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Language is implicated in daily lives, and there are a large and open-ended number of activities (Cook, 2003), which involve language theories (Alkhaldi, 2011). This research analyses the language theories which are involved in the activities of Jordanian language materials. The researchers have chosen a sample from language materials used to teach English at Jordanian public high schools since 2015. An analysis checklist has been adapted and used, focusing on the analysis of language theories. The findings show that the students' role is responsive rather than proactive. The dominant source of content is the materials, and the teachers' role is overlooked in providing useful language content. Furthermore, the mental operations have not been taken to the deepest level to promote students' creative and critical thinking skills. The findings also reveal that the materials have a sentence-based content, that is, the content provided as input to learners and content expected as output from the learners comprise individual words, phrases and sentences, and there are few opportunities for extended written and oral discourse. Consequently, it is recommended that teachers, researchers and materials developers should take into consideration such challenging findings to bridge the gap between theory and practice and to develop language materials effectively. In other words, the materials should continuously be analysed, evaluated, and developed in a systematic and rigorous way to have insights into the materials and the process of analysis for professional development purposes, and to help students improve their language learning process.

Although terminology is a branch of linguistics with a long history, a number of terminological systems have not been thoroughly analyzed. One of the areas that falls into this category is the terminology of humanitarian subjects because the way their terminology is formed differs from the term formation of STEM disciplines. Sublanguages of humanitarian disciplines quite often borrow general language words, which can be explained by the fact that the area of their studies is related to general rules of society functioning. In the course of transfer from the general language to domain-specific language, the semantic and/or morphological structure of words might undergo modifications. This article analyses the methods of formation of the English terminology of hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is a theory and methodology of text interpretation. One of the distinguishing features of its sublanguage is the fact that it is formed with the use of a considerable number of general language words that are used by text interpreters in a specialized meaning. This paper presents the analysis of the semantic transformations of some of these words after they became part of the sublanguage of hermeneutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Segmented poly(urethaneureas) (SPUUs) modified with low glass transition temperature chemically inert liquids are of interest due to their controllable properties and potential applications under various environmental conditions. Investigation into the influence of plasticizers on the properties of SPUUs based on oligotetramethyleneoxide diol (polytetramethyleneoxide), oligopropyleneoxide diol (polypropyleneoxide), 2,4-toluenediisocyanate, Ethacure-300, and methylene-bis- o -chloroaniline was conducted. Partial crystallization of polytetramethyleneoxide segments was identified during cooling of some SPUU samples plasticized by di-(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (DEHS) and tributyl phosphate. Polypropyleneoxide segments did not crystallize under the same conditions. A low crystallization temperature for the amorphous component of the polymer matrix in SPUU (−100°C to 103°C) was attained at a molecular mass (M n) of soft segments equal to 2000 g mol−1 and a DEHS concentration equal to 40–45%. A relationship between the mechanical properties of plasticized SPUU, microphase segregation, and dilution of the polymer matrix was found. For the first time, the effect of dilution with plasticizer on the strength of elastomers was considered. The plasticization effect on the mechanical properties of SPUU was investigated in the temperature diapason from 50°C to −70°C. The results of these investigations can be used in various technologies including the design of SPUUs with high elastic properties at temperatures as low as −70°C, typical of extreme conditions of the Arctic climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]