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478 results on '"Osborne, J. L."'

1. Very high energy gamma-rays from Centaurus X-3: indications and implications

Author

Atoyan, A. M., Chadwick, P. M., Daniel, M. K., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., McKenny, J. M., Nolan, S. J., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., and Rayner, S. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A timing analysis of VHE gamma-ray observations of Cen X-3 taken with the University of Durham Mark 6 telescope was performed, using both Rayleigh and Bayesian statistics. Data from only 1 observation produced evidence for periodicity, in a 'soft' cut data set, with an overall chance probability <0.01 and blueshifted by 6.6ms from the nominal second harmonic of the pulse period. We show that the disappearance of the Rayleigh peak in the fully cut data set is consistent with a gamma-ray origin hypothesis. The second part of the paper considers theoretical models that could explain the existing data of Cen X-3 in high and very high energy gamma-rays. On the basis of energetics, all reasonable options for gamma-ray production must be connected to jets emerging from the inner accretion disc around the neutron star. One principal option is a large scale source, with R_s~10^13-14cm, assuming effective acceleration of electrons by shocks produced by the interaction of the jets with the dense atmosphere of the binary. The bulk of gamma-ray features could be explained by this model except modulations at the pulsar period, which would require a source with R_s<10^11cm. We consider hadronic and leptonic models for the formation of such a compact object. Both models predict the episodes of pulsed emission may be rare, of typical duration ~few hours, and the frequency of pulsations should be significantly shifted from the nominal frequency of the X-ray pulsar. The opportunities to distinguish between different models using future gamma-ray observations of this X-ray binary are discussed. (v. abridged), Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2001
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2. Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma Rays Associated with an X-ray Binary

Author

Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Berghaus, P., Bernlöhr, K., Boisson, C., Bolz, O., Borrel, V., Braun, I., Breitling, F., Brown, A. M., Gordo, J. Bussons, Chadwick, P. M., Cornils, R., Costamante, L., Degrange, B., Dickinson, H. J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dubus, G., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Espigat, P., Feinstein, F., Fleury, P., Fontaine, G., Fuchs, Y., Funk, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giebels, B., Gillessen, S., Glicenstein, J. F., Goret, P., Hadjichristidis, C., Hauser, M., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holleran, M., Horns, D., Jacholkowska, A., de Jager, O. C., Khélifi, B., Konopelko, A., Latham, I. J., Le Gallou, R., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Leroy, N., Lohse, T., Marcowith, A., Martineau-Huynh, O., Masterson, C., McComb, T. J. L., de Naurois, M., Nolan, S. J., Noutsos, A., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Ouchrif, M., Panter, M., Pelletier, G., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Raubenheimer, B. C., Raue, M., Raux, J., Rayner, S. M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ripken, J., Rob, L., Rolland, L., Rowell, G., Sahakian, V., Saugé, L., Schlenker, S., Schlickeiser, R., Schuster, C., Schwanke, U., Siewert, M., Sol, H., Spangler, D., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Terrier, R., Théoret, C. G., Tluczykont, M., Vasileiadis, G., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Völk, H. J., and Wagner, S. J.

Published
2005

3. A New Population of Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Sources in the Milky Way

Author

Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Berghaus, P., Bernlöhr, K., Boisson, C., Bolz, O., Borgmeier, C., Braun, I., Breitling, F., Brown, A. M., Gordo, J. Bussons, Chadwick, P. M., Cornils, R., Costamante, L., Degrange, B., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dubus, G., Ergin, T., Espigat, P., Feinstein, F., Fleury, P., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giebels, B., Gillessen, S., Goret, P., Hadjichristidis, C., Hauser, M., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holleran, M., Horns, D., de Jager, O. C., Jung, I., Khélifi, B., Konopelko, A., Latham, I. J., Le Gallou, R., Lemière, A., Lemoine, M., Leroy, N., Lohse, T., Marcowith, A., Masterson, C., McComb, T. J. L., de Naurois, M., Nolan, S. J., Noutsos, A., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Ouchrif, M., Panter, M., Pelletier, G., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Raubenheimer, B. C., Raue, M., Raux, J., Rayner, S. M., Redondo, I., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ripken, J., Rob, L., Rolland, L., Rowell, G., Sahakian, V., Saugé, L., Schlenker, S., Schlickeiser, R., Schuster, C., Schwanke, U., Siewert, M., Sol, H., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Terrier, R., Théoret, C. G., Tluczykont, M., van der Walt, D. J., Vasileiadis, G., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Visser, B., Völk, H. J., and Wagner, S. J.

Published
2005

4. Geomagnetic Effects on the Performance of Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescopes

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes are used to detect electromagnetic showers from primary gamma rays of energy > 300 GeV and to discriminate these from cascades due to hadrons using the shape and orientation of the Cerenkov images. The geomagnetic field affects the development of showers and diffuses and distorts the images. When the component of the field normal to the shower axis is sufficiently large (> 0.4 G) the performance of gamma ray telescopes may be affected., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference (Salt Lake City, 1999)

Published
1999

5. Measurements of Flux Limits for TeV Emission from AGNs

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., Murray, J. A., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The University of Durham Mark 6 Telescope has been used to make observations of a number of AGNs visible from the Southern Hemisphere. Results are presented for limits to VHE gamma ray emission from 1ES 0323+022, PKS 0829+046, 1ES 1101-232, Cen A, PKS 1514-24, RXJ 10578-275 and 1ES 2316-423, both for steady emission and for outbursts on timescales of ~ 1 day., Comment: 4 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference (Salt Lake City, 1999)

Published
1999

6. The energy spectra of TeV sources measured with the Durham Mark 6 Telescope

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A programme of detailed simulations of the response of the Durham Mark 6 atmospheric Cherenkov telescope is in progress. The effective collecting area for triggering by gamma-ray showers after application of selection criteria is derived as a function of energy. An initial result from the larger events in the 1996 and 1997 observations of the BL Lac PKS 2155-304 is that the time averaged flux above 1.5 TeV was (6.7 +/- 2.2) x 10^-8 m^-2 s^-1., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference (Salt Lake City, 1999)

Published
1999

7. TeV Gamma Ray Emission from Cen X-3

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Cen X-3 is a well-studied high-mass accreting X-ray binary and a variable source of high energy gamma rays from 100 MeV to 1 TeV. The object has been extensively monitored with the University of Durham Mark 6 telescope. Results of observations, including those taken in 1998 and 1999, are reported. There is no evidence for time variability in all the VHE data. There is also no evidence for correlation of the VHE flux with the X-ray flux detected by BATSE and RXTE/ASM. A search for periodic emission, at or close to the X-ray spin period, in the VHE data yielded a 3 sigma upper limit to the pulsed flux of 2.0 x 10^-12 cm^-2 s^-1., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference (Salt Lake City, 1999)

Published
1999

8. VHE Gamma Rays from PKS 2155-304

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The X-ray selected BL Lac PKS 2155-304 has been observed using the University of Durham Mark 6 very high energy gamma ray telescope during 1998. We find no evidence for TeV emission during these recent observations when the X-ray flux was observed to be low. We have reconsidered our measurements made in 1997 November when PKS 2155-304 was in a bright X-ray state and extended X-ray and GeV gamma ray observations were made as part of a multiwavelength campaign. Comparisons are made of the VHE emission during this time with the available data from other wavelengths., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference (Salt Lake City, 1999)

Published
1999

9. TeV Measurements of Young Pulsars and Supernova Remnants

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., Orford, K. J., O'Connell, M. G. G., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations have been made with the University of Durham Mark 6 telescope of a number of supernova remnants and young pulsars (Vela pulsar, PSR B1055-52, PSR J1105-6107, PSR J0537-6910 and PSR B0540-69). No VHE gamma ray emission, either steady or pulsed, has been detected from these objects., Comment: 4 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference (Salt Lake City, 1999)

Published
1999

10. Observations of TeV gamma rays from Markarian 501 at large zenith angles

Author

Chadwick, P M, Lyons, K, McComb, T J L, Orford, K J, Osborne, J L, Rayner, S M, Shaw, S E, and Turver, K E

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

TeV gamma rays from the blazar Markarian 501 have been detected with the University of Durham Mark 6 atmospheric Cerenkov telescope using the imaging technique at large zenith angles. Observations were made at zenith angles in the range 70 - 73 deg during 1997 July and August when Markarian 501 was undergoing a prolonged and strong flare., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. G.: Nucl. Part. Phys

Published
1999
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11. Geomagnetic effects on atmospheric Cerenkov images

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Roberts, I. D., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes are used to detect electromagnetic showers from primary gamma rays of energy ~300 GeV - ~10 TeV and to discriminate these from cascades due to hadrons using the Cerenkov images. The geomagnetic field affects the development of showers and is shown to diffuse and distort the images. When the component of the field normal to the shower axis is sufficiently large (> 0.4 G) the performance of gamma ray telescopes may be affected, although corrections should be possible., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure, accepted for publication in J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys

Published
1999
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12. A Search for VHE Gamma Rays from AGNs Visible from the Southern Hemisphere

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations have been made, using the University of Durham Mark 6 gamma ray telescope, of the very high energy gamma ray emission from a number of active galactic nuclei visible from the Southern hemisphere. Limits are presented to the VHE gamma ray emission from 1ES 0323+022, PKS 0829+046, 1ES 1101--232, Cen A, PKS 1514-24, RXJ 10578-275, and 1ES 2316-423, both for steady long-term emission and for outbursts of emission on timescales of 1 day., Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Ap. J

Published
1999
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13. PKS 2155-304 - a source of VHE gamma-rays

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., McQueen, S., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Shaw, S. E., Turver, K. E., and Wieczorek, G. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The close X-ray selected BL Lac PKS 2155--304 has been observed using the University of Durham Mark 6 very high energy (VHE) gamma ray telescope during 1996 September/October/November and 1997 October/November. VHE gamma rays with energy > 300 GeV were detected with a time-averaged integral flux of (4.2 +/- 0.7 (stat) +/- 2.0 (sys)) x 10^-11 cm^-2 s^-1. There is evidence for VHE gamma ray emission during our observations in 1996 September and 1997 October/November. The strongest emission was detected in 1997 November, when the object was producing the largest flux ever recorded in high-energy X-rays and was detected in > 100 MeV gamma-rays. The VHE and X-ray fluxes are correlated., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, presented at the VERITAS Workshop on the TeV Astrophysics of Extragalactic Objects, to be published in Astroparticle Physics

Published
1998
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14. Correlation between the TeV gamma ray and X-ray emission from an accreting X-ray binary

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., McQueen, S., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper has been withdrawn by the authors., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, presented at the VERITAS Workshop on the TeV Astrophysics of Extragalactic Objects

Published
1998

17. Invertebrate Responses to the Management of Genetically Modified Herbicide-Tolerant and Conventional Spring Crops. II. Within-Field Epigeal and Aerial Arthropods

Author

Haughton, A. J., Champion, G. T., Hawes, C., Heard, M. S., Brooks, D. R., Bohan, D. A., Clark, S. J., Dewar, A. M., Firbank, L. G., Osborne, J. L., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Roy, D. B., Scott, R. J., Woiwod, I. P., Birchall, C., Skellern, M. P., Walker, J. H., Baker, P., Browne, E. L., Dewar, A. J. G., Garner, B. H., Haylock, L. A., Horne, S. L., Mason, N. S., Sands, R. J. N., and Walker, M. J.

Published
2003

21. VHE Gamma Rays from PKS 2155-304

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Lyons, K., McComb, T. J. L., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Shaw, S. E., Turver, K. E., and Wieczorek, G. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The close X-ray selected BL Lac PKS 2155-304 has been observed using the University of Durham Mark 6 very high energy (VHE) gamma ray telescope during 1996 September/October/November and 1997 October/November. VHE gamma rays with energy > 300 GeV were detected from this object with a time-averaged integral flux of (4.2 +/- 0.7 (stat) +/- 2.0 (sys)) x 10^(-11) per cm2 per s. There is evidence for VHE gamma ray emission during our observations in 1996 September and 1997 October/November, with the strongest emission being detected in 1997 November, when the object was producing the largest flux ever recorded in high-energy X-rays and was detected in > 100 MeV gamma-rays. The VHE and X-ray fluxes show evidence of a correlation., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Ap. J

Published
1998
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22. TeV gamma rays from PSR 1706-44

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Dickinson, M. R., Dipper, N. A., Holder, J., Kendall, T. R., McComb, T. J. L., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Roberts, I. D., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations made with the University of Durham Mark 6 atmospheric Cerenkov telescope confirm that PSR B1706-44 is a very high energy gamma-ray emitter. There is no indication from our dataset that the very high energy gamma-rays are pulsed, in contrast to the findings at < 20 GeV, which indicate that more than 80% of the flux is pulsed. The flux at E > 300 GeV is estimated to be (3.9 +/- 0.7 (statistical)) x 10^-11 cm^-2 s^-1., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Published
1998
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23. Centaurus X-3 - A Source of High Energy Gamma Rays

Author

Chadwick, P. M., Dickinson, M. R., Dipper, N. A., Kendall, T. R., McComb, T. J. L., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Rayner, S. M., Roberts, I. D., Shaw, S. E., and Turver, K. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Centaurus X-3 is a well-studied high-mass accreting X-ray binary and a variable source of high energy gamma rays with energies from 100 MeV to 1 TeV. Previous results have suggested that the origin of the gamma rays is not the immediate vicinity of the neutron star but is sited in the accretion disc, perhaps in an accretion wake. The Durham Mark 6 gamma ray telescope has been used to measure the gamma ray flux from Centaurus X-3 with much higher sensitivity than previous ground-based measurements. The flux above ~ 400 GeV was measured to be (2 +/- 0.3) x 10^-11 cm^-2 s^-1 and appears constant over a period of 2 - 3 months. In 10 hours of observations there is no evidence for periodicity in the detected gamma rays at the X-ray spin period either from a site in the region of the neutron star, or from any other potential site in the orbit., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal

Published
1998
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26. Meta-analysis reveals that pollinator functional diversity and abundance enhance crop pollination and yield

Author

Woodcock, B. A., Garratt, M. P. D., Powney, G. D., Shaw, R. F., Osborne, J. L., Soroka, J., Lindström, S. A. M., Stanley, D., Ouvrard, P., Edwards, M. E., Jauker, F., McCracken, M. E., Zou, Y., Potts, S. G., Rundlöf, M., Noriega, J. A., Greenop, A., Smith, H. G., Bommarco, R., van der Werf, W., Stout, J. C., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Morandin, L., Bullock, J. M., and Pywell, R. F.

Published
2019
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28. Fast Variability of Tera-Electron Volt γ Rays from the Radio Galaxy M87

Author

Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Boisson, C., Bolz, O., Borrel, V., Braun, I., Brown, A. M., Bühler, R., Büsching, I., Carrigan, S., Chadwick, P. M., Chounet, L.-M., Coignet, G., Cornils, R., Costamante, L., Degrange, B., Dickinson, H. J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Drury, L. O'C., Dubus, G., Egberts, K., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Espigat, P., Feinstein, F., Ferrero, E., Fiasson, A., Fontaine, G., Funk, Seb., Funk, S., Füßling, M., Gallant, Y. A., Giebels, B., Glicenstein, J. F., Goret, P., Hadjichristidis, C., Hauser, D., Hauser, M., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hoffmann, A., Hofmann, W., Holleran, M., Hoppe, S., Horns, D., Jacholkowska, A., de Jager, O. C., Kendziorra, E., Kerschhaggl, M., Khélifi, B., Komin, Nu., Konopelko, A., Kosack, K., Lamanna, G., Latham, I. J., Le Gallou, R., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J.-P., Lohse, T., Martin, J. M., Martineau-Huynh, O., Marcowith, A., Masterson, C., Maurin, G., McComb, T. J. L., Moulin, E., de Naurois, M., Nedbal, D., Nolan, S. J., Noutsos, A., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Ouchrif, M., Panter, M., Pelletier, G., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Ranchon, S., Raubenheimer, B. C., Raue, M., Rayner, S. M., Reimer, A., Ripken, J., Rob, L., Rolland, L., Rosier-Lees, S., Rowell, G., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Saugé, L., Schlenker, S., Schlickeiser, R., Schröder, R., Schwanke, U., Schwarzburg, S., Schwemmer, S., Shalchi, A., Sol, H., Spangler, D., Spanier, F., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Superina, G., Tam, P. H., Tavernet, J.-P., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., van Eldik, C., Vasileiadis, G., Venter, C., Vialle, J. P., Vincent, P., Völk, H. J., Wagner, S. J., and Ward, M.

Published
2006
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36. A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by γ-rays from blazars

Author

Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Boisson, C., Bolz, O., Borrel, V., Braun, I., Breitling, F., Brown, A. M., Chadwick, P. M., Chounet, L.-M., Cornils, R., Costamante, L., Degrange, B., Dickinson, H. J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Drury, L. O'C., Dubus, G., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Espigat, P., Feinstein, F., Fontaine, G., Fuchs, Y., Funk, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giebels, B., Gillessen, S., Glicenstein, J. F., Goret, P., Hadjichristidis, C., Hauser, D., Hauser, M., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holleran, M., Horns, D., Jacholkowska, A., de Jager, O. C., Khélifi, B., Klages, S., Komin, Nu., Konopelko, A., Latham, I. J., Le Gallou, R., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Leroy, N., Lohse, T., Martin, J. M., Martineau-Huynh, O., Marcowith, A., Masterson, C., McComb, T. J. L., de Naurois, M., Nolan, S. J., Noutsos, A., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Ouchrif, M., Panter, M., Pelletier, G., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Raubenheimer, B. C., Raue, M., Raux, J., Rayner, S. M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ripken, J., Rob, L., Rolland, L., Rowell, G., Sahakian, V., Saugé, L., Schlenker, S., Schlickeiser, R., Schuster, C., Schwanke, U., Siewert, M., Sol, H., Spangler, D., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Tavernet, J.-P., Terrier, R., Théoret, C. G., Tluczykont, M., van Eldik, C., Vasileiadis, G., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Völk, H. J., and Wagner, S. J.

Published
2006
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37. Discovery of very-high-energy γ-rays from the Galactic Centre ridge

Author

Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Bernlohr, K., Boisson, C., Bolz, O., Borrel, V., Braun, I., Breitling, F., Brown, A. M., Chadwick, P. M., Chounet, L.-M., Cornils, R., Costamante, L., Degrange, B., Dickinson, H. J., Djannati-Atai, A., Drury, L. O'C., Dubus, G., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Espigat, P., Feinstein, F., Fontaine, G., Fuchs, Y., Funk, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giebels, B., Gillessen, S., Glicenstein, J. F., Goret, P., Hadjichristidis, C., Hauser, D., Hauser, M., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holleran, M., Horns, D., Jacholkowska, A., de Jager, O. C., Khelifi, B., Klages, S., Komin, Nu., Konopelko, A., Latham, I. J., Le Gallou, R., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Leroy, N., Lohse, T., Marcowith, A., Martin, J. M., Martineau-Huynh, O., Masterson, C., McComb, T. J. L., de Naurois, M., Nolan, S. J., Noutsos, A., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Ouchrif, M., Panter, M., Pelletier, G., Pita, S., Puhlhofer, G., Punch, M., Raubenheimer, B. C., Raue, M., Raux, J., Rayner, S. M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ripken, J., Rob, L., Rolland, L., Rowell, G., Sahakian, V., Sauge, L., Schlenker, S., Schlickeiser, R., Schuster, C., Schwanke, U., Siewert, M., Sol, H., Spangler, D., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Tavernet, J.-P., Terrier, R., Theoret, C. G., Tluczykont, M., van Eldik, C., Vasileiadis, G., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Volk, H. J., and Wagner, S. J.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): F. Aharonian [1]; A. G. Akhperjanian [2]; A. R. Bazer-Bachi [3]; M. Beilicke [4]; W. Benbow [1]; D. Berge [1]; K. Bernlohr [1, 5]; C. Boisson [6]; O. Bolz [...]

Published
2006
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39. An analysis of the nuclear interactions of high energy cosmic rays

Author

Osborne, J. L.

Subjects
520
Abstract

A study of kaon production in high energy nucleon-air nucleus collisions in the atmosphere; has been made based on the muon momentum spectrum at sea level. Starting from the measured vertical momentum spectrum the spectra at zenith angles between 75º and 90º have been predicted for various admixtures: of kaons and pions, taking into account all decay modes: of both charged and neutral kaons. The predicted values are compared with the intensities measured using the Durham horizontal muon spectrographs Although the method of computation allows the spectra to be predicted to an accuracy of 1% the present statistical errors on both the vertical and horizontal intensities are such that only an upper limit to R, the ratio of intensities at production of kaons to pions of all charge states, can be given; this has a value of about kOfo over a range of mesoa energies from about 70 G-eV to 1000 GeV. In order to extend the determination of the value of R to lower and higher energies respectively, reviews have been made of measurements of muon polarization at sea level and of the intensity of the electro magnetic cascades at various heights in the atmosphere. Combining the three methods an estimate is given of R over a range of meson energies from. 3 GeV tc 5000 GeV. If R is taken to be independent of energy a value of 20% would fit the data best over the whole energy range, but the error on this value approaches ± 20%.Comparing R with Ri, the observed ratio of numbers of non-pions to pions produced in individual interactions, it is concluded that, provided that the majority of non-pions are kaons, there is no evidence for the effective mean energies of pions and kaons from individual nuclear interactions being different in the range of primary energies from 10 GeV to 10(^5) GeV. Using the measured vertical spectrum of muons the energy spectra and angular distribution of neutrinos at sea level are calculated. The information is used in the interpretation of the preliminary results from, the Tata Institute-Osaka-Durham joint neutrino experiment in progress at the Kolar Gold Field Comparison of observed rates of events with rates predicted from extrapolation to higher energies of machine results on neutrino-nucleus collisions indicates that the cross-section for inelastic interactions continues to rise above 10 GeV Support for this conclusion is provided by the first results of the Case Institute-Witwatersrand University neutrino experiment. The possibility is discussed of detecting the hypothetical Intermediate Boson of weak interactions.

Published
1966

43. High-energy particle acceleration in the shell of a supernova remnant

Author

Aharonian, F. A., Akhperjanian, A. G., Aye, K.-M., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Berghaus, P., Bernlöhr, K., Bolz, O., Boisson, C., Borgmeier, C., Breitling, F., Brown, A. M., Gordo, J. Bussons, Chadwick, P. M., Chitnis, V. R., Chounet, L.-M., Cornils, R., Costamante, L., Degrange, B., Djannati-Ataï, A., Drury, L. O'C., Ergin, T., Espigat, P., Feinstein, F., Fleury, P., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giebels, B., Gillessen, S., Goret, P., Guy, J., Hadjichristidis, C., Hauser, M., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holleran, M., Horns, D., de Jager, O. C., Jung, I., Khélifi, B., Komin, Nu., Konopelko, A., Latham, I. J., Le Gallou, R., Lemoine, M., Lemière, A., Leroy, N., Lohse, T., Marcowith, A., Masterson, C., McComb, T. J. L., de Naurois, M., Nolan, S. J., Noutsos, A., Orford, K. J., Osborne, J. L., Ouchrif, M., Panter, M., Pelletier, G., Pita, S., Pohl, M., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Raubenheimer, B. C., Raue, M., Raux, J., Rayner, S. M., Redondo, I., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ripken, J., Rivoal, M., Rob, L., Rolland, L., Rowell, G., Sahakian, V., Saugé, L., Schlenker, S., Schlickeiser, R., Schuster, C., Schwanke, U., Siewert, M., Sol, H., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Tavernet, J.-P., Théoret, C. G., Tluczykont, M., van der Walt, D. J., Vasileiadis, G., Vincent, P., Visser, B., Völk, H. J., and Wagner, S. J.

Published
2004

47. Tracking bees with harmonic radar

Author

Riley, J. R., Smith, A. D., Reynolds, D. R., Edwards, A. S., Osborne, J. L., Williams, I. H., Carreck, N. L., and Poppy, G. M.

Published
1996

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