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Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinsons disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia (p < 0.001), while neither depression nor ADHD showed consistent associations with VLM scores (p > 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders.

Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with an increased risk of life-long cognitive impairments, age-related chronic disease, and premature mortality. We investigated evidence for advanced brain ageing in adult SZ patients, and whether this was associated with clinical characteristics in a prospective meta-analytic study conducted by the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. The study included data from 26 cohorts worldwide, with a total of 2803 SZ patients (mean age 34.2 years; range 18-72 years; 67% male) and 2598 healthy controls (mean age 33.8 years, range 18-73 years, 55% male). Brain-predicted age was individually estimated using a model trained on independent data based on 68 measures of cortical thickness and surface area, 7 subcortical volumes, lateral ventricular volumes and total intracranial volume, all derived from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Deviations from a healthy brain ageing trajectory were assessed by the difference between brain-predicted age and chronological age (brain-predicted age difference [brain-PAD]). On average, SZ patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +3.55 years (95% CI: 2.91, 4.19; I2 = 57.53%) compared to controls, after adjusting for age, sex and site (Cohen's d = 0.48). Among SZ patients, brain-PAD was not associated with specific clinical characteristics (age of onset, duration of illness, symptom severity, or antipsychotic use and dose). This large-scale collaborative study suggests advanced structural brain ageing in SZ. Longitudinal studies of SZ and a range of mental and somatic health outcomes will help to further evaluate the clinical implications of increased brain-PAD and its ability to be influenced by interventions.

Abstract DNA is a complex multi-resolution molecule whose theoretical study is a challenge. Its intrinsic multiscale nature requires chemistry and quantum physics to understand the structure and quantum informatics to explain its operation as a perfect quantum computer. Here, we present theoretical results of DNA that allow a better description of its structure and the operation process in the transmission, coding, and decoding of genetic information. Aromaticity is explained by the oscillatory resonant quantum state of correlated electron and hole pairs due to the quantized molecular vibrational energy acting as an attractive force. The correlated pairs form a supercurrent in the nitrogenous bases in a single band $$\pi$$ π -molecular orbital ( $$\pi$$ π -MO). The MO wave function $$(\Phi )$$ ( Φ ) is assumed to be the linear combination of the n constituent atomic orbitals. The central Hydrogen bond between Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) or Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) functions like an ideal Josephson Junction. The approach of a Josephson Effect between two superconductors is correctly described, as well as the condensation of the nitrogenous bases to obtain the two entangled quantum states that form the qubit. Combining the quantum state of the composite system with the classical information, RNA polymerase teleports one of the four Bell states. DNA is a perfect quantum computer.

No es posible pensar en el desarrollo de las sociedades sin el correspondiente desarrollo científico y tecnológico en todos los ámbitos del quehacer humano y la educación no es la excepción. El presente artículo tiene la finalidad de analizar la naturaleza de un laboratorio financiero, su relevancia para la Academia y los impactos esperados en la formación de profesionales y en el desarrollo investigativo en una universidad pública. El método aplicado para tal fin se basó en un análisis documental de fuentes especializadas y científicas, contemplando aspectos relacionados con los elementos constitutivos de un laboratorio de este tipo y los casos de éxito relacionados en otras entidades de educación superior. Ello, con el propósito de resaltar la necesidad de implementación de un Laboratorio Financiero en la Universidad Vercruzana.

Human brain structure changes throughout the lifespan. Altered brain growth or rates of decline are implicated in a vast range of psychiatric, developmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we identified common genetic variants that affect rates of brain growth or atrophy in what is, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of changes in brain morphology across the lifespan. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data from 15,640 individuals were used to compute rates of change for 15 brain structures. The most robustly identified genes GPR139, DACH1 and APOE are associated with metabolic processes. We demonstrate global genetic overlap with depression, schizophrenia, cognitive functioning, insomnia, height, body mass index and smoking. Gene set findings implicate both early brain development and neurodegenerative processes in the rates of brain changes. Identifying variants involved in structural brain changes may help to determine biological pathways underlying optimal and dysfunctional brain development and aging.

Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15–90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia (p < 0.001), while neither depression nor ADHD showed consistent associations with VLM scores (p > 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders.

A collective burial from the early 2nd century AD, reusing the Theban Tomb 32, built in the Egyptian New Kingdom, offers a unique opportunity to learn about the practices of funerary workshops of the time. The particularity of this family group related to an archon named Soter lies in the fact that it allows the dating of their funerary assemblages in absolute and relative terms, as well as elements of their iconography. This circumstance is helpful for the study of these objects as well as other contemporary or nearby items. To illustrate the potential of this approach, we will focus on the image of the god Anubis when he accompanies the deceased to their judgement before Osiris.

Los estudios de los últimos años sobre las creencias osirianas en época romana han permitido acceder, a través de las prácticas reflejadas en los ajuares funerarios, a una esfera religiosa en apariencia homogénea, pero que experimentó cambios fruto de la propia evolución interna y no únicamente por los contactos culturales de la época. En este contexto se presenta este estudio sobre un concepto mortuorio que implica a uno de los animales sagrados mejor documentados (también en la literatura grecolatina): el carnero de Mendes, Banebdjedet. En los testimonios recogidos, que se estudian como conjunto por primera vez, dicha manifestación divina proporciona el hálito de vida necesario para la resurrección a los difuntos. El concepto está atestiguado escasamente, pero tuvo una expansión regional relativamente relevante y una perduración importante.

La cadena operativa de los talleres funerarios del Egipto romano en lo que a producción de ajuares osirianos se refiere ha resultado un tema esquivo para los investigadores debido a la parquedad general de las fuentes textuales al respecto. No obstante, el estudio minucioso de los propios materiales que fueron manufacturados en dichos lugares (que han sobrevivido) aportan nuevos datos que nos permiten acceder al día a día de los artesanos/artistas dedicados a elaborar ataúdes o sudarios para los difuntos. En el presente trabajo se analizan los sudarios pintados que surgieron de dichos talleres, reconstruyendo el trabajo de estos en cuanto a la preparación de las telas como paso previo a su decoración. Se logra conocer mejor la fase inicial de la cadena operativa y se abren nuevas perspectivas de estudio al respecto de la historia económica y técnica del Egipto romano.

This qualitative study focuses on the challenges and experiences faced by normalistas in-service educators who teach English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in rural contexts in Colombia without the training to do so. Data were analyzed using grounded theory, through instruments such as interviews, real-life episodes, and a focus group. The participants were two normalistas educators who have taught English in rural areas for years, and the study was conducted in remote rural communities in Colombia with limited resources and connectivity. The results evidenced the teaching English practices outlook in rural communities, the adaption to an experimental learning and teaching method as part of the normalistas’ limitations in terms of English knowledge and instruments to teach the foreign language and, finally, the impact on rural learners as a result of normalistas’ performances in English classes.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic can seize the opportunity to explore the hypothesis of prenatal exposure to viral infections increases the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Advancing our knowledge in this regard would improve primary prevention of mental disorders in children. For this pilot study, six-week-old infants born to mothers exposed (n = 21) or unexposed (n = 21) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were assessed in Santander-Cantabria (Spain) using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Groups comparisons were performed to explore the effects that infection and timing of exposure (in terms of the three trimesters of pregnancy). The infants’ competencies and performances on the NBAS were generally similar in the exposed and unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 groups. The most significant difference found was a less optimally response to cuddliness (item on the state regulation domain) particularly in infants born to mothers exposed in the third trimester of pregnancy, and in pull-to-sit (item on the motor system domain). Although our interpretations must be careful, these preliminary results highlight the possible association between prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure and poorer development in motor skills and infant interactive behavior. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore these relationships and disentangle the biological mechanisms implicated.

Este estudio analiza desde una perspectiva de género y competencial, la situación de la mujer en el mercado de trabajo, el emprendimiento femenino y las competencias necesarias para llevarlo a cabo con éxito en la ciudad de Lorca. La metodología se ha basado en dos técnicas de investigación diferentes, la entrevista en profundidad y la técnica de grupo nominal. Se han realizado 24 entrevistas a expertos del ámbito institucional con conocimientos del mercado de trabajo, género y emprendimiento junto con cinco técnicas de grupo nominal en las que han participado 5 perfiles distintos para cada una de ellas. Los resultados han determinado que, tanto el contexto sociocultural como la educación recibida en el ámbito familiar, son los dos factores que más modulan la iniciativa emprendedora de las mujeres, facilitando o dificultando la adquisición de determinadas competencias en general y relacionadas con el emprendimiento en particular. Se ha constatado igualmente que las competencias actitudinales tienen más peso que la aptitudinales respecto al emprendimiento.

Las fuentes textuales grecolatinas nos transmiten la especial consideración del lino para los antiguos egipcios y la prohibición de la lana en contextos religiosos. Este artículo pretende hacer evaluar estas informaciones, proponiendo un marco temporal en el que el lino se convirtió en la materia prima textil hegemónica de la esfera religiosa del valle del Nilo.

La seguridad y la prevención del delito en el medio rural ha sido un tema poco estudiado en nuestro país. La falta de datos sobre criminalidad y una imagen desde gobiernos y ciudadanía como zonas seguras y libres de delitos, han podido ser la principal causa de la falta de interés por parte de la comunidad criminológica durante todos estos años. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar uno de los principales problemas en la seguridad de las zonas rurales: el elemento geográfico. Concretamente, este estudio se ha realizado en una región donde el número de poblaciones rurales supera el 90 por ciento y el 80 por ciento de su población reside en estas áreas. La herramienta metodológica utilizada para esta investigación ha sido los sistemas de información geográfica, un método cada día más empleado en disciplinas como la Criminología. Los resultados muestran algunos de los problemas que pueden provocar las distancias existentes entre comunidades rurales del norte de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura para la gestión de la seguridad o la prevención del delito.

The aim of this article is to detect the business model factors that increase firm performance. To carry out this research, a survey was conducted among the CEOs of seventy companies in the Region of Murcia, Spain, belonging to different sectors of economic activity. The empirical evidence obtained indicates that the characteristics of a company's business model affect its performance and future viability. In this sense, the article confirms that the business model factors that contribute to improving the future viability of a firm are mainly innovation, professionalization of the economic-financial area, investment in employees, and strengthening of the commercial area. Therefore, firms that wish to improve their long-term performance should especially strengthen these characteristics of the business model.

En las sociedades antiguas donde convivían múltiples comunidades religiosas de antigua raigambre resulta de especial interés el estudio de la interacción producida en el plano de las creencias y prácticas funerarias. En este sentido, el presente trabajo pretende estudiar los orígenes de un motivo religioso que aparece en algunos de los ajuares funerarios de tradición osiriana en el Egipto romano, consistente en la momificación del difunto bajo el cielo como manto.

El estado de Tabasco es principal productor de palma de aceite. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue generar una dosis de fertilización por subunidad de suelo y un rendimiento potencial para la palma de aceite. Se utilizó la metodología del Sistema Integrado para Recomendar Dosis de Fertilizantes (SIRDF). Se obtuvieron ocho polígonos de Thiessen, los cuales se agruparon en polígonos de baja (1 281 a 1 623 mm), mediana (1 830 a 1 977 mm) y alta precipitación (> 2 044 mm). Además de 13 subunidades de suelos, de las cuales 11 están cultivadas con palma de aceite: Leptosol Réndzico (Húmico), Luvisol Gléyico (Arcíllico, Éutrico, Diferéntico), Acrisol Gléyico Crómico (Éutrico, Francoso, Cutánico, Diferéntico), Calcisol Pétrico Cámbico (Francoso, Rúptico), Cambisol Gléyico Éutrico (Francoso), Phaeozem Réndzico Léptico Cámbico (Arcíllico), Vertisol Pélico (Gléyico, Mesotrófico, Estágnico), Fluvisol Gléyico Calcárico (Arcíllico), Gleysol Oxigléyico Dístrico (Arcíillico, Vértico), Lixisol Abrúptico (Arcíllico, Cutánico), y Arenosol Dístrico (Alúmico). El análisis de suelos indica de mediana a baja fertilidad con deficiencia de N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, y B. Se generó la dosis de fertilizante para cada subunidad de suelo y para tres escenarios de rendimiento de fruta fresca. Se generó la recomendación de macro y micro nutrimentos para lograr una fertilización balanceada de la palma de aceite y su forma de aplicación.

Background: Capsicum spp. grow in environments with different incident radiation, that could modify the plant growth and the concentration of phytochemicals in fruits. Hypothesis: Shading positively affects phenology and fruit yield, decreases the total contents of phenols (TPC), flavonoids (FLV), proanthocyanidins (PAN) and carotenoids (CAT) in fruits of wild Capsicum species. Studied species: Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum: amashito (AMA) and garbanzo (GAR), and C. frutescens (Pico Paloma, PIP) Study site and dates: Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico; 2020 and 2021. Methods: Seeds were treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) (500 mg L-1) for 24 h prior to seeding. The seedlings were transplanted in an open field and under two levels of shade (35 and 70 %) under a subsplit plot design with four replicates. TPC, FLV, PAN and CAT were determinate in immature and ripe fruits by UV-vis spectrophotometry. Results: Shade accelerated the phenological processes from the first bifurcation of the stem, and decreased the fruits ripening time from anthesis of the genotypes studied. Shade only increased the yield of the AMA genotype and reduced the contents of TPC, FLV, and CAT; however, these metabolites increased under open field conditions. Conclusions: The shade reduced the duration of phenological stages including the ripening period of fruits, and increased the plant height of the Capsicum spp. The increase in yield by shading effect only was observed in AMA genotype. The content of phytochemicals in Capsicum fruits is reduced by shading levels.

Introduction Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1:25,000. PWS results from defective gene expression on the paternal copy of chromosome 15. In 70% of the cases it is a deletion that means that part of the paternal chromosome 15 is missing. Maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) is present in 25% of cases. Typical clinical features of PWS are dysmorphism, hypotonia, hyperphagia, hypogonadism and developmental delay. In addition, the syndrome is accompanied by various psychiatric symptoms that are often insufficiently known within the psychiatric field. Regarding the relationship between PWS and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), individuals with mUPD appear to have a 3 to 4 times higher risk of psychotic symptoms than those with the deletion subtype. Psychotic episodes have an atypical presentation with recurrent episodes of confusion and rapidly fluctuating psychotic and mood symptoms. Objectives To describe an unusual clinical case in order to determine the management regarding clinical approach, and provide an overview of psychotic episodes in patients with PWS for the general practitioner with the most up-to-date information on workup and management. Methods We report a case involving a 13-year-old woman with PWS (mUPD of chromosome 15) and mild intellectual disability (IQs 59), who presented psychotic symptomatology in the form of disorganized behavior, delusional ideation, auditory hallucinations, self-referentiality and suspicion. Parents reported that these symptoms started two days prior the day of consultation. No environmentals stressors were identified and no recent treatment changes were made. Patient’s medication consists in 150 mg sertraline per day due to anxiety control and aid in emotional and behavioral regulation. Results Given the diagnostic approach of a psychotic episode (PE) in a patient with PWS, it was decided to offer 0.5mg risperidone per day, in an increasing pattern until reaching a final dose of 1.25 mg per day, presenting a global remission of the psychotic symptomatology. Recommendations for patients with PWS presenting PE are based upon systematic reviews. Patients with PWS, especially mUPD subjects, are at risk for SSDs and mood disorders. Antipsychotics (APs) are the gold standard in the treatment of SSDs, and some authors have suggested that APs protect patients with previous psychotic symptoms from relapse. It is unknown whether there is a protective effect of APs in mUPD patients who have not previously exhibited psychotic signs. Conclusions PWS represents a good example of a genetic disease with behavioral and psychiatric symptoms that may be challenging to treat with psychotropic medications. For a better understanding of psychiatric problems in adults with PWS, longitudinal studies with careful and standardized follow-up of psychiatric symptoms in PWS are necessary. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

El propósito de este artículo es compartir los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo explorar las competencias digitales de profesores universitarios aplicadas a su desempeño docente. Se construyó una muestra aleatoria, conformada por 62 docentes universitarios (48 mujeres y 14 hombres) que participaron en tres ediciones del taller Competencias digitales para la docencia universitaria. El taller permitió que los participantes reconocieran sus destrezas y habilidades en materia digital. Para la recopilación de datos, se instrumentó un cuestionario con 40 reactivos y tres foros de discusión en una plataforma LMS (Learning Management System). Se observa un desarrollo básico de competencias digitales, más consolidado en la alfabetización informacional y audiovisual que en la propiamente tecnológica. De lo anterior, se concluye que la formación disciplinaria de los docentes les permite acceder a los niveles de alfabetización sobre todo los ligados a procesos intelectuales, mientras que la alfabetización vinculada a la dimensión instrumental requiere una capacitación específica. Junto con ésta última, el involucramiento continuo con lenguajes audiovisuales y digitales y un cambio de actitud frente a los retos que supone el uso de la tecnología son la clave para el desarrollo de estas competencias de manera integral.

La capacidad de absorción puede ser definida como aquella capacidad dinámica que permite a las empresas reconocer el valor del nuevo conocimiento externo, asimilarlo y aplicarlo con fines comerciales. Constituye un constructo multidimensional, cuyas dimensiones, de manera general, se suelen identificar con la adquisición, asimilación y aplicación de conocimiento. Sin embargo, existen multitud de ambigüedades conceptuales que dificultan la descripción del propio proceso de absorción del conocimiento y las dimensiones que lo conforman. Por este motivo, el presente trabajo realiza una revisión de las principales contribuciones acerca de este constructo, así como de sus diferentes antecedentes y consecuencias. En base a la misma, se desarrollan algunas ideas teóricas y se propone una nueva configuración para el proceso de absorción. Este nuevo modelo pone un especial énfasis en la importancia que adquieren la identificación y comprensión del nuevo conocimiento como fase previa a su adquisición y del papel que ésta tiene dentro de dicho proceso de absorción.

This study assessed an innovative temporary edge protection system (TEPS) designed and developed to improve the ergonomics, health and safety at trench works in the construction industry, which ranks as one of the most hazardous worldwide. A wooden prototype of this innovative TEPS was built, and its mechanical resistance was compared to a conventional one. Thereafter, field tests were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of this pioneering TEPS. Both in analytical studies and field tests, the mechanical resistance to static loads of the TEPS complied with EU standards, and outperformed the conventional TEPS. The novel TEPS is effective as fall protection for different trench shoring systems and in buildings without edge protection systems. Moreover, this novel lightweight TEPS is easy to transport, with simple and safe on-site installation.

Veedores de ciencia y conciencia: orígenes y constitución de la Inspección de Educación

Vanilla planifolia Jacks. is a species of great economic importance, since vanillin, a compound highly valued in the food and pharmaceutical industry, is extracted from its pods. This species is in the category of special protection, so it is important to take actions for its conservation and to maintain the genetic stability of the conserved germplasm. An adequate way to achieve this is through the minimal growth in vitro conservation techniques. The present work aimed to establish an in vitro conservation protocol for vanilla germplasm that allows the genetic stability of the conserved material. For the establishment of the minimal growth in vitro conservation protocol: two concentrations of basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (50% and 100%), two incubation temperatures (4 and 22 °C) and two concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) (3 and 5 mg⋅L−1) were evaluated. To evaluate the genetic stability of the germplasms used in this study (cultivated, wild, and V. insignis morphotypes) by analyzing the profiles of molecular markers SSR (simple sequence repeats) and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats). The MS medium (100%) supplemented with 3 mg⋅L−1 of ABA and incubated at 22 °C, was the best treatment for the in vitro conservation of Vanilla spp. Compared with the control treatment, it allowed us to obtain smaller shoots (1.17 × 0.17 cm), which showed high genetic stability, given by the low percentages of polymorphism detected in morphotypes cultivated and wild (SSR 0%, ISSR 2%) and V. insignis (SSR 0%, ISSR 0%). We conclude the usefulness of the established protocol to conserve the genetic variation of the evaluated Vanilla germplasm.

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) often show cognitive deficits (CD) impacting daily life. Family support has been shown to be protective against CD, yet the relationship between these in psychotic patients remains complex and not fully understood. This study investigated the association between a subdomain of family support, namely, family involvement (estimated through a proxy measure), cognitive functioning, and sex in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. The sample included 308 patients enrolled in the Program for Early Phases of Psychosis (PAFIP), divided into 4 groups based on their estimated family involvement (eFI) level and sex, and compared on various variables. Women presented lower rates of eFI than men (37.1% and 48.8%). Higher eFI was associated with better cognitive functioning, particularly in verbal memory. This association was stronger in women. The findings suggest that eFI may be an important factor in FEP patients’ cognitive functioning. This highlights the importance of including families in treatment plans for psychotic patients to prevent CD. Further research is needed to better understand the complex interplay between family support, sex, and cognitive functioning in psychotic patients and develop effective interventions that target these factors.

Crataegus oxyacantha is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transplacental genotoxicity effect of aqueous (AE) and hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of leaves C. oxyacantha in a rat model and the quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Three different doses of the AE and HE of the C. oxyacantha leaf were administered orally (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) to Wistar rats during 5 days through the pregnancy term (16–21 days), and sampling in rats occurred every 24 h during the last 6 days of gestation, while only one sample was taken in neonates at birth. A sample of the mother’s and the neonate’s liver was taken for the determination of MDA. The results show that, at the hepatic level, the evaluated doses of extracts C. oxyacantha in pregnant rats and their pups did not show cytotoxicity. However, the AE and HE generated cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in the short term. On the other hand, only the AE showed a teratogenic effect. Based on these results, the AE and HE of the C. oxyacantha leaf should not be administered during pregnancy.

We evaluated the role of gene flow and wild-crop introgression on the structure and genetic diversity of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) in the Yucatan Peninsula, an important Mesoamerican diversity area for this crop, using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach (15,168 SNP markers) and two scales. At the local scale, STRUCTURE and NGSEP analyses showed predominantly crop-to-wild introgression, but also evidence of a bidirectional gene flow in the two wild-weedy-crop complexes studied (Itzinté and Dzitnup). The ABBA-BABA tests showed a higher introgression in Itzinté (the older complex) than in Dzitnup (the younger one); at the allelic level, the wild-crop introgression in Itzinté was similar in both directions, in Dzitnup it was higher from crop-to-wild; and at the chromosomal level, introgression in Itzinté was from wild-to-crop, whereas in Dzitnup it occured in the opposite direction. Also, we found HE values slightly higher in the domesticated accessions than in the wild ones, in both complexes (Itzinté: wild = 0.31, domesticated = 0.34; Dzinup: wild = 0.27, domesticated = 0.36), but %P and π estimators were higher in the wild accessions than in the domesticated ones. At a regional scale, STRUCTURE and MIGRATE showed a low gene flow, predominantly from crop-to-wild; and STRUCTURE, Neighbor-Joining and PCoA analyses indicated the existence of two wild groups and one domesticated group, with a marked genetic structure based in the existence of domesticated MI and wild MII gene pools. Also, at the regional scale, we found a higher genetic diversity in the wild accessions than in the domesticated ones, in all estimators used (e.g., HE = 0.27 and HE = 0.17, respectively). Our results indicate that gene flow and introgression are playing an important role at the local scale, but its consequences on the structure and genetic diversity of the Lima bean are not clearly reflected at the regional scale, where diversity patterns between wild and domesticated populations could be reflecting historical events.

For decades sea turtle projects around the world have monitored nesting females using labor-intensive human patrolling techniques. Here we describe the first empirical testing of a drone-mounted thermal infrared sensor for nocturnal sea turtle monitoring; on the Osa peninsula in Costa Rica. Preliminary flights verified that the drone could detect similar sea turtle activities as identified by on-the-ground human patrollers – such as turtles, nests and tracks. Drone observers could even differentiate tracks of different sea turtle species, detect sea turtle hatchlings, other wildlife, and potential poachers. We carried out pilot flights to determine optimal parameters for detection by testing different thermal visualization modes, drone heights, and gimbal angles. Then, over seven nights, we set up a trial to compare the thermal drone and operators’ detections with those observed by traditional patrollers. Our trials showed that thermal drones can record more information than traditional sea turtle monitoring methods. The drone and observer detected 20% more sea turtles or tracks than traditional ground-based patrolling (flights and patrols carried out across the same nights at the same time and beach). In addition, the drone operator detected 39 other animals/predators and three potential poachers that patrollers failed to detect. Although the technology holds great promise in being able to enhance detection rates of nesting turtles and other beach activity, and in helping to keep observers safer, we detail challenges and limiting factors; in drone imagery, current cost barriers, and technological advances that need to be assessed and developed before standardized methodologies can be adopted. We suggest potential ways to overcome these challenges and recommend how further studies can help to optimize thermal drones to enhance sea turtle monitoring efforts worldwide.

La trayectoria de la Escuela Normal de Magisterio de Santander (1844-1977)

Introduction Women present a second peak of incidence of psychosis during menopausal transition, partially explained by the loss of estrogen protection conferred during the reproductive years. Despite this, few studies compare sociodemographic, biological, clinical varibles and neurocognitive performance between women with early onset of psychosis (EOP) and those with late onset of psychosis (LOP). Objectives Our aim was to characterize both groups in a large sample of women, of which 294 were FEP patients (EOP = 205; LOP = 85) and 202 were healthy controls (HC) grouped following cutoff point (<>40 years of age) in previous studies. Methods Clinical and laboratory assessments were completed. Neurocognitive performance was also evaluated, and a cognitive global deficit score (GDS) was derived. ANCOVA was used for comparisons. Results EOP women were more frequently single and unemployed than comparable HC. Cholesterol levels in LOP women were higher than those of EOP women. LOP presented less severe symptoms, and higher scores in processing speed and premorbid IQ than EOP patients. Cannabis and alcohol use were also more frequent in EOP than LOP women. Conclusions Women with EOP and LOP show several sociodemographic, neuropsychological and clinical differences which may be valuable for planning personalized treatment emphasizing in socialization and differential generational dynamics. Some of these differences may be due to the aging process, while others might be influenced by factors such as lack of estrogen neuroprotection. In turn, drug consumption, low IQ and recent experienced trauma could as well reduce efficacy of hormonal neuroprotection. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Introduction Family studies provide the opportunity to investigate endophenotypes as a powerful neurobiological platform to better understand the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Shared features between the patients and their first-degree relatives may shed some light on the path to identify potential causes of psychosis, and to implement preventive and therapeutic interventions. Objectives This study aimed to explore and compare neuropsychological measures in first episodes of psychosis (FEP) patients, their first-degree relatives and healthy controls (HC), participants on the PAFIP-FAMILIES project. Methods Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by multiple comparisons test where appropriate. Age, sex and years of education were introduced as covariates. Results From 387 eligible FEP patients enrolled in a previous cohort, 133 were included. In addition, 244 of their first-degree relatives (146 parents and 98 siblings) and 202 HC participated in this study (see Figure 1). In general, relatives showed an intermediate neuropsychological performance between the HC and the FEP patients (see Figure 2). Specifically, siblings performed similar to HC in the domains verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, motor dexterity and theory of mind, since their values practically overlap those of HC. The parents presented significant deficits, similar to that of the affected individuals, in executive functions and attention domains. Conclusions These findings suggest that executive and attention dysfunction might have a greater family aggregation and could be a relevant cognitive endophenotype for psychotic disorders. The study shows the potential of exploring intra-family neuropsychological performance supporting neurobiological and genetic research in schizophrenia. Disclosure No significant relationships.

The accumulation of the auxin precursor indole-3-acetamide (IAM) in the ami1 mutant has recently been reported to reduce plant growth and to trigger abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. The observed response includes the induction of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis through the promotion of NCED3 expression. The mechanism by which plant growth is limited, however, remained largely unclear. Here, we investigated the transcriptional responses evoked by the exogenous application of IAM using comprehensive RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse genetics approaches. The RNA-seq results highlighted the induction of a small number of genes, including the R2R3 MYB transcription factor genes MYB74 and MYB102. The two MYB factors are known to respond to various stress cues and to ABA. Consistent with a role as negative plant growth regulator, conditional MYB74 overexpressor lines showed a considerable growth reduction. RNA-seq analysis of MYB74 mutants indicated an association of MYB74 with responses to osmotic stress, water deprivation, and seed development, which further linked MYB74 with the observed ami1 osmotic stress and seed phenotype. Collectively, our findings point toward a role for MYB74 in plant growth control and in responses to abiotic stress stimuli.

Soils provide multiple ecosystem services fundamental to the continuity of life on the planet. This valuable natural resource is directly and indirectly linked to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially through activities related to agri-food systems; however, soils have not been sufficiently valued. In Mexico more than half of the soils present some level of degradation and in a quarter of production units the main problem is the loss of soil fertility. In this context, sustainable soil management (SSM) represents the only way to recover soils. The governance of soils is essential to be implemented them in a locally adaptable framework. In the case of Mexico, the development of national strategies that integrate comprehensive, fair, and effective governance as the axis of actions aimed at the restoration and sustainable management of soil is fundamental to move forward to SSM.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados parciales de una investigación hermenéutica realizada con tres representantes de familias de la Institución Educativa Francisco Luis Hernández Betancur, ubicada en la ciudad de Medellín. La investigación indagó el sentido que las familias han otorgado a sus experiencias respecto a la participación en la educación inclusiva del niño o niña con discapacidad. Los hallazgos revelan cómo la experiencia de convivir con una persona con discapacidad puede convertirse en fuente de fortaleza para la familia, asunción de nuevos roles y modificación de las representaciones respecto a la discapacidad; aspectos que inciden en la participación familiar. La composición familiar tiene una implicación directa en las formas de participación, evidenciando una postura patriarcal en la que la mujer es quien debe asumir la responsabilidad, cuidado, crianza y educación del niño o niña con discapacidad y, en consecuencia, ella es quien participa de sus procesos de inclusión mientras el hombre toma un lugar marginal.

En el contexto de la historia del folklore cubano y de las relaciones establecidas entre el diplomático y escritor José María Chacón y Calvo y Ramón Menéndez Pidal para mantener un cauce de relación intelectual continua entre Cuba y España a través de la Institución Hispano-Cubana de Cultura, se expone el viaje de Menéndez Pidal a Cuba en 1937. El exilio provocado por el inicio de la guerra civil española y el interés de Pidal por mantener en ese difícil momento el trabajo en sus proyectos de investigación, especialmente en el romancero americano, son los dos aspectos que se han analizado en el texto con respecto al viaje. Finalmente, se subraya la continuidad de la labor romancística en Cuba iniciada por Carolina Poncet y sus discípulas.

Este artículo ofrece una investigación sobre la traducción subtitulada al español de la variante dialectal African American Vernacular English (AAVE) y para su ilustración se emplean ejemplos de la serie estadounidense The Wire. En primer lugar, se analiza la vital importancia que cobra el AAVE (además de otras variedades dialectales como el bawlmer, propio de Baltimore) en el desarrollo de la serie, hasta el punto que, sin estas variedades lingüísticas el programa televisivo perdería buena parte de su bien construida esencia. A continuación, se trata desde una perspectiva teórica cómo afrontar los múltiples problemas de la traducción dialectal de The Wire; para ello, se emplea la tipología propuesta de Marco Borillo (2002), que, posteriormente, nos ayuda a analizar algunos rasgos léxicos y morfosintácticos propios del AAVE y su posterior traducción al español. Estos rasgos seleccionados se ilustran con diferentes ejemplos de diálogos de la primera temporada de la serie, en los que se coteja la versión original inglesa con la traducción oficial al español del canal televisivo HBO. Todas estas ilustraciones vienen acompañadas de unas propuestas de traducción subtitulada alternativas a la versión oficial, cuya finalidad es ayudar a obtener en la versión española un tono lingüístico similar al de la versión inglesa.