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El presente artículo pretende identificar la influencia del contexto transfronterizo en las aspiraciones educativas de los estudiantes de educación media superior que radican en Tijuana, Baja California. Para este objetivo se estiman modelos de regresión de respuesta cualitativa que consideran variables de índole demográfica y socioeducativa, del ámbito migratorio, y relacionadas con el empeño, la motivación propia y el apoyo familiar. Se utilizan datos recopilados por el Mexican Migration Field Research Program. Se encontró que las expectativas son poco sensibles a las circunstancias migratorias y transfronterizas. En cambio, el nivel educativo de los padres, la dedicación al estudio, tener familiares cercanos estudiando y saber inglés son variables que sí parecen relevantes en la formación de las expectativas. Se concluye que los aspectos demográficos y socioeducativos, así como la dedicación propia y el apoyo familiar, determinan en mayor medida las aspiraciones de los jóvenes., This article aims to shed light on the impact of the cross-border context on educational aspirations of middle and high school students living in Tijuana, Baja California. For this purpose, qualitative response regression models are estimated considering variables of a demographic and socio-educational nature, of the migratory field and related to commitment, self-motivation, and family support. Data was collected by the Mexican Migration Field Research Program is used. We found that expectations are not very sensitive to migratory and cross-border circumstances. On the other hand, the educational level of the parents, dedication to study, have family members at the university and speak English, does seem relevant in the formation of expectations. We concluded that demographic and socio-educational factors, as well as their own effort, and family support determine to a greater extent the aspirations of the youth.

This paper aims to calculate and analyze the human capital returns of micro-enterprises on Mexico’s northern border by examining the education levels of the micro-entrepreneurs in charge of the production unit. Analyzing data from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment from 2010 to 2019, we estimated econometric cross-section models based on Mincer equations. The results suggest that elementary education is not sufficient to achieve high monetary income in micro-enterprises, even its rates are negative, generating losses systematically. The turning point starts in high school, where positive rates are beginning to be observed. However, it highlights that undergraduate and postgraduate education doubles their positive returns, although the number of business owners with this education level is lower., Este artículo tiene como objetivo calcular y analizar los rendimientos del capital humano de las microempresas en la frontera norte de México, al analizar el nivel de escolaridad alcanzado por el microempresario encargado de la unidad productiva. Analizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo del año 2010 al 2019, se estimaron modelos econométricos de corte transversal con base en ecuaciones de Mincer. Los resultados sugieren que niveles de educación básica no son suficientes para alcanzar ingresos monetarios altos de las microempresas, incluso sus tasas son negativas, generando pérdidas de manera sistemática. El punto de inflexión se encuentra a partir de la educación media superior, donde se comienzan a observar tasas positivas; sin embargo, resalta que la educación superior y posgrado incrementan al doble sus rendimientos positivos, aunque el número de propietarios con este nivel de estudios es menor.

The dynamism of entrepreneurship represents perhaps the most basic element for market economies, offering different productive and social benefits, whose scope depends on the conditions in how it is generated. Therefore, this research analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurial activity and some of the public behaviors in Mexico, where government access and openness, the perception of insecurity and the quality of public services represent the institutional variables of this study. Through the cross-s ectional method, the findings suggest that the quality of public services, government access and openness are significant institutional elements at the time of starting a business, while the perception of insecurity is not a statistically significant factor, what offers guidelines for its pertinent analysis., El dinamismo del emprendimiento representa quizá el elemento más básico para las economías de mercado, ofreciendo distintos beneficios productivos y sociales, cuyo alcance depende de las condiciones en cómo éste se genere. Por ello, esta investigación analiza la relación entre la actividad emprendedora y algunas de las conductas públicas de México, en donde el acceso y apertura gubernamental, la percepción de la inseguridad y la calidad de los servicios públicos representan las variables institucionales de este estudio. A través del método de corte transversal, los hallazgos sugieren que la calidad de los servicios públicos, el acceso y apertura gubernamental son elementos institucionales significativos al momento de iniciar un negocio en diversas regiones del país, mientras que la percepción de la inseguridad no resulta ser un factor estadísticamente significativo, lo que ofrece pautas para su pertinente análisis.

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir dois elementos para a análise do setor microempresarial: a necessidade de repensar o enquadramento teórico de referência para representar seu comportamento de concorrência e a pertinência de diferenciá-lo segundo sua natureza, localização e objetivos. Para isso, utiliza-se uma metodologia a partir de contrastes entre evidências empíricas e pressupostos essenciais da teoria da organização industrial, bem como a aplicação de instrumentos de medida do grau de concorrência estratégica e classificação microempresarial com base num modelo logístico de escolha discreta. Dessa forma, chegam-se a resultados que sugerem que o desempenho competitivo de um subsetor importante das microempresas possa ser associado com modelos de concorrência imperfeita, dando diretrizes para sua pertinente análise., El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir dos elementos para el análisis del sector microempresarial: la necesidad de replantear el marco teórico de referencia para representar su comportamiento competitivo y la pertinencia de diferenciarlas según su naturaleza, localización y objetivos. Para ello se utiliza una metodología a partir de contrastes entre evidencias empíricas y supuestos esenciales de la teoría de la organización industrial, así como la aplicación de instrumentos de medida del grado de competencia estratégica y clasificación microempresarial con base en un modelo de elección discreta logístico. De esta forma, se recaban resultados que sugieren que el desempeño competitivo de un subsector importante de las microempresas puede ser asociado a modelos de competencia imperfecta, dando pautas para su pertinente análisis., The objective of this paper is to discuss two elements necessary when analyzing the microenterprise sector: the need to rethink the theoretical frame of reference to represent its competitive behavior; and the relevance of differentiating them according to their nature, location and objectives. The methodology is based on contrasting empirical evidences and essential assumptions made by the industrial organization theory, as well as applying measuring instruments for the degree of strategic competence and microenterprise classification, based on a discrete logistic choice model. Results suggest that the competitive performance of an important subsector of microenterprises can be associated with models of imperfect competition, giving guidelines for their pertinent analysis.

[EN] This paper presents an experience of a service learning program in underprivileged Microenterprises. It shares the experience of Program for Research, Assistance and Teaching of Small Enterprises, an innovative model of assistance to deliver Business Development Services to low value added Microenterprises, including technical assistance and training with the participation of senior students, which act as advisers to the Microenterprises, implemented in the State of Baja California, Mexico, by The Autonomous University of Baja California. This program was propused as compensatory mechanism for the unemployment burden created by the low growth prospects. From 2009 to 2016, with about 1,500 students, the program has assisted, trained, and formalized in the tax institution about 11,300 individuals running microenterprises, which in addition, most of them have become subject to and has been given financial support by the goverment. The paper suggests that service learning programs with the participation of college students can play an important role both in supporting disadvantaged microenterprises and in providing meaningful learning experiences to students.