Search

Your search keyword '"Osborne, William R. A."' showing total 117 results
Start Over Author "Osborne, William R. A."
117 results on '"Osborne, William R. A."'

2. Serum amyloid A impairs the antiinflammatory properties of HDL

Author

Han, Chang Yeop, Tang, Chongren, Guevara, Myriam E., Wei, Hao, Wietecha, Tomasz, Shao, Baohai, Subramanian, Savitha, Omer, Mohamed, Wang, Shari, O'Brien, Kevin D., Marcovina, Santica M., Wight, Thomas N., Vaisar, Tomas, de Beer, Maria C., de Beer, Frederick C., Osborne, William R., Elkon, Keith B., and Chait, Alan

Subjects
Obesity -- Research -- Development and progression -- Care and treatment -- Patient outcomes -- Genetic aspects, Inflammation -- Research -- Risk factors, Health care industry
Abstract

HDL from healthy humans and lean mice inhibits palmltate-induced adipocyte inflammation; however, the effect of the inflammatory state on the functional properties of HDL on adipocytes is unknown. Here, we found that HDL from mice injected with AgN[O.sub.3] fails to inhibit palmitate-induced inflammation and reduces cholesterol efflux from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, HDL isolated from obese mice with moderate inflammation and humans with systemic lupus erythematosus had similar effects. Since serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in HDL increase with inflammation, we investigated whether elevated SAA is a causal factor in HDL dysfunction. HDL from AgN[O.sub.3]- injected mice lacking Saa1.1 and Saa2.1 exhibited a partial restoration of antiinflammatory and cholesterol efflux properties in adipocytes. Conversely, incorporation of SAA into HDL preparations reduced antiinflammatory properties but not to the same extent as HDL from AgN[O.sub.3]-injected mice. SAA-enriched HDL colocalized with cell surface-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) of adipocytes, suggesting impaired access to the plasma membrane. Enzymatic digestion of proteoglycans in the ECM restored the ability of SAA-containing HDL to inhibit palmitate-induced inflammation and cholesterol efflux. Collectively, these findings indicate that inflammation results in a loss of the antiinflammatory properties of HDL on adipocytes, which appears to partially result from the SAA component of HDL binding to cell-surface proteoglycans, thereby preventing access of HDL to the plasma membrane., Introduction HDL-cholesterol levels are reduced in obesity, especially in those individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome (1, 2). The metabolic syndrome is accompanied by adipose tissue (AT) (3, 4) [...]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. CT: Book Awards 2023.

Author

Reynolds, Matt, Schreiner, Patrick, Osborne, William R., Woodson, Elizabeth, Turkington, Taylor, Klumpenhower, Jack, Williams, Steph, Farquhar, Betsy, McCarty, Glenn, Dirckx, Sharon, Jones, Clay, Bruce, James E., Freeman, Kathryn, Newton, Phil, Mathews, Kelley, Duduit, Michael, Nickel, Eleanor, Hendrix, John, Nelson, Christina Suzann, and Rubart, James L.

Subjects
NONFICTION
Published
2023

14. Effects of exendin-4, a glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on neutrophil count and inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of endotoxemia

Author

Yanay,Ofer, Bailey,Adam L, Kernan,Kelly, Zimmerman,Jerry J, Osborne,William R, Yanay,Ofer, Bailey,Adam L, Kernan,Kelly, Zimmerman,Jerry J, and Osborne,William R

Abstract

Ofer Yanay,1,2 Adam L Bailey,3 Kelly Kernan,1 Jerry J Zimmerman,1,2 William R Osborne1 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 2Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 3Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Background: Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. A variety of strategies targeting modulation of the pro-inflammatory response associated with early sepsis have been reported without clinical success. GLP-1 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In addition, it was shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. We hypothesized that treatment with exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, would attenuate inflammation and improve glucose control in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rat model of inflammation. Methods: Two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: 1) treatment: intraperitoneal (IP) injection of LPS 10 mg/kg followed by exendin-4, 30 µg/kg, 10 minutes later; 2) control-1: IP injection of LPS 10 mg/kg, followed by normal saline (NS); 3) control-2: IP NS injection followed by exendin-4; 4) sham: IP injection of NS followed by another NS injection. Glucose concentration, total white blood count with absolute neutrophil count, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were measured at 0, 3, 6, and 10 hours following LPS injection. Results: At 3 hours, rats injected with LPS developed neutropenia, elevated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and mild hypoglycemia. Treatment with exendin-4 significantly modulated neutropenia, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ). However, exendin-4 had no effect on IL-10 concentrations. LPS injection led to mild hypoglycemia, that was not observed in rats treated with exendin-4. Sham animals exhibited no significant change from baseline in all pa

Published
2015

15. Serum amyloid A impairs the antiinflammatory properties of HDL

Author

Han, Chang Yeop, primary, Tang, Chongren, additional, Guevara, Myriam E., additional, Wei, Hao, additional, Wietecha, Tomasz, additional, Shao, Baohai, additional, Subramanian, Savitha, additional, Omer, Mohamed, additional, Wang, Shari, additional, O’Brien, Kevin D., additional, Marcovina, Santica M., additional, Wight, Thomas N., additional, Vaisar, Tomas, additional, de Beer, Maria C., additional, de Beer, Frederick C., additional, Osborne, William R., additional, Elkon, Keith B., additional, and Chait, Alan, additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Anteriority and justification: Pragmatic functions of the We x-qatal form indirect speech in the book of Genesis

Author

Osborne, William R.

Abstract

Recognizing that scholarship has long struggled with the so-called "freeness " of Hebrew word order in direct speech, this study seeks to demonstrate that the primary pragmatic functions of the w e x-qatal form within direct speech in classical biblical Hebrew are justification and anteriority. Examining the issues of word order and the syntactical opposition between the wayyiqtol and w e x-qatal, the work concludes by presenting numerous examples of both functions in Genesis texts. The implications of the study are an improved understanding of clausal relationships within direct speech and improved translations and interpretations of these passages.

Published
2012

17. A linguistic introduction to the origins and characteristics of early Mishnaic Hebrew as it relates to Biblical Hebrew

Author

Osborne, William R.

Abstract

Scholarship has failed to clearly establish the linguistic relationship between Mishnaic Hebrew and Biblical Hebrew. This article serves as an introduction to the problem by: (1) discussing the diachronic development of Mishnaic Hebrew, (2) providing a synchronic linguistic analysis of Mishnaic Hebrew in relation to Biblical Hebrew, and (3) offering direction for future research. The discussion highlights the proposal that Mishnaic Hebrew developed alongside Biblical Hebrew as a popular oral language that was later significantly influenced by Aramaic. The present study shows the non-systematic relationship between Biblical Hebrew and Mishnaic Hebrew, and therefore concludes that students of Biblical Hebrew must exercise caution in looking to Mishnaic Hebrew to interpret the Old Testament.

Published
2011

23. Book Reviews

Author

McDavid,, Raven I., Tyler, Priscilla, Williams, Ralph M., Magner,, James E., Lewis, R. W., Lill, James, Lill, James V., Osborne, William R., Baker, Sheridan, Orel, Harold, Garner, Ross, McNamee, Lawrence F., Barnet, Sylvan, Nardin, James T., Redford, Grant H., Weis, Charles, Brown, Allen B., Higginson, Fred H., Kinney, Arthur F., Wolfe, Peter, Friedman, Philip Allen, Tagliabue, John, Salerno, Nicholas A., Cambon, Glauco, Peterson, Clell T., Dowell, Peter W., Kenney, Blair Gates, Harwick, Robert, and Saul, George Brandon

Published
1965
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. A Biblical Reconstruction of the Prophetess Deborah in Judges 4.

Author

OSBORNE, WILLIAM R.

Subjects
*OLD Testament criticism & interpretation, *WOMEN prophets, *BIBLICAL criticism
Abstract

By analyzing Judges 4 in its historical and literary setting, this article presents a biblical reconstruction of the prophetic identity and message of the prophetess Deborah. The study concludes that 1) Deborah, as a prophetess, seems to show great similarity to the āpiltum observed in early Mari, 2) Deborah is not portrayed as a primitive necromancer, and 3) in the narrative she opposes Barak's desire for personal honor and presents Yahweh as Israel's sole deliverer from oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

48. Effect of Metabolic Acidosis on Hydrogen Ion Excretion in a Pigtail Macaque with Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase I Deficiency1

Author

Ferrell, Robert E., Osborne, William R. A., and Tashian, Richard E.

Abstract

Metabolic acidosis was induced by NH4Cl ingestion in a normal pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) and a pigtail macaque with an inherited deficiency of red cell carbonic anhydrase I (CA I). After this acid stress, both the normal and CA I-deficient animals were able to acidify their urine, and displayed similar hydrogen ion clearance indexes. These findings suggest that a defective red cell CA I, reported in some cases of renal tubular acidosis in humans, is not directly responsible for the impairment of bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidney tubules.

Published
1981
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Thermal inactivation studies of normal and variant human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases by using a sulphonamide-binding assay

Author

Osborne, William R. A. and Tashian, Richard E.

Abstract

Heat-inactivation studies were carried out on the two primary erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes, CA I and CA II, and the secondary isoenzyme of CA I, CA I (+1). In addition, two genetic variants of human isoenzyme CA I, CA Id Michigan (100 Thr→Lys) and CA If London (102 Glu→Lys), and one variant of isoenzyme CA II, CA IIh (251 Asn→Asp), were similarly analysed. The first-order rate constants and Arrhenius plots for these six enzyme forms showed that (1) isoenzyme CA II is more heat-stable than CA I, (2) isoenzyme CA I (+1) is less heat-stable than CA I, (3) the variants CA IIh and CA If London are less heat-stable than the normal enzymes, and (4) isoenzyme CA Id Michigan is more heat-stable than normal CA I. From the values of the slopes of the Arrhenius plots, the energy of activation (Ea) for each isoenzyme and isoenzyme variant was determined, and the following thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated at 55°C: the free energy of activation (ΔG‡), the activation enthalpy (ΔH‡) and the activation entropy (ΔS‡). The ΔG‡ for the enzymes shows a relative constancy with compensating variation in ΔH‡ and ΔS‡. When the values for ΔH‡ are plotted against ΔS‡, an increase in ΔH‡ involves a concomitant increase in ΔS‡.

Published
1974
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency: EVIDENCE FOR MOLECULAR HETEROGENEITY IN TWO FAMILIES WITH ENZYME-DEFICIENT MEMBERS

Author

Osborne, William R. A., Chen, Shi-Han, Giblett, Eloise R., Biggar, W. Douglas, Ammann, Arthur A., and Scott, C. Ronald

Subjects
Adult, Male, Immunodiffusion, Erythrocytes, T-Lymphocytes, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Articles, Isoenzymes, Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase, Mutation, Humans, Family, Female, Pentosyltransferases, Child, Immunoelectrophoresis, Alleles
Abstract

Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) deficiency is associated with severely defective thymus-derived (T)-cell and normally functioning bone marrow-derived (B)-cell immunity. In this study, two unrelated families with a total of three NP deficient members were investigated. High pressure liquid chromatography of the plasma of the three patients showed inosine levels greater than 66 muM. This nucleoside was absent from the plasma of their parents and control samples.NP was purified from normal human erythrocytes by affinity chromatography and an antiserum prepared in rabbits was used to study the NP variants in the two families. In family M the patient had no detectable erythrocyte NP activity and no detectable immunological-reacting material (irm) to the NP antibody. The parents, who are second cousins, had less than one-half of normal enzyme activity and approximately 14% irm attributable to a variant protein. Their electrophoretic patterns revealed a series of isozymes with slower than normal migration. In family B the patients had 0.5% residual enzyme activity and about one-half normal irm. Their electrophoretic pattern showed faintly staining bands which migrated faster than normal NP. The mother of the patients had one-half normal enzyme activity, 11% irm attributable to her variant protein, and a normal electrophoretic pattern. The father had less than one-half normal enzyme activity, equal amounts of normal and variant irm, and an electrophoretic pattern that showed increased activity of the more rapidly migrating isozyme bands.The combined use of immunological and electrophoretic techniques has shown the presence of three separate mutations; one in family M and two in family B associated with severely defective T-cell function.

Published
1977

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results