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This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC) in a Mexican sample of hospitals. The data were collected from 788 clinical staff from 6 hospitals. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the data set, and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the validation data set to explore and check the original US model fit in a Mexican sample. Additionally, we tested the relationship between the HSPSC dimensions and the perceived healthcare service quality (source = patients) as well as employees engagement. Our results showed a 9-factor optimal measurement model. The confirmatory factor analyses were then performed to compare the model fit of three competing models (9-factor alternative model vs 12-factor original model vs the single factor model). The original 12-factor model performed significantly worse in a Mexican sample. Furthermore, the 9-factor solution yielded the most satisfactory levels of reliability for each component. The mean scores of the patient safety culture dimensions in the Mexican sample were comparable with those found in previous studies conducted in different countries. However, this is the first systematic analysis of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the HSPSC conducted in a Latino American country. This study provided evidence that the original 12-factor structure of the HSPSC has not been replicated in a Mexican sample of hospitals., Depto. de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub