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4. Resource gaps pose the greatest threat for bumblebees during the colony establishment phase.

Author

Becher, Matthias A., Twiston‐Davies, Grace, Osborne, Juliet L., and Lander, Tonya A.

Subjects
BUMBLEBEES, BEE colonies, BRITISH kings & rulers, BOMBUS terrestris, PUPAE, POLLINATORS
Abstract

A common management intervention to support declining wild pollinators is 'pollinator planting'. However, despite years of inclusion in conservation initiatives, global pollinator declines continue.Using the agent‐based model BEE‐STEWARD with two example species, Bombus terrestris (L. 1758) and B. pascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), we explore when during the year bumblebee resource demand is the highest and how that relates to seasonal changes in colony composition (numbers of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults). We then examine the impact of two‐week periods of resource scarcity across the year. Finally, we explore how enhancement with early spring‐blooming herbaceous species or trees changes colony survival and queen production.In the United Kingdom, there is a previously under‐appreciated 'hungry gap' for bumblebees in March–April, before the peak flight period, driven by the demands of larvae for protein and thermoregulation in the colony, rather than the number of adult bees.A 2‐week gap in forage availability during this period drives a 50%–87% drop in the production of daughter queens. Adding early‐blooming species in the model had significant, positive, long‐term effects on colony survival probability and daughter queen production.Pollinator‐planting initiatives in both national and international conservation schemes need to include plants that flower up to 1 month before the adults of target social pollinator species are apparent in the field, during the period that larvae dominate the colony. This approach is likely to increase colony survival and queen production, contributing towards halting and reversing global pollinator decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. VespAI: a deep learning-based system for the detection of invasive hornets.

Author

O'Shea-Wheller, Thomas A., Corbett, Andrew, Osborne, Juliet L., Recker, Mario, and Kennedy, Peter J.

Subjects
DEEP learning, HORNETS, POLLINATORS
Abstract

The invasive hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax is a rapidly proliferating threat to pollinators in Europe and East Asia. To effectively limit its spread, colonies must be detected and destroyed early in the invasion curve, however the current reliance upon visual alerts by the public yields low accuracy. Advances in deep learning offer a potential solution to this, but the application of such technology remains challenging. Here we present VespAI, an automated system for the rapid detection of V. velutina. We leverage a hardware-assisted AI approach, combining a standardised monitoring station with deep YOLOv5s architecture and a ResNet backbone, trained on a bespoke end-to-end pipeline. This enables the system to detect hornets in real-time—achieving a mean precision-recall score of ≥0.99—and send associated image alerts via a compact remote processor. We demonstrate the successful operation of a prototype system in the field, and confirm its suitability for large-scale deployment in future use cases. As such, VespAI has the potential to transform the way that invasive hornets are managed, providing a robust early warning system to prevent ingressions into new regions. A deep learning-based system enables the rapid detection and classification of the invasive hornet Vespa velutina, providing an automated surveillance capability at the invasion front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Quantifying the impact of an invasive Hornet on Bombus terrestris Colonies.

Author

O'Shea-Wheller, Thomas A., Curtis, Robin J., Kennedy, Peter J., Groom, Ellen K. J., Poidatz, Juliette, Raffle, David S., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Bartolomé, Carolina, Dasilva-Martins, Damián, Maside, Xulio, Mato, Salustiano, and Osborne, Juliet L.

Subjects
BEE colonies, BUMBLEBEES, HORNETS, BOMBUS terrestris, HONEYBEES, NEST predation
Abstract

The invasive hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax is considered a proliferating threat to pollinators in Europe and Asia. While the impact of this species on managed honey bees is well-documented, effects upon other pollinator populations remain poorly understood. Nonetheless, dietary analyses indicate that the hornets consume a diversity of prey, fuelling concerns for at-risk taxa. Here, we quantify the impact of V. velutina upon standardised commercially-reared colonies of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris terrestris. Using a landscape-scale experimental design, we deploy colonies across a gradient of local V. velutina densities, utilising automated tracking to non-invasively observe bee and hornet behaviour, and quantify subsequent effects upon colony outcomes. Our results demonstrate that hornets frequently hunt at B. terrestris colonies, being preferentially attracted to those with high foraging traffic, and engaging in repeated—yet entirely unsuccessful—predation attempts at nest entrances. Notably however, we show that B. terrestris colony weights are negatively associated with local V. velutina densities, indicating potential indirect effects upon colony growth. Taken together, these findings provide the first empirical insight into impacts on bumblebees at the colony level, and inform future mitigation efforts for wild and managed pollinators. The influence of the invasive hornet Vespa velutina on Bombus terrestris colonies is quantified along a gradient of hornet densities, revealing negative impacts upon B. terrestris colony growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. CropPol: A dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination

Author

Allen‐Perkins, Alfonso, primary, Magrach, Ainhoa, additional, Dainese, Matteo, additional, Garibaldi, Lucas A., additional, Kleijn, David, additional, Rader, Romina, additional, Reilly, James R., additional, Winfree, Rachael, additional, Lundin, Ola, additional, McGrady, Carley M., additional, Brittain, Claire, additional, Biddinger, David J., additional, Artz, Derek R., additional, Elle, Elizabeth, additional, Hoffman, George, additional, Ellis, James D., additional, Daniels, Jaret, additional, Gibbs, Jason, additional, Campbell, Joshua W., additional, Brokaw, Julia, additional, Wilson, Julianna K., additional, Mason, Keith, additional, Ward, Kimiora L., additional, Gundersen, Knute B., additional, Bobiwash, Kyle, additional, Gut, Larry, additional, Rowe, Logan M., additional, Boyle, Natalie K., additional, Williams, Neal M., additional, Joshi, Neelendra K., additional, Rothwell, Nikki, additional, Gillespie, Robert L., additional, Isaacs, Rufus, additional, Fleischer, Shelby J., additional, Peterson, Stephen S., additional, Rao, Sujaya, additional, Pitts‐Singer, Theresa L., additional, Fijen, Thijs, additional, Boreux, Virginie, additional, Rundlöf, Maj, additional, Viana, Blandina Felipe, additional, Klein, Alexandra‐Maria, additional, Smith, Henrik G., additional, Bommarco, Riccardo, additional, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., additional, Ricketts, Taylor H., additional, Ghazoul, Jaboury, additional, Krishnan, Smitha, additional, Benjamin, Faye E., additional, Loureiro, João, additional, Castro, Sílvia, additional, Raine, Nigel E., additional, de Groot, Gerard Arjen, additional, Horgan, Finbarr G., additional, Hipólito, Juliana, additional, Smagghe, Guy, additional, Meeus, Ivan, additional, Eeraerts, Maxime, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Kremen, Claire, additional, García, Daniel, additional, Miñarro, Marcos, additional, Crowder, David W., additional, Pisanty, Gideon, additional, Mandelik, Yael, additional, Vereecken, Nicolas J., additional, Leclercq, Nicolas, additional, Weekers, Timothy, additional, Lindstrom, Sandra A. M., additional, Stanley, Dara A., additional, Zaragoza‐Trello, Carlos, additional, Nicholson, Charlie C., additional, Scheper, Jeroen, additional, Rad, Carlos, additional, Marks, Evan A. N., additional, Mota, Lucie, additional, Danforth, Bryan, additional, Park, Mia, additional, Bezerra, Antônio Diego M., additional, Freitas, Breno M., additional, Mallinger, Rachel E., additional, Oliveira da Silva, Fabiana, additional, Willcox, Bryony, additional, Ramos, Davi L., additional, D. da Silva e Silva, Felipe, additional, Lázaro, Amparo, additional, Alomar, David, additional, González‐Estévez, Miguel A., additional, Taki, Hisatomo, additional, Cariveau, Daniel P., additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Nabaes Jodar, Diego N., additional, Stewart, Rebecca I. A., additional, Ariza, Daniel, additional, Pisman, Matti, additional, Lichtenberg, Elinor M., additional, Schüepp, Christof, additional, Herzog, Felix, additional, Entling, Martin H., additional, Dupont, Yoko L., additional, Michener, Charles D., additional, Daily, Gretchen C., additional, Ehrlich, Paul R., additional, Burns, Katherine L. W., additional, Vilà, Montserrat, additional, Robson, Andrew, additional, Howlett, Brad, additional, Blechschmidt, Leah, additional, Jauker, Frank, additional, Schwarzbach, Franziska, additional, Nesper, Maike, additional, Diekötter, Tim, additional, Wolters, Volkmar, additional, Castro, Helena, additional, Gaspar, Hugo, additional, Nault, Brian A., additional, Badenhausser, Isabelle, additional, Petersen, Jessica D., additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Bretagnolle, Vincent, additional, Willis Chan, D. Susan, additional, Chacoff, Natacha, additional, Andersson, Georg K. S., additional, Jha, Shalene, additional, Colville, Jonathan F., additional, Veldtman, Ruan, additional, Coutinho, Jeferson, additional, Bianchi, Felix J. J. A., additional, Sutter, Louis, additional, Albrecht, Matthias, additional, Jeanneret, Philippe, additional, Zou, Yi, additional, Averill, Anne L., additional, Saez, Agustin, additional, Sciligo, Amber R., additional, Vergara, Carlos H., additional, Bloom, Elias H., additional, Oeller, Elisabeth, additional, Badano, Ernesto I., additional, Loeb, Gregory M., additional, Grab, Heather, additional, Ekroos, Johan, additional, Gagic, Vesna, additional, Cunningham, Saul A., additional, Åström, Jens, additional, Cavigliasso, Pablo, additional, Trillo, Alejandro, additional, Classen, Alice, additional, Mauchline, Alice L., additional, Montero‐Castaño, Ana, additional, Wilby, Andrew, additional, Woodcock, Ben A., additional, Sidhu, C. Sheena, additional, Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N., additional, Herrera, José M., additional, Otieno, Mark, additional, Gikungu, Mary W., additional, Cusser, Sarah J., additional, Nauss, Thomas, additional, Nilsson, Lovisa, additional, Knapp, Jessica, additional, Ortega‐Marcos, Jorge J., additional, González, José A., additional, Osborne, Juliet L., additional, Blanche, Rosalind, additional, Shaw, Rosalind F., additional, Hevia, Violeta, additional, Stout, Jane, additional, Arthur, Anthony D., additional, Blochtein, Betina, additional, Szentgyorgyi, Hajnalka, additional, Li, Jin, additional, Mayfield, Margaret M., additional, Woyciechowski, Michał, additional, Nunes‐Silva, Patrícia, additional, Halinski de Oliveira, Rosana, additional, Henry, Steve, additional, Simmons, Benno I., additional, Dalsgaard, Bo, additional, Hansen, Katrine, additional, Sritongchuay, Tuanjit, additional, O'Reilly, Alison D., additional, Chamorro García, Fermín José, additional, Nates Parra, Guiomar, additional, Magalhães Pigozo, Camila, additional, and Bartomeus, Ignasi, additional

Published
2022
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16. Protecting an Ecosystem Service

Author

Gill, Richard J., primary, Baldock, Katherine C.R., additional, Brown, Mark J.F., additional, Cresswell, James E., additional, Dicks, Lynn V., additional, Fountain, Michelle T., additional, Garratt, Michael P.D., additional, Gough, Leonie A., additional, Heard, Matt S., additional, Holland, John M., additional, Ollerton, Jeff, additional, Stone, Graham N., additional, Tang, Cuong Q., additional, Vanbergen, Adam J., additional, Vogler, Alfried P., additional, Woodward, Guy, additional, Arce, Andres N., additional, Boatman, Nigel D., additional, Brand-Hardy, Richard, additional, Breeze, Tom D., additional, Green, Mike, additional, Hartfield, Chris M., additional, O’Connor, Rory S., additional, Osborne, Juliet L., additional, Phillips, James, additional, Sutton, Peter B., additional, and Potts, Simon G., additional

Published
2016
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21. Recording Dispersal of Free-Flying Butterflies

Author

Niitepõld, Kristjan, Smith, Alan D., Osborne, Juliet L., Reynolds, Donald R., Carreck, Norman L., Martin, Andrew P., Marden, James H., Ovaskainen, Otso, and Hanski, Ilkka

Published
2009

25. Effects on Weed and Invertebrate Abundance and Diversity of Herbicide Management in Genetically Modified Herbicide-Tolerant Winter-Sown Oilseed Rape

Author

Bohan, David A., Boffey, Caroline W. H., Brooks, David R., Clark, Suzanne J., Dewar, Alan M., Firbank, Les G., Haughton, Alison J., Hawes, Cathy, Heard, Matthew S., May, Mike J., Osborne, Juliet L., Perry, Joe N., Rothery, Peter, Roy, David B., Scott, Rod J., Squire, Geoff R., Woiwod, Ian P., and Champion, Gillian T.

Published
2005
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27. Bombus terrestris in a mass‐flowering pollinator‐dependent crop: A mutualistic relationship?

Author

Knapp, Jessica L., Becher, Matthias A., Rankin, Charlotte C., Twiston‐Davies, Grace, and Osborne, Juliet L.

Subjects
pollinator populations, pollination, Cucurbita, Bombus terrestris, pollen diet, mass‐flowering crop, Original Research
Abstract

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) rely on an abundant and diverse selection of floral resources to meet their nutritional requirements. In farmed landscapes, mass‐flowering crops can provide an important forage resource for bumblebees, with increased visitation from bumblebees into mass‐flowering crops having an additional benefit to growers who require pollination services. This study explores the mutualistic relationship between Bombus terrestris L. (buff‐tailed bumblebee), a common species in European farmland, and the mass‐flowering crop courgette (Cucurbita pepo L.) to see how effective B. terrestris is at pollinating courgette and in return how courgette may affect B. terrestris colony dynamics. By combining empirical data on nectar and pollen availability with model simulations using the novel bumblebee model Bumble‐BEEHAVE, we were able to quantify and simulate for the first time, the importance of courgette as a mass‐flowering forage resource for bumblebees. Courgette provides vast quantities of nectar to ensure a high visitation rate, which combined with abundant pollen grains, enables B. terrestris to have a high pollination potential. While B. terrestris showed a strong fidelity to courgette flowers for nectar, courgette pollen was not found in any pollen loads from returning foragers. Nonetheless, model simulations showed that early season courgette (nectar) increased the number of hibernating queens, colonies, and adult workers in the modeled landscapes. Synthesis and applications. Courgette has the potential to improve bumblebee population dynamics; however, the lack of evidence of the bees collecting courgette pollen in this study suggests that bees can only benefit from this transient nectar source if alternative floral resources, particularly pollen, are also available to fulfill bees’ nutritional requirements in space and time. Therefore, providing additional forage resources could simultaneously improve pollination services and bumblebee populations.

Published
2018

34. Impacts of multiple pollutants on pollinator activity in road verges

Author

Phillips, Benjamin B., primary, Bullock, James M., additional, Gaston, Kevin J., additional, Hudson‐Edwards, Karen A., additional, Bamford, Meg, additional, Cruse, Dave, additional, Dicks, Lynn V., additional, Falagan, Carmen, additional, Wallace, Claire, additional, and Osborne, Juliet L., additional

Published
2021
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44. Ontogeny of orientation flight in the honeybee revealed by harmonic radar

Author

Capaldi, Elizabeth A., Smith, Alan D., Osborne, Juliet L., Fahrbach, Susan E., Farris, Sarah M., Reynolds, Donald R., Edwards, Ann S., Martin, Andrew, Robinson, Gene E., Poppy, Guy M., and Riley, Joseph R.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Elizabeth A. Capaldi (corresponding author) [1]; Alan D. Smith [2]; Juliet L. Osborne [3]; Susan E. Fahrbach [1]; Sarah M. Farris [1]; Donald R. Reynolds [2]; Ann S. Edwards [...]

Published
2000
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46. Re‐evaluating strategies for pollinator‐dependent crops: How useful is parthenocarpy?

Author

Knapp, Jessica L., Bartlett, Lewis J., and Osborne, Juliet L.

Subjects
commercial crops, pollination, pollinator dependence, Standard Paper, pollinator decline, parthenocarpy, food security, fruit set, agricultural yield, Agricultural Landscapes, agriculture
Abstract

Summary Whilst most studies reviewing the reliance of global agriculture on insect pollination advocate increasing the ‘supply’ of pollinators (wild or managed) to improve crop yields, there has been little focus on altering a crop's ‘demand’ for pollinators.Parthenocarpy (fruit set in the absence of fertilization) is a trait which can increase fruit quantity and quality from pollinator‐dependent crops by removing the need for pollination.Here we present a meta‐analysis of studies examining the extent and effectiveness of parthenocarpy‐promoting techniques (genetic modification, hormone application and selective breeding) currently being used commercially, or experimentally, on pollinator‐dependent crops in different test environments (no pollination, hand pollination, open pollination).All techniques significantly increased fruit quantity and quality in 18 pollinator‐dependent crop species (not including seed and nut crops as parthenocarpy causes seedlessness). The degree to which plants experienced pollen limitation in the different test environments could not be ascertained, so the absolute effect of parthenocarpy relative to optimal pollination could not be determined. Synthesis and applications. Parthenocarpy has the potential to lower a crop's demand for pollinators, whilst extending current geographic and climatic ranges of production. Thus, growers may wish to use parthenocarpic crop plants, in combination with other environmentally considerate practices, to improve food security and their economic prospects., Parthenocarpy has the potential to lower a crop's demand for pollinators, whilst extending current geographic and climatic ranges of production. Thus, growers may wish to use parthenocarpic crop plants, in combination with other environmentally considerate practices, to improve food security and their economic prospects.

Published
2016

48. Bumblebees and pesticides

Author

Osborne, Juliet L.

Subjects
Pesticides -- Health aspects, Foraging -- Observations, Bumblebees -- Health aspects, Health risk assessment -- Methods, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

A study showing the effects of two pesticides on bumblebees highlights the need for risk assessments to consider multiple species and the complex chain of factors that determines insect exposure [...]

Published
2012

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