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The article outlines fundamentals of teaching computer modeling applied to comparative analysis of the draft territory plan. Mathematical models based on various metrics and measures of interaction of plan elements are considered. В статье описывается методика обучения компьютерному моделированию в приложении к сравнительному анализу проектов плана территории. Рассматриваются математические модели на основе различных метрик и мер взаимодействия элементов плана.

The article describes a modeling method with reference to comparative analysis of architectural planning proposals for a space or area. The mathematical models considered are based on the use of various measures of interaction between elements of the plan.

A new high current uranium ion source and dedicated Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) will be built at the GSI High Current Injector (HSI). This LEBT will be integrated into the existing complex which already comprises two branches. The paper presents the design and dynamics simulation using the TRACE-3D and TRACK code. The simulation results illustrate that this straight LEBT can transport uranium beams over a wide range of space-charge compensation, and can provide 15.4 (14.2) mA U 4 + inside of the effective acceptance of the subsequent RFQ assuming the space-charge is compensated to 100% (95%).

The generation of intense ion beams from high-intensity laser-generated plasmas has been the focus of research for the last decade. In the LIGHT collaboration the expertise of heavy ion accelerator scientists and laser and plasma physicists has been combined to investigate the prospect of merging these ion beams with conventional accelerator technology and exploring the possibilities of future applications. We report about the goals and first results of the LIGHT collaboration to generate, handle and transport laser driven ion beams. This effort constitutes an important step in research for next generation accelerator technologies.

A new low energy beam transport for a multicharge uranium beam will be built at the GSI High Current Injector (HSI). All uranium charge states coming from the new ion source will be injected into GSI heavy ion high current HSI Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), but only the design ions U^{4+} will be accelerated to the final RFQ energy. A detailed knowledge about injected beam current and emittance for pure design U^{4+} ions is necessary for a proper beam line design commissioning and operation, while measurements are possible only for a full beam including all charge states. Detailed measurements of the beam current and emittance are performed behind the first quadrupole triplet of the beam line. A dedicated algorithm, based on a combination of measurements and the results of advanced beam dynamics simulations, provides for an extraction of beam current and emittance values for only the U^{4+} component of the beam. The proposed methods and obtained results are presented.

GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1

GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1

The paper deals with designing a set of self-study assignments for USAAA students under FGOS 3 applied to computer-assisted subjects В статье рассмотрены варианты заданий для самостоятельной работы студентов УралГАХА в рамках ФГОС 3, применяемые при изучении дисциплин, связанных с компьютерными технологиями

Cytoglioarchitectonic and quantitative methods were used to study the characteristics of neuroglial relationships in fields in the frontal areas of the male and female brains. Series of frontal paraffin sections of thickness 20 microm stained by the Nissl method were used to study fields 8, 12, 47, and 10. In layers III and V of the right and left hemispheres, the densities of pyramidal neurons (N), satellite gliocytes (SG), and N surrounded by SG (SN) per 0.001 mm3, and the SN/N ratio (%) were useful measures of the functional-metabolic activity of the brain. In women, SG, SN, and SN/N were higher in fields 12, 47, and 10 than in men, but were lower in field 8. It is suggested that cortical N have greater metabolic activity in women in emotional-volitional and "intellectual" structures, while men have more N in the motor areas.

GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1

Работа посвящена проблеме эволюции городской планировки в процессе развития городского пространства. На основе синергетической модели с использованием уравнения реакции-диффузии показаны, в частности, причины изменения радиальной планировки на ортогональную и трёхмерную. Сборник выпущен при поддержке Фонда содействия развитию УрФУ имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина

The generation of intense ion beams from high-intensity laser-generated plasmas has been the focus of research for the last decade. In the LIGHT collaboration the expertise of heavy ion accelerator scientists and laser and plasma physicists has been combined to investigate the prospect of merging these ion beams with conventional accelerator technology and exploring the possibilities of future applications. We report about the goals and first results of the LIGHT collaboration to generate, handle and transport laser driven ion beams. This effort constitutes an important step in research for next generation accelerator technologies.

A new Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) for multi-charge uranium beam will be built at GSI High Current Injector. All uranium charge states coming from the new ion source will be injected into GSI heavy ion high current HSI-RFQ, but only design ions U⁴⁺ will be accelerated to the final RFQ energy. A detailed knowledge about injected beam- current and -emittance for pure design U⁴⁺ ions is necessary for a proper beam line design commissioning and operation, while the measurements are possible only for a full beam including all charge states. Detailed measurements of beam current and emittance are performed behind the first quadrupole triplet at the beam line. A dedicated algorithm, based on combination of measurements and results of an advanced beam dynamics simulations, provides for an extraction of beam- current and -emittance for only U⁴⁺ component of a beam. The obtained results and final beam dynamics design for the new straight beam line are presented., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1

A new high energy heavy-ion injector (HE-Linac) for the FAIR project was proposed as replacement for the existing post-stripper linac at the GSI UNILAC. Six 10⁸ MHz IH-type drift-tube linac cavities within a total length of about 24 m accelerate the ions (up to U²⁸⁺) from 1.4 MeV/u up to 11.4 MeV/u. Fast pulsed quadrupole triplet lenses are used for transverse focusing in between the IH cavities. The optimization of the HE linac with respect to the emittance growth reduction is investigated., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

A dedicated high current uranium ion source and LEBT will be built at the GSI High Current Injector (HSI), to fulfil the intensity requirements for FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research at Darmstadt). This new injection line will be integrated into the existing complex which already comprises two branches. The new LEBT is designed as a straight injection line without dipole magnet, i.e. without dispersive charge state separation. All uranium charge states, coming from the ion source, are transported to the heavy ion high current GSI-HSI-RFQ. Only the design charge state U⁴⁺ is accelerated to the final RFQ energy. The new LEBT design is based on beam emittance and current measurements behind the existing ion source. Beam dynamics simulations have been performed with the codes TRACE-3D (envelopes), DYNAMION, BEAMPATH and TRACK (multiparticle). The recent layout of the LEBT, as well as the results of beam dynamics studies are presented., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1

Experimental results in laser acceleration of protons and ions and theoretical predictions that the currently achieved energies might be raised by factors 5--10 in the next few years have stimulated research exploring this new technology for oncology as a compact alternative to conventional synchrotron based accelerator technology. The emphasis of this paper is on collection and focusing of the laser produced particles by using simulation data from a specific laser acceleration model. We present a scaling law for the ``chromatic emittance'' of the collector---here assumed as a solenoid lens---and apply it to the particle energy and angular spectra of the simulation output. For a 10 Hz laser system we find that particle collection by a solenoid magnet well satisfies requirements of intensity and beam quality as needed for depth scanning irradiation. This includes a sufficiently large safety margin for intensity, whereas a scheme without collection---by using mere aperture collimation---hardly reaches the needed intensities.

A modern linear accelerator of ions is a long chain of different accelerating-focusing structures. The design of new linacs, as well as an upgrade and optimization of operating facilities, requires precise and reliable beam matching with the subsequent sections. Proper matching of the beam to the channel allows to improve the performance of the whole linac and to reduce the specific costs. Additionally it helps to avoide particle loss in high energy high intensity linacs. Generally a matching algorithm combines precisely measured or calculated accelerating-focusing external fields and experimentally obtained details of the beam parameters with an advanced code for beam dynamics simulations including space charge effects. Experimental results are introduced into a code as input data. The described algorithm has already been successfully implemented for several GSI projects: an upgrade of the GSI heavy ion linac UNILAC, an ion linac for the cancer therapy, the proton linac for the FAIR facility, a facility for laser acceleration of ions and others. Measured data and results of beam dynamics simulations leading to an achieved improvement of the linac performance are presented.

The super heavy element research is one of the outstanding projects at GSI. At SHIP* six new elements have been discovered; moreover, nuclear chemical experiments with transactinides were recently performed at TASCA**. This experimental program strongly benefits from high average beam intensities. In the past beam currents were raised significantly by a number of improvements. The present upgrade program comprises the installation of a superconducting (sc) 28 GHz ECR ion source, a new frontend (low energy beam transport and RFQ), and, in the long term, an sc cw Linac. For the short term, the new RFQ will raise the duty factor by a factor of two (50%), limited by the following accelerator only. This bottleneck will be resolved by the applied cw Linac. Beam tests with a newly developed sc CH cavity are scheduled for 2012. The setup of the RFQ as the major upgrade of the 20 year old HLI*** is in progress, the commissioning will be finished in March 2010. Besides a higher duty factor, improved longitudinal beam quality and transmission are expected. This paper reports on the challenging rf and beam commissioning., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan

We have studied the combined influence of magnet nonlinearities, space charge and bunch shapes consistent with different RF scenarios on the long-term loss in the planned SIS100 synchrotron of the FAIR project. The simulation is a 3D tracking with” frozen-in” space charge calculation employing the MICROMAP code. Comparing a one-harmonic RF scenario with an alternative double-harmonic scenario we find that for the same absolute beam loss roughly twice the number of particles can be stored in the double-RF system. Moreover, a barrier bucket RF scenario is found to be loss-free. This is due to the fact that loss is caused here by space-charge induced periodic resonance crossing, which is absent for the strictly flat bunch profile of the barrier case.

In the framework of the HIPPI project a 3D linac code comparison and benchmarking program have been initiated. Particular attention is devoted to the validation of the space charge solvers, comparing the calculated electric field of a common initial distribution with a semi‐analytical solution. In order to study the effects of numerical noise on the single particle dynamics, also the calculated single particle tune is compared with an analytical prediction. Particle tracking is eventually compared using the lattice of UNILAC DTL section, in preparation of validation with experimental emittance measurements to be carried out in the next two years.

A comparative investigation on the development of fields in the brain cortical frontal area and in the caudate nucleus was performed in pre- and postnatal life of the monkey and the man. Cyto- and myeloarchitectonics and quantitative methods were applied. Volumes of fields 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 47, complex of fields 44+45+56 and the caudate nucleus were measured, the size of neuronal bodies was determined. A definite connection in the development of the caudate nucleus and the fields of the frontal area was stated. The development of these formations was found to proceed unevenly: to a definite period, the development of the caudate nucleus dominates (in Macacus ontogenesis--up to a half--one year of life, in human ontogenesis--up to 2-4 years of life). Then the development of the caudate nucleus becomes slower comparing that of the frontal fields.