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Regardless of many years of research work and conducting numerous clinical studies, breast cancer (BC) continues to grow among women, threatening their lives and future. Currently, it affects more than 10% of women globally. Therefore, researchers have recently redirected their endeavors toward detecting BC at an early stage, recognizing its substantial impact on survival rates, and acknowledging its immense potential for providing effective cancer treatments at this early diagnosed disease stage. The utilization of biomarker-based diagnostic techniques significantly contributes to the advancement of early detection and precision. A wide range of biomarkers is linked to every newly diagnosed BC case. Traditionally, breast cancer was diagnosed using a variety of techniques such as mammography, molecular imaging, and ultrasonography. These techniques had several drawbacks, drawing the attention of many scientists to developing new methods and strategies. Among these strategies, electrochemical biosensors have proven to be excellent alternatives to more complex and traditional detection strategies in terms of performance, accuracy, robustness, and a tremendous range of applications. In this review, the use of conventional methods for detecting BC as well as their challenges and shortcomings have been stated. Moreover, a deep discussion was given to the newly developed nanocomposite-based electrochemical bio-sensing approaches that have been exploited for the effective detection and quantification of breast cancer biomarkers.

Background: For severe cases of rectus diastasis with or without ventral hernia, standard rectus plication methods may not be appropriate. Sublay mesh and onlay mesh may provide good outcomes for the correction of severe rectus diastases, especially if they are coupled with ventral hernia, according to our research. We discovered a significant rate of unaccepted recurrence. To lower the number of recurrences in the component separation technique, we strive to apply double mesh repair to reinforce the defect and so avoid or reduce the recurrence rate. Patients and methods: Thirty-two patients underwent abdominal wall restoration with polypropylene mesh in a row. A technique for using mesh in a sublay manner deep to the rectus muscles above the posterior sheath without anterior dissection of the rectus abdominus from the anterior sheath to avoid damage to the blood supply and damage to the umbilical perforators during that dissection while onlay mesh is used on the anterior rectus sheath. After using the double mesh approach, problems and follow-up data were discovered. Results: We had 32 patients underwent abdominal repair, either for a ventral hernia or rectus diastasis repair with mesh, from May 2019 to January 2021. Only three patients exhibited isolated rectus diastasis. The patients were 55 years old on average, with ages ranging from 35 to 75. Females made up 92 percent of the patients. The patients' average body mass index was 35 kg/m2 (range: 31 to 42 kg/m2). We did not have any surgical-site infections, but we did have three surgical-site occurrences as seromas, which were treated in the outpatient clinic with simple drainage. None of the patients had a recurrence of any bulge or hernia after an average of one year of follow-up. Conclusion: This study used a double mish reinforcement approach to reduce the rate of recurrence and occurrences. As a result, augmentation using polypropylene on-lay mesh and sublay combined resulted in reduced recurrence rates than using each approach separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A complete rectal prolapse is an intussusception that extends beyond the anus. Rectal prolapse can be treated with a variety of surgical procedures, either abdominal or perineal, although no optimum approach has been identified. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare Delorme's procedure, with Laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR), regarding the clinical and functional outcomes and the incidence of recurrence of each approach to explore the best management of rectal prolapse. Patients and methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted on 24 patients with complete rectal prolapse who were admitted to the colorectal surgery unit of Zagazig University Hospital in the period from 2021 to 2023. Patients equally divided according to performed surgical technique into LVMR group and Delorme's procedure. Hospital stay and complications were recorded among the studied groups. Wexner continence score and constipation score were performed for the studied groups pre- and postoperative. Patients were followed-up for 18 months. Results: There was a statistical significance increase in operation duration among Group I compared to Group II. There were no statistically significant variations in preoperative symptoms between the tested groups. Postoperatively, Group I had fewer of all symptoms than Group II, although there was no statistically significant difference between both groups. There was a very statistically significant drop in the Wexner continence score postoperatively in both groups (by 86.91% in Group I and 67.91% in Group II), according to comparisons between pre- and post-in each group. There was a statistically significant increase in hospital stays. Although LVMR's recurrence rate was lower than Delorme's method, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The frequency of recurrence did not statistically significantly differ across the groups. Conclusion: In terms of the clinical and functional outcome at 18 months after surgery, no method was superior to the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In conjunction with the diagnosis,, an effective initial resuscitation should be done, and a management plan should be established. It should be noted that delayed presentation, hemodynamic instability, and preexisting co-morbidities necessitates aggressive resuscitation prior to surgery and close perioperative monitoring; to minimize the subsequent morbidity and mortality related to the condition, proper management plan regarding the treatment options of the perforation alone or addition of an ulcer definitive surgery should be addressed to each patient according to his condition. Conservative treatment is known as the Taylor method and consists of nasogastric aspiration, antibiotics, IV fluids, and Helicobacter pylori triple therapy. In 1946 Taylor presented the first series of successfully outcome of conservatively treated patients with perforated peptic ulcer, based on the theory that effective gastric decompression and continuous drainage will enhance self-healing. The idea for conservative treatment came from Crisp who in 1843 noted that perforations of the stomach were filled up by adhesions to the surrounding viscera which prevented leakage from the stomach into the peritoneum. But still there is an ongoing debate whether perforated peptic ulcer generally needs to be operated on or not. Many techniques have been described in the literature for the surgical treatment of perforated peptic ulcers starting from simple closure of the perforation with an omental patch, using an omental plug, a falciform ligament patch, a serosal jejunal patch and even proceeding to resection of perforation bearing duodenum and the antrum in the form of a partial gastrectomy with either a Billorth I or Billorth II anastomosis for larger perforations. Most of these techniques can be achieved using the open or the laparoscopic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]