Search

Novice special education teachers (SETs) often report on stress and burnout in their jobs, identifying collaboration with colleagues as a factor that supports them during the first years (Belknap & Taymans, 2015). While previous research focused on teachers' support from their mentor teachers, administrators, and colleagues, in this study we examined the mentorship relationship between SETs and their classroom paraeducators. We analyzed interviews of three novice SETs who taught in a large urban school district. All participants taught in Special Day Classrooms (SDC) and worked closely with paraeducators. The findings of this comparative case study suggest that these relationships are important for teachers' assimilation in the classroom. Results show the mentorship can be bidirectional, where experienced paraeducators support the novice teacher, or where teachers take an active role in mentoring their team. In addition, findings suggest that in the absence of any mentorship, the relationship with the paraeducators becomes a burden for novice teachers as they try to navigate their new roles and duties. The paper provides recommendations for practice and future research.

Until the founding of the Republic of Latvia, women were practically excluded from law studies and work in the justice system. The territory of Latvia was part of the Russian Empire and thus subject to the 1864 judicial reform and its laws, which required a law degree and experience to be eligible for working in the justice system and prohibited women from these positions. Following the founding of the Republic of Latvia in 1918 and, more specifically, the establishment of the University of Latvia which had a stronger focus on gender equality in 1919, Latvian women finally had the opportunity to earn the necessary degrees and pursue careers in the judiciary. However, to gain the required experience and be admitted to practice in the court, Bar association, or notaria, women initially needed someone to employ them. In this regard, specific well-known men with liberal worldviews played a significant role.

Teaching English Learners with exceptional needs requires educators to tackle a complex and multidimensional task of (a) providing quality core or content area instruction, (b) supporting students' academic language and literacy development in English, and (c) addressing differences in learning. While educational research and practice search for successful instructional methods to support these learners, educational statistics show that students with exceptional needs from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds continue to be at high risk for academic failure. The article reviews the current state of the field and discusses the mechanisms for combining culturally and linguistically responsive literacy instruction and assessment methods effective for teaching diverse students with disabilities. It provides readers with instructional tools for breaking the cycle of misidentification--failure to teach--failure to learn and presents recommendations for improving the overall quality of teacher education programs to prepare teacher candidates to work with diverse exceptional learners successfully.

Relevance. The confinement of hydrocarbon deposits to certain stratigraphic horizons, poor knowledge of the northeast of Western Siberia and adjacent territories, including the magnetostratigraphic method, with their oil and gas potential (over the past 10 years, four unique hydrocarbon deposits have been discovered here), the boreal nature of the deposits, and the need for remote magnetostratigraphic correlations. Aim. To create a magnetostratigraphic reference section of the northeast of Western Siberia. Objects. Sections of deep wells of the Pendomayakhskaya, Vostochno Suzunskaya, Vostochno Lodochnaya and Gorchinskaya areas of the Bolshekhetskaya structural terrace, which exposed the Lower Cretaceous and upper parts of the Upper Jurassic (Yanovstan Formation) deposits. Methods. Paleomagnetic studies were carried out according to standard methods and included sampling of core samples with an "up-down" orientation, sample preparation (kappametry, marking of samples, photographing, sawing), measurement of magnetic susceptibility, temporary cleaning (the samples were located along the field during a week, then a week-against the field with determination of residual magnetization), complete demagnetization by alternating magnetic field, plotting of complete demagnetization, mass cleaning, determination of components of natural residual magnetization, assessment of paleomagnetic stability, identification of forward and reverse polarity zones, construction of paleomagnetic sections. To construct the magnetostratigraphic sections given in this article, the paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic data are linked. For this purpose, magnetochrons were identified using biostratigraphic analysis. Results. The authors have compiled a composite magnetostratigraphic section of the boundary Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits of the Bolshekhetskaya structural terrace and identified four magnetozones with subzones of direct and reverse polarity, compared with the Berriasian ammonite scale. The high information content of the results of magnetostratigraphy research under boreal conditions was noted.

Annotating coding genes and inferring orthologs are two classical challenges in genomics and evolutionary biology that have traditionally been approached separately, limiting scalability. We present TOGA (Tool to infer Orthologs from Genome Alignments), a method that integrates structural gene annotation and orthology inference. TOGA implements a different paradigm to infer orthologous loci, improves ortholog detection and annotation of conserved genes compared with state-of-the-art methods, and handles even highly fragmented assemblies. TOGA scales to hundreds of genomes, which we demonstrate by applying it to 488 placental mammal and 501 bird assemblies, creating the largest comparative gene resources so far. Additionally, TOGA detects gene losses, enables selection screens, and automatically provides a superior measure of mammalian genome quality. TOGA is a powerful and scalable method to annotate and compare genes in the genomic era.

After the Mongol invasion, the few remaining monuments of the Upper Posurye and Moksha region became part of the Golden Horde, and the population of this region, preserving old traditions, gradually began to play an important role in the life of the new state. Archaeological studies of the monuments of this period (primarily the Narovchatsky settlement and the Nikolsky settlement) indicate the high development of the material culture of the Upper Posurye and Moksha region during this period. Agriculture, cattle breeding, and crafts continued to develop here, and copper and silver coins were minted. Goods from Old Rus and Central Asia penetrated here along trade routes. This allows the authors to conclude that during the Golden Horde, life in the territory of Upper Posurye and Moksha region did not subside, the local population continued to actively contact other regions, and the settlements that remained on this territory turned into large cultural and trade centers.

Heterosynaptic plasticity, along with Hebbian homosynaptic plasticity, is an important mechanism ensuring the stable operation of learning neuronal networks. However, whether heterosynaptic plasticity occurs in the whole brain in vivo, and what role(s) in brain function in vivo it could play, remains unclear. Here, we used an optogenetics approach to apply a model of intracellular tetanization, which was established and employed to study heterosynaptic plasticity in brain slices, to study the plasticity of response properties of neurons in the mouse visual cortex in vivo. We show that optogenetically evoked high-frequency bursts of action potentials (optogenetic tetanization) in the principal neurons of the visual cortex induce long-term changes in the responses to visual stimuli. Optogenetic tetanization had distinct effects on responses to different stimuli, as follows: responses to optimal and orthogonal orientations decreased, responses to null direction did not change, and responses to oblique orientations increased. As a result, direction selectivity of the neurons decreased and orientation tuning became broader. Since optogenetic tetanization was a postsynaptic protocol, applied in the absence of sensory stimulation, and, thus, without association of presynaptic activity with bursts of action potentials, the observed changes were mediated by mechanisms of heterosynaptic plasticity. We conclude that heterosynaptic plasticity can be induced in vivo and propose that it may play important homeostatic roles in operation of neural networks by helping to prevent runaway dynamics of responses to visual stimuli and to keep the tuning of neuronal responses within the range optimized for the encoding of multiple features in population activity.

This article examines the structure of the image of “vision” in the Russian linguistic worldview. The structural reconstruction was performed through the study of the key meanings of “vision” in the Russian language. The proposition, a logical outline of the components involved in visual perception, was selected as a way by which the knowledge about “vision” is gathered. The following components were found to be a regular source of figurative meanings: the subject of visual perception, the process of visual perception, the subject’s features indicating the quality of visual perception, and the means of visual perception. The dominant meanings of different propositional elements constituting the structural core of the image of “vision” were revealed: “the ability to see,” “the quality of vision,” “light,” “mediation,” and “accommodation.” The main denotative spheres covered by the knowledge about “vision” were distinguished: the human sphere, as well as the spheres of artifacts (technical means of image capture, artificial light sources) and nature (primarily natural light sources). It was shown that the metaphors referring to the human sphere are based on the idea of a close connection between visual perception and mental activity. The anthropomorphic metaphors arising from the artifacts used to produce images are created following the same logical pattern. The metaphorical understanding of light sources, both artificial and natural, is determined by the association between “vision” and light in the minds of native Russian speakers.

ersatile young specialists are currently in great demand. To be a high-achiever, a successful professional needs the so-called supra-professional skills, which are responsible for personal development. To manage their own study, work, and life, university students require good self-management skills, e.g., setting goals, meeting deadlines, scheduling, road mapping, self-education, reflection, self-correction, etc. Self-management is an object of personal education and an important element of personal development in university environment. This article describes the essence and content of self-management as a competence acquired at university. A review of scientific literature made it possible to prove the relevance of self-management as part of university education. Self-management appeared to have four components, i.e., 1) motivation and target, 2) cognition, 3) activity, 4) reflection and evaluation, while its structure consisted of three development levels, i.e., initial, basic, and advanced.

Relevance. Until now, disputes among scientists about its etiology, pathogenesis, nomenclature and risk factors for the development of vulvar lichen sclerosis have not subsided, which actualizes the need for scientific research aimed at solving these problems. The aim of the study - to establish statistically significant clinical and anamnestic risk factors for vulvar lichen sclerosis. Materials and Methods. An electronic database was formed with data from 344 patients with lichen sclerosus of the vulva and 60 women without vulvar diseases aged 20-70 years on hereditary, obstetric-­gynecological, somatic and infectious history. Astatistical comparative correlation analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the Spearman correlation coefficient (R0.15), nonparametric Mann - Whitney U test and Student t test (p0.05), Chi-square tests, Phi and Cramer statistics. Results and Discussion. Statistically significant (p0.05) risk factors for the development of vulvar lichen sclerosus (R, in descending order) were established: the presence of fibrocystic mastopathy (-0.29); late menarche (15 years and older) (-0.28); onset of menopause (-0.25); recurrent vulvo-­vaginal infections (-0.18); recurrent bacterial vaginosis (-0.18); autoimmune thyroiditis(-0.16) and stage II obesity (-0.16). Also, the average number of abortions and births (1.23 and 1.49, respectively) in the group of patients with lichen sclerosis of the vulva is statistically significantly greater (p0.05) than the average value (0.27 and 1.13, respectively) in control group. Conclusion. The data obtained on the impact of obesity and autoimmune thyroiditis on the risk of developing vulvar sclerotic lichen are consistent with the results of global studies and confirm the association of the disease with autoimmune and metabolic disorders. Recurrent vulvo-­vaginal infections and dysbiotic processes in the vagina can be both acause and aconsequence of vulvar lichen. The relationship between fibrocystic mastopathy and vulvar lichen sclerosus remains debatable and requires further research. Late menarche, the onset of menopause, alarge number of abortions and childbirth can also be considered triggers for vulvar lichen sclerosus in patients with agenetic predisposition to the disease.

Relevance. The issue of timely diagnosis and treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus has become especially acute in recent years due to the “rejuvenation” of the disease and the risk of its malignancy. In this regard, it is urgent to search for effective methods for predicting and early detection of the disease. The aim of the study - to develop amodel for predicting vulvar lichen sclerosus based on established clinical and anamnestic risk factors. Materials and Methods. The prospective case-control study included 404 women aged 20 to 70 years, of which 344 were patients with vulvar lichen sclerosus and 60 were women without vulvar diseases. At the first stage, acomparative statistical correlation analysis of the clinical and anamnestic data of the subjects was carried out using the Spearman correlation coefficient (R0.15), Chi-square tests, Phi and Cramer statistics, the Mann-­Whitney U test and the Student t test (p 0.05). The data obtained were used to develop aneural network model for predicting vulvar lichen sclerosus in the second stage of the study. Results and Discussion. Based on established reliably significant (p0.05) obstetric-­gynecological, somatic, infectious, hygienic and household factors influencing the risk of developing vulvar lichen sclerosus (Rindicator - from 0.16 to 0.38 confirms the statistical significance of correlations), aneural network model for predicting vulvar lichen sclerosus was developed (the percentage of correct classification on the test sample is the maximum possible value - 100%) and acomputer program was written that automates the procedure for predicting the disease. Conclusion. The neural network model for predicting the disease, developed on the basis of reliably (p0.05) significant risk factors for vulvar lichen sclerosus, has high prognostic properties, and acomputer program written on its basis allows the doctor in amatter of minutes to identify the patient at risk for the development of vulvar lichen sclerosus and give she needs preventive recommendations aimed at preventing or early detection of the disease.

Zhuoxuan Li,1 Tatyana Kovshova,2 Julia Malinovskaya,2 Julian Knoll,1 Saeed Shanehsazzadeh,1 Nadezhda Osipova,2 Anastasia Chernysheva,3 Pavel Melnikov,2 Svetlana Gelperina,2 Matthias G Wacker1 1National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Singapore; 2Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 3V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, RussiaCorrespondence: Matthias G Wacker, Email matthias.g.wacker@nus.edu.sgPurpose: This study investigated the brain targeting mechanism of doxorubicin-loaded polybutyl cyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles, particularly their interactions with the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB protects the brain from drugs in the bloodstream and represents a crucial obstacle in the treatment of brain cancer.Methods: An advanced computer model analyzed the brain delivery of two distinct formulations, Doxil® and surfactant-coated PBCA nanoparticles. Computational learning was combined with in vitro release and cell interaction studies to comprehend the underlying brain delivery pathways.Results: Our analysis yielded a surprising discovery regarding the brain delivery mechanism of PBCA nanoparticles. While Doxil® exhibited the expected behavior, accumulating in the brain through extravasation in tumor tissue, PBCA nanoparticles employed a unique and previously uncharacterized mechanism. They underwent cell hitchhiking, resulting in a remarkable more than 1000-fold increase in brain permeation rate compared to Doxil® (2.59 × 10− 4 vs 0.32 h− 1).Conclusion: The nonspecific binding to blood cells facilitated and intensified interactions of surfactant-coated PBCA nanoparticles with the vascular endothelium, leading to enhanced transcytosis. Consequently, the significant increase in circulation time in the bloodstream, coupled with improved receptor interactions, contributes to this remarkable uptake of doxorubicin into the brain. Keywords: BBB, brain targeting, CNS, modeling, doxorubicin, drug delivery

Background. The high prevalence of periodontal diseases in the elderly, the presence of xerostomia in 30 % of their number, the disadvantages of classical therapies, as well as the occurrence of complications, create the need to search for and use new techniques and drugs in the treatment of this disease. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of xerostomia that occurs in inflammatory periodontal diseases using an individual prevention program, including the use of a massage device and mouthwash with chlorella suspension in elderly patients. Materials and methods. The object of the study was 60 people of both sexes aged 60 to 74 years. The objects of the study were randomly divided into 2 groups. The hygiene index (GI), a simplified Green, Vermillion index (OHI-S) (1964), was determined for all patients, pH values and the amount of saliva secreted were analyzed using an individual prevention program using a massage device and mouthwash with chlorella suspension. The evaluation of the studied parameters was carried out before treatment, 14 days later and 6 months after the end of therapy. Results and conclusions. It was found that the studied indicators demonstrated an improvement in the hygienic condition of the oral cavity, an increase in salivation and a decrease in saliva acidity.

The significance of the research is determined by its scientific and practical significance. The modern global transformation of the world, in particular, automation, greening, the growing complexity of global risks and challenges, a network-centric society, a digital environment and many other aspects have led to the fact that the society in which the individual lives his life can rightfully be called a VUCA world. The VUCA world is a world of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. This is the world of "turbulent time" or "perfect storm", when all the factors complicating the situation converge at one time and at one point. Changes in the social, economic and geopolitical spheres associated with digitalization and a change in the technological structure start having a wider impact on many spheres including the education system. "Skills of the future" of both a specialist and a teacher are becoming an increasingly topical problem, while the issue related to the formation of a resource educational environment and the architectonics development of the required competences of the teacher's personality in the face of the VUCA world come to the fore in the tasks of academic science. The article is aimed at solving the problem of determining the structure, content and conditions for the implementation of pedagogical support to enhance the competitiveness of a higher education teacher for a VUCA world, as well as ensuring the effective formation of teachers' noxological competences for a VUCA world in the information and educational environment of a higher education institution. The designed pedagogical support will contribute to the effective organization of career development and professional growth of a higher education teacher for a VUCA world. The results of the study will make it possible to contribute to the development of the theory and methodology of higher education in terms of scientific substantiation and selection of the content to form a teacher's noxological competence in the information and educational environment of a higher education institution for a VUCA world. Giving a more detailed content and precise structure of the teacher's noxological competence and the proposed classification of modern risks of the educational environment will complement the theoretical foundations of pedagogical risk studies. A model of pedagogical support for the formation of noxological competences of future teachers which is to be theoretically substantiated will give an opportunity to determine the capabilities and technologies of using risk factors in pedagogical education. The expected results are believed to contribute to the solution to the problem of VUCA undertaken by the world social and humanitarian scientific community, which the modern education system in general faces and all subjects of the educational process, in particular.