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Introduccion: Se definen como lesiones ocupantes de espacio que presentan caracteristicas radiologicas de tumores y que se resuelven espontaneamente durante el seguimiento radiologico. La regresion espontanea de tumores es un fenomeno raro, con una tasa de regresion en tumores malignos de 1/60.000 a 100.000 pacientes. Materiales y Metodos: Femenino de 11 anos con polidipsia, poliuria, perdida de peso de 5 kg, ataxia, cefalea, perdida de vision y diabetes insipida. TC con tumor dependiente de quiasma que ocupa la cisterna interpenduncular desplazando el hipotalamo ventralmente. Resultados: Se realizo biopsia excisional mediante abordaje pterional y reseccion microquirurgica, durante el procedimiento transquirurgico se encontro engrasamiento del quiasma y nervios opticos. Se notifico astocitoma pilocitico de grado I de la OMS. En el seguimiento de dos anos con resonancia magnetica cerebral, observamos una regresion completa del tumor. Discusion: La citorreduccion parcial del tumor, biopsia, radioterapia o quimioterapia juegan un papel en el inicio de la apoptosis del tumor. El trauma quirurgico altera favorablemente la actividad biologica del tumor y el estado inmunologico del huesped. Conclusiones: Los mecanismos de regresion espontanea e involucion espontanea del tumor residual despues de la cirugia no se conocen. La apoptosis puede ser el denominador comun, los posibles mecanismos incluyen factores inmunologicos, geneticos y biologicos. Palabras clave: Regresion espontanea, astrocitoma pilocitico, tumores cerebrales, apoptosis. Introduction: They are defined as space-occupying lesions that present radiological characteristics of tumors and that resolve spontaneously during radiological follow-up. Spontaneous regression of tumors is a rare phenomenon, with a regression rate in malignant tumors of 1/60,000 to 100,000 patients. Materials and Methods: An 11-year-old female with polydipsia, polyuria, 5 kg weight loss, ataxia, headache, vision loss, and diabetes insipidus. CT with chiasm-dependent tumor occupying the interpenduncular cistern, displacing the hypothalamus ventrally. Results: An excisional biopsy was performed using a pterional approach, microsurgical resection + ultrasonic aspiration, during the trans-surgical procedure thickening of the chiasm and optic nerves was found. WHO Grade I Pilocytic Astocytoma was reported. In the two-year follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, we observed complete tumor regression. Discussion: Partial cytoreduction of the tumor, biopsy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy play a role in the initiation of tumor apoptosis. Surgical trauma favorably alters the biological activity of the tumor and the immunological status of the host. Conclusions: The mechanisms of spontaneous regression and spontaneous involution of residual tumor after surgery are not known. Apoptosis may be the common denominator, possible mechanisms include immunological, genetic and biological factors. Key words: Spontaneous regression, pilocytic astrocytoma, brain tumors., Introduction They are defined as space-occupying lesions that present radiological characteristics of tumors and that resolve spontaneously during radiological follow-up (7-16). Spontaneous regression of tumors is a rare phenomenon, with [...]

In this paper, I report on research about the experience of a group of English teachers who returned from the violent gang culture of Southern California to Mexico, seeking a means of changing their identities from gang members into productive, educated members of society. On returning to Mexico, the teachers had to negotiate their otherness and differences stemming from the customs and traditions they learned to perceive as normal. They learned to adapt to and blend the culture and values they had in Southern California with those of Mexico, using their English as capital to join a new community of practice, English Teaching. Through teaching they were able to gain cultural capital and bring meaning and purpose to their lives as they adapted and their identities changed through time and space. This paper offers insight into the struggle of transnational youth and how they adapt to different communities. This is especially important in a country like Mexico, where Mexican youth often grow up in the United States and have to come back to Mexico, a country they often do not feel they belong to.

In recent years, Mexico has seen one of the largest increases in suicide rates worldwide, especially among adolescents and young adults. This study uses data from the 1,071 respondents who participated in a two-wave longitudinal study when they were between 12 and 17 years of age, and again when they were between 19 and 26 years of age. The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed suicidal behavior and DSM-IV mental disorders. We used Cox regressions to evaluate which sociodemographic and psychiatric factors and life events predicted the incidence and remission of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt throughout the 8-year span. The 8-year incidence of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt was 13.3%, 4.8%, and 5.9%, respectively. We found that the number of traumatic life events during childhood, no longer being in school, and tobacco use predicted which adolescents developed suicide behaviors as they transitioned into young adulthood. Psychiatric disorders, particularly anxiety disorders, played a larger role in the persistence of those who already had suicidal behaviors, while behavioral disorders played a role in the transition from ideation to attempt. This distinction may be useful for clinicians to assess the risk of suicide.

AimTo assess the effect of involuntary drug treatment (IDT) on non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs (PWID).DesignLongitudinal study.SettingTijuana, Mexico.ParticipantsBaseline sample of 671 PWID included 258 (38.4%) women and 413 (61.6%) men.MeasurementsPrimary independent variables were reported recent (i.e. past 6 months) non-fatal overdose event (dependent variable) and IDT. Substance use the day of the non-fatal overdose was also examined.FindingsFrom 2011 to 2017, 213 participants (31.7%) reported a recent non-fatal overdose and 103 (15.4%) reported recent IDT. Heroin, in combination with methamphetamine and tranquilizers, were the drugs most reported at the day of the event. IDT significantly increased the odds of reporting a non-fatal overdose event [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-2.96]. Odds of non-fatal overdose also increased independently for each additional injection per day (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02-1.08), recent tranquilizer use (aOR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.41-2.61) and using hit doctors (aOR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.29-2.18) and decreased with age (aOR = 0.97 per year, 95% CI = 0.95-0.99).ConclusionsRecent involuntary drug treatment in Mexico is a risk factor for non-fatal drug overdose.

ObjectiveTo report results from a follow-up study of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs on suicidal behavior.MethodWe estimated prospective associations of substance use as a risk factor for incident suicide ideation and attempt, from a follow-up conducted in 2013 (n = 1071) of the original Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey conducted in 2005.ResultsCannabis use before age 15 (ideation risk ratio (RR) = 3.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43-11.03; attempt RR = 5.23; 95% CI = 1.17-23.32), early onset of DSM-IV drug use disorder (DUD) among cannabis users (ideation RR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.11-9.84; attempt RR = 4.14; 95% CI = 1.28-13.36), high frequency of cannabis use (RR for attempts = 4.60; 1.03-20.60) and recent DSM-IV-DUD among cannabis users (RR for attempts = 4.74; 1.09-20.57) increased the RR. For "other drug use", significant results were found among those with high frequency use of other drugs such that they had a higher RR of suicide attempt (5.04; 1.03-24.64). For alcohol, only those who initiated alcohol before age 15 had higher RRs of suicide attempt (1.79; 1.00-3.20).DiscussionThose who used cannabis at an early age, early onset of DSM-IV-DUD, and those with heavy cannabis use and recent DSM-IV-DUD among cannabis users in the last 12-months had increased risk of suicide ideation and attempt. Drugs other than cannabis showed some of these associations, but to a lesser degree. Prevention of substance use and treatment of those already engaged in drug use, by decreasing suicide ideation and attempt, may help to prevent suicide in Mexico.

Copyright of Behavioral Psychology / Psicologia Conductual is the property of Fundacion VECA para el Avance de la Psicologia Clinica Conductual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BackgroundThe Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors study used the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) to quantify the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. This paper provides an overview of injury estimates from the 2013 update of GBD, with detailed information on incidence, mortality, DALYs and rates of change from 1990 to 2013 for 26 causes of injury, globally, by region and by country.MethodsInjury mortality was estimated using the extensive GBD mortality database, corrections for ill-defined cause of death and the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on inpatient and outpatient data sets, 26 cause-of-injury and 47 nature-of-injury categories, and seven follow-up studies with patient-reported long-term outcome measures.ResultsIn 2013, 973 million (uncertainty interval (UI) 942 to 993) people sustained injuries that warranted some type of healthcare and 4.8 million (UI 4.5 to 5.1) people died from injuries. Between 1990 and 2013 the global age-standardised injury DALY rate decreased by 31% (UI 26% to 35%). The rate of decline in DALY rates was significant for 22 cause-of-injury categories, including all the major injuries.ConclusionsInjuries continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world. The decline in rates for almost all injuries is so prominent that it warrants a general statement that the world is becoming a safer place to live in. However, the patterns vary widely by cause, age, sex, region and time and there are still large improvements that need to be made.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of populations around the world, but few longitudinal studies of its impact on suicidal thoughts and behaviors have been published especially from low- and middle-income countries. This is a prospective cohort study of 1,385 first-year students from 5 Universities in Mexico followed-up for 1 year. We report 1-year cumulative incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors before (September 19, 2019–March 29, 2020) and during the COVID-19 period (March 30, 2020–June 30, 2020), focusing on those in the COVID-19 period with risk conditions and positive coping strategies during the pandemic. There was an increase in the incidence of suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 period compared to the pre-COVID-19 period (RR 1.65, 95%CI 1.08–2.50). This increase was mostly found among students with heightened sense of vulnerability (RR 1.95), any poor coping behavior (RR 2.40) and a prior mental disorder (RR 2.41). While we found no evidence of an increased risk of suicidal planning or attempts, there was evidence that those without lifetime mental health disorders were at greater risk of suicidal plans than those with these disorders especially if they had poor coping strategies (RR 3.14). In the short term, how students deal with the pandemic, being at high risk and having poor coping behavior, increased the new occurrence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Studies with longer follow-up and interventions to reduce or enhance these behaviors are needed. Suicidal ideation increased during the COVID-19 period Those with heightened sense of vulnerability and poor coping were more affected Studies with longer follow-up are needed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)