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1. Short note on the mapping of heritage sites impacted by the 2024 floods in Valencia, Spain

Author

Grau-Bove, Josep, Higha, Richard, Orr, Scott, and Kumar, Pakhee

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

This short note presents preliminary findings on the impact of the October 2024 floods on cultural heritage sites in Valencia, Spain. Using publicly available data, we assess the extent of potential damage by overlaying flood maps with heritage site coordinates. We identify that 3.3\% of heritage sites in the region have been potentially impacted, with churches and shrines (81), outdoor religious iconography (78), and historic irrigation features (45) being the most heavily affected. Our analysis utilizes data from OpenStreetMap and listings from the Generalitat Valenciana, suggesting that while OpenStreetMap's crowd-sourced data can provide useful estimates of the proportion of impacted sites, it may not be suitable for a detailed damage assessment. By sharing this data openly, we aim to contribute to international efforts in preserving cultural heritage after the disaster and provide a foundation for future assessments of heritage site vulnerability to climate-related events.

Published
2024

3. Chapter The impact of vertical greening on local microclimate

Author

De Groeve, Marie, Kale, Eda, Orr, Scott Allan, and De Kock, Tim

Subjects
Vertical greening, Built heritage, Monitoring case studies, Microclimate, Urban heat island, bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AM Architecture, bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
Abstract

Architecture

Published
2023
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5. Contributors

Author

Acampora, Gregory Alexander, primary, Ahmad, Zeba N., additional, Alpay, Menekse, additional, Alpert, Jonathan E., additional, Babadi, Baktash, additional, Baek, Ji Hyun, additional, Baig, Mizra, additional, Bains, Ashika, additional, Baker, Amanda Waters, additional, Baldi, Olivia, additional, Beach, Scott R., additional, Beck, BJ, additional, Beckwith, Noor, additional, Benedek, David M., additional, Beresin, Eugene V., additional, Biederman, Joseph, additional, Bird, Suzanne A., additional, Blais, Mark A., additional, Bosson, Rahel, additional, Brendel, Rebecca Weintraub, additional, Bui, Eric, additional, Camprodon, Joan A., additional, Capawana, Michael R., additional, Caplan, Jason P., additional, Carter, Christopher, additional, Cassano, Paolo, additional, Cather, Corinne, additional, Celano, Christopher M., additional, Chang, Trina E., additional, Charoenpong, Prangthip, additional, Chemali, Zeina N., additional, Chen, Justin, additional, Chopra, Amit, additional, Choukas, Nathaniel, additional, Chung, Sun Young, additional, Cohen, Jonah, additional, Cohen, Lee S., additional, Colvin, Mary K. (Molly), additional, Conteh, Nkechi, additional, Crain, Laura D., additional, Cremens, M. Cornelia, additional, Cusin, Cristina, additional, Dekel, Sharon, additional, Denysenko, Lex, additional, Dickerson, Bradford C., additional, Donovan, Abigail L., additional, Doorley, James, additional, Dougherty, Darin D., additional, Ducharme, Simon, additional, Eddy, Kamryn T., additional, Edersheim, Judith G., additional, Evanoff, Anastasia B., additional, Fava, Maurizio, additional, Finn, Christine T., additional, Fernandez-Robles, Carlos, additional, Fishel, Anne K., additional, Forchelli, Gina, additional, Freudenreich, Oliver, additional, Fricchione, Gregory L., additional, Friedman, Nora D.B., additional, Gatchel, Jennifer R., additional, Gelaye, Bizu, additional, Georgiopoulos, Anna M., additional, Ghaznavi, Sharmin, additional, Ginsburg, Richard, additional, Gold, Alexandra K., additional, Gordon, Christopher D., additional, Gray, Caroline A., additional, Greenberg, Donna B., additional, Greer, Joseph, additional, Hazen, Eric P., additional, Henry, Michael E., additional, Herman, John B., additional, Himes, Susan, additional, Hogan, Charlotte, additional, Holt, Daphne J., additional, Huffman, Jeffery C., additional, Huguenel, Brynn, additional, Ipek, Simay, additional, Irwin, Kelly Edwards, additional, Ivkovic, Ana, additional, Jacobs, Jamie, additional, Jagodnik, Kathleen M., additional, Jain, Felipe A., additional, Jankauskaite, Greta, additional, Januzzi, James L., additional, Jenike, Michael A., additional, Jenkins, Jonathan, additional, Johnson, Justin M., additional, Julian, John N., additional, Kamali, Masoud, additional, Kaneko, Yoshio A., additional, Katz, Tamar C., additional, Keuroghlian, Alex, additional, Keuthen, Nancy J., additional, Khoshbin, Shahram, additional, Kim, Hyun-Hee, additional, Kim, Youngjung R., additional, Koh, Katherine A., additional, Kohrman, Samuel I., additional, Kontos, Nicholas, additional, Lagomasino, Isabel T., additional, Leval, Rebecca, additional, Leveroni, Catherine, additional, Lim, Carol, additional, Luccarelli, James, additional, Madarasmi, Saira, additional, Madva, Elizabeth N., additional, McCoy, Thomas H., additional, Milosavljevic, Nada, additional, Mischoulon, David, additional, Miyares, Peyton, additional, Morelli, Leah W., additional, Rodriguez, Alejandra E. Morfin, additional, Murray, Evan D., additional, Murray, Helen Burton, additional, Nejad, Shamim H., additional, Newhouse, Amy L., additional, Nicolson, Stephen E., additional, Nierenberg, Andrew A., additional, Nisavic, Mladen, additional, Nonacs, Ruta M., additional, Öngür, Dost, additional, Onyeaka, Henry, additional, Orr, Scott P., additional, Ostacher, Michael J., additional, Pace-Schott, Edward F., additional, Papakostas, George I., additional, Paudel, Shreedhar, additional, Peay, Celeste, additional, Pederson, Aderonke Bamgbose, additional, Penava, Susan J., additional, Perez, David L., additional, Perlis, Roy H., additional, Peters, Amy T., additional, Pinsky, Elizabeth G., additional, Pollak, Lauren Norton, additional, Pollastri, Alisha R., additional, Post, Loren M., additional, Powell, Alicia D., additional, Prager, Laura M., additional, Praschan, Nathan, additional, Price, Bruce H., additional, Prince, Jefferson B., additional, Probert, Julia M., additional, Prom, Maria C., additional, Punko, Diana, additional, Rauch, Scott L., additional, Raviola, Giuseppe J., additional, Reilly-Harrington, Noreen A., additional, Ritchie, Elspeth Cameron, additional, Rivas-Vazquez, Rafael, additional, Robinson, Ellen M., additional, Roffman, Joshua L., additional, Rubin, David H., additional, Ruchensky, Jared R., additional, Salvi, Joshua D., additional, Sanders, Kathy M., additional, Sanders, Wesley M., additional, Schlozman, Steven C., additional, Schouten, Ronald, additional, Schuster, Randi, additional, Shafer, Linda C., additional, Sheets, Jennifer, additional, Sher, Yelizaveta, additional, Sherman, Janet Cohen, additional, Sinclair, Samuel Justin, additional, Smith, Felicia A., additional, Sockalingam, Sanjeev, additional, Sogg, Stephanie, additional, Sorg, Emily M., additional, Sprich, Susan E., additional, Stein, Michelle B., additional, Stern, Theodore A., additional, Stoler, Joan M., additional, Stone, Mira, additional, Surman, Craig B.H., additional, Sylvia, Louisa G., additional, Tanev, Kaloyan S., additional, Tayeb, Haythum O., additional, Taylor, John B., additional, Thom, Robyn P., additional, Thomas, Jennifer J., additional, Tillman, Emma M., additional, Traeger, Lara, additional, Trinh, Nhi-Ha, additional, Uchida, Mai, additional, Ulman, Kathleen Hubbs, additional, Valera, Eve M., additional, Van Alphen, Manjola U., additional, Vazquez, Rafael, additional, Viguera, Adele C., additional, Wang, Betty, additional, Weilburg, Jeffrey B., additional, Weinberg, Marc, additional, Weinstein, Sylvie J., additional, Weisholtz, Daniel, additional, Wilens, Timothy E., additional, Wilhelm, Sabine, additional, Winkelman, John W., additional, Wright, Christopher L., additional, Wynn, Gary H., additional, Yeung, Albert, additional, Zakhary, Lisa, additional, and Zambrano, Juliana, additional

Published
2025
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6. BERT-Flow-VAE: A Weakly-supervised Model for Multi-Label Text Classification

Author

Liu, Ziwen, Grau-Bove, Josep, and Orr, Scott Allan

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Multi-label Text Classification (MLTC) is the task of categorizing documents into one or more topics. Considering the large volumes of data and varying domains of such tasks, fully supervised learning requires manually fully annotated datasets which is costly and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose BERT-Flow-VAE (BFV), a Weakly-Supervised Multi-Label Text Classification (WSMLTC) model that reduces the need for full supervision. This new model (1) produces BERT sentence embeddings and calibrates them using a flow model, (2) generates an initial topic-document matrix by averaging results of a seeded sparse topic model and a textual entailment model which only require surface name of topics and 4-6 seed words per topic, and (3) adopts a VAE framework to reconstruct the embeddings under the guidance of the topic-document matrix. Finally, (4) it uses the means produced by the encoder model in the VAE architecture as predictions for MLTC. Experimental results on 6 multi-label datasets show that BFV can substantially outperform other baseline WSMLTC models in key metrics and achieve approximately 84% performance of a fully-supervised model., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022

7. Randomized controlled experimental study of hydrocortisone and D-cycloserine effects on fear extinction in PTSD.

Author

Inslicht, Sabra, Niles, Andrea, Metzler, Thomas, Lipshitz, Saar, Otte, Christian, Milad, Mohammed, Orr, Scott, Marmar, Charles, and Neylan, Thomas

Subjects
Cycloserine, Double-Blind Method, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Hydrocortisone, N-Methylaspartate, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
Abstract

Fear extinction underlies prolonged exposure, one of the most well-studied treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has been increased interest in exploring pharmacological agents to enhance fear extinction learning in humans and their potential as adjuncts to PE. The objective of such adjuncts is to augment the clinical impact of PE on the durability and magnitude of symptom reduction. In this study, we examined whether hydrocortisone (HC), a corticosteroid, and D-Cycloserine (DCS), an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor partial agonist, enhance fear extinction learning and consolidation in individuals with PTSD. In a double-blind placebo-controlled 3-group experimental design, 90 individuals with full or subsyndromal PTSD underwent fear conditioning with stimuli that were paired (CS+) or unpaired (CS-) with shock. Extinction learning occurred 72 h later and extinction retention was tested one week after extinction. HC 25 mg, DCS 50 mg or placebo was administered one hour prior to extinction learning. During extinction learning, the DCS and HC groups showed a reduced differential CS+/CS- skin conductance response (SCR) compared to placebo (b = -0.19, CI = -0.01 to -37, p = 0.042 and b = -0.25, CI = -08 to -0.43, p = 0.005, respectively). A nonsignificant trend for a lower differential CS+/CS- SCR in the DCS group, compared to placebo, (b = -0.25, CI = 0.04 to -0.55, p = 0.089) was observed at retention testing, one week later. A single dose of HC and DCS facilitated fear extinction learning in participants with PTSD symptoms. While clinical implications have yet to be determined, our findings suggest that glucocorticoids and NMDA agonists hold promise for facilitating extinction learning in PTSD.

Published
2022

20. Decolonizing climate change–heritage research

Author

Simpson, Nicholas P., Clarke, Joanne, Orr, Scott Allan, Cundill, Georgina, Orlove, Ben, Fatorić, Sandra, Sabour, Salma, Khalaf, Nadia, Rockman, Marcy, Pinho, Patricia, Maharaj, Shobha S., Mascarenhas, Poonam V., Shepherd, Nick, Sithole, Pindai M., Ngaruiya, Grace Wambui, Roberts, Debra C., and Trisos, Christopher H.

Published
2022
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24. Methodologies for evaluating exposure and response of stone masonry to wind-driven rain

Author

Orr, Scott Allan and Viles, Heather

Subjects
363.6, climate adaptation, building physics, non-destructive testing, heritage conservation
Abstract

Wind-driven rain (WDR) is a main moisture source and weathering factor for monumental and vernacular stone masonry in the UK. To conserve and manage these structures, especially as weather events are predicted to become more intense during the 21st century, methodologies are needed that: (a) characterise environmental WDR exposure, and (b) non-destructively monitor the response of moisture regimes within stone masonry. This thesis aims to address exposure and response between WDR and stone masonry, integrating characterisation and methodological development with an emphasis on data handling and visualisation. Semi-empirical approaches are employed to characterise current and future WDR exposure in the UK to evaluate existing standards and metrics. The use of non-destructive electromagnetic techniques for moisture measurement is explored for comparative advantages when applied for stone masonry. Extreme value analysis (EVA) is used to evaluate severe WDR exposure in the UK at eight sites. While reinforcing established trends (e.g. prevailing wind directions) this research highlighted the impact of wall orientation on the volume of water and consistency within WDR spells and their quantity and duration. The EVA demonstrated that current standards (ISO 15927-3 and BS 8104) underestimate extreme exposure. A combination of UKCP09 Weather Generator output with probabilistic processes demonstrated that existing contrasts between sites will be magnified by predicted climatic changes and become more seasonally polarised, providing an impetus to improve current standards by incorporating extreme value analysis and temporal metrics. A novel, cost- and time-effective method of laboratory gravimetric calibration using 'isolated diffusion' was validated, which produced calibrations of radar and microwave techniques for three UK building stones that matched modelled behaviour. The combined use of microwave and radar techniques in field studies on two stone masonry constructions characterised localised moisture regimes within stone masonry systems (stone units and mortar joints), demonstrating that technique selection is optimised with consideration for material properties and the investigation objective. Innovative data handling and visualisation strategies demonstrated their utility for these scenarios of stone masonry composed of different materials. By developing methodologies for semi-empirical evaluation and non-destructive techniques, as well as characterising environmental and hygric properties/behaviour of stones and stone masonry, this thesis has contributed to both progress in scientific research and practical aspects of heritage conservation in the context of a changing 21st century climate.

Published
2018

44. Mindfulness training and exercise differentially impact fear extinction neurocircuitry.

Author

Leibovitz, Shaked E., Sevinc, Gunes, Greenberg, Jonathan, Hölzel, Britta, Gard, Tim, Calahan, Thomas, Vangel, Mark, Orr, Scott P., Milad, Mohammed R., and Lazar, Sara W.

Subjects
FEAR, REINFORCEMENT (Psychology), EXERCISE, STRESS management, RESEARCH funding, MINDFULNESS, BRAIN, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, COMPARATIVE studies
Abstract

Background: The ability to extinguish a maladaptive conditioned fear response is crucial for healthy emotional processing and resiliency to aversive experiences. Therefore, enhancing fear extinction learning has immense potential emotional and health benefits. Mindfulness training enhances both fear conditioning and recall of extinguished fear; however, its effects on fear extinction learning are unknown. Here we investigated the impact of mindfulness training on brain mechanisms associated with fear-extinction learning, compared to an exercise-based program. Methods: We investigated BOLD activations in response to a previously learned fear-inducing cue during an extinction paradigm, before and after an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR, n = 49) or exercise-based stress management education program (n = 27). Results: The groups exhibited similar reductions in stress, but the MBSR group was uniquely associated with enhanced activation of salience network nodes and increased hippocampal engagement. Conclusions: Our results suggest that mindfulness training increases attention to anticipatory aversive stimuli, which in turn facilitates decreased aversive subjective responses and enhanced reappraisal of the memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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