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Masamichi Fukuda, Shinsuke Shibata, Naoko Shibata, Kenta Hagihara, Hiromoto Yaguchi, Hiromi Osada, Nobuo Takahashi, Eri Kubo, Hiroshi SasakiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, JapanPurpose: To investigate the safety of five types of antiglaucoma prostaglandin analog ophthalmic formulations, and to clarify their differences in accordance with contained additives (preservatives and surface-active agents).Methods: The following five types of ophthalmic solutions and three types of additives were investigated: latanoprost (Xalatan®; latanoprost), tafluprost (Tapros®; tafluprost), bimatoprost (Lumigan®; bimatoprost), travoprost (Travatan®; travoprost), travoprost (Travatan Z®; travoprost-Z), benzalkonium chloride (BAK), polyoxyethylene hardening castor oil 40 (HCO-40), and polysorbate 80 (P-80). These experimental solutions were exposed to the cultured cells of a rabbit-derived corneal cell line for a certain time, and the exposure time causing 50% cell damage (CD50), indicated by the ratio of viable cells to total cells was calculated (in vitro). In addition, corneal resistance (CR) was measured and CR ratio (post-treatment CR/pretreatment CR × 100) was calculated (in vivo).Results: CD50 of each ophthalmic solution was the longest with tafluprost, followed by travoprost-Z, bimatoprost, travoprost, and latanoprost. CD50 of 0.005%, 0.01%, and 0.02% BAK was 14.5 minutes, 8.1 minutes, and 4.0 minutes, respectively. The number of viable cells decreased to 60%, 8 minutes after exposure with HCO-40, and 30 minutes after being exposed to P-80. The CR ratio was 81.0% with travoprost and 82.0% with latanoprost, indicating a significant posttreatment reduction of CR (P < 0.05). The CR ratio did not decrease after treatment with tafluprost, travoprost-Z, or bimatoprost. The CR ratio of 0.005%, 0.01%, and 0.02% BAK was 105.0%, 90.5%, and 68.7%, respectively, and that of HCO-40 and P-80 was 108.7% and 114.2%, respectively.Conclusion: BAK, HCO-40, and P-80 were thought to be involved in corneal injuries caused by each ophthalmic solution. Corneal injuries due to surface action were observed when using HCO-40 and P-80. When HCO-40 was combined with BAK, it induced micellar BAK and reduced corneal injuries by BAK.Keywords: corneal resistance measuring device, additives, prostaglandin analogs, surface-active agents, corneal epithelial injury

Formation of a ZnO2 layer by H2O2 treatment for single crystal ZnO (0001) substrates was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of ZnO2 with a pyrite structure were observed in XRD 2θ-ω scan patterns of the O-face of single crystal ZnO (0001) substrates with H2O2 treatment, but these peaks were not observed in patterns of the Zn-face of ZnO (0001) substrates with H2O2 treatment. XRD ω scan patterns of the ZnO (0002) plane of the O-face of single crystal ZnO (0001) substrates were broadened at the tail of the pattern by H2O2 treatment, but such broadening was not observed in that plane of the Zn-face. Grain structure of ZnO2 layers was clearly observed in atomic force microscopy (AFM) images for the O-face of ZnO (0001) substrates with H2O2 treatment. Spectra of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the O-face of ZnO (0001) substrates with H2O2 treatment showed a definite peak shift of the O 1s peak. It is thought that a pyrite structure of ZnO2 is easily formed around an O atom of the O-face of ZnO (0001) substrates. Results of XRD measurements, the AFM image, and XPS measurement of the H2O2-treated single crystal ZnO ([formula]) substrate that has oxygen atoms on the surface appeared to be the same as those of the O-face of ZnO (0001) substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a contactless power transmission system using a new meander type coil. Effectiveness for stabilizing the amount of the transmitted power against a load displacement and suppressing electromagnetic noise emission is the features of meander type coils. Maximum power is transmitted when the pitch of the transmitter coil corresponds to the receiver shape. An Active Excitation System was realized using circuit in which the relative position between transmitter and receiver coils are always assured. Furthermore the system result is an optimal distribution of flux. Therefore, the receiver position is cleared and transmitter-pitch is set up optimally. Index Terms - Contactless, Transformer, Meander, Moving load, Optional pitch interval, Active Excitation System.

The pyro photosensor PPS with 1.0 [[micro]meter]-thickness is a device utilizing the magnetic property of the thermally-sensitive ferri magnetic thin film with low Curie temperature. The conventional photo-magnetic semiconductor using a thick film with 55 [[micro]meter]-thickness has a slow response and a large size, while the PPS is characterized by a quick pulse response and a high sensitivity. When light is radiated to the PPS, the PPS absorbs light energy which causes the reluctance change to the PPS. The reluctance change can be read out by a magnetoresistance element and it is converted into voltage of which the peak value grows with an increase in illuminance. The PPS is useful as a magnetic sensor instead of the electric photo sensors. Index Terms - Magnetoresistance element, photosensor, pyromagnetic effect, thermally-sensitive magnetic thin film.