Search

Blast is a rice disease that affects all above-ground parts of the plant, such as nodes, stems, panicles, leaves, etc. Damage to these plant organs negatively affects the developmental stage, that is, the growing season of the plant. As a result, it is the reason for the formation of puny seeds and decreased productivity. The creation of lines and varieties resistant to blast disease is an urgent problem for all regions involved in rice growing. The reason is the rapid adaptation of the pathogen to environmental conditions, as well as to the immune defense of plants. This research includes results of crossing domestic highly productive zoned varieties with donor varieties of blast resistance genes. Three lines have been identified that carry the blast resistance gene Pi b in their genotype. To assess the productivity of the resulting lines, the elements of the crop structure were assessed and the preservation of productivity by the new lines was determined.

In this study, a nanocomposite based on kaolin from the Alekseevsky deposit (Kazakhstan), containing nano-silver particles, was synthesized. Kaolin has good physical and chemical properties and is an effective carrier for medicines. The synthesis of AgNPs/kaolin nanocomposites was carried out by chemical reduction. Impregnation of silver nanoparticles into silica matrix can prevent the agglomeration of mobile ions, and thereby preserve the antibacterial activity of the compound. The composition and structure of the resulting nanocomposite were studied using SEM/EDS analysis to study the morphology and elemental composition of natural and silver-modified kaolin, the specific surface was determined by the BET method, and functional groups were identified by IR spectroscopy. The resulting composite was tested for antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (E.Сoli, S. Aureus).

Abstract The increasing global emphasis on sustainable energy alternatives, driven by concerns about climate change, has resulted in a deeper examination of hydrogen as a viable and ecologically safe energy carrier. The review paper analyzes the recent advancements achieved in materials used for storing hydrogen in solid-state, focusing particularly on the improvements made in both physical and chemical storage techniques. Metal–organic frameworks and covalent-organic frameworks are characterized by their porous structures and large surface areas, making them appropriate for physical adsorption. Additionally, the conversation centers on metal hydrides and complex hydrides because of their ability to form chemical bonds (absorption) with hydrogen, leading to substantial storage capacities. The combination of materials that adsorb and absorb hydrogen could enhance the overall efficiency. Moreover, the review discusses recent research, analyzes key factors that influence performance, and discusses the difficulties and strategies for enhancing material efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The provided observations emphasize the critical significance of improved materials in facilitating the transition towards a hydrogen-based economy. Furthermore, it is crucial to highlight the necessity for additional study and development in this vital field.

Maintaining or increasing SOC concentration is fundamental for reducing the effects of global warming and increasing soil productivity. In this paper, a method based on Landsat 8 OLI products was developed for qualitatively monitoring in the Lake Valencia basin (Venezuela) the dynamic of SOC concentration between the years 2013 to 2018. The developed method uses the Green (B3), NIR (B5) and SW1 (B6) bands of Landsat 8 OLI sensor for detecting changes in the spectral signatures of bare soils that indicate possible variations in their concentrations of SOC. It was found that for the study period, the Lake Valencia basin soils do not present spectral features of significant variation in SOC concentration. An area of 8.61Km2 (0.3% of the study area) was identified as a zone with a possible reduction of SOC concentration. In case of insufficient data for developing remote sensing based predictive models, the proposed method allows qualitatively monitoring and categorizing the dynamic of SOC concentration and identifying areas with spectral features of a possible variation in SOC concentration.

The pandemic has made adjustments to the process of organizing teaching, and ways of organizing pedagogical interaction. In the distance educational process, an increasing place is taken by the organization of interactive communication between teachers and students. The purpose of this research is to study the features of the organization of distance education (using the example of teaching English) in the context of the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred and twelve undergraduates studying at Toraighyrov University filled out the questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of undergraduates believe that the existing instructions and the educational resources provided do not help or do not help enough to develop professional competencies. The majority of respondents indicated that they do not use or do not use enough smart-resources appropriate to their level of preparedness to improve the quality of education in the context of distance learning. These studies can be useful for adjusting educational programs for bachelor's and master's degrees to better meet the needs of students.

This study aimed at understanding the problems of training teachers who taught children with health disabilities. For this study, students from two universities located in Semey city of Republic of Kazakhstan participated. A few components like motivation, cognition, creativity, and activity, which fulfilled the conditions of inclusive education and were related to future teacher's readiness to work with students of disabilities, were defined and disclosed. Four levels of inclusive competence of students of pedagogical specialties were identified: low, average, above average, and high. In addition, the study also defined the requirements for future teachers working in the conditions of inclusive education. Eventually, a structural and content model of preparing future teacher-psychologist for professional adaptation in an inclusive educational environment was developed and tested. The model included the purpose, approaches, principles, and contained components: target, content, procedural, and evaluative-effective. In the course of experimental work, the effectiveness of the model of preparing future teachers to professional adaptation in inclusive education was proved. The results of the pedagogical experiment indicated the feasibility of introducing the proposed model of preparing a future teacher to professional adaptation in an inclusive education. The study suggests to implement the structural content model in real-life educational setting, to train the teachers preparing for inclusive education. Its implications are for educationists, administrators and teachers who are directly connected with inclusive education.

The article presents an analysis of an experimental work. The purpose of the article is to analyze the effect of special self-assessment instruction on the self-esteem level of primary school students with and without special needs. The study's participants were the students of inclusive classes of two state schools in Almaty (Kazakhstan). A total of 283 students participated in the study, 17 of whom were students with special educational needs (SEN), and 266--students without SEN. The study was conducted in the form of a quasi-experimental study. For the data analysis, the quantitative method of analysis was used. In analyzing the data, descriptive statistics (average value, standard deviation) as well as the non-parametric paired samples t-test and McNemar criterion tests were used. The study results showed a positive effect of self-assessment instruction on the students' level of self-esteem with and without SEN.

Colloidal quasi-two-dimensional cadmium chalcogenide nanoplatelets have attracted considerable interest due to their narrow excitonic emission and absorption bands, making them promising candidates for advanced optical applications. In this study, the synthesis of quasi-two-dimensional CdSe NPLs with a thickness of 3.5 monolayers was investigated to understand the effects of synthesis temperature on their stoichiometry, morphology, and optical properties. The NPLs were synthesized using a colloidal method with temperatures ranging from 170 °C to 210 °C and optimized precursor ratios. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis was employed to determine stoichiometry, while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the structural and optical characteristics. The results showed a strong correlation between increasing synthesis temperature and the enlargement of nanoscroll diameters, indicating dynamic growth. The best results in terms of uniformity, stoichiometry, and optical properties were achieved at a growth temperature of 200 °C. At this temperature, no additional optical bands associated with secondary populations or hetero-confinement were observed, indicating the high purity of the sample. Samples synthesized at lower temperatures exhibited deviations in stoichiometry and optical performance, suggesting the presence of residual organic compounds.

Colloidal cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoplatelets (NPLs) are promising materials for optoelectronic applications, such as photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes, due to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, controlling their growth, thickness, and stoichiometry remains challenging. This study explores the effect of synthesis temperature on the structural, optical, and stoichiometric properties of CdTe NPLs. CdTe NPLs were synthesized at temperatures of 170 °C, 180 °C, 190 °C, and 200 °C using colloidal methods. The resulting NPLs were characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) to assess their morphology, structure, and elemental composition. The results showed that the synthesis temperature significantly affected the NPL’s morphology and stoichiometry. Optimal stoichiometry was achieved at 180 °C and 190 °C, with the crystal structure transitioning from zinc blende at lower temperatures to wurtzite at higher temperatures. Optical properties, including luminescence intensity and emission peaks, also varied with temperature. The synthesis temperature is an important parameter in controlling the structural and optical properties of CdTe NPLs. The optimal conditions for obtaining NPLs with the best characteristics were identified at 190 °C, presenting important findings for further optimization of CdTe NPL synthesis for optoelectronic applications.

Natural science subjects have always been the most challenging for students in schools and universities. While the pandemic brought about a lot of new challenges, it also gave academics the chance to test out evaluation methodologies they had previously thought about but hadn't used in a relatively low-risk setting. The programmed learning approach is a teaching and learning pedagogy that creates better learning experiences. Therefore, this systematic literature review focuses on the impact of programmed instruction on the learning process. The analysis was made based on the PRISMA review methodology. Five databases were searched to find 33 articles about the benefits of programmed instruction in science education published between 1970 and 2022. In terms of research participants, the majority of the studies (14 studies) focused on undergraduate students, college students (5 studies), lecturers/teachers (3 studies), mixed (2 studies), and adults (1 study). Our systematic review found the following benefits of programmed learning: effective and fun teaching approaches, proven favourable impacts on behaviour change, increased scores for college and secondary school students, and raised students' interest.