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Human and animal vector-borne diseases, particularly mosquito-borne diseases, are emerging or re-emerging worldwide. Six Aedes invasive mosquito (AIM) species were introduced to Europe since the 1970s: Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. koreicus, Ae. atropalpus and Ae. triseriatus. Here, we report the results of AIMSurv2020, the first pan-European surveillance effort for AIMs. Implemented by 42 volunteer teams from 24 countries. And presented in the form of a dataset named “AIMSurv Aedes Invasive Mosquito species harmonized surveillance in Europe. AIM-COST Action. Project ID: CA17108”. AIMSurv2020 harmonizes field surveillance methodologies for sampling different AIMs life stages, frequency and minimum length of sampling period, and data reporting. Data include minimum requirements for sample types and recommended requirements for those teams with more resources. Data are published as a Darwin Core archive in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility- Spain, comprising a core file with 19,130 records (EventID) and an occurrences file with 19,743 records (OccurrenceID). AIM species recorded in AIMSurv2020 were Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus and Ae. koreicus, as well as native mosquito species. This study was funded by the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy) under the project ‘Coordinated surveillance actions on invasive alien species and emerging vector borne diseases’; the City Health Office of the City of Zagreb, within the ‘Program for monitoring invasive mosquito species in the area of the City of Zagreb in 2020’; the Consejería de Economía e Infraestructura of the Junta de Extremadura and the European Regional Development Fund, a Way to Make Europe, through the research project IB16135; Dirección de Salud Pública (Gobierno Vasco), Project EU-LIFE 18 IPC/ES/000001 (Urban Klima 2050) y Programa Estatal de Vigilancia de mosquitos en puertos y Aeropuertos, del Ministerio de Sanidad (Gobierno de España); EMME-CARE project, which has been funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement ID 856612); Institute of Zoology under the project EVOLANTER (project no. 20.80009.7007.02). RL is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF) under the project NEED (grant no. 01Kl2022); LIFE CONOPS project (LIFE12 ENV/GR/000466), funded by the European Commission in the framework of the program LIFE + Environment Policy and Governance; Municipalities of Slovenia: City Municipality of Nova Gorica, City Municipality of Koper, Municipality of Izola, Municipality of Piran and Municipality of Ankaran; National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH grant numbers KH-130379, PD-135143, FK-138563 and K-135841). The research activity of KK was supported by the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and by the ÚNKP-20-5-PTE-597 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology; Portuguese National Program for Vector Surveillance (REVIVE) and we are particularly grateful to the regional workgroup of Algarve for the monitoring activities; PR (19_ECO_0070) project ‘Aves y Enfermedades Infecciosas Emergentes: Impacto de las Especies Exóticas y Migratorias en la transmisión de Malaria aviar y el virus del Nilo Occidental – AvEIEs’ from ‘Ayudas Fundación BBVA a Equipos de Investigación Científica 2019’; project grant number 57 PCCDI/2018, grant agency ‘The Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation’ (UEFISCDI) Romania, ‘Collegium Talentum Programme’ of Hungary, Eötvös Loránd University’s ‘Homeland higher education study grant’; Slovak Research Agency VEGA nr. 2/0140/21; Vector Control Needs Assessment in Cyprus, contracted by the World Health Organization (reference 2020/1040069-0); Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia Regions (Regional Prevention Plans ‘Entomological Surveillance of vector-borne diseases’ in the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia Regions); the Institute of Public Health, Albania under the program of mosquitoes control in urban and coastal areas.

No âmbito da Rede de Vigilância de Vetores (REVIVE ), é realizada a vigilância entomológica em mosquitos desde 2008 em Portugal. O projeto REVIVE é uma componente dos programas de vigilância epidemiológica indispensável à avaliação do risco de transmissão de agentes patogénicos transmitidos por vetores e é fundamental para a implementação de uma estratégia integrada de controlo de vetores e prevenção de doenças. As atividades previstas nos programas de vigilância entomológica e doenças associadas exigem elevados custos com recursos humanos especializados e com a logística que é investida nas inspeções periódicas das armadilhas de insetos. É essencial o desenvolvimento de estratégias sustentáveis para a monitorização de vetores. O projeto VECTRACK propõe o desenvolvimento de um método inovador na vigilância de mosquitos vetores de agentes de doença que vai possibilitar a identificação da espécie, sexo, idade e potencial de infeção das populações de mosquitos, mas de forma automatizada e remota. Neste artigo apresentamos os principais protocolos usados no projeto VECTRACK para a configuração de um sensor acoplado a uma armadilha que proceda à identificação automatizada de mosquitos através de machine learning. Within the scope of the Vector Surveillance Network (REVIVE ), entomological surveillance of mosquitoes has been carried out since 2008 in Portugal. REVIVE project is an essential component of epidemiological surveillance programs to assess the risk of transmission of vector-borne pathogens and is essential for the implementation of an integrated strategy for vector control and disease prevention. The activities foreseen in the entomological surveillance programs and associated diseases demand high costs with specialized human resources and with the logistics that are invested in the periodic inspections of insect traps. The development of sustainable strategies for vector monitoring is essential. The VECTRACK project proposes the development of an innovative method in the surveillance of mosquito vectors of disease agents that will make it possible to identify the species, sex, age and infection potential of mosquito populations, but in an automated and remote way. In this manuscript, we present the main protocols used in the VECTRACK project for the configuration of a sensor coupled to a trap that performs the automated identification of mosquitoes through machine learning. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O mosquito Aedes albopictus, conhecido vulgarmente como Mos2017-2019quito Tigre Asiático, é um mosquito invasor procedente da região Ásia-Pacífico. Esta espécie é importante em saúde pública e veterinária devido ao seu papel na transmissão de diversos agentes patogénicos, nomeadamente os arbovírus chikungunya, dengue e Zika. Introduzido e estabelecido ao longo da costa mediterrânica europeia, incluindo Espanha desde 2004, este mosquito vetor tem sido responsável pelos surtos autóctones de arbovírus que têm ocorrido na Europa desde 2007. Em Portugal, o Ae. albopictus foi detetado pela primeira vez no âmbito da Rede de Vigilância de Vetores (REVIVE) em dois eventos de introdução independentes, na região norte em 2017 e no Algarve em 2018. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a distribuição geográfica e atividade sazonal da espécie invasora Ae. albopictus em Portugal. A vigilância ativa foi significativamente incrementada pela REVIVE após estas deteções. Foram utilizadas armadilhas específicas para mosquitos adultos (Biogents Sentinel traps) e para as fases imaturas (Ovitraps) para determinar a sua distribuição geográfica e sazonal, abundância e avaliar o processo de estabelecimento e dispersão da espécie a nível regional e nacional. Estes dados são indispensáveis no planeamento estratégico de medidas de controlo vetorial para evitar a dispersão das populações de mosquitos vetores e prevenir surtos de doenças associadas a Ae. albopictus. The mosquito Aedes albopictus, also known as the Asian Tiger Mosquito, is an invasive mosquito from the Asia-Pacific region. This species is important in public and veterinary health due to its role in the transmission of several pathogens, namely the arboviruses chikungunya, dengue and Zika. Introduced and established along the European Mediterranean coast, including Spain since 2004, this vector mosquito has been responsible for the autochthonous arboviruses outbreaks that have been occurring more and more frequently in the European region since 2007. In Portugal, Ae. albopictus was detected for the first time by the Vector Surveillance Network (REVIVE) in two independent introduction events, in the northern region in 2017 and Algarve in 2018. The aim of the present study was to characterize the geographic distribution and seasonal activity of the invasive species Ae. albopictus in Portugal. Active surveillance was significantly increased by the REVIVE after these detections. Specific traps were used for adult mosquitoes (Biogents Sentinel traps) and for the immature stages (ovitraps) to determine its geographical and seasonal distribution, abundance and evaluate its way of establishment and dispersion at a regional and national level. These data are necessary in the strategic planning of vector control measures to avoid the dispersion of these populations of vectors and prevent outbreaks of vector-borne diseases. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion