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Objective To evaluate the effect of adalimumab (ADA) on choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in eyes with non-infectious uveitis (NIU). Methods Thirty-seven eyes with NIU, 38 eyes of non-uveitic (NU) patients, and 40 control eyes were included. ADA was used for anti-TNF-naive adult (80mg) or pediatric (40mg) patients with refractory NIU, then 40mg every 2-week (20mg in children p > 0.05). However, calculated CVI values in eyes with NIU (0.63 ± 0.007) were significantly (p p p p > 0.05). Conclusions Decreased CVI in NIU and NU eyes indicates that systemic inflammation affects the choroidal vasculature and perfusion both in the presence and absence of ocular involvement. Although CVI may be used as a possible novel tool in monitoring ocular involvement and progression of NIU, CVI does not seem to be a biomarker for treatment monitoring in NIU.

Purpose To investigate the predictive values of maternal systemic inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), platelet mass index (PKI), and mean platelet volume (MPV), in treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (TR-ROP). Methods The mothers of the 21 preterm infants who were followed up due to ROP but did not require treatment and the mothers of preterm infants who received ROP treatment (intravitreal injection) (19 patients) were included in the treatment group. The birth weights (BW) and gestational ages (GA) of the infants were recorded. A prenatal maternal complete blood count (CBC) analysis was performed within 3 days before birth. NLR, PLR, LMR, SII, PCI and MPV data were calculated and compared statistically from the complete blood count (CBC) samples of the mothers of the preterm infants who did or did not need ROP treatment. The results were evaluated by adjusting them with logistic regression analysis. Results There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of BW (p = 0.108). The GA was significantly lower in the TR-ROP group compared to the control group (p = 0.04, 26.5 (24–33), 29 (27–32), respectively). Between TR-ROP and control groups, NLR (p = 0.02, 5.9 (3.2–12.9), 4.2 (0.9–11.8)), PLR (p = 0.02, 136.4 ± 27.6, 111.1 ± 37.1), LMR (p = 0.001, 2.06 (1.1–4.2), 3.01 (1.2–5.9)) and SII (p = 0.001) values were significantly different. In the TR-ROP group, when these values were corrected with GA in logistic regression analysis, NLR, PLR, and SII were not statistically significant (p = 0.11, p = 0.83, and p = 0.14), but there was an increase in LMR [p = 0.02, OR = 0.38 95% CI (0.16–0.88)]. Conclusion The prenatal maternal LMR was found to have a statistically significant predictive value for TR-ROP. In the prenatal period, a maternal systemic inflammatory state may be a risk factor for ROP development in the premature baby. Prenatal maternal LMR may be a guide for infants with TR-ROP. Babies who are thought to be at higher risk of TR- ROP may be screened more frequently.

Flow-diverting stents are devices that are increasingly used in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms and expand the spectrum of endovascular treatment. The patency of side branches and perforators is a major concern about flow-diverting stent (FDS) treatment.From 2011 to 2020, seventy-eight patients in whom the orifice of the ophthalmic artery was covered during FDS treatment were evaluated in this study. Bilateral retinal vascular parameters of study subjects were evaluated with OCT and OCTA. The FDS implanted-side eyes of the patients were defined as the procedure group, and the fellow eyes were considered as the control group.Twenty-seven patients who were treated with FDS covering the ostium of the ophthalmic artery and who could undergo full ophthalmologic examination were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference found in terms of visual acuity, retinal vascular parameters, and choroidal thickness between the procedure group and the control group (p0.05). However, in one case, recanalized retinal artery branch occlusion was detected on the side where the FDS was implanted.The orifice of the ophthalmic artery is often covered during FDS treatment for carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms; however, this treatment approach has no significant effect on ophthalmic vascular parameters.

Purpose The purpose of the study was to quantitatively measure the width of the retrobulbar optic nerve-sheath complex by computed tomography (CT) in glaucoma and evaluate its relationship with optic nerve changes and visual field loss parameters. Methods Sixty-six eyes of 33 patients with bilateral asymmetric glaucomatous optic nerve damage and 20 eyes of 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects without glaucoma were included. Axial retrobulbar optic nerve-sheath complex was measured by CT in the eyes with advanced glaucomatous damage (group 1); in the fellow eyes of the same patients with moderate glaucomatous damage (group 2); and in control subjects (group 3). Measurements were obtained at three different points: just behind the globe, near the optic canal, and in the middle. Results Mean age and sex distribution between groups were comparable (p0.05). The mean diameters of the retrobulbar optic nerve at three measurement points in group 1 (4.00±0.42mm, 3.49±0.44mm, 3.18±0.45mm) were significantly (for each

© 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate corneal sensation, subbasal nerve plexus (SBNP), and ocular surface symptoms in patients who underwent multiple intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods:Forty patients with previous anti-VEGF intravitreal injections (20 AMD and 20 DME) and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. In vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the SBNP, corneal sensitivity measurement with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, noninvasive tear break-up times, and ocular surface disease score index (OSDI) calculation were performed for each participant. Corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, total length of all nerve fibers, corneal total branch density, corneal nerve fiber area, corneal nerve fiber width, and corneal nerve fiber fractal dimension parameters were obtained by automatic digital analysis.Results:Corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, total length of all nerve fibers, and corneal nerve fiber fractal dimension in IVCM imaging and corneal sensitivity were significantly decreased in both AMD and DME groups compared with the control group. Corneal nerve fiber width and OSDI scores were significantly increased in AMD and DME groups compared with the control group. None of the IVCM parameters were significantly different between AMD and DME groups. Corneal sensitivity was decreased in patients with DME compared with patients with AMD. Tear break-up time was not different among the groups.Conclusions:Corneal SBNP parameters were affected, corneal sensitivity was decreased, and OSDI scores were increased in patients with multiple intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. IVCM parameters were not significantly different between AMD and DME groups.

To perform a longitudinal analysis of the effect of optic coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers on macular thickness in patients with persistent macular edema secondary to diabetes mellitus and retinal vein occlusion who recieved intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant.Eighty-nine patients were included in the retrospective study. Patients with anti-VEGF-resistant macular edema were included in the study. The effect of the presence or absence of OCT biomarkers before intravitreal DEX implant therapy on central foveal thickness (CFT) was evaluated. In addition, the change in biomarkers from the baseline visit to the final visit was evaluated. The evaluated OCT biomarkers were as follows: ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity, hyperreflective foci (HRF), disorganization of inner retinal layers (DRIL), hard exudates, serous macular detachment (SMD), pearl necklace, posterior vitreous detachment and the epiretinal membrane (ERM).The mean age of the overall sample in the study was 64.4±9.6. CFT decreased significantly from 625.3±22.3μm at baseline to 365.0±21.7μm in the 1DEX implant therapy resulted in a satisfactory reduction in CFT in patients with DME and RVO. The presence of HRF and SMD is a negative predictor of recurrence in CFT in short term. DEX implant therapy resulted in satisfactory improvement in SMD.

Purpose: Exfoliative material has been shown to accumulate in ocular and systemic tissues. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature evaluating optic nerve head vessel density (VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with XFS and XFG. Methods: Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies comparing patients with XFS and/or XFG patients to healthy controls, using the optic nerve head-centred 4.5 × 4.5 mm square OCTA scan protocol were included. Pooled results are presented as standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Meta-regression analysis was performed between mean difference in circumpapillary VD between XFG and controls and mean pRNFL thickness in patients with XFG. Results: Fifteen studies with 1475 eyes were included in this review. Whole image VD and circumpapillary VD (cpVD) were significantly decreased in patients with XFS [−0.78(95% Cl: −1.08, −0.47); −0.55(95% Cl: −0.80, −0.30); respectively] and XFG [−1.85(95% CI: −2.33, −1.36); −1.84 (95% CI: −2.30, −1.39); respectively] compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, pRNFL thickness decreased in patients with XFS [−0.55(95% Cl: −0.72, −0.35)] and XFG [−1.78(95% Cl: −2.21, −1.36)] compared to healthy controls. Meta-regression showed that pRNFL thickness decreased with increasing mean cpVD difference in XFG patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: OCTA provides non-invasive, objective and reproducible assessment of peripapillary VD and is important for the detection of vasculopathy in patients with XFS or XFG. This study provides strong evidence for decreased cpVD in the eyes of patients with XFS and XFG.

© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Background To investigate whether single retinal layer, choroidal and peripapillary retinal fiber layer thicknesses were affected in patients under hydroxychloroquine treatment without retinal toxicity Methods Forty-nine patients under hydroxychloroquine treatment (HCQ group) and 39 healthy volunteers, a total of 88 individuals, were included in the study. Patients with HCQ treatment were further divided into two groups as less than 5 years of HCQ use (group 1, 29 patients) and 5 years or more of HCQ use (group 2, 20 patients). All participants underwent full ophthalmologic examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging as OCT is a recommended tool for screening toxicity by the American Association of Ophthalmology. The automatic segmentation of retinal layers included retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retina pigment epithelium (RPE), inner retinal layers (IRL), outer retinal layers (ORL) and total retina thickness (TRT). Choroidal thickness (ChT), choroidal vascularity index and peripapillary RNFL were also measured. Results Both inferior and nasal parafoveal RNFL, temporal parafoveal GCL, and IPL layer thicknesses were decreased, while temporal parafoveal RPE layer thicknesses were increased in hydroxychloroquine users. Subfoveal ChTs were significantly reduced in both groups 1 and 2 compared to the control group(p = 0.042 and p = 0.009, respectively) and temporal ChT thicknesses were statistically decreased in group 2 compared to the control group(p = 0.018), but not for nasal ChT. Conclusions Hydroxychloroquine use may cause parafoveal retinal layer thickness alterations and also subfoveal and parafoveal ChT alterations even without evident retinal toxicity in OCT.

PurposeTo evaluate vision-related quality of life (VR-QOL) in patients with preoperative low vision who had previously removed epiretinal membrane (ERM) with pars plana vitrectomy, and compared the results with the control group (CG).MethodsIn this retrospective and nonrandomized clinical study, 20 subjects with unilateral ERM and 20 healthy subjects as CG were included in the study. The Turkish-translated National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) was used. In all cases, under local anesthesia, the two-step 23 G vitrectomy was performed with a similar technique by the same experienced vitreoretinal surgeon.ResultsThe preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in ERM group was 1.04±0.41. Postoperative visual improvement reached statistical significance (ppp=0.005, pp=0.003, respectively).ConclusionsThe NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire can discriminate ERM patients from healthy individuals, and visual acuity does not fully reflect VR-QOL. Impaired binocular vision may be associated with the deterioration of VR-QOL in patients with ERM in the postoperative period.

Purpose: To evaluate macular status with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and heavy-silicone oil endotamponade for retinal detachment (RD) with inferior breaks.Methods: This study included 20 eyes of 20 patients with a history of retinal detachment surgery for inferior breaks. Oxane HD was used as an intraocular tamponade for all surgeries. Anatomic reattachment, macular status with OCT imaging and any complications in the long-term were evaluated. Results: Mean follow-up time was 19.5 ± 10.5 months (range, 10-59) after removing heavy-silicone oil or epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery that was performed in some eyes after heavy-silicone oil removal. Primary reattachment was achieved in 90% of eyes and the success rate was 100% with further interventions. Postoperative complications included heavy-silicone oil emulsification, intraocular pressure elevation and epiretinal membrane formation. Conclusion: Eyes treated with PPV and heavy-silicone oil injection for RD with inferior break(s) have a good ellipsoid zone (EZ) continuity in the long-term. ERM formation and removal do not affect EZ.

Copyright © by Ophthalmic Communications Society, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.Purpose: Altmetric analysis is a way of assessing the social impact of scientific articles. In this study, we aimed to analyze the 100 most-cited articles on the topic of the retina published in ophthalmology journals in traditional metrics and altmetrics. Methods: The term “retina” was searched in the Web of Science database, and articles published in ophthalmology journals were filtered out. A total of 100 highly cited articles from 2010 to 2020 were evaluated for bibliographic data and altmetrics. First, descriptive statistics and then correlation analysis between traditional bibliographies and altmetrics were performed. Results: According to the Web of Science search, the number of citations of the articles listed in the top 100 list ranged from 809 to 137. The altmetric scores of the articles listed in the top 100 list ranged from 0 to 1,340. There was no statistically significant correlation between the altmetric scores and the number of citations, but there was a statistically weak correlation between the altmetric scores and the average citations per year, H index, impact factor, and number of years since publication. Conclusion: Altmetrics is not sufficient to determine the scientific value of articles and can be affected by many factors, unlike traditional bibliometrics. However, being a good communicator in social media can support scientific productivity and create social impact.

Patients with respiratory viral infections are more likely to develop co-infections leading to increased fatality. Mucormycosis is an epidemic amidst the COVID-19 pandemic that conveys a ‘double threat’ to the global health fraternity. Mucormycosis is caused by the Mucorales group of fungi and exhibits acute angioinvasion generally in immunocompromised patients. The most familiar foci of infections are sinuses (39%), lungs (24%), and skin tissues (19%) where the overall dissemination occurs in 23% of cases. The mortality rate in the case of disseminated mucormycosis is found to be 96%. Symptoms are mostly nonspecific and often resemble other common bacterial or fungal infections. Currently, COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is being reported from a number of countries such as the USA, Turkey, France, Mexico, Iran, Austria, UK, Brazil, and Italy, while India is the hotspot for this deadly co-infection, accounting for approximately 28,252 cases up to June 8, 2021. It strikes patients within 12–18 days after COVID-19 recovery, and nearly 80% require surgery. Nevertheless, the mortality rate can reach 94% if the diagnosis is delayed or remains untreated. Sometimes COVID-19 is the sole predisposing factor for CAM. Therefore, this study may provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers dealing with fungal infections, intending to link the potential translational knowledge and prospective therapeutic challenges to counter this opportunistic pathogen.

OBJECTIVES To assess whether meibomian glands and ocular surface parameters are affected by repeated topical povidone-iodine and antibiotic applications in patients with repeated intravitreal injections. METHODS Forty-five patients with at least three previous intravitreal injections and 28 healthy controls were included in the study. In the injection group, 21 patients had age-related macular degeneration and 24 patients had diabetic macular edema. For each participant, infrared meibography for the upper and lower eyelids and noninvasive tear break-up time calculation were performed with a corneal topographer. Fluorescein tear break-up time and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were also obtained. Noninvasive tear break-up time, fluorescein tear break-up time, and OSDI scores were recorded for each participant and compared between the injection and control groups. These parameters were also compared as a subgroup analysis between patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). RESULTS Upper lid meibomian gland loss, lower lid meibomian gland loss ratios, and OSDI scores were significantly higher in the intravitreal injection group compared with the control group (P=0.004, P

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether the choroidal vascularity index (CVI), choroidal thickness (ChT), and retinal nerve fiber thickness (RNFL) of patients with allergic asthma change compared to the healthy control group. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study comprised 59 eyes of 59 patients with allergic asthma (Group 1) and 50 eyes of 50 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers as a control group (Group 2). CVI was measured by binarization of images obtained from choroidal enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode optic coherence tomography. CVI was defined as the ratio of the choroidal luminal area to the total circumscribed choroidal area. ChT was measured manually at 3 points, subfoveal and 1000 microns nasal and temporal to the fovea (SFCT, N1000, and T1000 respectively). RNFL measurements were subdivided as global, nasal, temporal, superonasal, superotemporal, inferonasal, and inferotemporal quadrants. Results: Subfoveal CVI and ChT were significantly lower in asthma patients (p:0,043 and p: 0.034, respectively). N1000 and T1000 ChT and RNFL thicknesses were lower in asthma patients compared to the control group, though no significant difference was found between them (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that asthma patients have choroidal structural changes. In the literature, there are not enough studies regarding the effects of asthma on ocular parameters. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Introduction: COVID-19 infection may also occur with ocular manifestations. Paracentral acute middle maculopathy(PAMM) is a condition that causes ischemia in the inner retinal layers characterized by disruptions in capillary plexus flow. Also, ischemia in inner retinal layers secondary to COVID-19 infection has not yet been reported. Case report: The case, presented with the complaint of gradually decreasing visual acuity in the right eye after COVID-19 infection. PAMM was suspected, however, ischemia was detected in all inner retinal layers with Optical coherence tomography angiography. Discussion: We showed that it should be kept in mind that atypical retinal involvement of COVID-19 infection could present, with this case.

Purpose To investigate macular, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) and choroidal thickness in children and adolescents with vitamin B-12 deficiency and no neurological examination finding. Methods The study group includes of thirty-three children aged 8-17 years who were brought to the Pediatric outpatient clinic with the symptoms of fatigue and forgetfulness and whose Vitamin B-12 levels were detected < 200 pg/ml. The control group was the 30 children and adolescents applied to the same policlinic with various symptoms and whose Vitamin B-12 levels were found normal. Children and adolescents with chronic systemic/ocular disease history and myopia or hyperopia more than 4 diopters were not included in both groups. Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) was used for measurements. Results Mean Macular thickness value was 261.2 +/- 17.6 in the Vitamin B-12 deficiency group and 267.7 +/- 17.4 in the control group. Mean value of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness was 103.5 +/- 7.5 in the Vitamin B-12 deficiency group and 104.3 +/- 8.9 in the control group. The mean values of Choroidal thickness were 360.1 +/- 59.8 and 316.9 +/- 95.4 in Vitamin B-12 deficiency and control groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in choroidal thickness in Vitamin B-12 deficiency group compared to controls. Conclusion Statistically significant increase in the Choroidal thicknesses of children and adolescents with Vitamin B-12 deficiency is important in terms of shedding light on studies that will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between vitamin B-12 and inflammation.

To investigate macular, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) and choroidal thickness in children and adolescents with vitamin BThe study group includes of thirty-three children aged 8-17 years who were brought to the Pediatric outpatient clinic with the symptoms of fatigue and forgetfulness and whose Vitamin BMean Macular thickness value was 261.2 ± 17.6 in the Vitamin BStatistically significant increase in the Choroidal thicknesses of children and adolescents with Vitamin BThis study is an observational study.

Aims: To give normative databases of each retinal layers on OCT images in the healthy Caucasian population in Turkey and investigate the relevance of the data with factors such as age, gender, axial length and refraction. Study Design: Prospective, cross sectional, descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir/TURKEY. Between September 2017 and March 2018. Methodology: 133 participants underwent full ophthalmologic examination and spectral domain OCT imaging (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). After the automatic segmentation, central 1 mm and 1-3 mm superior, inferior, nasal and temporal thicknesses of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retina pigment epithelium (RPE), inner retinal layers (IRL), outer retinal layers (ORL) and total retina thickness (TRT) analyzed with respect to age, gender, axial length and refraction (spherical equivalent). Results: Central 1 mm INL, ONL, ORL, IRL and TRT and four quadrants of pericentral 1-3 mm thicknesses of RPE had positive correlation with the age. All the sections of total retina, RNFL, GCL, IPL, INL, ONL and IRL thicknesses were significantly thicker in males compared to females. The thicknesses of all RNFL sections and central 1 mm circle thicknesses of TRT, IPL, INL, OPL, RPE and IRL had positive correlation with the axial length. Conclusion: A normative database for thicknesses of intra-retinal layers in Turkish population was presented in the study and significant impacts of the age, gender and axial length were presented.

Perflorodekalin sıvısı vitreoretinal cerrahide geçici göz içi tamponatı olarak kullanılır. Bu çalışmada sunulan 65 ve 71 yaşındaki iki olgu-ya, regmatojen retina dekolmanı tanısı ile pars plana vitrektomi ameliyatı yapılmış ve her iki hastada da perflorodekalin sıvısı geçici göz içi tamponatı olarak kullanılmıştır. Her iki olgu-nunda ameliyat öncesinde psödofakik olduğu görülmüş ve arka kapsülün sağlam olduğu sap-tanmıştır. İlk olguda birinci hafta da, ikinci ol-guda birinci ayda ön kamarada perflorodekalin kalıntısı saptanmıştır. İlk olguda ameliyattan 2 hafta sonra, ikinci olguda ise 7 ay sonra ön ka-mara lavajı yapılarak perflorodekalin bakiyesi uzaklaştırılmıştır. İki olguda da ön kamara lavajı öncesi ve sonrasında kornea saydam olarak de-ğerlendirilmiş ve herhangi bir korneal toksisite bulgusu saptanmamıştır. Perfluorodecalin liquid is used as a tempo-rary intraoperative intraocular tamponade in vitreo-retinal surgeries. In this study, 65 and 71-years-old two cases underwent pars pla-na vitrectomy surgeries with the diagnosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and perf-luorodecalin liquid was used as a temporary intraocular tamponade for both of the patients. Both patients were pseudophakic and poste-rior capsules were intact. Perfluorodecalin resi-dues were detected in the anterior chamber in the first week postoperatively for the first case and in the first month for the second case. The perfluorodecalin liquid residues were removed by performing anterior chamber irrigation 2 weeks after the surgery for the first case and 7 months after the surgey for the second case. Corneas were clear and there was not any cor-neal toxicity findings for both cases before and after the anterior chamber irrigation

Özet Amaç. Katarakt cerrahisi sırasında ve travmaya bağlı vitreusa disloke olan göz içi lens (GİL) ve nükleuslarda pars plana vitrektomi sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Yöntem. Ocak 2009-Ocak 2010 tarihleri arasında katarakt cerrahisi esnasında ve travmaya bağlı olarak vitreusa disloke olan GİL ve nükleuslara pars plana vitrektomi uygulanan olguların dosya bilgileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular. Dokuz olgu katarakt cerrahisi sırasında, 3 olgu travmaya bağlı olarak nükleus dislokasyonu, 5 olgu katarakt cerrahisi esnasında GİL dislokasyonu, 1 olgu ise katarakt cerrahisi sırasında hem nükleus hem de GİL dislokasyonu olmak üzere 18 hasta çalışma kapsamında değerlendirildi. Hastaların ameliyat öncesinde görme keskinliği ortanca değeri 0.0025 (0,0025-0,002) seviyesindeyken, ameliyat sonrasında görme keskinliği ortanca değeri 0,1 (0,0025-0,8) olarak bulundu. 17 olgunun (%94,4) ameliyat sonrası görme keskinliğinde, ameliyat öncesi değere göre artış olduğu görüldü. PPV ile aynı seansta 11 olguda sulkusa, 3 olguda ön kamaraya, 4 olguda ise skleraya fikse edilen GİL implantayonu yapıldı. GİL dislokasyonu olan bir olguda ise korneal kesafet nedeni ile görme değişmemiştir. Bir olguda ise ameliyat sonrası 1,5 ay sonra retina dekolmanı görülmüş ve skleral çökertme ameliyatı yapılmıştır. Sonuç. Katarakt cerrahisi ve travmaya bağlı olarak vitreusa disloke olan nükleuslar ve GİL’lerde kötü görsel prognoz, pars plana vitrektomi ve sekonder GİL implantasyonu ile etkili olarak engellenebilmektedir. Anahtar sözcükler: Göz içi lens dislokasyonu, katarakt, nükleus dislokasyonu, pars plana vitrektomi Abstract Aim. Evaluating results of pars plana vitrectomy surgeries for dislocated intraocular lenses and nucleuses during cataract surgeries and related to trauma. Method. Records of cases who underwent pars plana vitrectomy surgeries for vitreus dislocation of intraocular lenses and nucleuses during cataract surgeries and related to trauma between January 2009-January 2010 evaluated retrospectively. Results. 9 cases of nuclues dislocation during cataract surgery and 3 cases of nucleus dislocation after trauma and 5 cases of intraocular lens disloaction during cataract surgery and 1 case of both nucleus and intraocular lens dislocation during cataract surgery totally 18 cases included in the study. Preoperative median of visual acuity values of patients was 0.0025 (0.0025-0.002), postoperative median of visual acuity values was 0.1 (0.0025-0.8). Increased postoperative visual acuity values in comparison to preoperative values were found in 17 cases (94.4 %). In addition to PPV in same surgery intraocular lens implantation in sulcus for 11 cases, in anterior chamber for 3 cases and scleral fixation for 4 cases were performed. Visual acuity didn’t improve for 1 case with intraouclar lens dislocation as a result of corneal opacity. 1 case had retinal detachment 1.5 month after the initial surgery and underwent scleral buckling surgery. Conlusion. For cases with dislocated nucleus and intraocular lenses related to cataract surgery or trauma, bad prognosis can be prevented effectively by performing pars plana vitrectomy and secondary implantation of intraocular lenses. Keywords: Cataract, intraocular lens dislocation, nucleus dislocation, pars plana vitrectomy, Amaç. Katarakt cerrahisi sırasında ve travmaya bağlı vitreusa disloke olan göz içi lens (GİL) ve nükleuslarda pars plana vitrektomi sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Yöntem. Ocak 2009-Ocak 2010 tarihleri arasında katarakt cerrahisi esnasında ve travmaya bağlı olarak vitreusa disloke olan GİL ve nükleuslara pars plana vitrektomi uygulanan olguların dosya bilgileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular. Dokuz olgu katarakt cerrahisi sırasında, 3 olgu travmaya bağlı olarak nükleus dislokasyonu, 5 olgu katarakt cerrahisi esnasında GİL dislokasyonu, 1 olgu ise katarakt cerrahisi sırasında hem nükleus hem de GİL dislokasyonu olmak üzere 18 hasta çalışma kapsamında değerlendirildi. Hastaların ameliyat öncesinde görme keskinliği ortanca değeri 0.0025 (0,0025-0,002) seviyesindeyken, ameliyat sonrasında görme keskinliği ortanca değeri 0,1 (0,00250,8) olarak bulundu. 17 olgunun (%94,4) ameliyat sonrası görme keskinliğinde, ameliyat öncesi değere göre artış olduğu görüldü. PPV ile aynı seansta 11 olguda sulkusa, 3 olguda ön kamaraya, 4 olguda ise skleraya fikse edilen GİL implantayonu yapıldı. GİL dislokasyonu olan bir olguda ise korneal kesafet nedeni ile görme değişmemiştir. Bir olguda ise ameliyat sonrası 1,5 ay sonra retina dekolmanı görülmüş ve skleral çökertme ameliyatı yapılmıştır. Sonuç. Katarakt cerrahisi ve travmaya bağlı olarak vitreusa disloke olan nükleuslar ve GİL’lerde kötü görsel prognoz, pars plana vitrektomi ve sekonder GİL implantasyonu ile etkili olarak engellenebilmektedir.

Bu calismada, 2006 yilinda sonuclandirilan “Bazi Paulownia Turlerinin Turkiye'ye Adaptasyonu ve Tanitilmasi” adli arastirma projesi kapsaminda Adana Ceyhan Orman Fidanliginda 1999 yilinda kurulan denemedeki tur ve orijinlerin 2011 yilindaki gelisimlerinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Denemede Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb.& Zucc. ex Steud, P. elongata S.Y.H ve P. fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl turleri ile P. fortunei x tomentosa melezine ait toplam 19 adet orijin kullanilmistir. Elde edilen bulgulara gore; orijinler arasinda yasama oranlari bakimindan istatistiksel anlamda bir fark bulunmamis olup P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin orijini en fazla yasama orani (%90) ile ilk sirada yer almistir. Ancak, boy, cap ve hektardaki gogus yuzeyi acisindan orijinler arasinda istatistiksel anlamda onemli farkliliklar bulunmustur. P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin orijini en yuksek boya (13.29 m) sahip olurken, P. fortunei Hubei-Hunan ve P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin orijinleri en yuksek capa (sirasiyla 25.95 ve 25.04 cm) ve hektardaki gogus yuzeyine (sirasiyla 34.01 ve 31.12 m2/ha) sahip olmustur. Govde formu konusunda ise, “cok duzgun govde” formu bakimindan orijinler arasinda istatistiksel anlamda bir fark cikarken; “bukulmus govde ve cok bukulmus govde” formu acisindan bir fark cikmamistir. P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin orijini en yuksek “cok duzgun govde” formu oranina (%85.00) sahiptir. Ancak, “bukulmus” ve “cok bukulmus” govde formlari acisindan istatistiksel olarak orijinler arasinda bir fark olmamasina ragmen, bu orijin her iki govde formunda da en dusuk orana (sirasiyla %15.00 ve 0.00) sahip olmustur. Bu baglamda; P.fortunei Guangxi-Guilin orijininin, govde duzgunlugu bakimindan yuksek bir oranla ilk sirada yer aldigi gorulmektedir. Tac formu bakimindan ise, her uc tac formunda da (dik tac, kavisli ve cok kavisli) orijinler arasinda istatistiksel olarak bir farklilik bulunmamistir. P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin orijini hem dik hem de kavisli tac formunda en yuksek orana (%25.00 ve %71.67) sahip olmustur. Bu cercevede, P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin orijini, genellikle dik ve kavisli tac formu ozelliklerine sahip oldugu soylenebilir. Arastirma sonucunda, P.fortunei Guangxi-Guilin ve P.fortunei Hubei-Hunan, yasama orani, boy, cap, hektardaki gogus yuzeyi ile govde ve tac formu kalitesi bakimindan, Ceyhan kosullarina daha uygun oldugu gorulmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Paulownia, Yasama orani, Gelisim, Govde formu, Tac formu

Aim. To evaluate our glaucoma tube implantation results for glaucoma cases that cannot be controlled with medication therapy. Method. The records of 31 cases whose medical records could be reached and and who could come to regular follow up visits among 123 patients that applied to our clinic between January 2004-January 2011 with refractory glaucoma for medical therapy were evaluated retrospectively. Results. Glaucoma tube implantation was performed with diagnosis of neovascular glaucoma in 24 cases, uveitic glaucoma in 4 cases, aphakic glaucoma in 2 cases, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in 1 case. Ahmed valve for 25 cases, Molteno for 3 cases, Baerveldt for 2 cases, keiki mehta for one case were implanted. Preoperative intraocular pressure median value was 40 mmHg (23-66).The median value of follow up duration was found to be 10 months (3-78). The median value of intraocular pressures for last follow up visit was 15.5 mmHg (6-67). As postoperative complications, chronic hyphema in 3 cases, hypotony and hyphema in 1 case, hypotony and following phthisis bulbi in 1 case, painful eye and following evisceration in 1 case, epiretinal membrane in 1 case, endothelial failure in 1 case were observed. Conclusion. Glaucoma tube implantation is efficient alternative treatment method for refractory., ÖzetAmaç. Medikal tedavi ile kontrol altına alınamayan glokomlarda seton implantasyonu sonuçlarını değerlendirmek. Yöntem. Kliniğimizde, Ocak 2004-Ocak 2011 tarihleri arasında medikal tedaviyle kontrol altına alınamayıp seton implantasyonu yapılan 123 glokom hastasından, dosya bilgilerine ulaşılan ve düzenli takiplerine gelen 31 olgunun dosya bilgileri retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular. 24 olguya neovasküler glokom, 4 olguya üveitik glokom, 2 olguya afakik glokom, 1 olguya psödoeksfolyatif glokom tanısı ile seton implantasyonu yapılmıştır. 25 olguda Ahmed, 3 olguda Molteno, 2 olguda Baerveldt, 1 olguda Keiki Mehta implantı kullanılmıştır. Ameliyat öncesi göz içi basıncı ortanca değeri 40 mmHg (23-66) olarak bulunmuştur. Olguların takip sürelerinin ortanca değeri 10 ay (3-78) olarak saptanmıştır. Son kontroldeki GİB ortanca değeri 15,5 mmHg (6-67) olarak bulunmuştur. Ameliyat sonrası komplikasyonlar; 3 olguda kronik hifema, 1 olguda hifema ve hipotoni, bir olguda hipotoni ve sonrasında ftizis bulbi, 1 olguda ağrılı göz nedeni ile evisserasyon, 1 olguda epiretinal membran, 1 olguda lokalize endotelyal yetmezlik görülmüştür. Sonuç. Seton implantasyonu medikal tedaviye dirençli glokom olgularında etkili bir tedavi yöntemidir.Anahtar sözcükler: glokom, seton implantları AbstractAim. To evaluate our glaucoma tube implantation results for glaucoma cases that cannot be controlled with medication therapy. Method. The records of 31 cases whose medical records could be reached and and who could come to regular follow up visits among 123 patients that applied to our clinic between January 2004-January 2011 with refractory glaucoma for medical therapy were evaluated retrospectively. Results. Glaucoma tube implantation was performed with diagnosis of neovascular glaucoma in 24 cases, uveitic glaucoma in 4 cases, aphakic glaucoma in 2 cases, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in 1 case. Ahmed valve for 25 cases, Molteno for 3 cases, Baerveldt for 2 cases, keiki mehta for one case were implanted. Preoperative intraocular pressure median value was 40 mmHg (23-66).The median value of follow up duration was found to be 10 months (3-78). The median value of intraocular pressures for last follow up visit was 15.5 mmHg (6-67). As postoperative complications, chronic hyphema in 3 cases, hypotony and hyphema in 1 case, hypotony and following phthisis bulbi in 1 case, painful eye and following evisceration in 1 case, epiretinal membrane in 1 case, endothelial failure in 1 case were observed. Conclusion. Glaucoma tube implantation is efficient alternative treatment method for refractory.Keywords: Glaucoma, seton implants