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2. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas in Patients with AIDS

Author

Tirelli, U., Vaccher, E., Errante, D., Crosato, I., Rezza, G., Lazzarin, A., Foà, R., Pileri, S., Carbone, A., Ambrosini, G., Andriani, A., Barberis, M., Barbui, M., Bernasconi, C., Silvestroni, I. Bianco, Borri, A., Bottinelli, G., Broccia, G., Bullian, P. L., Cajozzo, A., Cargnel, A., Cazzaniga, P., Chiodo, F., Chisesi, T., Clerici, M., Costigliola, P., Crocchiolo, P., De Lalla, F., Della Santa, M., Dessalvi, P., Fiaccadori, F., Figoli, F., Florentino, M., Franchi, M., Garavelli, P. L., Gherlinzoni, F., Gianelli, F., Giudici, M. G., Guglielmi, C., Deliliers, G. Lambertenghi, Lanza, F., Lombardi, F., Luzi, G., Luzzati, R., Malfitano, A., Malleo, C., Mandelli, F., Marangolo, M., Maringos, A., Martignoni, G., Milo, D., Montesarchio, V., Ortona, L., Palmieri, G., Parrinello, E. A., Piersantelli, N., Pizzoccaro, G., Pristerà, C., Puppo, F., Quaglino, A., Raise, E., Riccardi, A., Ricchi, E., Rizzardini, G., Rizzi, M., Rizzo, F., Rosci, A. M., Rossi, G., Sabbatani, S., Saliva, G., Salvi, G., Saracchini, S., Scalise, G., Scanni, A., Sinicco, A., Sorio, R., Squadrini, V. A., Stellini, R., Pansa, V. Stracca, Sulis, E., Surbone, A., Terragna, A., Tognetti, A., Vaglia, A., Zagni, R., Zagonel, V., Gavosto, F., Monfardini, S., Veronesi, U., editor, and Monfardini, Silvio, editor

Published
1990
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11. A randomized, double-blind trial on the use of a triple combination including nevirapine, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase HIV inhibitor, in antiretroviral-naive patients with advanced disease

Author

Floridia, M., Bucciardini, R., Ricciardulli, D., Fragola, V., Pirillo, M.F., Weimer, L.E., Tomino, C., Giannini, G., Galluzzo, C.M., Andreotti, M., Cargnel, A., Alberici, F., De Rienzo, B., Leoncini, F., Fiaccadori, F., Francisci, D., Grillone, W., Ortona, L., Piazza, M., Scalzini, A., Nigra, E., Tumietto, F., and Vella, S.

Subjects
HIV infection -- Drug therapy, Zidovudine -- Evaluation, Didanosine -- Evaluation, Health
Abstract

Triple combination therapy with nevirapine, zidovudine and didanosine appears to be effective even in patients with advanced HIV infection. Nevirapine belongs to a class of drugs called nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Researchers randomly assigned 68 patients with advanced HIV infection to take nevirapine, zidovudine and didanosine or zidovudine and didanosine. None of the patients had received AIDS drugs in the past. Those receiving triple therapy had greater reductions in viral levels and greater increases in CD4 T cell counts comparing to those taking two drugs.

Published
1999

14. Bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients: analysis of risk factors and prognostic indicators

Author

Tumbarello, M., Tacconelli, E., de Gaetano, K., Ardito, F., Pirronti, T., Cauda, R., and Ortona, L.

Subjects
Bacterial pneumonia -- Risk factors, Nosocomial infections -- Risk factors, HIV patients -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

There is a variety of risk factors and indicators for prognosis for bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. Intravenous drug abuse (IVDA), cigarette smoking, cirrhosis, and previous pneumonia were risks for generally-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Length of hospital stay was a risk factor for nosocomial bacterial pneumonia. Low T CD4 cell count was a risk for both types. Since the variables affect not only the level of risk but also the prognosis, physicians need to address them in developing therapeutic responses.

Published
1998

19. Hepatotoxicity Development During Antiretroviral Therapy Containing Protease Inhibitors in Patients With HIV

Author

Aceti, A, Pasquazzi, C, Zechini, B, De Bac, C, Liverhaart, Group, Cargnel, A, Giorgi, R, Carosi, G, Torti, C, Chiodo, F, Giuliani, R, Concia, Ercole, Cainelli, F, Ghinelli, F, Roda, R, Mazzotta, F, Pierotti, L, Milazzo, F, Fagion, I, Minoli, L, Rizzi, L, Mura, Ms, Sotgiu, G, Ortona, L, Di Gianbenedetto, S, Pastore, G, Cavaliere, R, Piazza, M, Maddaloni, L, Sagnelli, E, Nacca, C, Scalise, G, Del Prete MS, Vullo, V, and Santopadre, P.

Subjects
Adult, Male, hepatotoxicity, Time Factors, Hepatitis C virus, protease inhibitors, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Antiviral Agents, Risk Factors, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), Retrospective Studies, Hepatitis, Ritonavir, business.industry, HIV, Alanine Transaminase, Bilirubin, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Viral Load, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, Hepatitis C, ART, hepatotoxicity, hepatitis C or B virus, HIV, protease inhibitors, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic, Immunology, Coinfection, Regression Analysis, Female, hepatitis C or B virus, business, Viral hepatitis, Viral load, ART, medicine.drug
Abstract

To evaluate the occurrence of hepatotoxicity in patients during antiretroviral therapy (ART) that contains protease inhibitors and the role of hepatitis viruses in its development, we performed a retrospective study including 1325 HIV-infected patients treated with ART for at least 6 months. Presence or absence of hepatitis viruses, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, CD4 cell count, and plasma HIV RNA levels were evaluated. Hepatotoxicity developed in a few study subjects without coinfection, whereas it was significantly higher in coinfected patients. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that viral hepatitis coinfections are independent risk factors for hepatotoxicity. After 6 months of treatment, ritonavir was associated with higher rates of severe hepatotoxicity in the coinfected group; in fact, ritonavir seems to be the most strongly hepatotoxic agent among coinfected patients. After 12 months of therapy, hepatotoxicity occurred more frequently in patients with hepatitis C virus who did not respond to antiretroviral therapy (ART), whereas patients who did respond to ART showed decreased ALT levels. Hepatotoxicity is not exclusively an effect of drug toxicity, and the presence of hepatitis coinfection is an independent risk factor. Moreover, chronic hepatotoxicity mainly occurs in patients who did not respond to therapy. Conversely, patients who did respond to ART seemed to show improvement of chronic liver infection.

Published
2002

21. Bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. Analysis of risk factors and prognostic indicators

Author

Tumbarello, Mario, Tacconelli, Evelina, De Gaetano Donati, Katleen, Tumbarello, M, Tacconelli, E, Cauda, R, Ortona, L., Tumbarello, Mario (ORCID:0000-0002-9519-8552), Tacconelli, Evelina (ORCID:0000-0001-8722-5824), Tumbarello M, Tacconelli E, Cauda R, Ortona L., Tumbarello, Mario, Tacconelli, Evelina, De Gaetano Donati, Katleen, Tumbarello, M, Tacconelli, E, Cauda, R, Ortona, L., Tumbarello, Mario (ORCID:0000-0002-9519-8552), Tacconelli, Evelina (ORCID:0000-0001-8722-5824), Tumbarello M, Tacconelli E, Cauda R, and Ortona L.

Published
1998

22. Surveillance of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance: Results of the 1998/1999 proficiency testing in Italy

Author

Migliori GB, Ambrosetti M, Fattorini L, Penati V, Vaccarino P, Besozzi G, Ortona L, Saltini C, Orefici G, Moro ML, Iona E, Cassone A, De Santis A, Giorgio V, Vinciguerra P, Angarano G, Petrozzi L, Costa D, Gozzellino F, Perboni A, Marchetti D, Pascali A, Falcone F, Mariano V, Rizza F, Pretto P, Turano A, Matteelli A, Carosi GP, Tedoldi S, Pinsi G, Farris AG, Ligia GP, Orani G, Farris B, Foschi C, Trucco G, Aiolfi S, Ceruti T, Parpanesi M, Calabro S, Felisatti G, Tortoli E, Nutini S, Montini G, Fiorentini F, D'Ambrosio V, Ceraminiello A, Bernorio S, Buono L, Montesano P, Vinci E, Sabato E, Gamba S, Crepaldi P, Bertoli G, Rupianesi F, Losi M, Richeldi L, Ferrara G, Muccio E, Napolitano G, Molinari GL, Saini L, Garzone A, Vertuccio C, Marcias, Menozzi, Marone P, Peona, Nascimbene, Pasi, Cascina, Casali, Monaco, Penza, Pasticci, M.B., Bistoni, Sposini, Colorizio, Confalonieri M, Bottrighi P, Orsi, Schiavi, Macor, Moretti, Fatigante, Barbaro, Agati, Zacarra, Viola, Le Donne, Farinelli, Mancini, Ermeti, Migliori, Gb, Ambrosetti, M, Fattorini, L, Penati, V, Vaccarino, P, Besozzi, G, Ortona, L, Saltini, C, Orefici, G, Moro, Ml, Iona, E, Cassone, A, De Santis, A, Giorgio, V, Vinciguerra, P, Angarano, G, Petrozzi, L, Costa, D, Gozzellino, F, Perboni, A, Marchetti, D, Pascali, A, Falcone, F, Mariano, V, Rizza, F, Pretto, P, Turano, A, Matteelli, A, Carosi, Gp, Tedoldi, S, Pinsi, G, Farris, Ag, Ligia, Gp, Orani, G, Farris, B, Foschi, C, Trucco, G, Aiolfi, S, Ceruti, T, Parpanesi, M, Calabro, S, Felisatti, G, Tortoli, E, Nutini, S, Montini, G, Fiorentini, F, D'Ambrosio, V, Ceraminiello, A, Bernorio, S, Buono, L, Montesano, P, Vinci, E, Sabato, E, Gamba, S, Crepaldi, P, Bertoli, G, Rupianesi, F, Losi, M, Richeldi, L, Ferrara, G, Muccio, E, Napolitano, G, Molinari, Gl, Saini, L, Garzone, A, Vertuccio, C, Marcias, Menozzi, Marone, P, Peona, Nascimbene, Pasi, Cascina, Casali, Monaco, Penza, Pasticci, M., B., Bistoni, Sposini, Colorizio, Confalonieri, M, Bottrighi, P, Orsi, Schiavi, Macor, Moretti, Fatigante, Barbaro, Agati, Zacarra, Viola, Le, Donne, Farinelli, Mancini, and Ermeti

Subjects
Tuberculosi, Drug susceptibility testing, Proficiency testing
Published
2000

23. Determinants of virologic and immunologic outcomes in chronically HIV-infected subjects undergoing repeated treatment interruptions: The Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Pulsed Antiretroviral Therapy (ISS-PART) study

Author

Palmisano, L., Giuliano, M., Bucciardini, R., Fragola, V., Andreotti, M., Galluzzo, C. M., Pirillo, M. F., Weimer, L. E., Arcieri, R., Germinario, E. A. P., Amici, R., Mancini, M. G., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Castelli, F., Caramello, P., Vella, S., Abrescia, N., Figoni, M., Viglietti, R., Angarano, G., Saracino, A., Anselmo, M., Antinori, A., Sette, P., Zaccarelli, M., Liuzzi, G., Arlotti, M., Martelli, L. T., Ortolani, P., Bassetti, D., Di Biagio, A., Bisio, F., Bellissima, P., Branz, F., Dorigoni, N., Cadeo, G., Vangi, D., Bertelli, D., Bergamasco, A., Caggese, L., Volonterio, A., Orofino, G. C., Carosella, S., Gennero, L., Caremani, M., Tacconi, D., Carosi, G., Tomasoni, L., Patroni, A., Chiodo, F., Borderi, M., Calza, L., Gritti, F., Fasulo, G., Chirianni, A., Gargiulo, M., Colomba, A., Dalle Nogare, E. R., Di Lorenzo, F., Prestileo, T., Bini, T., Cicconi, P., De Lalla, F., Giordani, M. T., De Stefano, C., De Stefano, G., Delia, S., Ciardi, M., Di Perri, G., Sinicco, A., Sales, P., Dini, M., Simeone, M., Esposito, R., Guaraldi, G., Beghetto, B., Fatuzzo, F., La Rosa, R., Ferrari, C., Calzetti, C., Ferraro, T., Cosco, L., Ghinelli, F., Sighinolfi, L., Guadagnino, V., Caroleo, B., Izzi, A., Izzo, C., Franco, A., Lazzarin, A., Castagna, A., Fusetti, G., Leoncini, F., Pozzi, M., Sbaragli, S., Marzetti, M., Magnani, G., Bonazzi, L., Barchi, E., Zoboli, G., Pintus, A., Mandas, A., Soddu, M. L., Zucca, F., Mannucci, P. M., Gringeri, A., Marani Toro, G., Graziani, R. V., Consorti, A., Mazzotta, F., Di Pietro, M., Ble, C., Meneghetti, F., Sasset, L., Cattelan, A. M., Menichetti, F., Savalli, E., Mian, P., Pristera, R., Mignani, E., Artioli, S., Mura, M. S., Mannazzu, M., Narciso, P., Bellagamba, R., Orani, A., Perini, P., Ortona, L., De Luca, A., Murri, R., Pagano, G., Alessandrini, A., Paladini, A., Vinattieri, M. A., Carbonai, S., Pastore, G., Ladina, N., Tateo, M., Piersantelli, N., Penco, G., Petrelli, E., Balducci, M., Pippi, L., Gonnelli, A., Puppo, F., Murdaca, G., Raise, E., Pasquirucci, A., Riccio, G., Bartolacci, V., Carrega, G., Rizzardini, G., Migliorino, G., Russo, R., Casentino, S., Celesia, M., Soranzo, M. L., Macor, A., Salassa, B., Soscia, F., Roberti, L., Di Toro, M. T., Stagno, A., Beltrami, C., Suter, F., Maggiolo, F., Ripamonti, D., Tantimonaco, G., Grisorio, B., Tassara, A., Rossi, P., Tinelli, M., Regazzetti, A., Tirelli, U., Voltaggio, G., Cinelli, R., Toti, M., Baldari, M., Carli, T., Ricciardi, B., Trezzi, M., Vigevani, G. M., Capetti, A., Landonio, S., Vullo, V., Massetti, P., Zauli, T., and Casolari, S.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, medicine.medical_treatment, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Drug Administration Schedule, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), Structured treatment interruptions, Chemotherapy, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, biology, business.industry, HIV, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Clinical trial, Chronic infection, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Lentivirus, RNA, Viral, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Factors influencing the outcome of structured treatment interruptions (STIs) in HIV chronic infection are not fully elucidated. Methods: In ISS-PART, 273 subjects were randomly assigned to arm A (137 assigned to continuous highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART]) and arm B (136 assigned to 5 STIs of 1, 1, 2, 2, and 3 months'duration, each followed by 3 months of therapy). Main outcome measures were the proportion of subjects with a CD4 count >500 cells/mm 3 , the rate of virologic failure, and the emergence of resistance at 24 months. Results: The proportion of subjects with a CD4 count >500 cells/mm 3 was higher in arm A than in arm B (86.5% vs. 69.1%; P = 0.0075). Pre-HAART CD4 cell count and male gender were independent predictors of a CD4 count >500 cells/mm 3 in arm B. The overall risk of virologic failure was not increased in arm B; however, it was higher in the 38 subjects who had resistance mutations in the rebounding virus. Archived mutations at baseline and the use of a regimen that included an unboosted protease inhibitor (PI), compared with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based HAART, independently predicted the emergence of plasma mutations during STI (P = 0.002 for DNA mutations and P = 0.048 for PI-based HAART). Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients with preexisting mutations and treated with unboosted PI-based HAART should not be enrolled in studies of time-fixed treatment interruptions, being at higher risk of developing plasma mutations during STI and virologic failure at therapy reinstitution.

Published
2007

25. Virologic and immunologic response to regimens containing nevirapine or efavirenz in combination with 2 nucleoside analogues in the Italian Cohort Naive Antiretrovirals (I.Co.N.A.) study

Author

Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro, Phillips, Andrew N., D'Arminio Monforte, Antonella, Piersantelli, Nicoloò, Orani, Anna, Petrosillo, Nicola, Leoncini, Francesco, Scerbo, Antonio, Tundo, Paolo, Abrescia, Nicola, Montroni, M., Scalise, G., Costantini, Alessia, Del Prete, M. S., Tirelli, U., Nasti, G., Pastore, G., Ladisa, N., Perulli, L. M., Suter, F., Arici, C., Chiodo, F., Gritti, F. M., Colangeli, V., Fiorini, C., Guerra, L., Carosi, G., Cadeo, G. P., Castelli, F., Minardi, C., Vangi, D., Rizzardini, G., Migliorino, G., Manconi, P. E., Piano, P., Ferraro, T., Scerbo, A., Pizzigallo, E., Ricci, Fiammetta, Rinaldi, E., Pusterla, L., Carnevale, G., Galloni, D., Viganò, P., Mena, M., Ghinelli, F., Sighinolfi, L., Leoncini, F., Mazzotta, F., Ambu, S., Lo Caputo, S., Angarano, G., Grisorio, B., Ferrara, S., Grima, P., Tundo, P., Pagano, G., Piersantelli, N., Alessandrini, A., Piscopo, R., Toti, M., Chigiott, S., Soscia, F., Tacconi, L., Orani, A., Castaldo, G., Scasso, A., Vincenti, A., Scalzini, A., Alessi, F., Moroni, M., Lazzarin, A., Cargnel, A., Vigevani, G. M., Caggese, L., d’Arminio Monforte, A., Bongiovanni, M., Novati, R., Delfanti, F., Merli, S., Pastecchia, C., Moioli, C., Esposito, R., Mussini, C., Abrescia, N., Chirianni, A., Izzo, OMAR CARLO ENRICO, Piazza, M., De Marco, M., Montesarchio, V., Manzillo, E., Nappa, S., Colomba, A., Abbadessa, V., Prestileo, T., Mancuso, S., Filice, G., Minoli, L., Bruno, R., Maserati, R., Pauluzzi, S., Tosti, A., Alberici, F., Sisti, M., Menichetti, F., Smorfa, A., De Stefano, C., Lagala, A., Zauli, T., Ballardini, G., Bonazzi, L., Ursitti, M. A., Ciammarughi, R., Ortolani, P., Ortona, L., Dianzani, F., Antinori, A., Antonucci, G., D’Elia, S., Ippolito, G., Narciso, P., Petrosillo, N., Rezza, G., Vullo, V., De Luca, A., Del Forno, A., Capobianchi, M. R., Zaccarelli, M., De Longis, P., Ciardi, M., Girardi, E., D’Offizi, G., Noto, P., Pezzotti, P., Bugarini, R., Lichter, M., Mura, M. S., Mannazzu, M., Caramello, P., Caramello, A., Soranzo, M. L., Gennero, L., Sciandra, M., Salassa, B., Grossi, P. A., Basilico, C., Poggio, A., Bottari, G., Raise, E., Pasquinucci, S., De Lalla, F., Tositti, G., Resta, F., and Chimienti, A.

Subjects
Cyclopropanes, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Adolescent, Antiretroviral Therapy, Pharmacology, Efficacy, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Therapy, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Internal medicine, Oxazines, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Highly Active, Viral, Sida, Aged, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, biology, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, business.industry, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Confidence interval, Benzoxazines, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Alkynes, Cohort, Combination, RNA, Viral, RNA, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, Cohort study, medicine.drug
Abstract

This nonrandomized study compared the virologic and immunologic responses to potent regimens containing either efavirenz or nevirapine after considering potential systematic differences between patients receiving these drugs. Virologic failure was defined as the first of 2 consecutive measurements of virus load >500 human immunodeficiency virus RNA copies/mL. Of the 694 patients included in the analysis, 460 (66.3%) started nevirapine and 234 (33.7%) started efavirenz. The adjusted relative hazard of virologic failure for patients who started nevirapine, compared with those who started efavirenz, was 2.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.37-3.15; P=.0006). In addition, patients receiving efavirenz tended to recover 5 CD4 cells/microL more per quarter (P=.05). Although comparisons of drug efficacy in nonrandomized studies should be viewed with caution, no results from randomized controlled comparisons of these drugs are thought to be available. The findings of this study are in agreement with those of other observational studies.

Published
2002

26. Surveillance of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance: Results of the 1998/1999 proficiency testing in Italy

Author

Migliori, Gb, Ambrosetti, M, Fattorini, L, Penati, V, Vaccarino, P, Besozzi, G, Ortona, L, Saltini, C, Orefici, G, Moro, Ml, Iona, E, Cassone, A, De Santis, A, Giorgio, V, Vinciguerra, P, Angarano, G, Petrozzi, L, Costa, D, Gozzellino, F, Perboni, A, Marchetti, D, Pascali, A, Falcone, F, Mariano, V, Rizza, F, Pretto, P, Turano, A, Matteelli, A, Carosi, Gp, Tedoldi, S, Pinsi, G, Farris, Ag, Ligia, Gp, Orani, G, Farris, B, Foschi, C, Trucco, G, Aiolfi, S, Ceruti, T, Parpanesi, M, Calabro, S, Felisatti, G, Tortoli, E, Nutini, S, Montini, G, Fiorentini, F, D'Ambrosio, V, Ceraminiello, A, Bernorio, S, Buono, L, Montesano, P, Vinci, E, Sabato, E, Gamba, S, Crepaldi, P, Bertoli, G, Rupianesi, F, Losi, M, Richeldi, L, Ferrara, G, Muccio, E, Napolitano, G, Molinari, Gl, Saini, L, Garzone, A, Vertuccio, C, Marcias, Menozzi, Marone, P, Peona, Nascimbene, Pasi, Cascina, Casali, Monaco, Penza, Pasticci, M. B., Bistoni, Sposini, Colorizio, Confalonieri, M, Bottrighi, P, Orsi, Schiavi, Macor, Moretti, Fatigante, Barbaro, Agati, Zacarra, Viola, Donne, Le, Farinelli, Mancini, and Ermeti

Subjects
Drug susceptibility testing, Tuberculosis, Proficiency testing
Published
2000

28. A randomized, double-blind trial on the use of a triple combination including nevirapine, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase HIV inhibitor, in antiretroviral-naive patients with advanced disease

Author

Floridia, M, Bucciardini, R, Ricciardulli, D, Fragola, V, Pirillo, Mf, Weimer, Le, Tomino, C, Giannini, G, Galluzzo, Cm, Andreotti, M, Cargnel, A, Alberici, F, Rienzo, B, Leoncini, F, Fiaccadori, F, Francisci, Daniela, Grillone, W, Ortona, L, Piazza, M, Scalzini, A, Nigra, E, Tumietto, F, and Vella, S.

Subjects
Didanosine, Nevirapine, Zidovudine
Published
1999

29. Risk factors, nutritional status, and quality of life in HIV-infected patients with enteric salmonellosis

Author

Tacconelli E, Tumbarello M, Ventura G, Leone F, Roberto CAUDA, and Ortona L

Subjects
Adult, Diarrhea, Male, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Incidence, Nutritional Status, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Severity of Illness Index, Enteritis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Logistic Models, Italy, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Salmonella Infections, Confidence Intervals, Quality of Life, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies
Abstract

To define the potential risk factors, prognostic indicators, and quality of life of HIV-infected patients with enteric salmonellosis.A five-year matched (1:2) case-control study was performed. Thirty cases and 60 matched controls were studied.Univariate analysis (p0.05) identified six risk factors for enteric salmonellosis: 1) increasing value of APACHE II score, 2) altered nutritional status, 3) previous antibiotic therapy, 4) ingestion of "risk" foods, 5) multiple (or = 2) previous opportunistic infections, 6) stage C of HIV infection. Using the multivariate analysis, the most powerful predictors for developing an enteric salmonellosis were: increasing value of APACHE II score and altered nutritional status. The response to therapy was favourable in all episodes. Five (17%) patients suffered from one or more relapses. Multivariate analysis identified that a low number of circulating CD4+ (100/mm3) and a high APACHE II score (15) predict an increased risk of relapses.HIV-associated enteric salmonellosis occurs more frequently in patients with advanced stage of HIV infection and with impaired nutritional status. We stress the need for a prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment since the possible haematogenous spread and relapses appear reduced under early and prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Published
1998

32. Intracellular expression of P-170 glycoprotein in peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets from healthy donors and HIV-infected patients

Author

walter malorni, Mb, Lucia, Rainaldi G, Cauda R, Cianfriglia M, Donelli G, and Ortona L

Subjects
Adult, Male, PBMC, HIV, HIV Infections, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, Immunophenotyping, Microscopy, Fluorescence, p-170 glycoprotein, HIV-1, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Humans, Female, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
Abstract

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a transmembrane efflux pump that actively extrude a variety of unrelated drugs from cancer cells, leading to the so-called multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon. However, P-gp has also been found in normal bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Recently, the presence of P-glycoprotein in PBMC from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has also been investigated and a phenotype-associated P-gp expression has been detected.A total of thirty-eight HIV-1 positive patients with a mean age of 34 years (range, 24-41 years) were studied after an informed consent. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated by centrifugation on a Ficoll/Hypaque and P-glycoprotein expression was investigated on lymphocyte population by single and double-color immunofluorescence techniques. We investigated: i) both surface and intracellular expression of the P-gp molecule in different PBMC subsets, ii) P-gp expression modifications occurring during HIV infection, and iii) the effect of HIV-gp120 on the expression of P-gp by T lymphocyte subsets from healthy donors.Our experimental findings indicate that: a) P-gp glycoprotein can be detected on an intracellular level in different PBMC subpopulations (mainly CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD16+ NK cells and CD14+ monocytes); b) this intracellular expression is decreased in specific PBMC subsets (i.e. T-CD8+ and NK-CD16+) from HIV-infected patients and c) a rearrangement was obtained when CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from healthy donors were exposed in vitro to the HIV-binding glycoprotein gp120.Our results indicate that P-gp glycoprotein can also be expressed intracellularly and can be rearranged in PBMC subsets from HIV-infected patients.

Published
1998

33. Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Author

Ortona, L. and Andrea De Luca

Subjects
Europe, Cross Infection, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Incidence, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Antitubercular Agents, Humans, Patient Compliance, Developing Countries, United States
Abstract

Since the nineties, the increasing incidence of tuberculosis was accompanied by numerous epidemic foci of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially of nosocomial transmission. In the United States and other countries there was an increase in both primary and acquired drug-resistant tuberculosis. HIV infection and the poor social and health care facilities of different population groups, the lack of compliance with therapy and the reduction of programs of nosocomial and extranosocomial surveillance and control of tuberculosis are all concomitant causes of the increase in multi-drug resistant cases. The improvement in surveillance and treatment closely monitored therapies and nosocomial control by specific regulations, when applied, have contributed to the decrease in the rate of drug-resistant forms.

Published
1998

36. Lo studio di coorte I.CO.N.A. (Italian CohOrt Naive Antiretrovirals): caratteristiche all’arruolamento dei primi 1676 soggetti

Author

DARMINIO MONFORTE, A, Arici, C, Ippolito, G., Rezza, G., Angarano, G., Carosi, G., Vhiodo, F., Dianzani, F., Di Luzio Paparatti, U., Lazzarin, A., Ortona, L., Garattini, L., Musicco, M., Pezzotti, P., Vella, S., Abrescia, N., Aceti, A., Alberici, F., Armignacco, O., Bonazzi, L., Cadeo, G. P., Cadrobbi, P., Caggese, L., Cargnel, A., Carnevale, G., Chirianni, A., Ciammarughi, R., Colomba, A., D'Amato, C., De Lalla, F., D'Elia, S., Dealla Santa, M., De Rienzo, B., De Stefano, C., Ferraro, T., Filice, G., Fiori, G. P., Gavazzeni, G., Ghinelli, F., Gioannini, P., Grilone, W., Grima, P., Grisorio, B., Gritti, F. M., Leoncini, F., Manconi, P. E., Mazzotta, F., Milazzo, F., Minoli, L., Montroni, M., Narciso, P., Orani, A., Pauluzzi, S., Piazza, M., Piersantelli, N., Pizzigallo, E., Poggio, A., Reaise, E., Ranieri, S., Resta, F., Rizzo, F., Rosci, M. A., Scalise, G., Scalzini, A., Scasso, A., Soranzo, M. L., Soscia, F., Suter, F., Tirelli, U., Toti, M., Viganò, P., Vigevani, G. M., Vullo, V., Ravasio, L., Girardi, E., Federico, M. D., Castelli, Francesco, Colangeli, V., Capobianchi, M., Sinnone, M. S., Antinori, A., Boccia, L., Mannazzu, M., Sisti, M., DE LOngis, P., Ursitti, M. A., Vangi, D., Scaggiante, R., Moioli, M. C., Adriani, B., Pan, A., Montesarchio, M., Arlotti, M., Prestileo, T., Palmieri, F., Franzetti, M., Ciardi, M., Smorfa, A., Mussini, C., Armignacco, L., Cosco, L., Patruno Savino, F. A., Torre, D., Sighinolfi, L., Sciandra, M., Giacobbi, D., Tundo, P., Ferrara, S., Guerra, L., Ambu, S., Piano, P., Lo Caputo, S., Rizzardini, G., Maserati, R., Costantini, A., D'Offizi, G. P., Castaldo, G., Tosti, A., Nappa, S., Piscopo, R., Ricci, F., Bottari, V., Pasquinucci, S., Ballardini, G., Chimienti, A., Alessandrini, A., Zaccarelli, M., Del Prete, M. S., Costa, P., Vincenti, A., Salassa, B., Tacconi, L., Bottura, P., Nasti, G., Incandela, L., Ghiselli, G. C., Pusterla, L., Lichtner, M., and Moroni, M.

Published
1997

37. Markers of response to zidovudine monotherapy among treated HIV seroconverters

Author

Rezza, G, Galay, N, Pezzotti, P, Vlahov, D, Graham, N, Viale, P. L., Angarano, G., Dorrucci, M., Alliegro, M. B., Cozzi Lepri, A., Sinicco, A., Lazzarin, A., Tarantini, G., Zrboni, R., Rosso, Rm, Aqiuti, F, Salassa, B, Pristerà, R, Gafà, S, Colangeli, V, Canessa, A, Barbanera, M, Alberici, F, Castelli, Francesco, Zaccarelli, M, Ortona, L, and Tirelli, U.

Published
1997

38. Storia naturale della infezione da HIV nelle donne

Author

Dorrucci, M., Rezza, G., Pezzotti, P., Lazzarin, A., Angarano, G., Sinicco, A., Zerboni, R., Aiuti, F., Pristera, R., Gafà, S., Castelli, Francesco, Salassa, B., Barbanera, M., Canessa, A., Ortona, L., Costigliola, P., Viale, P., Tirelli, U., Zaccarelli, M., Alliegro, B., and Lo Caputo, S.

Published
1993

40. [Determination of HIV-RNA using in situ hybridization on myocardial tissue. Role of HIV in cardiomyopathy in AIDS]

Author

Mencarini, P., Tamburrini, E., Antinori, A., Zannoni, G., Andrea De Luca, Capelli, A., and Ortona, L.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Myocardium, Cytomegalovirus, Heart, Middle Aged, Myocarditis, Risk Factors, Cytomegalovirus Infections, DNA, Viral, HIV-1, Humans, Female, In Situ Hybridization
Abstract

Aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HIV-1 and CMV genomic sequences in myocardial tissue from autopsy of AIDS patients by in situ hybridization technique and to make a correlation with clinical and/or pathological signs of myocarditis. Seven patients out of 12 (58.3%) were positive for HIV-1 (6/7 patients with pathological signs of myocarditis and 1/5 without pathological abnormalities; p = 0.029). In situ hybridization for CMV was positive in 5/12 patients (41.7%) (3 with myocarditis and 2 without myocarditis); three clinically symptomatic cases were contemporary positive for HIV-1 and CMV. Our results seem to confirm emerging data about the presence of HIV-1 in myocardial tissue and about the possible role of HIV-1 in determining cardiac pathologies. Furthermore we suggest the hypothesis of an interaction of HIV-1 and CMV in latest of HIV infection.

Published
1991

43. Human Herpesvirus 8 Seropositivity and Risk of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Other Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Related Diseases

Author

Rezza, G., primary, Andreoni, M., additional, Dorrucci, M., additional, Pezzotti, P., additional, Monini, P., additional, Zerboni, R., additional, Salassa, B., additional, Colangeli, V., additional, Sarmati, L., additional, Nicastri, E., additional, Barbanera, M., additional, Pristera, R., additional, Aiuti, F., additional, Ortona, L., additional, and Ensoli, B., additional

Published
1999
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46. Value of Combined Approach With Thallium-201 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction in CSF for the Diagnosis of AIDS-Related Primary CNS Lymphoma

Author

Antinori, A., primary, De Rossi, G., additional, Ammassari, A., additional, Cingolani, A., additional, Murri, R., additional, Di Giuda, D., additional, De Luca, A., additional, Pierconti, F., additional, Tartaglione, T., additional, Scerrati, M., additional, Larocca, L. M., additional, and Ortona, L., additional

Published
1999
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