouchnikas, I., additional, Moysiades, D., additional, Dimopoulou, D., additional, Garyfalos, A., additional, Efstratiadis, G., additional, Memmos, D., additional, Schonermarck, U., additional, Eichhorn, P., additional, Sitter, T., additional, Wendler, T., additional, Vielhauer, V., additional, Lederer, S., additional, Fechner, K., additional, Fischereder, M., additional, Bantis, C., additional, Heering, P., additional, Kouri, N.-M., additional, Schwandt, C., additional, Kuhr, N., additional, Ivens, K., additional, Rump, L.-C., additional, Matta, V., additional, Melis, P., additional, Conti, M., additional, Cao, R., additional, Binda, V., additional, Altieri, P., additional, Asunis, A. M., additional, Catani, W., additional, Floris, M., additional, Angioi, A., additional, Congia, M., additional, Cucca, F., additional, Minerba, L., additional, Peri, M., additional, Pani, A., additional, Beck, L. H., additional, Fervenza, F. C., additional, Bomback, A. S., additional, Ayalon, R., additional, Irazabal, M. V., additional, Eirin, A., additional, Cattran, D. C., additional, Appel, G. B., additional, Salant, D. J., additional, Santoro, D., additional, Postorino, A., additional, Costantino, G., additional, Bellinghieri, G., additional, Savica, V., additional, Weiner, M., additional, Goh, S. M., additional, Mohammad, A., additional, Eriksson, P., additional, Westman, K., additional, Selga, D., additional, Salama, A., additional, Segelmark, M., additional, Chocova, Z., additional, Hruskova, Z., additional, Mareckova, H., additional, Svobodova, B., additional, Jancova, E., additional, Bednarova, V., additional, Rysava, R., additional, Tesar, V., additional, Hanzal, V., additional, Zamboch, K., additional, Grussmannova, M., additional, Svojanovsky, J., additional, Klaboch, J., additional, Kubisova, M., additional, Sevcik, J., additional, Olsanska, R., additional, Sobotkova, M., additional, Becvar, R., additional, Nemec, P., additional, Kodeda, M., additional, Jilek, D., additional, Hussain, M., additional, Dhaygude, A., additional, Cartery, C., additional, Huart, A., additional, Plaisier, E., additional, Bongard, V., additional, Montastruc, F., additional, Ronco, P., additional, Pourrat, J., additional, Chauveau, D., additional, Prasad, N., additional, Gurjar, D., additional, Bhadauria, D., additional, Sharma, R. K., additional, Gupta, A., additional, Kaul, A., additional, Jain, M., additional, Venning, M., additional, Brown, N., additional, Bruce, I., additional, Noor, S., additional, Bekker, P., additional, Potarca, A., additional, Dairaghi, D., additional, Miao, S., additional, Powers, J. P., additional, Jaen, J. C., additional, Schall, T. J., additional, Kalavrizioti, D., additional, Gerolymos, M., additional, Komninakis, D., additional, Rodi, M., additional, Mouzaki, A., additional, Kalliakmani, P., additional, Goumenos, D., additional, Choi, B. S., additional, Park, C. W., additional, Kim, Y.-S., additional, Yang, C. W., additional, Sun, I. O., additional, Qin, W., additional, Xie, L., additional, Tan, C., additional, Mian, W., additional, Fu, P., additional, Kaminskyy, V., additional, Hao, X., additional, Wang, W., additional, Cengiz, C., additional, Nur, C., additional, Nurdan, Y., additional, Selman, G., additional, Pinar, T., additional, Mehmet, T., additional, Lale, S., additional, Caliskan, S., additional, Shinzawa, M., additional, Yamamoto, R., additional, Nagasawa, Y., additional, Oseto, S., additional, Mori, D., additional, Niihata, K., additional, Fukunaga, M., additional, Yamauchi, A., additional, Tsubakihara, Y., additional, Rakugi, H., additional, Isaka, Y., additional, Chen, J.-S., additional, Lin, Y.-F., additional, Lin, W.-Y., additional, Shu, K.-H., additional, Chen, H.-H., additional, Wu, C.-J., additional, Yang, C.-S., additional, Tseng, T.-L., additional, Zaza, G., additional, Bernich, P., additional, Lupo, A., additional, Panizo, N., additional, Rivera, F., additional, Lopez Gomez, J. M., additional, Regn, S. R. o. G., additional, Ceresini, G., additional, Vaglio, A., additional, Urban, M. L., additional, Corradi, D., additional, Usberti, E., additional, Palmisano, A., additional, Buzio, C., additional, Zineb, H., additional, Ramdani, B., additional, Marques, L. P. J., additional, Rioja, L. D. S., additional, Rocco, R., additional, Nery, A. C. F., additional, Novaes, B. C., additional, Bridoux, F., additional, Sicard, A., additional, Labatut, D., additional, Touchard, G., additional, Sarkozy, C., additional, Vanhille, P., additional, Callard, P., additional, Essig, M., additional, Provot, F., additional, Nony, A., additional, Karras, A., additional, Agustin, C. P., additional, M Belen, H. R., additional, Carmen, C. P., additional, Eliana, O., additional, Elisa, P., additional, Luis, P., additional, Alberto, M.-C., additional, Javier, N., additional, Isabel, F., additional, Atzeni, A., additional, Fois, A., additional, Piras, D., additional, Maxia, S., additional, Sau, G., additional, Pili, G., additional, Porcu, M., additional, Derudas, D., additional, Angelucci, E., additional, Ledda, A., additional, La Nasa, G., additional, Ossareh, S., additional, Asgari, M., additional, Savaj, S., additional, Ataipour, Y., additional, Abdi, E., additional, Malakoutian, T., additional, Rajaa, R., additional, Berkchi, F. Z., additional, Haffane, L., additional, Squalli, Z., additional, Rouass, L., additional, Al Hamany, Z., additional, Ezzaitouni, F., additional, Benamar, L., additional, Bayahya, R., additional, Ouzeddoun, N., additional, Gao-Yuan, H., additional, Yao, X., additional, Xin, C., additional, Zhen, C., additional, Yong-Chun, G., additional, Qing-Wen, W., additional, Hui-Ping, C., additional, Da-XI, J., additional, De-Hua, G., additional, Wei-Xin, H., additional, Zhi-Hong, L., additional, Fatima Zahra, B., additional, Laila, H., additional, Zoubair, S., additional, Naima, O., additional, Smykal-Jankowiak, K., additional, Niemir, Z., additional, Polcyn-Adamczak, M., additional, Szramka-Pawlak, B., additional, Zaba, R., additional, Zhang, C., additional, MA, Y., additional, Shen, P., additional, Ouyang, Y., additional, Pan, X., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Feng, X., additional, and Ni, L., additional
Published: 2012
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24. Peritoneal Catheter Exit-Site Infections: Predisposing Factors, Prevention and Treatment

Author: Thodis, E., primary, Passadakis, P., additional, Ossareh, S., additional, Panagoutsos, S., additional, Vargemezis, V., additional, and Oreopoulos, D.G., additional
Published: 2003
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25. Lymphoma—the most common neoplasia in renal transplant recipients

Author: Ghods, A.J, primary and Ossareh, S, additional
Published: 2000
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26. Spousal renal transplantation—single-center experience

Author: Ossareh, S, primary and Ghods, A.J, additional
Published: 1999
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27. Results of second renal transplants

Author: Ossareh, S, primary and Ghods, A.J, additional
Published: 1999
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28. A 22-year-old woman with hypertension and hypokalemia due to a juxtaglomerular cell tumor.

Author: Ossareh S, Shooshtarizadeh T, and Shadpour P
Abstract: Secondary hypertension is responsible for less than 10% of cases of hypertension. If associated with hypokalemia, it may be due to primary or secondary hyperaldostronism, the latter being rarely caused by renin-secreting tumors. We present a 22-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and repeated hypokalemia, who was finally diagnosed with a small renin-secreting tumor after extensive paraclinical workup and imaging studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011

29. Epidemiology of culture-negative peritonitis in Iranian patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Author: Najafi I, Ossareh S, Hosseini M, Ganji MR, Naghibi M, Makhdoomi K, Ardalan MR, Nouri-Majalan N, Azmandian J, Sanadgol H, Seirafian S, and Atabak S
Abstract: Introduction. Culture-negative peritonitis is a major challenge in the treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This study aimed to evaluate the culture-negative peritonitis in patients from the Iranian CAPD Registry. Materials and Methods. Data of 1472 patients from 26 CAPD centers were analysed. Peritonitis was defined as any clinical suspicion together with peritoneal leukocyte count of 100/mL and more. Results. The patients had been on PD for a mean of 500 ± 402 days. There were a total of 660 episodes of peritonitis observed among 299 patients (peritonitis rate of 1 episode in 34.1 patient-months). Excluding patients with both negative and positive culture results, there were 391 episodes of peritonitis in 220 patients (174 culture-positive episodes in 97 patients and 217 culture-negative episodes in 123). The 1- to 4-year patient survival rates were 85%, 75%, 69%, and 59% for the patients with culture-positive peritonitis, and 92%, 78%, 73% and 63% for the patients with culture-negative peritonitis, respectively (P = .34). The technique survival rates were 90%, 57%, 42%, and 27% and 95%, 85%, 74%, and 40%, respectively (P = .001). On follow-up, there were higher rates of active PD patients, lower rates of PD dropouts, and higher rates of kidney transplantation in patients with culture-negative peritonitis compared to those with culture-positive peritonitis. Conclusions. In our patients, the prevalence of culture-negative peritonitis was high (55.9%). Patient survival with culture-negative peritonitis was comparable to those with culture-positive peritonitis and technique survival was higher among those with culture-negative peritonitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011

30. Carotid intima-media thickness in maintenance hemodialysis patients: role of cardiovascular risk factor.

Author: Ossareh S, Alaei A, Saedi D, Ossareh, Shahrzad, Alaei, Anoosha, and Saedi, Daryoush
Abstract: Introduction: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been introduced as a cardiovascular disease predictor which may increase in hamodialysis patients. As there are many risk factors in the uremic state that theoretically lead to increase in CIMT, this study was aimed to determine risk factors of CIMT increase in a group of hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 61.3 ± 15.0 years and 49 individuals with no history of chronic disease (control group) underwent ultrasonography for measurement of CIMT. Correlation of demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors with CIMT was studied. Carotid intima-media thickness was measured by one radiologist in the bilateral common carotid artery, and the mean value of the two sides was reported. Results: The mean duration on dialysis was 82.4 ± 78.0 months. The mean CIMT was 0.96 ± 0.25 mm (range, 0.4 to 1.7 mm) in hemodialysis patients and 0.76 ± 0.06 mm (range, 0.58 to 0.91 mm) in the control group (P < .001). The mean CIMT was significantly higher in men compared to women on dialysis and in diabetic compared to nondiabetics patients. There was a positive correlation between CIMT and age (r = 0.266, P = .02) and serum cholesterol (r = 0.375, P = .002). No correlation was found between CIMT and other studied variables. Conclusions: Carotid intima-media thickness was greater in hemodialysis patients compared to the control group. It was mainly affected by traditional cardiovascular risk factors and uremic risk factors did not specifically affect CIMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011

31. Different doses of oral folic Acid for homocysteine-lowering therapy in patients on hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: Ossareh S, Shayan-Moghaddam H, and Farrokhi F
Abstract: INTRODUCTION. We compared the effect of higher and lower doses of folic acid compared to our routine daily dose on plasma homocysteine levels, in our hemodialysis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Eighty patients on hemodialysis receiving oral folic acid, 10 mg/d, were randomized to receive folic acid at either doses of 5 mg/d (group 1) or 15 mg/d (group 2) for 2 months. Plasma levels of total homocysteine were measured before and after the study period. Results. Hyperhomocysteinemia was seen in 75 patients (93.8%) before, and in 37 patients of group 1 (92.5%) and 39 of group 2 (97.5%) after the study period. In group 1, a nonsignificant decrease occurred in plasma homocysteine level (29.67 +/- 12.26 [for symbol see text] mol/L to 27.78 +/- 9.94 [for symbol see text] mol/L, P = .30), while in group 2, there was a significant decrease in homocysteine level (32.40 +/- 9.76 [for symbol see text] mol/L to 29.58 +/- 9.62 [for symbol see text] mol/L, P = .01). Changes in homocysteine level correlated with its baseline level (r = -0.42, P < .001). In both groups, significant reductions in homocysteine level were seen mostly in those patients with high baseline homocysteines. CONCLUSIONS. Routine folic acid supplementation of 10 mg/d could not normalize plasma homocysteine levels in most of our patients. Increasing folic acid dose made a statistically significant but clinically trivial decrease in homocysteine levels, and could not normalize homocysteine level in most patients. Patients with a higher baseline homocysteine level achieved a greater reduction, which may be explained by primary noncompliance of some patient. Further investigation of folic acid dosage is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2009

32. PDpoietin in comparison with Eprex in treatment of anemic patients on hemodialysis.

Author: Argani H, Ossareh S, Tabiban S, Ganji MR, Nafar M, Abdi E, Alipour Abedi B, Argani, Hassan, Ossareh, Shahrzad, Tabiban, Samira, Ganji, Mohammad Reza, Nafar, Mohsen, Abdi, Ezzatollah, and Alipour Abedi, Behrang
Abstract: Introduction: PDpoietin is a recombinant erythropoietin alfa that has been introduced by a manufacturer in Iran. We assessed the effectiveness and complications of PDpoietin in comparison with Eprex in anemic patients on hemodialysis.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed in a multicenter setting. Patients with a hemoglobin level less than 12 g/dL were assigned into 2 groups in order to receive either Eprex (Janssen Cilag) or PDpoietin (Pooyesh Darou) for 3 months.Results: Forty-one and 34 patients completed the study in the PDpoietin and Eprex groups, respectively. The mean hemoglobin levels at baseline were not significantly different between the two groups of patients with PDpoietin and Eprex. In both groups, hemoglobin levels increased significantly, but there were no significant differences between the two groups at months 1, 2, and 3. At the end of the study, the mean hemoglobin levels reached 11.6 +/- 1.7 g/dL and 11.8 +/- 1.9 g/dL, respectively (P = .002; P = .01). The mean hemoglobin per cumulative of drug dose index (hemoglobin/[erythropoietin dose/1000 x injections per month]) was not significantly different between the two groups at different treatment stages, and it did not change significantly in each group during the course of the study. No serious complications were reported.Conclusions: Eprex and PDpoietin could equally increase the hemoglobin levels with no significant complication. Therefore, PD can be used for treatment of anemia in patients on dialysis, and the patients will have the advantages of its availability and low price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2009

33. Epidemiology of Culture-Negative Peritonitis in Iranian Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Author: Najafi I, Ossareh S, Hosseini M, Ganji MR, Naghibi M, Khadijeh Makhdoomi, Ardalan MR, Nouri-Majalan N, Azmandian J, Sanadgol H, Seirafian S, and Atabak S

34. BK viremia among Iranian Renal transplant candidates

Author: Jozpanahi, M., Ramezani, A., Ossareh, S., Banifazl, M., Bavand, A., Mamishi, S., and Arezoo Aghakhani
Subjects: bk virus (bkv), viruses, prevalence, Pathology, virus diseases, RB1-214, Original Article, renal transplant candidates, urologic and male genital diseases
Abstract: Background: Primary infection with BK virus (BKV) is occurred during childhood and usually asymptomatic, but after initial infection, BKV may persist lifelong in the kidney and genitourinary tract. Reactivation may occur in individuals with compromised immunity such as renal transplant recipients. Due to the role of BKV in BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) and potentially renal allograft rejection, the detection of BKV in renal transplant candidates is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of BK viremia in end stage renal disease cases who were candidates for renal transplantation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 cases with end stage renal disease who were candidates for renal transplantation were recruited from the main dialysis unit in Tehran, Iran. Presence of BK viremia was determined in plasma samples of cases using real time PCR. Results: A total of 50 renal transplant candidates with mean age 37.8±13 yr were enrolled in the study. Fifty two percent of subjects were male. Forty six (92%) of them were under HD and 4 (8%) were on PD. BK virus was not detected in any plasma samples of renal transplant candidates. Conclusion: This study showed absence of BK viremia in our renal transplant candidates. However, due to the important role of BKV in BKVAN and renal graft failure and rejection, further studies involving larger number of cases are required to elucidate the rate of the BKV in renal transplant candidates. How to cite this article: Jozpanahi M, Ramezani A, Ossareh S, Banifazl M, Bavand A, Mamishi S, et al. BK Viremia among Iranian Renal Transplant Candidates. Iran J Pathol. 2016; 11(3):210-5.

35. Case of IgG4-related Disease with Crescentic Glomerulonephritis: An Unusual Presentation of the Disease.

Author: Ghaffari A, Mehrazma M, and Ossareh S
Subjects: Humans, Male, Lymph Nodes pathology, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Acute Kidney Injury etiology, Acute Kidney Injury immunology, Kidney pathology, Biopsy, Immunoglobulin G blood, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Lymphadenopathy etiology, Plasma Cells immunology, Plasma Cells pathology, Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease complications, Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease drug therapy, Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease diagnosis, Glomerulonephritis immunology, Glomerulonephritis drug therapy, Glomerulonephritis diagnosis, Glomerulonephritis pathology, Cyclophosphamide therapeutic use
Abstract: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease, characterized by tissue infiltration of lymphocytes and IgG4-secreting plasma cells, presenting by fibrosis of different tissues, which is usually responsive only to oral steroids therapy. Kidneys are the most commonly involved organs, exhibiting renal insufficiency, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis. Here, we describe a patient with acute renal insufficiency who was presented with edema, weakness, anemia and multiple lymphadenopathies. Kidney and lymph node biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis in kidneys and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in lymph nodes. After a course of treatment with an intravenous pulse of corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide, the patient's symptoms subsided, and kidney function improved. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7788.
Published: 2024
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36. The Outcome of Pauci-immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis and Its Prognostic Factors; A single Center Case Series.

Author: Najafi N, Ossareh S, Mehrazma M, and Vahedi M
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Adolescent, Female, Prognosis, Kidney pathology, Kidney Glomerulus pathology, Acute Disease, Cyclophosphamide therapeutic use, Biopsy adverse effects, Glomerulonephritis drug therapy, Kidney Failure, Chronic complications, Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative
Abstract: Introduction: Pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) is the most common cause of rapidly progressive GN in adults. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of patients with pauci-immune crescentic GN and risk factors of the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in these patients., Methods: This case series study was carried on 120 patients with pauci-immune crescentic GN biopsied in our center betwen 1998 and 2016. Inclusion criteria were age > 16 years, at least one crescentic glomerulus, maximally 1+ deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components at fluorescent microscopy, and at least 6 months follow-up. The main outcomes were ESKD and death., Results: The study population included 120 patients with pauciimmune crescentic GN (mean age was 47 ± 17 years and 49.1% male). There was no significant difference in outcome between patients with diffuse or focal crescentic GN. Seventy-two patients (60%) developed ESKD and 31 patients (25.8%) died. The need for dialysis at admission, lower baseline hemoglobin and GFR and GFR at four months and high percentage of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis had a significant relationship with low kidney survival (P < .05). The rate of ESKD was higher in patients who did not receive cyclophosphamide therapy, due to focal crescentic GN or high chronicity, compared to patients who received it (70.7 vs. 28.5%, P < .001)., Conclusion: In our study, a high percentage of patients with pauciimmune crescentic GN developed ESKD. Low first GFR and high chronicity in biopsy were associated with lower kidney survival. Failure to administer cyclophosphamide in seemingly limited or advanced cases, together with late referral may have led to poor prognosis. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7545.
Published: 2024

37. Long-term Outcomes in Patients with Membranous Nephropathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Iran.

Author: Hoseini SM, Najafi N, Mehrazma M, Chegini R, Rahimi M, Vahedi M, and Ossareh S
Subjects: Humans, Retrospective Studies, Iran epidemiology, Disease Progression, Kidney, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Glomerulonephritis, Membranous complications, Glomerulonephritis, Membranous pathology, Renal Insufficiency
Abstract: Introduction: Membranous nephropathy (MN) has variable clinical outcomes, ranging from spontaneous remission to slow progression to kidney failure. Since the clinical outcomes of MN have not been studied in a large sample size in Iran, this study was designed to evaluate the outcome of patients diagnosed with MN at Hasheminejad Kidney Center (HKC), Tehran., Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 1086 patients with a diagnosis of MN who were biopsied between 1998 and 2018 in HKC were evaluated through a review of medical records for baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics at the time of biopsy and through a review of follow-up charts and phone calls for the evaluation of clinical outcomes. Of these patients, 551 could be followed for clinical outcomes. The composite outcome included kidney loss (hemodialysis, transplantation, or death). The effect of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and pathological variables on kidney survival was determined by the Cox-regression model using SPSS-16 software at a significance level of .05., Results: Sex (P < .05), higher weight (P < .05), older age (P < .001), hypertension (P < .001), higher baseline proteinuria and lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the onset of the disease were associated with kidney failure (P < .001). A higher percentage of interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, global sclerosis, and a higher pathological class of membranous nephropathy were significantly associated with disease outcome in the univariate Cox-regression analysis (P < .001). Kidney survival rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 86%, 74%, and 56%; respectively., Conclusion: Our study suggests that baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory factors affect kidney outcomes. Patients who are considered high-risk based on the criteria listed above may need to be candidates for more aggressive therapy. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7373.
Published: 2023

38. Relationship Between Malnutrition Inflammation Score and Dietary Fat Quality Indices with Cardiovascular Diseases in Hemodialysis Patients.

Author: Mirali Z, Majdizadeh G, Baghbani M, Ossareh S, Dalili N, and Movahedi A
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Nutritional Status, Dietary Fats adverse effects, Iran epidemiology, Inflammation etiology, Renal Dialysis adverse effects, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Cardiovascular Diseases complications, Malnutrition etiology, Malnutrition complications, Kidney Failure, Chronic complications, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Heart Diseases complications
Abstract: Introductions: Malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis is an independent risk factor and the most significant cause of death in dialysis patients, accounting for about 50% of deaths in the population. Moreover, the high incidence of cardiovascular-induced mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease cannot be fully attributed to cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors only. Studies suggest that risk factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation, bone disorders, vascular stiffness, and energy protein loss are closely related to CVD and its associated mortality in these patients. Moreover, dietary fat is a crucial factor in CVD. This study focused on determining the relationship between malnutrition-inflammation and fat quality indicators among CKD patients., Methods: This study was conducted on 121 hemodialysis patients aged 20 to 80 years in a teaching hospital affiliated to Hashminejad kidney center in Tehran, Iran during 2020 to 2021. Data on general characteristics and anthropometric indices were collected. The malnutrition-inflammation score was assessed by using MIS and DMS questionnaires and dietary intake was measured by a 24-hour recall questionnaire., Results: Out of 121 hemodialysis patients participating in the study, 57.3% were male and 42.7% were female. Anthropometric demographic characteristics showed no significant difference among diverse groups with heart disease (P > .05). There was no significant relationship between malnutrition-inflammation and heart disease indices in hemodialysis patients (P > .05). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the dietary fat quality index and heart disease (P > .05)., Conclusion: In this study, there was no significant relationship between the malnutrition-inflammation index and the dietary fat quality index with cardiac disease in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are needed to have a tangible conclusion. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7280.
Published: 2023

39. Prevalence and Prognosis of Post-transplant Glomerulonephritis in Kidney Transplant Biopsies, A Single- Center Report.

Author: Jafari R, Mehrazma M, Vahedi M, and Ossareh S
Subjects: Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Biopsy, Creatinine, Graft Survival, Prevalence, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Glomerulonephritis complications, Glomerulonephritis, IGA complications, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental complications, Kidney Transplantation adverse effects
Abstract: Introduction: Recurrence of glomerulonephritis (GN) after kidney transplant (Tx) may be associated with allograft loss. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and prognosis of de novo or recurrent post-Tx GN., Methods: We reviewed 1305 kidney Tx biopsy samples obtained between 2006 and 2020. The biopsy specimens were divided into post-Tx GN (recurrent or de novo) and control groups (i.e., no detectable GN in biopsy). Demographic and baseline characteristics of the patients and kidney survival rates were analyzed., Results: From 1305 kidney transplanted biopsies, 350 repeated biopsies for transplant rejection were excluded. Among 955 analyzed biopsies, (mean age: 40.4 ± 13.48 years, mean transplantation duration: 4.54 ± 3.98 years, 74.6% males), the frequency of GN was 10.78%. The most common recurrent post-Tx GN was IgA nephropathy (22.3%), followed by secondary focal segmental glomerulonephritis (FSGS, 19.4%), primary FSGS (19.4%), and membranous glomerulonephritis (17.5%). In the post-Tx GN group, the mean serum creatinine and proteinuria were 3.28 ± 1.97 mg/dL and 2730 ± 1244 mg/d at the biopsy time and 4.14 ± 1.86 mg/dL and 2020 ± 1048 mg/d, at the end of the study. There was a significant relationship between baseline serum creatinine and graft loss (P < .001). One-, five-, and ten-year graft survival rates were 97%, 81%, and 63% in the postTx GN, and 100%, 92%, and 59% in the control group. The median time to graft loss after biopsy, (graft survival after biopsy), was significantly lower in the post-Tx GN group (P < .000). The other accompanying factors had no significant impact on graft survival., Conclusion: The median time to graft loss after biopsy was significantly lower in post-Tx GN. Baseline serum creatinine had a significant association with graft loss. Optimal management of recurrent or de novo GN should be a main focus of post-transplant care. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7205.
Published: 2023

40. National health policies and strategies for addressing chronic kidney disease: Data from the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas.

Author: Neuen BL, Bello AK, Levin A, Lunney M, Osman MA, Ye F, Ashuntantang GE, Bellorin-Font E, Gharbi MB, Davison S, Ghnaimat M, Harden P, Jha V, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kerr PG, Klarenbach S, Kovesdy CP, Luyckx V, Ossareh S, Perl J, Rashid HU, Rondeau E, See EJ, Saad S, Sola L, Tchokhonelidze I, Tesar V, Tungsanga K, Kazancioglu RT, Wang AY, Yang CW, Zemchenkov A, Zhao MH, Jager KJ, Caskey FJ, Perkovic V, Jindal KK, Okpechi IG, Tonelli M, Feehally J, Harris DC, and Johnson DW
Abstract: National strategies for addressing chronic kidney disease (CKD) are crucial to improving kidney health. We sought to describe country-level variations in non-communicable disease (NCD) strategies and CKD-specific policies across different regions and income levels worldwide. The International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas (GKHA) was a multinational cross-sectional survey conducted between July and October 2018. Responses from key opinion leaders in each country regarding national NCD strategies, the presence and scope of CKD-specific policies, and government recognition of CKD as a health priority were described overall and according to region and income level. 160 countries participated in the GKHA survey, comprising 97.8% of the world's population. Seventy-four (47%) countries had an established national NCD strategy, and 53 (34%) countries reported the existence of CKD-specific policies, with substantial variation across regions and income levels. Where CKD-specific policies existed, non-dialysis CKD care was variably addressed. 79 (51%) countries identified government recognition of CKD as a health priority. Low- and low-middle income countries were less likely to have strategies and policies for addressing CKD and have governments which recognise it as a health priority. The existence of CKD-specific policies, and a national NCD strategy more broadly, varied substantially across different regions around the world but was overall suboptimal, with major discrepancies between the burden of CKD in many countries and governmental recognition of CKD as a health priority. Greater recognition of CKD within national health policy is critical to improving kidney healthcare globally., Competing Interests: Outside the submitted work, BLN has received fees for advisory boards, scientific presentations, steering committee roles and travel support from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer and Ingelheim, and Janssen with all honoraria paid to his institution; AL and serves as a scientific advisor to Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); is on the data safety and monitoring board for the NIDDK, Kidney Precision Medicine, University of Washington Kidney Research Institute Scientific Advisory Committee; is funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research and Kidney Foundation of Canada; PH reports grants from Chiesi Pharmaceuticals; VJ has research grants from Baxter, GSK and reports Consultancy and Advisory Board honoraria from Baxter Healthcare, and AstraZeneca; KK-Z has received honoraria and/or support from Abbott, Abbvie, ACI Clinical (Cara Therapeutics), Akebia, Alexion, Amgen, Ardelyx, ASN (American Society of Nephrology), Astra-Zeneca, Aveo, BBraun, Chugai, Cytokinetics, Daiichi, DaVita, Fresenius, Genentech, GSK, Haymarket Media, Hofstra Medical School, IFKF (International Federation of Kidney Foundations), ISH (International Society of Hemodialysis), International Society of Renal Nutrition & Metabolism (ISRNM), JSDT (Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy), Hospira, Kabi, Keryx, Kissei, Novartis, Novo-Nordisk, OPKO, NIH (National Institutes of Health), NKF (National Kidney Foundations), Pfizer, Regulus, Relypsa, Resverlogix, Dr Schaer, Sandoz, Sanofi, Shire, VA (Veterans’ Affairs), Takeda, Vifor, UpToDate, ZS-Pharma; PGK reports conference attendance support from Amgen Australia and honorarium from Bayer Australia; SK is Director of the Real World Evidence Consortium that conducts investigator initiated industry funded projects (Allergan, Purdue, GSK, CSL, Lundbeck, NovoNordisk, Jansen, Bayer); CPK has received consulting fees from Abbott, Akebia, Astra-Zeneca, Bayer, Cara Therapeutics, CSL Behring, Rockwell and Vifor; JP reports grants and personal fees from Baxter Healthcare, Fresenius Medical Care, and Davita Healthcare partner; RTK reports personal fees from Baxter; AY-MW reports grants from Sanofi and Otsuka; MHZ has been a consultant or advisory committee member for GSK, AstraZeneca, Roche, and Bayer; KJJ reports personal fees from Fresenius Medical Care; VP has received fees for advisory boards, steering committee roles, or scientific presentations from AbbVie, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Baxter, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dimerix, Durect, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, Merck, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Pharmalink, Relypsa, Retrophin, Sanofi, Servier, Tricida, and Vifor. MT reports grants from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research during conduct of the study; DWJ has received consultancy fees, research grants, speaker’s honoraria and travel sponsorships from Baxter Healthcare and Fresenius Medical Care, consultancy fees from Astra Zeneca, Bayer, and AWAK, speaker’s honoraria from ONO and BI & Lilly, and travel sponsorships from Ono and Amgen. He is a current recipient of an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Leadership Investigator Grant., (Copyright: © 2023 Neuen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2023
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41. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing Revealed Novel Variants in the PKD1 and PKD2 Genes of Iranian Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Author: Hosseinpour M, Ardalani F, Mohseni M, Beheshtian M, Arzhangi S, Ossareh S, Najmabadi H, Nobakht A, Kahrizi K, and Broumand B
Subjects: Humans, DNA Mutational Analysis methods, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Iran, Mutation, TRPP Cation Channels genetics, Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant genetics, Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant diagnosis
Abstract: Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the common inherited disorders in humans, is characterized by the development and enlargement of renal cysts, often leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this study, Iranian ADPKD families were subjected to high-throughput DNA sequencing to find potential causative variants facilitating the way toward risk assessment and targeted therapy., Methods: Our protocol was based on the targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel previously developed in our center comprising 12 genes involved in PKD. This panel has been applied to investigate the genetic causes of 32 patients with a clinical suspicion of ADPKD., Results: We identified a total of 31 variants for 32 individuals, two of which were each detected in two individuals. Twenty-seven out of 31 detected variants were interpreted as pathogenic/likely pathogenic and the remaining 4 of uncertain significance with a molecular diagnostic success rate of 87.5%. Among these variants, 25 PKD1/2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were detected in 32 index patients (78.1%), and variants of uncertain significance in four individuals (12.5% in PKD1/2 ). The majority of variants was identified in PKD1 (74.2%). Autosomal recessive PKD was identified in one patient, indicating the similarities between recessive and dominant PKD. In concordance with earlier studies, this biallelic PKD1 variant, p.Arg3277Cys, leads to rapidly progressive and severe disease with very early-onset ADPKD., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that targeted gene panel sequencing is expected to be the method of choice to improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in PKD patients with heterogeneity in genetic background., (© 2022 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)
Published: 2022
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42. Global Estimates of Capacity for Kidney Transplantation in World Countries and Regions.

Author: Mudiayi D, Shojai S, Okpechi I, Christie EA, Wen K, Kamaleldin M, Elsadig Osman M, Lunney M, Prasad B, Osman MA, Ye F, Khan M, Htay H, Caskey F, Jindal KK, Klarenback S, Jha V, Rondeau E, Turan Kazancioglu R, Ossareh S, Jager KJ, Kovesdy CP, O'Connell PJ, Muller E, Olanrewaju T, Gill JS, Tonelli M, Harris DC, Levin A, Johnson DW, and Bello AK
Subjects: Developing Countries, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Quality of Life, Kidney Failure, Chronic epidemiology, Kidney Transplantation adverse effects
Abstract: Background: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the optimal treatment for kidney failure and is associated with better quality of life and survival relative to dialysis. However, knowledge of the current capacity of countries to deliver KT is limited. This study reports on findings from the 2018 International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas survey, specifically addressing the availability, accessibility, and quality of KT across countries and regions., Methods: Data were collected from published online sources, and a survey was administered online to key stakeholders. All country-level data were analyzed by International Society of Nephrology region and World Bank income classification., Results: Data were collected via a survey in 182 countries, of which 155 answered questions pertaining to KT. Of these, 74% stated that KT was available, with a median incidence of 14 per million population (range: 0.04-70) and median prevalence of 255 per million population (range: 3-693). Accessibility of KT varied widely; even within high-income countries, it was disproportionately lower for ethnic minorities. Universal health coverage of all KT treatment costs was available in 31%, and 57% had a KT registry., Conclusions: There are substantial variations in KT incidence, prevalence, availability, accessibility, and quality worldwide, with the lowest rates evident in low- and lower-middle income countries. Understanding these disparities will inform efforts to increase awareness and the adoption of practices that will ensure high-quality KT care is provided around the world., Competing Interests: D.W.J. has received consultancy fees, research grants, speaker’s honoraria, and travel sponsorships from Baxter Healthcare and Fresenius Medical Care; consultancy fees from Astra Zeneca and AWAK, speaker’s honoraria and travel sponsorships from ONO; and travel sponsorships from Amgen. He is a current recipient of an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Leadership Investigator Grant. V.J. has received grants, speaker honoraria, or consultancy fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Biocon, Baxter, Janssen, Medtronic, and NephroPlus. He has a policy of all funds being paid to his employer. A.K.B. has received consultancy fees from Janssen. The International Society of Nephrology provided administrative support for the design and implementation of the study and data collection activities. The authors were responsible for data management, analysis, and interpretation, as well as article preparation, review, and approval and the decision to submit the article for publication. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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43. The Added Value of Crescents on Oxford Classification Score in Risk Stratification of End-stage Kidney Disease in Patients with IgA Nephropathy.

Author: Ossareh S, Nazemzadeh N, Asgari M, Bagherzadegan H, and Afghahi H
Subjects: Adult, Female, Humans, Kidney, Male, Middle Aged, Proteinuria etiology, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, Glomerulonephritis, IGA complications, Kidney Failure, Chronic complications, Kidney Failure, Chronic etiology
Abstract: Introduction: Crescents (C) have been recently added to the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) consisting of mesangial hypercellularity (M), endocapillary hypercellularity (E), segmental sclerosis (S) and tubular atrophy/ interstitial fibrosis (T) (MEST). The aim of the study was to assess the added impact of crescents, on development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in IgAN patients Methods. On-hundred fifteen IgAN patients (76% male, mean age: 37 ± 13 years, mean serum creatinine: 4.0 ± 4.3 mg/dL, mean proteinuria: 3.4 ± 2.5 g/d) were followed for 43 ± 29 months. MEST score was defined according to Oxford classification (M0/M1, E0/ E1, S0/S1). To increase the power, T was defined as T0 ≤ 25% and T1 > 25%. Crescents were defined as C0, "absence" and C1 "at least one" crescent. In sensitivity analysis, the risk of ESKD was estimated at different cut-off levels of at least 10, 20, and 30% crescents., Results: Forty patients (35%) developed ESKD. Among those 14% with at least one crescent, 21 patients (46%) developed ESKD. In 11 patients with C ≥ 30%, 66% and among 57 patients with T1, 60% and in 27 patients with T1 + C1 74% developed ESKD. In adjusted model, only C ≥ 30% (HR = 3.15, 95% CI: 1.15 to 11.00; P = 0.027) and the presence of T1+ C1 (HR = 7.18, 95% CI: 1.90 to 27.10, P = 0.004) were associated with increased risk of ESKD. The median kidney survival was 78.0 months (95% CI: 70.5 to 85.6 months), in patients with T0 + C0 and 32.3 months (95% CI: 19.3 to 45.3 months) in patients with T1 + C1., Conclusion: In this study T ≥ 25%, and the presence of crescents ≥ 30%, were independently associated with increased risk of ESKD. This risk was strongly increased in the combined presence of at least one crescent and T1 ≥ 25%, that predicted a high ESKD rate. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.6685.
Published: 2022

44. Availability, coverage, and scope of health information systems for kidney care across world countries and regions.

Author: See EJ, Bello AK, Levin A, Lunney M, Osman MA, Ye F, Ashuntantang GE, Bellorin-Font E, Benghanem Gharbi M, Davison S, Ghnaimat M, Harden P, Htay H, Jha V, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kerr PG, Klarenbach S, Kovesdy CP, Luyckx V, Neuen B, O'Donoghue D, Ossareh S, Perl J, Rashid HU, Rondeau E, Syed S, Sola L, Tchokhonelidze I, Tesar V, Tungsanga K, Kazancioglu RT, Wang AY, Yang CW, Zemchenkov A, Zhao MH, Jager KJ, Caskey F, Perkovic V, Jindal KK, Okpechi IG, Tonelli M, Feehally J, Harris DC, and Johnson DW
Subjects: Cross-Sectional Studies, Developing Countries, Humans, Kidney, Health Information Systems, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic epidemiology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic therapy
Abstract: Background: Health information systems (HIS) are fundamental tools for the surveillance of health services, estimation of disease burden and prioritization of health resources. Several gaps in the availability of HIS for kidney disease were highlighted by the first iteration of the Global Kidney Health Atlas., Methods: As part of its second iteration, the International Society of Nephrology conducted a cross-sectional global survey between July and October 2018 to explore the coverage and scope of HIS for kidney disease, with a focus on kidney replacement therapy (KRT)., Results: Out of a total of 182 invited countries, 154 countries responded to questions on HIS (85% response rate). KRT registries were available in almost all high-income countries, but few low-income countries, while registries for non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) were rare. Registries in high-income countries tended to be national, in contrast to registries in low-income countries, which often operated at local or regional levels. Although cause of end-stage kidney disease, modality of KRT and source of kidney transplant donors were frequently reported, few countries collected data on patient-reported outcome measures and only half of low-income countries recorded process-based measures. Almost no countries had programs to detect AKI and practices to identify CKD-targeted individuals with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, rather than members of high-risk ethnic groups., Conclusions: These findings confirm significant heterogeneity in the global availability of HIS for kidney disease and highlight important gaps in their coverage and scope, especially in low-income countries and across the domains of AKI, non-dialysis CKD, patient-reported outcomes, process-based measures and quality indicators for KRT service delivery., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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45. Kidney Outcome in Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) by Using a Predictive Model.

Author: Ossareh S, Yahyaei M, Asgari M, Bagherzadegan H, and Afghahi H
Subjects: Adult, Female, Humans, Kidney, Male, Middle Aged, Proteinuria etiology, Young Adult, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental diagnosis, Kidney Failure, Chronic diagnosis, Kidney Failure, Chronic epidemiology, Kidney Failure, Chronic etiology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic diagnosis, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic epidemiology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic etiology
Abstract: Introduction: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the important causes of end stage kidney disease (ESKD). We evaluated the progression risk factors of primary FSGS to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or ESKD with a predictive model including clinical and histological predictors., Methods: 201 patients with primary FSGS (59% male, mean age: 38 ± 15 years), were studied. Time-dependent Cox model and C statistics were used for the predictive model. Interaction and correlation between independent variables were estimated., Results: During 55 ± 27 months of follow-up, 82 patients (41%) developed CKD (46) or ESKD (36) patients. In adjusted model, 1 unit of higher serum creatinine (SCr) at baseline (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.70) and 1% increase in glomeruli with segmental glomerulosclerosis (SGS) (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.04) or interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.05) increased the risk of CKD/ESKD. In adjusted model, higher baseline proteinuria and collapsing variant were not associated with risk of CKD/ESKD. By adding SGS and IF/TA scores to baseline SCr in the model, discrimination by C statistics was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77 to 0.90). Median renal survival was 3.1 years (95% CI: 2.2 to 4.1 years) in patients with highest risk score (baseline eGFR < 25 mL/min/1.73m2 + IF/TA/SGS > 50%), and 8.1 years (95% CI: 7.7 to 8.6 years).in those with lowest score (baseline eGFR > 75 mL/ min/1.73m2 + IF/TA/SGS < 5%)., Conclusion: In primary FSGS, higher baseline SCr, increased SGS and IF/TA, but not baseline proteinuria and collapsing pathology, were the predictors for CKD/ESKD. These findings indicated the importance of timely detection and referral in prognosis of primary FSGS. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.6442.
Published: 2021

46. Evaluation of Long-term Survival and Predictors of Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients by Using Time Dependent Variables, A Single Centre Cohort Analysis.

Author: Hashemi S, Vahedi M, and Ossareh S
Subjects: Cohort Studies, Humans, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Factors, Kidney Failure, Chronic diagnosis, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Renal Dialysis
Abstract: Introduction: Despite significant improvement in End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) patient's management, and better availability of dialysis for caregivers, mortality among these patients is unacceptably high., Methods: We collected the data of 751 incident hemodialysis patients from March 2004 to November 2018. Survival curves was created by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Comorbidities, as well as time-dependent values of laboratory findings, were examined as independent factors by three models of Cox regression analysis., Results: The median follow-up period was 31.7 months (1.08 to 169.28). Patient survival rates were 88%, 77%, 56%, 32%, 26% ,16% and 12%, at 1, 2, 4,6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 years of follow-up, respectively. The most common cause of mortality was cardiovascular disease. We observed lower survival rates in patients ≥ 65 years (HR = 2.684, 95% CI: 1.133 to 3.377; P < .001), diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.729, 95% CI: 1.484 to 2.014; P < .001) and walking disability (HR = 2.505; 95% CI: 2.104 to 2.983; P < .001). Low hemoglobin level (HR = 1.496; 95% CI: 1.257 to 1.779; P < .001), hyperphosphatemia (HR = 1.305, 95% CI: 1.104 to 1.542; P = 0.002) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HR = 1.933; 95% CI: 1.431 to 2.611; P < .001) were predictors of mortality. A single pool Kt/V > 1.2 (HR = 0.743, 95% CI: 0.635 to 0.870; P < .001) and high serum creatinine level (HR = 0.842, 95% CI: 0.811 to 0.874; P < .001) showed protective effects., Conclusion: Our study showed a high survival rate in a single center cohort of hemodialysis patients in Iran. Traditional risk factors of mortality in general population, as well as indices of dialysis efficacy and general health status were the main predictors of mortality. Nationwide registries are necessary to investigate the dialysis survival rates and their predictors in our country. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.6435.
Published: 2021

47. Current status of health systems financing and oversight for end-stage kidney disease care: a cross-sectional global survey.

Author: Yeung E, Bello AK, Levin A, Lunney M, Osman MA, Ye F, Ashuntantang G, Bellorin-Font E, Benghanem Gharbi M, Davison S, Ghnaimat M, Harden P, Jha V, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kerr P, Klarenbach S, Kovesdy C, Luyckx V, Neuen B, O'Donoghue D, Ossareh S, Perl J, Ur Rashid H, Rondeau E, See E, Saad S, Sola L, Tchokhonelidze I, Tesar V, Tungsanga K, Turan Kazancioglu R, Wang AY, Wiebe N, Yang CW, Zemchenkov A, Zhao M, Jager KJ, Caskey F, Perkovic V, Jindal K, Okpechi IG, Tonelli M, Feehally J, Harris DC, and Johnson D
Subjects: Cross-Sectional Studies, Developing Countries, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Renal Dialysis
Abstract: Objectives: The Global Kidney Health Atlas (GKHA) is a multinational, cross-sectional survey designed to assess the current capacity for kidney care across all world regions. The 2017 GKHA involved 125 countries and identified significant gaps in oversight, funding and infrastructure to support care for patients with kidney disease, especially in lower-middle-income countries. Here, we report results from the survey for the second iteration of the GKHA conducted in 2018, which included specific questions about health financing and oversight of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) care worldwide., Setting: A cross-sectional global survey., Participants: Key stakeholders from 182 countries were invited to participate. Of those, stakeholders from 160 countries participated and were included., Primary Outcomes: Primary outcomes included cost of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), funding for dialysis and transplantation, funding for conservative kidney management, extent of universal health coverage, out-of-pocket costs for KRT, within-country variability in ESKD care delivery and oversight systems for ESKD care. Outcomes were determined from a combination of desk research and input from key stakeholders in participating countries., Results: 160 countries (covering 98% of the world's population) responded to the survey. Economic factors were identified as the top barrier to optimal ESKD care in 99 countries (64%). Full public funding for KRT was more common than for conservative kidney management (43% vs 28%). Among countries that provided at least some public coverage for KRT, 75% covered all citizens. Within-country variation in ESKD care delivery was reported in 40% of countries. Oversight of ESKD care was present in all high-income countries but was absent in 13% of low-income, 3% of lower-middle-income, and 10% of upper-middle-income countries., Conclusion: Significant gaps and variability exist in the public funding and oversight of ESKD care in many countries, particularly for those in low-income and lower-middle-income countries., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2021
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48. The Clinical Course and Prognostic Factors of COVID-19 in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, A Study in Six Centers.

Author: Najafi N, Akbari R, Lotfi Z, Makhough A, Vahedi M, Asgharpour M, Ghorban Sabagh M, Marghoob B, Mirzaei Ilali N, Saddadi F, Shams Z, and Ossareh S
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Iran epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Acute Kidney Injury mortality, COVID-19 complications, COVID-19 mortality, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic mortality
Abstract: Introduction: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), has recently emerged as a great health challenge. The novel corona virus may affect the kidneys mainly as acute kidney injury (AKI). Also, the outcome of COVID-19 may be different in patients with underlying kidney disease. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of COVID-19 in patients with and without underlying kidney disease., Methods: This was a retrospective study on 659 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in six centers of Iran. Patients were classified into kidney (chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or kidney transplantation) and non-kidney groups. The clinical conditions and laboratory data were extracted from the charts. Outcome was defined as death during hospitalization or within 30 days of discharge., Results: Among 659 COVID-19 patients (mean age: 60.7 ± 16.4, 56% male), 208 were in the kidney group (86 ESKD, 35 kidney transplants, and 87 CKD patients). AKI occurred in 41.8%. Incidence of AKI was 34.7% in non-kidney, 74.7% in CKD, and 51.4% in kidney transplant patients (P < .001). Totally 178 patients (27%) died and mortality rate was significantly higher in CKD patients (50.6 vs. 23.4%, P < .001). AKI was associated with increased mortality rate (OR = 2.588, CI: 1.707 to 3.925). Initial glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 44.2 mL/min and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) had significant association with mortality., Conclusion: We showed a higher mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with AKI and CKD. Low initial GFR and elevated LDH and CRP were associated with high mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Published: 2021

49. International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in the Middle East.

Author: Amouzegar A, Abu-Alfa AK, Alrukhaimi MN, Bello AK, Ghnaimat MA, Johnson DW, Jha V, Harris DCH, Levin A, Tonelli M, Lunney M, Saad S, Khan M, Zaidi D, Osman MA, Ye F, Okpechi IG, and Ossareh S
Abstract: Kidney failure is the permanent impairment of kidney function associated with increased morbidity, hospitalization, and requirement for kidney replacement therapy. A total of 11 countries in the Middle East region (84.6%) responded to the survey. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the region ranged from 5.2% to 10.6%, whereas prevalence of treated kidney failure ranged from 152 to 826 per million population. Overall, the incidence of kidney transplantation was highest in Iran (30.9 per million population) and lowest in Oman and the United Arab Emirates (2.2 and 3.0 per million population, respectively). Long-term hemodialysis services were available in all countries, long-term peritoneal dialysis services were available in 9 (69.2%) countries, and transplantation services were available in most countries of the region. Public funding covered the costs of nondialysis chronic kidney disease care in two-thirds of countries, and kidney replacement therapy in nearly all countries. More than half of the countries had dialysis registries; however, national noncommunicable disease strategies were lacking in most countries. The Middle East is a region with high burden of kidney disease and needs cost-effective measures through effective health care funding to be available to improve kidney care in the region. Furthermore, well-designed and sustainable health information systems are needed in the region to address current gaps in kidney care in the region., (© 2021 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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50. Peritoneal Dialysis Use and Practice Patterns: An International Survey Study.

Author: Cho Y, Bello AK, Levin A, Lunney M, Osman MA, Ye F, Ashuntantang GE, Bellorin-Font E, Gharbi MB, Davison SN, Ghnaimat M, Harden P, Htay H, Jha V, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kerr PG, Klarenbach S, Kovesdy CP, Luyckx V, Neuen B, O'Donoghue D, Ossareh S, Perl J, Rashid HU, Rondeau E, See EJ, Saad S, Sola L, Tchokhonelidze I, Tesar V, Tungsanga K, Kazancioglu RT, Yee-Moon Wang A, Yang CW, Zemchenkov A, Zhao MH, Jager KJ, Caskey FJ, Jindal KK, Okpechi IG, Tonelli M, Harris DC, and Johnson DW
Subjects: Administrative Personnel, Cost Sharing, Costs and Cost Analysis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delivery of Health Care, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Health Expenditures, Health Policy, Humans, Nephrologists, Nephrology, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Physicians, Quality of Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Services Accessibility, Internationality, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Peritoneal Dialysis, Practice Patterns, Physicians'
Abstract: Rationale & Objective: Approximately 11% of people with kidney failure worldwide are treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study examined PD use and practice patterns across the globe., Study Design: A cross-sectional survey., Setting & Participants: Stakeholders including clinicians, policy makers, and patient representatives in 182 countries convened by the International Society of Nephrology between July and September 2018., Outcomes: PD use, availability, accessibility, affordability, delivery, and reporting of quality outcome measures., Analytical Approach: Descriptive statistics., Results: Responses were received from 88% (n=160) of countries and there were 313 participants (257 nephrologists [82%], 22 non-nephrologist physicians [7%], 6 other health professionals [2%], 17 administrators/policy makers/civil servants [5%], and 11 others [4%]). 85% (n=156) of countries responded to questions about PD. Median PD use was 38.1 per million population. PD was not available in 30 of the 156 (19%) countries responding to PD-related questions, particularly in countries in Africa (20/41) and low-income countries (15/22). In 69% of countries, PD was the initial dialysis modality for≤10% of patients with newly diagnosed kidney failure. Patients receiving PD were expected to pay 1% to 25% of treatment costs, and higher (>75%) copayments (out-of-pocket expenses incurred by patients) were more common in South Asia and low-income countries. Average exchange volumes were adequate (defined as 3-4 exchanges per day or the equivalent for automated PD) in 72% of countries. PD quality outcome monitoring and reporting were variable. Most countries did not measure patient-reported PD outcomes., Limitations: Low responses from policy makers; limited ability to provide more in-depth explanations underpinning outcomes from each country due to lack of granular data; lack of objective data., Conclusions: Large inter- and intraregional disparities exist in PD availability, accessibility, affordability, delivery, and reporting of quality outcome measures around the world, with the greatest gaps observed in Africa and South Asia., (Crown Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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