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[ES] Este TFG se centra en un proyecto real de ingeniería de telecomunicaciones realizado en la ciudad de Rotterdam (Países Bajos) en la empresa The People Group a demanda del cliente Van Gelder Telecom. Se realizará un estudio de la red de acceso de fibra óptica, detallando el procedimiento desde el inicio hasta la finalización del proyecto, las herramientas empleadas y su posterior entrega al cliente. Como resultado de la realización del proyecto se obtendrán los componentes necesarios y el diseño de la red para su inmediata implementación.

[ES] El trabajo consiste en la optimización de un detector óptico de presencia de coches en garajes mediante el uso de lentes ópticas que permitirán mejorar la detección en garajes con suelos rugosos y con menor reflectividad. El trabajo incluye una revisión del estado del arte de las tecnologías empleadas en este tipo de sensores así como la comprensión de los fundamentos de estos sensores ópticos con el fin de realizar propuestas de mejora en su funcionamiento., [EN] The work involves optimization of an optical detector employed for identifying the presence of cars in garages by using optical lenses that will improve the sensor performance in garages with less reflectivity rough floors. Also a review of the state of the art of the technologies used in this type of sensors will be included as well as full understanding of the fundamentals of these optical sensors in order to make proposals for improving their performance.

[ES] Este trabajo consistirá en la propuesta de una red de comunicaciones e iluminación de interiores a partir del estado actual del mercado. Para ello, será necesario estudiar los conceptos fundamentales de los sistemas de comunicaciones ópticos inalámbricos en el espectro visible y a partir del estudio realizado se planteará la propuesta de un sistema viable capaz de transmitir determinados servicios en el contexto de las redes actuales de interior.

[ES] El trabajo consistirá en una revisión del estado del arte en los biosensores ópticos, con especial hincapié en aquellos que emplean fibras ópticas de polímero y en concreto, redes de difracción de Bragg. Asimismo se estudiarán los requisitos de los biosensores empleados para detectar la respiración y el pulso. El objetivo final del Trabajo Fin de Grado será la propuesta y diseño de un sensor de respiración basado en una red de difracción de Bragg no uniforme empleando Matlab para la simulación de la respuesta del sensor., [EN] The work will consist of a review of the state of the art in optical biosensors, with special emphasis on those employing polymer optical fibers and in particular, fiber Bragg gratings. Furthermore, the requirements of biosensors used to detect breathing and pulse will be also identified. The ultimate goal of the Project (TFG) will be the proposal and design of a breathing sensor based on a non-uniform Bragg grating using Matlab for simulations of the sensor response.

[ES] El proyecto consiste en comprender la arquitectura y tecnologías empleadas en las redes ópticas de acceso radio centralizadas (C-RAN) para comunicaciones 5G. Se utilizará la técnica fotónica basada en modulación externa con supresión de la portadora para generar la señal de onda milimétrica mediante la multiplicación en frecuencia y el láser será modulado directamente con los datos a transmitir. Se utilizarán Matlab y un simulador comercial con el fin de evaluar la degradación de las señales transmitidas con distintos formatos de modulación en función de distintos parámetros como son la longitud de los enlaces o el chirp del láser empleado. Finalmente se propondrán soluciones que minimicen dicha degradación a pesar del impacto económico en la instalación de la red, que también será evaluado., [EN] The project involves understanding the architecture and technologies used in centralized radio access optical networks (C-RAN) 5G communications. The photonic technique based on external modulation with carrier suppression will be used to generate the signal millimeter wave by frequency multiplying and the laser will be modulated directly by the data. Matlab and a comercial simulator will be employed to assess the degradation of transmitted signals with different formats of modulation according to different parameters such as the length of the links or the chirp of the laser. Finally we will propose solutions that minimize such degradation despite the economic impact on network installation, which will also be evaluated.

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo será sentar las bases para la futura tesis doctoral en conformación de haces para redes de acceso ópticas híbridas de cable/inalámbricas. En concreto, el trabajo consistirá en estudiar las distintas técnicas de conformación de haces para este tipo de redes, y su evaluación para la implementación en redes 5G/6G. Las redes emplearán técnicas fotónicas de microondas tanto para la generación de ondas milimétricas como para la conformación de haces con el objetivo de valorar la viabilidad de su implantación como tecnologías habilitadoras para el desarrollo de las redes de acceso móviles de futura generación. La metodología incluye documentación teórica, simulación de las redes y en algún caso, medidas experimentales que se requieran para completar simulaciones en escenarios realistas., [EN] The objective of this work will be to lay the foundations for a future doctoral thesis on beamforming for hybrid cable / wireless optical access networks. Specifically, the work will consist of studying the different beam shaping techniques for this type of network, and its evaluation for implementation in 5G / 6G networks. The networks will use microwave photonic techniques both for the generation of millimeter waves and for the shaping of beams in order to assess the viability of their implementation as enabling technologies for the development of future generation mobile access networks. The methodology includes theoretical documentation, simulation of the networks and in some cases, experimental measurements that are required to complete simulations in realistic scenarios.

[ES] El trabajo consistirá en emplear enlaces ópticos utilizando la región espectral visible para comunicaciones de alta velocidad. Se utilizará un simulador comercial en el que se implementarán componentes disponibles en el mercado actual con el fin de optimizar su respuesta a través de técnicas y formatos de modulación avanzados. El uso de láseres en el visible permitirá la adopción de esquemas multiplexados DWDM con el fin de maximizar la capacidad así como el empleo de señales de modulación de múltiples bandas. Así pues, se estudiará la capacidad de estos enlaces, su alcance y la calidad de la señal transmitida en todos los casos, con el fin de explorar la flexibilidad y reconfigurabilidad, así como proponer aplicaciones para los enlaces desarrollados., [EN] The work will consist of using optical links in the visible spectral region for high-speed communications. A commercial simulator will be used and parameters corresponding to components available in current market will be implemented in order to optimize the response of such systems by using advanced modulation techniques and formats. The use of lasers in the visible will allow the adoption of DWDM multiplexed schemes in order to maximize capacity as well as the use of multi-band modulation signals. Thus, the capacity of these links, their maximum range and the quality of the transmitted signal in all cases will be studied in order to explore flexibility and reconfigurability, as well as to propose applications for the developed links.

[ES] El trabajo consistirá en entender la topología y el tráfico de la red de Orange para poder crear un nodo nuevo y diseñar su ruta de transmisión. Este nodo comparte su emplazamiento con Vodafone. Se estudiarán los nodos candidatos de la red para poder establecer una línea de mira (LOS) directa y así crear el diseño del radioenlace. Se realizará el diseño de la ruta de transmisión y se definirán las tecnologías a utilizar (IP, VLANs,etc). Finalmente se documentará en la base de datos de la empresa.

[ES] Las comunicaciones ópticas inalámbricas (OWC) constituyen una tecnología muy prometedora para el desarrollo de futuras comunicaciones inalámbricas. De hecho, ha despertado un interés creciente entre los investigadores y varias empresas de todo el mundo trabajan actualmente en el desarrollo de redes inalámbricas de muy alta velocidad. Las comunidades científica e industrial consideran la OWC como una tecnología complementaria en sus diversas formas: comunicaciones ópticas en el espacio libre (FSO), comunicaciones de luz visible (VLC) o fidelidad de la luz (Li-Fi). El espectro óptico ha sido considerado durante muchos años como una gran oportunidad para las comunicaciones inalámbricas, especialmente debido a la saturación del espectro de radiofrecuencia (RF). Esta disertación trata del uso de fuentes de banda ancha en sistemas de transmisión de luz visible (VLC), así como en sistemas de transmisión en el espectro infrarrojo por fibra óptica. En el trabajo de investigación realizado se pueden distinguir tres partes: En la primera parte, se considera el estudio y la simulación de componentes de Diodos Emisores de Luz (LED) con el software WIEN2k centrándose en las propiedades ópticas y eléctricas de los elementos II-VI. La segunda parte trata del diseño, la implementación y las pruebas de diferentes prototipos de comunicación VLC para la transmisión analógica y digital en modo simplex y semidúplex. Hemos demostrado un sistema OWC empleando una fuente de banda ancha (LED) para la transmisión no sólo de datos, sino también para la transmisión inalámbrica de energía. Además, se aborda el problema de la sincronización y la detección del nivel "1" o "0" de un bit en los sistemas de comunicación inalámbrica óptica implementados que surge como consecuencia de la atenuación de la luz a lo largo de la distancia y al problema de la pérdida de línea de visión (NLOS) entre el emisor y el receptor. Para hacer frente a este problema, se ha proporcionado un protocolo de comunicac, [CA] Les comunicacions òptiques sense fils (OWC) constitueixen una tecnologia molt prometedora per al desenvolupament de futures comunicacions sense fils. De fet, ha despertat un interés creixent entre els investigadors i diverses empreses de tot el món treballen actualment en el desenvolupament de xarxes sense fils de molt alta velocitat. Les comunitats científica i industrial consideren la OWC com una tecnologia complementària en les seues diverses formes: comunicacions òptiques en l'espai lliure (FSO), comunicacions de llum visible (VLC) o fidelitat de la llum (Li-Fi). L'espectre òptic ha sigut considerat durant molts anys com una gran oportunitat per a les comunicacions sense fils, especialment a causa de la saturació de l'espectre de radiofreqüència (RF). Aquesta dissertació tracta de l'ús de fonts de banda ampla en sistemes de transmissió de llum visible (VLC), així com en sistemes de transmissió en l'espectre infraroig per fibra òptica. En el treball de recerca realitzat es poden distingir tres parts: ¿ En la primera part, es considera l'estudi i la simulació de components de Díodes Emissors de Llum (LED) amb el software WIEN2k centrant-se en les propietats òptiques i elèctriques dels elements II-VI. ¿ La segona part tracta del disseny, la implementació i les proves de diferents prototips de comunicació VLC per a la transmissió analògica i digital de manera simplex i semidúplex. Hem demostrat un sistema OWC emprant una font de banda ampla (LED) per a la transmissió no sols de dades, sinó també per a la transmissió sense fil d'energia. A més, s'aborda el problema de la sincronització i la detecció del nivell "1" o "0" d'un bit en els sistemes de comunicació sense fil òptica implementats, que sorgeix a conseqüència de l'atenuació de la llum al llarg de la distància i al problema de la pèrdua de línia de visió (NLOS) entre l'emissor i el receptor. Per a fer front a aquest problema, s'ha proporcionat un protocol de comunicació que garanteix la transmissió fiable, [EN] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a very promising technology for future wireless communications developments. It has attracted increasing interest from researchers and several companies around the world are currently working on the development of very high-speed wireless networks. The scientific and industrial communities believe that OWC will be a complementary technology in its various forms: Free Space Optical communications (FSO), Visible Light Communications (VLC), Light Fidelity (Li-Fi). In fact, the optical spectrum has been considered for many years as a great opportunity for wireless communications especially due to the saturation of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. This dissertation deals with the use of broadband sources in visible light transmission systems (VLC) as well as fiber optic systems. To carry out the research, three parts can be distinguished: In the first part, we consider the study and simulation of Light Emitting Diode (LED) components with the WIEN2k software by focusing on the optical and electrical properties of elements II-VI. The second part deals with the design, implementation and testing of different VLC communication prototypes for analog and digital transmission in simplex and half-duplex mode. We have demonstrated that an OWC system using a broadband source (i.e. an LED) can be used not only for data transmission, but also for wireless power transmission. Moreover, the synchronization problem and the detection of level "1" or "0" of a bit often arise in the optical wireless communication systems. This is a result of the attenuation nature of the light over the distance and the problem of Non Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) between the emitter and the receiver. To deal with this problem, a communication protocol ensuring reliable digital data transmission with an adaptive bit level detection algorithm has been provided and its effectiveness has been demonstrated by the transmission of texts and images. In addition, this thesis

[EN] A novel Flip-filter bank multicarrier (Flip-FBMC)-based transmultiplexer (TMUX) with offset quadrature amplitude modulation is proposed to enhance the transmission performance compared to a conventional Flip-OFDM system. Moreover, the possibility to reduce the TMUX response (latency) and increase spectral efficiency is investigated for the first time through a tail shortening method. The proposed design is based on a biorthogonal form for visible light communication (VLC) to increase the flexibility of design requirements. However, spectral efficiency suffers from the ramp-up and the ramp-down at the beginning and end, respectively, of a data burst. Hence, as a penalty, Flip-FBMC imposes 9 more symbols than a Flip-OFDM packet and two factors compared to a DCO-FBMC burst. Hard truncation of the lowest energy tail minimizes latency and limits the system penalty to 2.5 symbols, which is lower than that of DCO-FBCM by 2 symbols. The results show that the prototype filter of the Heisenberg factor ( ¿1 ) is highly effective in reducing the energy loss of truncated tails and reduces the symbol error rate (SER). The Flip-FBMC gain over a direct line-of-sight VLC channel is analyzed, and the channel estimation of a truncated burst, which is based on the interference approximation method (IAM) of IAM-C type, exhibits a superior performance of 1.5 dB at 10 ¿3 SER over the IAM-R method and 1 dB at 10 ¿5 SNR over a cyclic prefix of 1 point Flip-OFDM. On the other hand, the analysis reveals that IAM-C is slightly impacted by the truncated burst compared to the nontruncated version.

[EN] Microwave photonics provides attractive solutions for millimeter wave (mmW) signal generation. In this paper, we demonstrate photonically generated multiple mmW signals transmission over a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) hybrid optical network based on optical fiber and free-space optics (FSO) links. The experimental results demonstrate the generation and reconfigurable signal distribution from a central office to base stations in the frequency range 14 40 GHz with phase noise levels below 87 dBc/Hz. Moreover, 10 Gb/s data transmission has been demonstrated over photonically generated 40 GHz mmW signal. We show that FSO technology provides a possible solution for mmW fronthaul in 5th generation networks to extend the optical access network providing increased wireless accessibility and maintaining transmission capacity.

[EN] Microwave photonics is a promising solution to transmit millimeter wave (mmW) signals for the 5th generation (5G) mobile communications as part of a centralized radio access network (C-RAN). In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the impact of turbulent free space optics links on photonically generated mmW signals in the frequency range of 26¿40 GHz . We analyze the remote generation of mmW signals over hybrid links based on free-space optics (FSO) and standard single mode optical fiber (SSMF) with ¿39.97dBm received electrical power and phase noise level at 100kHz as low as ¿95.92dBcHz at 26GHz . Different thermal distributions along the FSO link have been implemented and Gamma-Gamma model has been employed to estimate the thermally induced turbulence. The results show high electrical power decrease and fluctuation of the generated mmW signal according to the particular level of the turbulence in terms of refractive index structure parameter and thermal distribution along the FSO link. 8Gb/s 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) data transmission at 42GHz has been demonstrated over the hybrid link with minimal error vector magnitude (EVM) value of 5% whereas turbulent FSO link introduced up to 5dB power penalty.

[EN] In this paper, we numerically and experimentally present the bandwidth constraints of a cost-effective 5G mobile fronthaul based on a directly-modulated laser for data modulation and a Mach-Zehnder modulator-based optical double sideband with carrier suppression scheme for optical millimeter wave (mmW) signal generation. The effect of chirp, fiber dispersion and a combination of both on different bandwidth M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) signals, i.e. M = 4, 16 and 64, at 40 GHz has also been investigated. Simulation results are firrst carried out to evaluate the impact of higher chirp of the directly-modulated laser on the link performance as a function of modulation format and signal bandwidth. We then experimentally demonstrate the same scheme transmitting M-QAM signals with bandwidths ranging from 50 to 1000 MHz over a 10 km long single mode fiber. Both experimental and simulation results show that larger signal bandwidths lead to higher optical power penalties due to the combined effect with the error vector magnitudes (EVMs), however still satisfying the required limits of 3GPP standard for allQAMsignals. Experimental measurements also showthe feasibility of including free space optics links in the optical distribution network with no further signi cant penalties. Finally, a multiband signal (three-band) transmission is demonstrated leading to an increase of the total bitrate with the measured EVMs are well below the EVM requirement.

[EN] We propose and investigate for the first time a seamless millimeter-wave (mmW) radio-over-fiber (RoF) and radio-over-free-space optics (FSO)-based downlink for use in a passive optical network architecture using 4-, 16- and 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) for broadband wireless access (BWA) networks. The proposed system is implemented in both experiment and simulation to realize continuous and ubiquitous coverage in urban and rural areas. We outline, a proof-of-concept demonstration of 4-, 16- and 64-QAMs at data rates of 34, 67 and 100 Mb/s, respectively transmitted over a 15 km standard single-mode fiber (SMF), which is then optically up-converted to 25 GHz for transmission over a 10 km of SMF and a 2 m of FSO channel under a non-uniform turbulent condition. We show the measured error vector magnitude (EVM) values of 13, 9.2 and 7.3% for 4-, 16- and 64-QAM, respectively, which are below the corresponding standard EVM requirements and therefore confirm the practicality of the proposed hybrid system. Depending on the data rates, each modulation can be adaptively configured. We report a simulation of a 10 Gb/s 4- and 64-QAM hybrid RoF-FSO downlink under an extended non-uniform turbulence regime to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme for use in practical applications. By implementing the decision-directed carrier phase recovery and linear electrical equalization, EVMs can be efficiently reduced below the required limits. We further evaluate the proposed system performance in terms of the bit error rates, constellation diagrams, received optical and mmW powers. Using state-of-the-art K-band power amplifiers and conical horn antennas, the maximum wireless transmission distance is estimated to be about 135 m for use in the last-mile BWA networks.

[EN] We present a theoretical and experimental study on the impact of different thermal-induced free-space turbulence distributions on the M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) signal transmission in radio frequency K-band over hybrid optical links of standard single mode fiber (SSMF) and free-space optics (FSO). Frequency multiplication using an external intensity modulator biased at the null transmission point has been employed to photonically generate radio signals at a frequency of 25 GHz, included for the frequency bands for fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. Moreover, extensive simulations have been performed for 10 Gb/s with 4-, 16-, and 64-QAM over 5 km of SSMF and 500 m long FSO channels under scenarios with different turbulence levels and distributions. Proof-of-concept experiments have been conducted for 20 MHz with 4- and 64-QAM over 5 km of SSMF and 2 m long FSO channels under turbulence conditions. Both theoretical and experimental systems have been analyzed in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) performance showing feasible transmission over the hybrid links in the received optical power range. Non-uniform turbulence distributions are shown to have a different impact on M-QAM modulation formats, i.e., turbulence distributions with higher strength in the middle of the FSO link reveal a 1.9 dB penalty when using 64-QAM signals compared to a 1.3 dB penalty using 4-QAM signals, whereas higher penalties have been measured when 4-QAM format is transmitted over turbulence distributions with larger magnitude in the second half of the FSO link. The results have been validated by theoretical predictions and lead to practical consequences on future networks' deployment.

[ES] El trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio y diseño de los elementos de focalización ópticos necesarios para el desarrollo de enlaces ópticos inalámbricos en el espectro visible mediante el uso de láseres y LEDs. Se estudiará el acoplo entre la fuente óptica y el aire, la fibra óptica de polímero y desde la fibra o aire al detector, teniendo en cuenta enlaces ópticos de característica dispersa o focalizada. El estudio se adaptará a las características de componentes comerciales de manera que los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo se utilizarán en los montajes experimentales de una futura tesis doctoral enmarcada en el proyecto de investigación FOCAL., [EN] Visible light communication technology (VLC) is emerging as an alternative to RF communications especially for wireless communications in indoor environments. VLC is an emerging technology that uses light in the spectrum from 380nm to 750nm instead of radio frequency signals for data transmission. The use of imaging lenses as collimators and optical antennas to improve the SNR in VLC systems is analyzed using LD's and LED's as optical sources. Firstly, a design of spherical lens is proposed to collimate a light source of gaussian angular distribution using geometric methods. At the same time, ZEMAX commercial simulator is used both for the validation of the geometric fundamentals and to extend the results and the analysis that could be limited if only geometric optics were used. The use of aspherical lenses is also proposed to improve the performance of the VLC system. The results show that the use of aspherical lenses as a collimating lens reduces the divergence angles of the beam improving collimation distances. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of different commercial lenses on non-directed LOS and directed LOS links using an LED as an optical source are described.

[ES] Este proyecto consiste en explorar el uso de tecnologías de comunicaciones ópticas inalámbricas para el desarrollo de redes Internet of Things (IoT) en el entorno doméstico. Se estudiarán las arquitecturas, tecnologías y aplicaciones en estas redes con el objeto de compararlas con las tecnologías ópticas inalámbricas disponibles hasta el momento, con especial énfasis en los sensores comunicados mediante enlaces inalámbricos en el rango espectral visible. Finalmente se realizará la propuesta y definición de una red de interior que contemple varias aplicaciones y se evaluará su consumo energético en comparación con otras tecnologías existentes actualmente en el mercado.

[EN] FBG in polymer optical fibers (POFs) is a promising technology for a wide range of sensing applications due to a lower Young¿s modulus and a large range of applying strain. Furthermore, POFs have several properties which make them attractive for biosensing applications such as nonbrittle nature, flexibility in bending and biocompatibility. Chirped Fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs), which are characterized by a nonuniform modulation of the refractive index show a broad reflection spectrum, enabling shortlength distributed sensing. The combining benefits of POF and CFBGs is attractive for biomedical applications. Here, we present a novel method to obtain CFBG in POF with a postprocess uniform POF FBG by using resin.

[EN] This paper reports the first microstructured solid-core fiber drawn from a 3D-printed preform and the first fiber Bragg gratings inscribed in a fiber of this type. The presented fiber is made of polycarbonate and displays single-mode behavior. The fiber attenuation was the lowest reported so far for a POF drawn from a 3D-printed preform across a broad range of wavelengths. In addition, extensive fiber characterization results are presented and discussed including: fiber attenuation, mode simulations, dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermo-optic coefficient. Fiber Bragg gratings are successfully inscribed in the produced fiber using three different lasers: a continuous wave helium-cadmium laser, a pulsed femtosecond frequency doubled ytterbium laser and ultra-violet nanosecond krypton fluoride laser. Mechanical testing of the fiber showed that the 3D printing approach did not introduce any unexpected or undesirable characteristics.

[ES] En este trabajo se evaluarán diferentes formatos de modulación para las redes de comunicaciones ópticas de próxima generación. Empleando un software comercial complejo de simulación se realizarán cálculos teóricos en distintos escenarios con objeto de optimizar los parámetros de transmisión y definir el mejor esquema de transmisión en cada caso. Se realizará la caracterización completa del funcionamiento de estos enlaces así como la estimación de sus límites para realizar propuestas novedosas de cara a la siguiente evolución de las redes de comunicaciones ópticas., [EN] Different advanced modulation formats will be evaluated for transmission in next generation optical communication networks. By using a complex commercial simulation platform, theoretical calculations will be carried out under different scenarios for the sake of optimising the transmission parameters as well as defining the best setup for each scenario. Full performance characterization and limitations of each transmission system will be identified towards innovative proposals for the definition of the next step towards the evolution of the optical communications networks.

© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., [EN] This paper investigates an optical transmission architecture of a passive optical network (PON), which is compatible with the millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber and free-space optics systems (RoF-FSO) under weak-to-strong atmospheric turbulence (AT) regimes to enable seamless connectivity as part of next-generation broadband wireless access networks. We first analyze and evaluate in simulation the transmission performance of the integrated system at 40 GHz for 10 Gb/s N-pulse amplitude modulation (N-PAM) with N = 2, 4. Link performance shows that, 4-PAM outperforms 2-PAM in terms of tolerance to the combined impairment of fiber chromatic dispersion and AT. We then experimentally demonstrate the proof-of-concept integrated RoF-FSO-PON at 25 GHz using 20 MHz M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) signals with M = 4, 16, 64. We show that, for QAM with a higher-order M, the link performance is being more affected by the combined impairments.

[EN] A directly modulated laser usage is proposed for 16-QAM signal transmission over hybrid optical links using two optical frequency multiplication schemes based on external modulation for 40 GHz millimeter-wave (mmW) signal generation. We provide an experimental comparison of two possible approaches: quadrature bias point external modulation system using additional optical filter and null transmission point with suppressed carrier. The systems are discussed in terms of cost and complexity of mmW photonic transmission. High error vector magnitude performance of mmW transmission over fiber and free space optics links is demonstrated and an estimation of the sensitivity of the systems is provided

[EN] This paper investigates integrated radio-over-fiber and radio-over-free-space optic links in a passive optical network architecture for ubiquitous wireless coverage. Two optical millimeter-wave generation techniques, namely optical heterodyning and optical modulator-based up-conversion are used. In the first configuration, simulation results are achieved for transmission of 20-40 Gb/s 4-PAM over the 60 GHz heterodyned hybrid link. In the second configuration, transmission of 20 MHz 4-QAM over the up-converted 25 GHz hybrid system is examined. System performance evaluation and practical feasibility is carried out in terms of the received optical powers, bit error rates, eye diagrams, error vector magnitude and constellation diagrams.

[EN] Multi-element antenna beam steering in free-licence higher frequency bands is one of the crucial features of 5G networks enabling better tracking of the users. In this paper, we present an experimental microwave photonics transmission system operating at 26 GHz where beamforming is fully realized in the optical domain. The system is designed to be deployed as a part of the mobile fronthaul network with an optical fiber span of 15 km. As a proof of concept, a planar 3-element antenna array has been developed and radiation patterns were measured in an anechoic chamber with high agreement between experimental and simulation results

© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., [EN] This contribution describes the impact of non uniform thermal-induced turbulence on 64-QAM LTE signal transmission at 25 GHz millimeter wave (mmW) signal along hybrid RoF/RoFSO links. Microwave photonic signal generation has been employed by using the optical frequency doubling with intensity modulator biased at the minimum transmission point. The optical and electrical power budgets of different scenarios have been defined and error vector magnitude (EVM) performance has been measured. It is shown that the uniform scenario with high turbulence in the middle of the link is the one with greater impact on the quality of the received data.

[ES] El trabajo consistirá en el montaje y la caracterización experimental de un sistema de comunicaciones ópticas que emplea un LED emitiendo luz en el espectro visible, también utilizado para iluminación, para la transmisión de datos. Se realizará la programación de la información a transmitir y se caracterizará la respuesta del enlace bajo diversas condiciones, como distancia, orientación, luz de fondo, velocidad de transmisión, etc, con objeto de conocer sus limitaciones y proponer aplicaciones para estos sistemas, que en un futuro próximo constituirán una alternativa real al WIFI de las redes de acceso en interiores mediante el empleo de tecnologías ópticas., [EN] The work will consist of the assembly and experimental characterization of an optical communications system that uses a LED emitting light in the visible spectrum, also used for lighting, for the transmission of data. The programming of the information to be transmitted will be carried out and the response of the link will be characterized under various conditions such as distance, orientation, backlight, transmission speed, etc, in order to know its limitations and to propose further applications. In the next future, these systems will be a real alternative to current WIFI indoor access networks indoor by means of optical technologies.

Tesis por compendio, [ES] Con el continuo desarrollo de materiales y tecnologías de fabricación durante las últimas tres décadas, la atenuación de la transmisión de las fibras ópticas de polímero (POF) se ha reducido considerablemente. Las POF son ventajosas para las redes domésticas, así como para las interconexiones de almacenamiento, y tienen ventajas significativas para muchas aplicaciones de detección, que incluye el límite alto de tensión elástica, alta resistencia a la fractura, alta flexibilidad en la flexión, alta sensibilidad a la tensión y coeficientes termoópticos negativos. Esta tesis consigue mejorar la tecnología de irradiación con láser para POF e investiga dispositivos especiales basados en redes de difracción en POF para comunicaciones ópticas, microondas, fotónica y detección. En particular, desarrollamos la tecnología de fabricación rápida de FBGs en POF con un estudio detallado y la optimización de los parámetros de fabricación de redes de difracción de Bragg en fibra (FBG). Los resultados más destacados incluyen un FBG uniforme de 8 dB con un solo pulso láser Nd: YAG (26 nsm) (8 ns) basado en fibra dopada con BDK, que es el tiempo más corto presentado hasta ahora para la fabricación de FBGs en POF. La irradiación de fibras ópticas de polímero utilizando diferentes materiales basado en el láser KrF a 248 nm permitió demostrar un mejor rendimiento en comparación con el sistema que emplea el láser He-Cd a 325 nm. Además, se fabricaron FBGs uniformes en POFs de índice escalón dopadas con TS en menos de 1 segundo mediante la repetición de pulsos con baja energía. Finalmente, el estudio de la irradiación UV con pulsos de baja energía para la fabricación de redes de difracción estables permitió ahorrar energía en el proceso de fabricación de FBGs en POF, como uno de los principales requisitos para la producción en masa. Basándonos en la tecnología de fabricación mejorada, nos centramos en la fabricación de redes de difracción con diferentes estructuras: se fabricó un FBG, [CA] Amb el continu desenvolupament de materials i tecnologies de fabricació durant les últimes tres dècades, l'atenuació de la transmissió de les fibres òptiques de polímer (POF) s'ha reduït considerablement. Els POF són avantatjosos per a les xarxes domèstiques, així com per a les interconnexions d'emmagatzematge, i tenen avantatges significatius per a moltes aplicacions de detecció, inclosos els límits de tensió elàstica alta, alta resistència a la fractura, alta flexibilitat en la flexió, alta sensibilitat a la tensió i potencials coeficients termoópticos negatius. Aquesta tesi va millorar la tecnologia d'irradiació amb làser per a POF i va investigar dispositius basats en xarxes difracció de Bragg (FBG) especials en POF per a comunicació òptica, microones, fotònica i detecció. En particular, desenvolupem la tecnologia de fabricació ràpida de FBG en POF amb un estudi detallat i l'optimització dels paràmetres per a la seua fabricació. Els punts destacats dels resultats inclouen un FBG uniforme de 8 dB amb un sol pols del làser Nd: YAG (266 nm) (8 ns) basat en fibra dopada amb BDK, que és el temps més curt reportat per a la fabricació de POF FBG. La irradiació de fibres òptiques de polímer utilitzant diferents materials sota el sistema de làser KrF a 248 nm va permetre demostrar un millor rendiment en comparació amb el sistema de làser Kimmon de 325 nm. A més, els FBG uniformes en el POF dopat amb TS d'índex escalonat es van aconseguir amb menys d'1 segon mitjançant la repetició de polsos de control i l'energia baixa de pols. Finalment, l'estudi de la irradiació d'energia de pols per a la fabricació de FBGs estables va permetre estalviar energia en el procés de fabricació de FBGs en POF, com un dels principals objectius de la producció en massa. Basant-nos en la tecnologia de fabricació millorada, ens centrem en la fabricació de diferents estructures de xarxes de difracció: es va fabricar un FBG amb desplaçament de fase utilitzant dos polsos de 15 ns a 248 nm KrF, [EN] With the continuing development of material and fabrication technologies over the last three decades, the transmission attenuation of polymer optical fibers (POF) has been greatly decreased. POFs are advantageous for home networks as well as storage interconnections and have significant advantages for many sensing applications, including high elastic strain limits, high fracture toughness, high flexibility in bending, high sensitivity to strain and potential negative thermo-optic coefficients. This thesis improved the laser irradiation technology for POF and investigated special grating devices in POF for optical communication, microware photonics and sensing. In particular, we developed fast POF grating fabrication technology with a detailed study and optimization of the polymer optical fiber Bragg grating (POFBG) fabrication parameters. Highlights of the results include an 8 dB uniform POFBG with one single Nd:YAG (266nm) laser pulse (8 ns) based on BDK doped fiber, which is the shortest time ever reported for POFBG fabrication. The irradiation of polymer optical fibers using different materials under 248 nm KrF laser system allowed to demonstrate a better performance compared with 325 nm Kimmon laser system. Furthermore, uniform FBGs in step-index TS doped POF were achieved with less than 1 second by means of controlling pulse repetition and low pulse energy. Finally, the study of low UV pulse power irradiation for fabricating stable gratings allowed to save energy in the POF grating fabrication process, as one of the main goals for mass production. Based on the improved fabrication technology, we focused on the fabrication of different grating structures: a phase-shifted FBG was fabricated by using two 15 ns 248 nm KrF pulses overlapped by Moiré method; the first tunable chirped FBG was achieved by using a single laser short pulse, which opened the applications based on chirped POF BGs; also a novel thermal annealing method was proposed to obtain chirped PO

[ES] El trabajo consistirá en el desarrollo de una nueva herramienta software que permita diseñar redes de comunicación e iluminación en salas interiores basadas en la tecnología de comunicaciones ópticas inalámbricas que utilizan el espectro visible mediante el uso de fuentes ópticas LEDs. Se realizará un estudio de mercado detallado de forma que el software incluirá las características de los componentes actuales del mercado para realizar diseño realistas que se adapten a distintas aplicaciones y escenarios. Tanto los requisitos de iluminación como los del sistema de comunicaciones serán abordados desde un punto de vista técnico con el fin de obtener resultados prácticos en situaciones reales., [EN] The work consists of the development of a new software that allows to design communication and illumination indoor networks based on wireless optical communications technology which employs the visible spectal region and LED optical sources. A detailed market study will be carried out in order to include the characteristics of the current components in the market in the software to perform realistic and flexible designs valid for different applications and scenarios. Both the lighting requirements and those of the communications system will be approached from a technical point of view in order to obtain practical results for real situations.

[EN] We demonstrate a largely tunable dispersion fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscribed in a microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF). The bandwidth of the chirped FBG (CFBG) was achieved from 0.11 to 4.86 nm, which corresponds to a tunable dispersion range from 513.6 to 11.15 ps/nm. Furthermore, thermal sensitivity is used to compensate for the wavelength shift due to the applied strain. These results demonstrate that a CFBG in a POF is a promising technology for future optical systems. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America

[EN] We demonstrate that fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) can be written in a doped polymer optical fiber (POF) in a low ultraviolet (UV) pulse energy regime (60 ¿J/pulse) using a 248-nm krypton fluoride excimer laser system. The total energy density per inscription necessary to obtain Bragg gratings is between 493.6 and 3825 mJ/cm2, depending on the number of pulses and the pulse energy. The impact of the pulse energy on the growth of the Bragg grating is investigated, and it is shown that the 248-nm light induces a positive refractive index change. This article demonstrates that the FBGs can be obtained in the POFs without high pulse energy (mJ level) at 248-nm wavelength, which reduces maintenance costs. Furthermore, we can consider it as a solution to increase the lifetime of the laser system without high energy still allowing fast and efficient production of the FBGs for sensing applications.

[EN] In this work, a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) inscribed in a microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) has been demonstrated for detecting temperature pro- files during thermal treatments. A CFBG of 10 mm length and 0.98 nm bandwidth has been inscribed in a mPOF fiber by means of a KrF laser and uniform phase mask. The CFBG has a high temperature sensitivity of -191.4 pm/°C). The CFBG has been used as a semi-distributed temperature sensor, capable of detecting the temperature profile along the grating length, for scenarios that account minimally invasive biomedical treatments. Two experiments have been designed to validate the CFBG tem- perature reconstruction, using a linear gradient, and a research- grade radiofrequency ablation (RFA) setup to apply Gaussian- shaped temperature spatial profiles. The result is that the higher sensitivity of the CFBG supports the detection of spatially non- uniform temperature fields by means of spectral reconstruction.

© 2018 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited", [EN] We experimentally demonstrate the first polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings inscribed with only one Nd: YAG laser (266 nm) pulse. The gratings have been inscribed in a single-mode poly (methyl methacrylate) optical fiber, with a core doped with benzyl dimethyl ketal for photosensitivity enhancement. One laser pulse with a duration of 8 ns and energy of 72 mu J is adequate to introduce a refractive index change of 0.5 x 10(-4) in the fiber core. The stability of the gratings has been confirmed and the strain and temperature sensitivity measurements demonstrate their tunable properties. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement.

© 2018 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited", [EN] We obtained chirped gratings by performing hot water gradient thermal annealing of uniform poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) microstructured polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs). The proposed method's simplicity is one of its main advantages because no special phase mask or additional etching are needed. It not only enables easy control tuning of the central wavelength and chirp characteristics, but it also leads to obtain flexible grating response, compared with tapered chirped POFBGs. Therefore, a flexible and low-cost chirped POFBG devices fabrication technique has been presented by using a single uniform phase mask. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

"© 2018 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited", [EN] We demonstrate chirped Bragg gratings fabrication in doped microstructured tapered polymer fibers by using a uniform phase mask. The use of high photosensitive benzyl dimethyl ketal (BDK) doped core fiber allows to obtain chirped Bragg gratings by means of a single krypton fluoride laser pulse. The stability of the gratings has been confirmed and the strain and temperature sensitivity measurements demonstrate their tunable properties. Finally, different tapered profiles have been implemented in order to show the potentiality of this fabrication technique in polymer optical fibers. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement.

"© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.", [EN] We demonstrate 20 dB long period grating (LPG) fast inscription in microstructured polymer optical fibers (mPOFs) using a point-by-point technique obtaining an LPG total length of 25 mm. Two 248 nm UV laser pulses of 15 ns duration have been employed for every inscription point, which means a time reduction by over 21 times compared with the fastest inscription time already reported in literature. The device has been fabricated in a single-mode mPOF with a core that has been doped with benzyl dimethyl ketal for photosensitivity enhancement. Moreover, we characterize the strain and temperature responses and the stability of the fabricated gratings response under different conditions in order to assess the viability for different applications.

"© 2018 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited", [EN] This paper presents fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscription with a pulsed 248 nm UV KrF laser in polymer optical fibers (POFs) made of different polymers, namely polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cyclic-olefin polymer and co-polymer, and Polycarbonate. The inscribed gratings and the corresponding inscription parameters are compared with grating inscribed in POFs made of the aforementioned materials but with the hitherto most used laser for inscription, which is a continuous wave 325 nm UV HeCd laser. Results show a reduction of the inscription time of at least 16 times. The maximum time reduction is more than 130 times. In addition, a reflectivity and a bandwidth close to or higher than the ones with the 325 nm laser were obtained. The polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs) inscribed with the 248 nm laser setup present high stability with small variations in their central wavelength, bandwidth, and reflectivity after 40 days. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement.

[EN] We demonstrate a chirped microstructured polymer fiber Bragg grating based on taper technology for strain sensing application. The effective bandwidth of the grating is dependent on strain and remains practically constant with respect to temperature and humidity changes. We report a sensitivity of 0.90 pm/mu e for the central wavelength under stable temperature and humidity values. The 3-dB bandwidth of the grating has been measured under different temperature and humidity conditions.

[EN] We demonstrate a simple way to fabricate phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating in polymer optical fibers as a narrowband transmission filter for a variety of applications at telecom wavelengths. The filters have been fabricated by overlapping two uniform fiber Bragg gratings with slightly different periods to create a Moire grating with only two pulses (one pulse is 15 ns) of UV power. Experimental characterization of the filter is provided under different conditions where the strain and temperature sensitivities were measured.

© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permissíon from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., [EN] We demonstrate the Bragg gratings inscription in the 850-nm spectral region by using trans-4-stilbenemethanol-doped poly methyl methacrylate step-index optical fiber and a 248-nm krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser system. The gratings inscription only takes 0.4 s. A detailed study of the grating fabrication process using different pulse repetition rates is also reported. In addition, temperature, humidity, and strain sensitivities are measured to demonstrate the potentiality of these components for different sensing applications.

[EN] A WDM OOFDM access network using a centralized optical transceiver based on a single optical broadband sliced source at the Central Office is presented as a low cost solution. Such network offers downlink and uplink signal transmission by using double sideband modulation and optical carrier re-use, as well as dynamic bandwidth allocation, multiple band selection and tunable OFDM band selection in reconfigurable networks at moderate bitrates.

El incesante aumento de ancho de banda por parte de los usuarios finales que requieren actualmente los servicios que ofrecen Internet, vídeo de alta definición, aplicaciones multimedia o juegos on-line hace que las modulaciones avanzadas jueguen un papel fundamental en las redes ópticas. La técnica OOFDM (\emph{Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing}) ha sido ampliamente utilizada como solución para las redes de comunicaciones, gracias a las ventajas que ofrece en cuanto a su resistencia a la dispersión cromática y de polarización, su adaptabilidad a variaciones del canal o su alta eficiencia espectral. La técnica de modulación OFDM data del siglo pasado, si bien es cierto que su implementación digital le ha dado un impulso importante en las últimas décadas. A partir de una serie de símbolos modulados, esta técnica asocia cada uno de los símbolos a una portadora. El conjunto de todas las portadoras es lo que se conoce como símbolo OFDM, siendo la señal OFDM el conjunto de todos los símbolos OFDM generados. La relación que deben cumplir las portadoras entre sí, los diferentes tipos de símbolos OFDM, las extensiones cíclicas o la estimación del canal son algunos de los bloques que describiremos con detalle a lo largo de esta memoria. La generación de señales OFDM moduladas en intensidad y detectadas de forma directa a partir de modulaciones en doble banda lateral dan lugar a un uso ineficiente del espectro, además de que sufren penalizaciones importantes debido a la dispersión cromática. De forma alternativa, las modulaciones en banda lateral única evitan este inconveniente. En este trabajo presentaremos un esquema original de transmisión de señales ópticas OFDM basado en la modulación de banda lateral única que permite un uso del espectro más eficiente. Consiste en la definición de canales pareados que incluyen dos portadoras espectralmente próximas moduladas, cada una de ellas con la banda lateral única externa. Por otra parte, esta tesis ofrece una solu, The increasing demand of bandwidth per end-user required by current Internet services, high-definition video, multimedia applications or on-line gaming drives the advanced modulations to play a significant role in optical networks. OOFDM (Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has been widely employed as a solution for network communications due to its advantages, such as overcoming chromatic and polarization dispersion impairments, its adaptability to channel variations and its high spectral efficiency. The modulation technique OFDM dates from the last century, while it is true that its digital implementation has given a boost in the last decades. From a list of modulated symbols, this technique maps each one with a carrier. The set of every carriers forms an OFDM symbol, and the set of every OFDM symbols results in the OFDM signal. The conditions that carriers must satisfy, the different kind of OFDM symbols, the cyclic extensions or the channel estimation are some of the blocks that will be described in-depth along this work. The generation of OFDM signals, intensity modulated and directly detected, from double sideband modulations results in an inefficient use of the spectrum, adding the power fading related to the chromatic dispersion. Alternatively, the single band modulations avoid this drawback. In this work, we are introducing an original scheme of transmission of optical OFDM signals based on the single band modulation that makes a better use of the spectrum. It consists of the definition of paired channels. Each one includes two optical carriers with a narrow spectral separation, and the external single sideband. Furthermore, this Thesis provides a low-cost solution for the implementation of WDM-OFDM transmitters based on the use of broadband sources. Despite the chromatic dispersion avoids the use of this kind of optical sources, the inclusion of some structures before the detection enable the transmission of OFDM signals in optical links. T, L'incessant augment d'amplada de banda per part dels usuaris finals que requereixen actualment els serveis que ofereixen Internet, vídeo d'alta definició, aplicacions multimèdia o jocs en línia fan que les modulacions avançades tinguen un paper fonamental en les xarxes òptiques. La tècnica OOFDM (\emph{Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing}) ha estat àmpliament utilitzada com a solució per a les xarxes de comunicacions, gràcies als avantatges que ofereix quant a resistència a la dispersió cromàtica i de polarització, la seua adaptabilitat a variacions del canal o la seua alta eficiència espectral. La tècnica de modulació OFDM data del segle passat, si bé és cert que la seua implementació digital li ha donat una espenta important en les últimes dècades. A partir d'una sèrie de símbols modulats, aquesta tècnica associa cadascun dels símbols a una portadora. El conjunt de totes les portadores es coneix com a símbol OFDM, sent el senyal OFDM el conjunt de tots els símbols OFDM generats. La relació que han de complir les portadores entre elles, els diferents tipus de símbols OFDM, les extensions cícliques o l'estimació de canal són alguns dels blocs que descriurem amb detall al llarg d'aquesta memòria. La generació de senyals OFDM modulats en intensitat i detectats de forma directa a partir de modulacions en doble banda lateral donen lloc a un ús ineficient de l'espectre, a més que pateixen penalitzacions importants a causa de la dispersió cromàtica. Alternativament, les modulacions en banda lateral única eviten aquest inconvenient. En aquest treball presentarem un esquema original de transmissió de senyals òptics OFDM basat en la modulació de banda lateral única que permet un ús de l'espectre més eficient. Consisteix en la definició de canals emparellats que inclouen dues portadores espectralment pròximes modulades, cadascuna d'elles amb la banda lateral única externa. Per altra banda, aquesta Tesi ofereix una solució de baix cost per a la implementació de

El objetivo de este trabajo será el diseño y la implementación experimental de un amplificador de fibra de bajo coste, alta ganancia y potencia de salida óptica elevada basado en fibras ópticas dopadas con Er e Yb de múltiples cubiertas, partiendo de los resultados obtenidos en un trabajo anterior y con el objetivo de optimizar las prestaciones mediante un bombeo eficiente de estas fibras, reduciendo las reflexiones y ecualizando la ganancia espectral para su uso en sistemas DWDM., The objective of this work will be the design and the experimental implementation of a low cost, high gain and high optical output power fiber amplifier based on Er and Yb doped multipled cladding optical fibers based on the results obtained in a previous work with the sake of optimizing the amplifiers performance. Efficient pumping of these fibers, reducing reflections and equalizing the spectral gain for their use in DWDM systems will be considered along the work.

In this document the work done in the implementation of an optical fiber amplifier, specifically one of doped fiber with Erbium and Ytterbium is presented, as well as all the measurements done for its characterization. Morever, many papers related with optical amplification are analized and a study is made about the actual market of amplificators, mainly concentrated in China, in order to make a comparative of the amplifier impolemented with the ones in the mundial market. The main difficulty has been the splicing of the unions between the doped fibers which result was finally a good one, specially with the TC1500Y 6 triple clad fiber. An output power of more tan 30 dBm has been achieved, that was the objective of the project, with gain levels close to 35 dB. Besides, the final cost of the amplifier is of just 842 euros, that would allow to market it at a very competitive price., En este documento se presenta el trabajo realizado en la implementación de un amplificador de fibra óptica, concretamente uno de fibra dopada con Erbio e Iterbio, así como todas las medidas realizadas para la caracterización de éste. Además, se analizan multitud de artículos académicos relacionados con la amplificación óptica y se hace un estudio del mercado actual de amplificadores, concentrado principalmente en China, para posteriormente hacer una comparativa del amplificador implementado con los existentes en el mercado mundial. La principal dificultad que se ha encontrado ha sido la realización de los empalmes de las fibras dopadas cuyo resultado ha sido bueno finalmente, especialmente el de la TC1500Y 6 de triple cubierta. Se ha conseguido una potencia de salida superior a los 30 dBm, que era el objetivo del proyecto, con niveles de ganancia cercanos a los 35 dB. Además, el coste final del amplificador es de sólo 842 euros lo que permitiría comercializarlo a un precio muy competitivo.

This project will include a study on the role of microwave photonics in the implementation of 5G networks. After identifying the needs of these networks and the solutions offered by the photonic systems, an access network for indoor 5G communications will be performed with special attention to coverage and badwidth issues. The design includes the definition of the architecture as well as the selection of components available in the market, which characteristics will be employed to perform a complete assessment of the performance and costs of the proposed network., Este proyecto realizará un estudio sobre la función de la fotónica de microondas en la implementación de las redes 5G. Tras identificar las necesidades de estas redes y las soluciones que ofrecen los sistemas fotónicos, se realizará un diseño de una red de acceso indoor que resuelve adecuadamente la cobertura y banda ancha. El diseño comprende la definición de la arquitectura, así como la selección de componentes disponibles en el mercado cuyas características permitirán una evaluación completa del funcionamiento y costes de la red propuesta.

The project will study the state of the art of the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on the implementation of energy management. He will also perform a deep market study on the solutions currently available. By using such solutions, the student will propose and design the optical infrastructure required in the Campus de Vera for that IoT network that allows efficient management of energy consumption. The required components will be defined and the proposed design will be evaluated in terms to estimate the new energy efficiency. Finally, an evaluation of the budget of the proposed system will be performed., El proyecto realizará el estudio del arte actual de las redes IoT (Internet de las Cosas), especialmente en su aplicación de la gestión de la energía. Asimismo, realizará un estudio de mercado sobre las soluciones disponibles actualmente. A partir de ellas, el estudiante realizará el diseño de la infraestructura óptica necesaria en el Campus de Vera para dicha red IoT que permita realizar una gestión eficiente del consumo de energía, definiendo los componentes necesarios y evaluando el ahorro introducido con la solución propuesta. Finalmente se realizará el presupuesto del sistema propuesto.

A polymer optical fiber communications network will be designed for vehicles. A review on the state of the art of polymer optical fiber networks for vehicle communications. A proposal will be carried out by employing WDM technology to guarantee advanced performance. The operation of such network will be evaluated, and also quoted to assess about the viability of the proposal. Different assumptions about requirements of such network according to current vehicles characteristics will be done in order to complete a practical design., Se diseñará una red de comunicaciones basada en fibra óptica de plástico para su uso en vehículos. Para ello será necesario conocer el estado del arte de las redes de fibra óptica en automóviles, y a partir de la documentación existente, se realizará una propuesta de sistema que incluya la tecnología WDM para garantizar prestaciones avanzadas, que deben ser evaluadas, junto con el presupuesto de la misma. Se realizarán suposiciones razonables sobre los requisitos de este tipo de redes en base al trabajo de documentación realizado.

[EN] In this letter, optical OFDM signal transmission is demonstrated by using a broadband optical source over a 10 km fiber link. OFDM signal transmission usually employs lasers to generate the optical carrier since the chromatic fiber dispersion prevents the use of broadband optical sources. However, an interferometric system is introduced to allow signal transmission at a given RF band when a broadband optical source is employed. Optical sources with different optical bandwidths have been employed to explore the limitations of the system. OFDM transmission at 2 Gb/s using both QPSK and 16QAM modulation is demonstrated over 10 km.

Este proyecto es un estudio de viabilidad tecnológica y económica de la implantación de una infraestructura de telecomunicaciones en un entorno hospitality (concretamente, un hotel de obra nueva), utilizando -casi- exclusivamente tecnología óptica y que, de esta forma, sustituya a las múltiples redes superpuestas que actualmente se utilizan. Para ello, tras describir las características de este tipo de instalaciones, los servicios que deben albergar y los dispositivos que se emplean para implementarlos, se busca parametrizar las mediciones, a través de la descripción detallada de un edificio genérico y de tamaño configurable, dado que el propósito no es estudiar un caso concreto, sino compararlos en función de sus medidas. Sobre ese modelo, se despliegan varias topologías típicas de cableado y se analizan sus dimensiones y costes. Luego, se varían los parámetros más significativos de forma discreta y se representan en gráficas para poder obtener conclusiones sobre cómo afectan éstos a las longitudes de cable necesario y también al coste total de la instalación. Con estos datos, se analiza el impacto en el presupuesto de cada partida en la implantación de una red de este tipo.