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9. The effect of climate change on avian offspring production:a global meta-analysis

Author

Halupka, L. (Lucyna), Arlt, D. (Debora), Tolvanen, J. (Jere), Millon, A. (Alexandre), Bize, P. (Pierre), Adamik, P. (Peter), Albert, P. (Pascal), Arendt, W. J. (Wayne J.), V. Artemyev, A. (Alexander), Baglione, V. (Vittorio), Banbura, J. (Jerzy), Banbura, M. (Miroslawa), Barba, E. (Emilio), Barrett, R. T. (Robert T.), Becker, P. H. (Peter H.), Belskii, E. (Eugen), Bolton, M. (Mark), Bowers, E. K. (E. Keith), Bried, J. (Joel), Brouwer, L. (Lyanne), Bukacinska, M. (Monika), Bukacinski, D. (Dariusz), Bulluck, L. (Lesley), Carstens, K. F. (Kate F.), Catry, I. (Ines), Charter, M. (Motti), Chernomorets, A. (Anna), Covas, R. (Rita), Czuchra, M. (Monika), Dearborn, D. C. (Donald C.), de Lope, F. (Florentino), Di Giacomo, A. S. (Adrian S.), Dombrovski, V. C. (Valery C.), Drummond, H. (Hugh), Dunn, M. J. (Michael J.), Eeva, T. (Tapio), Emmerson, L. M. (Louise M.), Espmark, Y. (Yngve), Fargallo, J. A. (Juan A.), Gashkov, S. I. (Sergey I.), Golubova, E. Y. (Elena Yu.), Griesser, M. (Michael), Harris, M. P. (Michael P.), Hoover, J. P. (Jeffrey P.), Jagielio, Z. (Zuzanna), Korell, P. (Patrik), Kloskowski, J. (Janusz), Koenig, W. D. (Walter D.), Kolunen, H. (Heikki), Korczak-Abshire, M. (Magorzata), Korpimaeki, E. (Erkki), Krams, I. (Indrikis), Krist, M. (Milos), Kruger, S. C. (Sonja C.), Kuranov, B. D. (Boris D.), Lambin, X. (Xavier), Lombardo, M. P. (Michael P.), Lyakhov, A. (Andrey), Marzal, A. (Alfonso), Moller, A. P. (Anders P.), Neves, V. C. (Veronica C.), Nielsen, J. T. (Jan Tottrup), Numerov, A. (Alexander), Orlowska, B. (Beata), Oro, D. (Daniel), oest, M. (Markus), Phillips, R. A. (Richard A.), Pietiaeinen, H. (Hannu), Polo, V. (Vicente), Porkert, J. (Jiri), Potti, J. (Jaime), Poeysae, H. (Hannu), Printemps, T. (Thierry), Prop, J. (Jouke), Quillfeldt, P. (Petra), Ramos, J. A. (Jaime A.), Ravussin, P.-A. (Pierre-Alain), Rosenfield, R. N. (Robert N.), Roulin, A. (Alexandre), Rubenstein, D. R. (Dustin R.), Samusenko, I. E. (Irina E.), Saunders, D. A. (Denis A.), Schaub, M. (Michael), Senar, J. C. (Juan C.), Sergio, F. (Fabrizio), Solonen, T. (Tapio), V. Solovyeva, D. (Diana), Stepniewski, J. (Janusz), Thompson, P. M. (Paul M.), Tobolka, M. (Marcin), Toeroek, J. (Janos), van de Pol, M. (Martijn), Vernooij, L. (Louis), Visser, M. E. (Marcel E.), Westneat, D. F. (David F.), Wheelwright, N. T. (Nathaniel T.), Wiacek, J. (Jaroslaw), Wiebe, K. L. (Karen L.), Wood, A. G. (Andrew G.), Wuczynski, A. (Andrzej), Wysocki, D. (Dariusz), Zarybnicka, M. (Marketa), Margalida, A. (Antoni), Halupka, K. (Konrad), Halupka, L. (Lucyna), Arlt, D. (Debora), Tolvanen, J. (Jere), Millon, A. (Alexandre), Bize, P. (Pierre), Adamik, P. (Peter), Albert, P. (Pascal), Arendt, W. J. (Wayne J.), V. Artemyev, A. (Alexander), Baglione, V. (Vittorio), Banbura, J. (Jerzy), Banbura, M. (Miroslawa), Barba, E. (Emilio), Barrett, R. T. (Robert T.), Becker, P. H. (Peter H.), Belskii, E. (Eugen), Bolton, M. (Mark), Bowers, E. K. (E. Keith), Bried, J. (Joel), Brouwer, L. (Lyanne), Bukacinska, M. (Monika), Bukacinski, D. (Dariusz), Bulluck, L. (Lesley), Carstens, K. F. (Kate F.), Catry, I. (Ines), Charter, M. (Motti), Chernomorets, A. (Anna), Covas, R. (Rita), Czuchra, M. (Monika), Dearborn, D. C. (Donald C.), de Lope, F. (Florentino), Di Giacomo, A. S. (Adrian S.), Dombrovski, V. C. (Valery C.), Drummond, H. (Hugh), Dunn, M. J. (Michael J.), Eeva, T. (Tapio), Emmerson, L. M. (Louise M.), Espmark, Y. (Yngve), Fargallo, J. A. (Juan A.), Gashkov, S. I. (Sergey I.), Golubova, E. Y. (Elena Yu.), Griesser, M. (Michael), Harris, M. P. (Michael P.), Hoover, J. P. (Jeffrey P.), Jagielio, Z. (Zuzanna), Korell, P. (Patrik), Kloskowski, J. (Janusz), Koenig, W. D. (Walter D.), Kolunen, H. (Heikki), Korczak-Abshire, M. (Magorzata), Korpimaeki, E. (Erkki), Krams, I. (Indrikis), Krist, M. (Milos), Kruger, S. C. (Sonja C.), Kuranov, B. D. (Boris D.), Lambin, X. (Xavier), Lombardo, M. P. (Michael P.), Lyakhov, A. (Andrey), Marzal, A. (Alfonso), Moller, A. P. (Anders P.), Neves, V. C. (Veronica C.), Nielsen, J. T. (Jan Tottrup), Numerov, A. (Alexander), Orlowska, B. (Beata), Oro, D. (Daniel), oest, M. (Markus), Phillips, R. A. (Richard A.), Pietiaeinen, H. (Hannu), Polo, V. (Vicente), Porkert, J. (Jiri), Potti, J. (Jaime), Poeysae, H. (Hannu), Printemps, T. (Thierry), Prop, J. (Jouke), Quillfeldt, P. (Petra), Ramos, J. A. (Jaime A.), Ravussin, P.-A. (Pierre-Alain), Rosenfield, R. N. (Robert N.), Roulin, A. (Alexandre), Rubenstein, D. R. (Dustin R.), Samusenko, I. E. (Irina E.), Saunders, D. A. (Denis A.), Schaub, M. (Michael), Senar, J. C. (Juan C.), Sergio, F. (Fabrizio), Solonen, T. (Tapio), V. Solovyeva, D. (Diana), Stepniewski, J. (Janusz), Thompson, P. M. (Paul M.), Tobolka, M. (Marcin), Toeroek, J. (Janos), van de Pol, M. (Martijn), Vernooij, L. (Louis), Visser, M. E. (Marcel E.), Westneat, D. F. (David F.), Wheelwright, N. T. (Nathaniel T.), Wiacek, J. (Jaroslaw), Wiebe, K. L. (Karen L.), Wood, A. G. (Andrew G.), Wuczynski, A. (Andrzej), Wysocki, D. (Dariusz), Zarybnicka, M. (Marketa), Margalida, A. (Antoni), and Halupka, K. (Konrad)

Abstract

Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few stud-ies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, but considerable differences were found among species and populations. A total of 56.7% of populations showed a declining trend in offspring production (significant in 17.4%), whereas 43.3% exhibited an increase (significant in 10.4%). The results show that climatic changes affect offspring production through compounded effects on ecological and life history traits of species. Migratory and larger-bodied species experienced reduced offspring production with increasing temperatures during the chick-rearing period, whereas smaller-bodied, sedentary species tended to produce more offspring. Likewise, multi-brooded species showed increased breeding success with increasing temperatures, whereas rising temperatures were unrelated to repro-ductive success in single-brooded species. Our study suggests that rapid declines in size of bird populations reported by many studies from different parts of the world are driven only to a small degree by changes in the production of young.

Published
2023

10. Defining ecological buffer mechanisms should consider diverse approaches

Author

Milles, Alexander, Bielcik, M., Banitz, Thomas, Gallagher, C.A., Jeltsch, F., Jepsen, J.U., Oro, D., Radchuk, V., Grimm, Volker, Milles, Alexander, Bielcik, M., Banitz, Thomas, Gallagher, C.A., Jeltsch, F., Jepsen, J.U., Oro, D., Radchuk, V., and Grimm, Volker

Abstract

no abstract

Published
2023

11. Local buffer mechanisms for population persistence

Author

Milles, Alexander, Banitz, Thomas, Bielcik, M., Frank, Karin, Gallagher, C.A., Jeltsch, F., Jepsen, J.U., Oro, D., Radchuk, V., Grimm, Volker, Milles, Alexander, Banitz, Thomas, Bielcik, M., Frank, Karin, Gallagher, C.A., Jeltsch, F., Jepsen, J.U., Oro, D., Radchuk, V., and Grimm, Volker

Abstract

Assessing and predicting the persistence of populations is essential for the conservation and control of species. Here, we argue that local mechanisms require a better conceptual synthesis to facilitate a more holistic consideration along with regional mechanisms known from metapopulation theory. We summarise the evidence for local buffer mechanisms along with their capacities and emphasise the need to include multiple buffer mechanisms in studies of population persistence. We propose an accessible framework for local buffer mechanisms that distinguishes between damping (reducing fluctuations in population size) and repelling (reducing population declines) mechanisms. We highlight opportunities for empirical and modelling studies to investigate the interactions and capacities of buffer mechanisms to facilitate better ecological understanding in times of ecological upheaval.

Published
2023

14. Use of wild–caught individuals as a key factor for success in vertebrate translocations

Author

Rummel, L., Martínez–Abraín, A., Mayol, J., Ruiz–Olmo, J., Mañas, F., Jiménez, J., Gómez, J. A., and Oro, D.

Subjects
Translocation success, Vertebrates, Origin of individuals, Reintroduction effort, Captive–breeding, Cost of release, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Success of vertebrate translocations is crucial to improve efficacy and efficiency of conservation actions but it is often difficult to assess because negative results (failed translocations) are seldom published. We developed surveys and sent them to heads of conservation services in three major Spanish Mediterranean regions. The purpose of our surveys was to determine which methodological factor, that could easily be implemented in practice, was more influential for translocation success. These factors included the origin of translocated individuals (captive or wild) and translocation effort (propagule size and program duration). After analyzing 83 programs, corresponding to 34 different vertebrate species, by means of generalized linear mixed modelling, we found that ‘origin’ was more relevant for translocation success than ‘effort’, although we could not rule out some role of translocation effort. Variance in success of translocation programs involving individuals from wild sources was smaller and consequently results more predictable. Origin interacted with taxa so that success was higher when using wild birds and especially wild fish and mammals, but not when releasing reptiles. Hence, we suggest that, for any given effort, translocation results will be better for most vertebrate taxa if individuals from wild sources are used. When this is not feasible, managers should release captive–reared individuals for a long number of years rather than a short number of years.

Published
2016

16. New Developments in Proton Radiography at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE)

Author

Morris, C. L., Brown, E. N., Agee, C., Bernert, T., Bourke, M. A. M., Burkett, M. W., Buttler, W. T., Byler, D. D., Chen, C. F., Clarke, A. J., Cooley, J. C., Gibbs, P. J., Imhoff, S. D., Jones, R., Kwiatkowski, K., Mariam, F. G., Merrill, F. E., Murray, M. M., Olinger, C. T., Oro, D. M., Nedrow, P., Saunders, A., Terrones, G., Trouw, F., Tupa, D., Vogan, W., Winkler, B., Wang, Z., and Zellner, M. B.

Published
2016
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24. Long-term changes of species richness in a breeding bird community of a small Mediterranean archipelago

Author

Martínez-Abraín, A., Oro, D., Belenguer, R., Ferrís, V., and Velasco, V.

Subjects
Colonization, Extinction, Diversity, Columbretes Archipelago, Conservation, Metapopulation, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

We analyzed the pattern of species richness changes in a bird–breeding bird community on a small western Mediterranean archipelago (Columbretes Islands) over a 40–year period (1964–2003). The aim of this study was to qualitatively account for the relative roles of local and regional factors in shaping the community. As expected, we found that regional factors (at the metapopulation spatial scale) increased diversity whereas local factors (i.e. ecological) probably prevented further increases in diversity. We found that the archipelago gained four new species (two seabirds and two falconids) during the study period, whereas no extinctions were recorded. The community seems partially or completely closed to some groups of species (e.g. small–sized birds such as passerines and storm–petrels), probably owing to predatory exclusion by Eleonora falcons (Falco eleonorae). As newly arrived species have breeding calendars that do not fully overlap with those of resident species, competition for space in a rather saturated area is prevented. Preservation of rare species which increase gamma (regional) diversity rather than alpha diversity with common species should be the main local conservation goal.

Published
2005

26. Is growing tourist activity affecting the distribution or number of breeding pairs in a small colony of the Eleonora’s Falcon?

Author

Martínez-Abrain, A., Oro, D., Ferris, V., and Belenguer, R.

Subjects
Eleonora's Falcon, Human disturbance, Navigation tourism, Columbretes, Conservation, western Mediterranean, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Human disturbance is a common threat for species of conservation concern such as the Eleonora’s Falcon. This paper shows that the rise in tourist presence from 1992 to 2000 has not affected the overall number of breeding pairs or their productivity in a small archipelago of the western Mediterranean (Columbretes Islands). However, the increasing tourist activity has coincided with a shift in the degree of occupancy on two islands within the archipelago, favouring that with a lower human presence close to colonies. Several conservation actions are reported and suggested, aimed at both testing and preventing the role of human presence as a factor influencing long-term colony persistence and growth.

Published
2002

27. Rheology studies of aluminum with the use of explosive magnetic generators

Author

Vasyukov, V. A., Glybin, A. M., Duday, P. V., Dudin, V. I., Zimenkov, A. A., Ivanov, V. A., Ivanovskiy, A. V., Kraev, A. I., Kuzyaev, A. I., Nadezhin, S. S., Petrukhin, A. A., Skobelev, A. N., Tyupanova, O. A., Atchison, W. L., Griego, J. R., Holtkamp, D. B., Kaul, A. M., Reinovsky, R. E., Rodriguez, G., Tabaka, L. J., Rousculp, C. L., Stone, J. B., Oro, D. M., Salazar, M., Payton, J. R., and Westley, D. T.

Published
2013
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28. Deep Learning Shows Cellular Senescence Is a Barrier to Cancer Development

Author

Indra Heckenbach, Oro D, Ben Ezra M, Eric Verdin, Malte H. Nielsen, Garik Mkrtchyan, Jonas Stenløkke Madsen, Laust Hvas Mortensen, Morten Scheibye-Knudsen, and Rudi G. J. Westendorp

Subjects
Premature aging, Senescence, Human health, medicine, Cancer research, Cellular senescence, Cancer, Cancer development, Murine liver, Biology, medicine.disease, In vitro
Abstract

Cellular senescence is a critical component of aging and many age-related diseases, but understanding its role in human health is challenging in part due to the lack of exclusive or universal markers. Using neural networks, we achieve high accuracy in predicting senescence state and type from the nuclear morphology of DAPI-stained human fibroblasts, murine astrocytes and fibroblasts derived from premature aging diseases in vitro. After generalizing this approach, the predictor recognizes an increasing rate of senescent cells with age in H&E-stained murine liver tissue and human dermal biopsies. Evaluating corresponding medical records reveals that individuals with increased senescent cells have a significantly decreased rate of malignant neoplasms, lending support for the protective role of senescence in limiting cancer development. In sum, we introduce a novel predictor of cellular senescence and apply it to diagnostic medical images, indicating cancer occurs more frequently for those with a lower rate of senescence.

Published
2021
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30. Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe

Author

Pilotto, F., Kühn, I., Adrian, R., Alber, R., Alignier, A., Andrews, C., Bäck, J., Barbaro, L., Beaumont, D., Beenaerts, N., Benham, S., Boukal, D.S., Bretagnolle, V., Camatti, E., Canullo, R., Cardoso, P.G., Ens, B.J., Everaert, G., Evtimova, V., Feuchtmayr, H., García-González, R., Gómez García, D., Grandin, U., Gutowski, J.M., Hadar, L., Halada, L., Halassy, M., Hummel, H., Huttunen, K.-L., Jaroszewicz, B., Jensen, T.C., Kalivoda, H., Schmidt, I.K., Kröncke, I., Leinonen, R., Martinho, F., Meesenburg, H., Meyer, J., Minerbi, S., Monteith, D., Nikolov, B.P., Oro, D., Ozolinš, D., Padedda, B.M., Pallett, D., Pansera, M., Pardal, M.A., Petriccione, B., Pipan, T., Pöyry, J., Schäfer, S.M., Schaub, M., Schneider, S.C., Skuja, A., Soetaert, K., Springe, G., Stanchev, R., Stockan, J.A., Stoll, S., Sundqvist, L., Thimonier, A., Van Hoey, G., Van Ryckegem, G., Visser, M.E., Vorhauser, S., Haase, P., Pilotto, F., Kühn, I., Adrian, R., Alber, R., Alignier, A., Andrews, C., Bäck, J., Barbaro, L., Beaumont, D., Beenaerts, N., Benham, S., Boukal, D.S., Bretagnolle, V., Camatti, E., Canullo, R., Cardoso, P.G., Ens, B.J., Everaert, G., Evtimova, V., Feuchtmayr, H., García-González, R., Gómez García, D., Grandin, U., Gutowski, J.M., Hadar, L., Halada, L., Halassy, M., Hummel, H., Huttunen, K.-L., Jaroszewicz, B., Jensen, T.C., Kalivoda, H., Schmidt, I.K., Kröncke, I., Leinonen, R., Martinho, F., Meesenburg, H., Meyer, J., Minerbi, S., Monteith, D., Nikolov, B.P., Oro, D., Ozolinš, D., Padedda, B.M., Pallett, D., Pansera, M., Pardal, M.A., Petriccione, B., Pipan, T., Pöyry, J., Schäfer, S.M., Schaub, M., Schneider, S.C., Skuja, A., Soetaert, K., Springe, G., Stanchev, R., Stockan, J.A., Stoll, S., Sundqvist, L., Thimonier, A., Van Hoey, G., Van Ryckegem, G., Visser, M.E., Vorhauser, S., and Haase, P.

Abstract

Local biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract global change. We analyze 161 long-term biological time series (15–91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising ~6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. We test whether (i) local long-term biodiversity trends are consistent among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, and (ii) changes in biodiversity correlate with regional climate and local conditions. Our results reveal that local trends of abundance, richness and diversity differ among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, demonstrating that biodiversity changes at local scale are often complex and cannot be easily generalized. However, we find increases in richness and abundance with increasing temperature and naturalness as well as a clear spatial pattern in changes in community composition (i.e. temporal taxonomic turnover) in most biogeoregions of Northern and Eastern Europe.

Published
2020

31. Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe

Author

Pilotto, F. (Francesca), Kuehn, I. (Ingolf), Adrian, R. (Rita), Alber, R. (Renate), Alignier, A. (Audrey), Andrews, C. (Christopher), Baeck, J. (Jaana), Barbaro, L. (Luc), Beaumont, D. (Deborah), Beenaerts, N. (Natalie), Benham, S. (Sue), Boukal, D. S. (David S.), Bretagnolle, V. (Vincent), Camatti, E. (Elisa), Canullo, R. (Roberto), Cardoso, P. G. (Patricia G.), Ens, B. J. (Bruno J.), Everaert, G. (Gert), Evtimova, V. (Vesela), Feuchtmayr, H. (Heidrun), Garcia-Gonzalez, R. (Ricardo), Gomez Garcia, D. (Daniel), Grandin, U. (Ulf), Gutowski, J. M. (Jerzy M.), Hadar, L. (Liat), Halada, L. (Lubos), Halassy, M. (Melinda), Hummel, H. (Herman), Huttunen, K.-L. (Kaisa-Leena), Jaroszewicz, B. (Bogdan), Jensen, T. C. (Thomas C.), Kalivoda, H. (Henrik), Schmidt, I. K. (Inger Kappel), Kroencke, I. (Ingrid), Leinonen, R. (Reima), Martinho, F. (Filipe), Meesenburg, H. (Henning), Meyer, J. (Julia), Minerbi, S. (Stefano), Monteith, D. (Don), Nikolov, B. P. (Boris P.), Oro, D. (Daniel), Ozolins, D. (Davis), Padedda, B. M. (Bachisio M.), Pallett, D. (Denise), Pansera, M. (Marco), Pardal, M. A. (Miguel Angelo), Petriccione, B. (Bruno), Pipan, T. (Tanja), Poeyry, J. (Juha), Schaefer, S. M. (Stefanie M.), Schaub, M. (Marcus), Schneider, S. C. (Susanne C.), Skuja, A. (Agnija), Soetaert, K. (Karline), Springe, G. (Gunta), Stanchev, R. (Radoslav), Stockan, J. A. (Jenni A.), Stoll, S. (Stefan), Sundqvist, L. (Lisa), Thimonier, A. (Anne), Van Hoey, G. (Gert), Van Ryckegem, G. (Gunther), Visser, M. E. (Marcel E.), Vorhauser, S. (Samuel), Haase, P. (Peter), Pilotto, F. (Francesca), Kuehn, I. (Ingolf), Adrian, R. (Rita), Alber, R. (Renate), Alignier, A. (Audrey), Andrews, C. (Christopher), Baeck, J. (Jaana), Barbaro, L. (Luc), Beaumont, D. (Deborah), Beenaerts, N. (Natalie), Benham, S. (Sue), Boukal, D. S. (David S.), Bretagnolle, V. (Vincent), Camatti, E. (Elisa), Canullo, R. (Roberto), Cardoso, P. G. (Patricia G.), Ens, B. J. (Bruno J.), Everaert, G. (Gert), Evtimova, V. (Vesela), Feuchtmayr, H. (Heidrun), Garcia-Gonzalez, R. (Ricardo), Gomez Garcia, D. (Daniel), Grandin, U. (Ulf), Gutowski, J. M. (Jerzy M.), Hadar, L. (Liat), Halada, L. (Lubos), Halassy, M. (Melinda), Hummel, H. (Herman), Huttunen, K.-L. (Kaisa-Leena), Jaroszewicz, B. (Bogdan), Jensen, T. C. (Thomas C.), Kalivoda, H. (Henrik), Schmidt, I. K. (Inger Kappel), Kroencke, I. (Ingrid), Leinonen, R. (Reima), Martinho, F. (Filipe), Meesenburg, H. (Henning), Meyer, J. (Julia), Minerbi, S. (Stefano), Monteith, D. (Don), Nikolov, B. P. (Boris P.), Oro, D. (Daniel), Ozolins, D. (Davis), Padedda, B. M. (Bachisio M.), Pallett, D. (Denise), Pansera, M. (Marco), Pardal, M. A. (Miguel Angelo), Petriccione, B. (Bruno), Pipan, T. (Tanja), Poeyry, J. (Juha), Schaefer, S. M. (Stefanie M.), Schaub, M. (Marcus), Schneider, S. C. (Susanne C.), Skuja, A. (Agnija), Soetaert, K. (Karline), Springe, G. (Gunta), Stanchev, R. (Radoslav), Stockan, J. A. (Jenni A.), Stoll, S. (Stefan), Sundqvist, L. (Lisa), Thimonier, A. (Anne), Van Hoey, G. (Gert), Van Ryckegem, G. (Gunther), Visser, M. E. (Marcel E.), Vorhauser, S. (Samuel), and Haase, P. (Peter)

Abstract

Local biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract global change. We analyze 161 long-term biological time series (15–91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising ~6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. We test whether (i) local long-term biodiversity trends are consistent among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, and (ii) changes in biodiversity correlate with regional climate and local conditions. Our results reveal that local trends of abundance, richness and diversity differ among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, demonstrating that biodiversity changes at local scale are often complex and cannot be easily generalized. However, we find increases in richness and abundance with increasing temperature and naturalness as well as a clear spatial pattern in changes in community composition (i.e. temporal taxonomic turnover) in most biogeoregions of Northern and Eastern Europe.

Published
2020

32. Quantitative Visualization of High-Rate Material Response with Dynamic Proton Radiography

Author

Brown, E. N., primary, Olson, R. T., additional, Gray, G. T., additional, Buttler, W. T., additional, Oro, D. M., additional, Zellner, M. B., additional, Dandekar, D. P., additional, King, N. S. P., additional, Kwiatkowski, K. K., additional, Mariam, F. G., additional, Marr-Lyon, M., additional, Merrill, F. E., additional, Morris, C., additional, Tupa, D., additional, Saunders, A., additional, and Vogan, W., additional

Published
2013
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36. Initial electron-beam results from the DARHT-II linear induction accelerator

Author

Ekdahl, Carl, Abeyta, E.O., Bender, H., Broste, W., Carlson, C., Caudill, L., Chan, K.C.D., Chen, Y.J., Dalmas, D., Durtschi, G., Eversole, S., Eylon, S., Fawley, W., Frayer, D., Gallegos, R., Harrison, J., Henestroza, E., Holzscheiter, M., Houck, T., Hughes, T., Humphries, S., Johnson, D., Johnson, J., Jones, K., Jacquez, E., McCuistian, B. Trent, Meidinger, A., Montoya, N., Mostrom, C., Moy, K., Nielsen, K., Oro, D., Rodriguez, L., Rodriguez, P., Sanchez, M., Schauer, M., Simmons, D., Smith, H.V., Studebaker, J., Sturgess, R., Sullivan, G., Swinney, C., Temple, R., Tom, C.Y., and Yu, S.S.

Subjects
Particle beams -- Research, Plasma physics -- Research, Business, Chemistry, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The DARHT-II linear-induction accelerator has been successfully operated at 1.2-1.3 kA and 12.5-12.7 MeV to demonstrate the production and acceleration of an electron beam. Beam pulse lengths for these experiments were varied from 0.5 [micro]s to 1.2 [micro]s full-width half-maximum. A low-frequency inductance-capacitance (LC) oscillation of diode voltage and current resulted in an oscillation of the beam position through interaction with an accidental (static) magnetic dipole in the diode region. There was no growth in the amplitude of this oscillation after propagating more than 44 m through the accelerator, and there was no loss of beam current that could be measured. The results of these initial experiments are presented in this paper. Index Terms--Accelerator, accelerator measurement systems, induction accelerators, particle beams, stability.

Published
2005

39. Design, fabrication, and operation of a high-energy liner implosion experiment at 16 megamperes

Author

Turchi, Peter J., Alvey, K., Adams, C., Anderson, B., Anderson, H.D., Anderson, Wallace E., Armijo, E., Atchison, W.L., Bartos, J., Bowers, Richard L., Cameron, B., Cavazos, T., Coffey, S., Corrow, R., Degnan, James H., Echave, J., Froggett, B., Gale, D., Garcia, F., Guzik, Joyce A., Henneke, B., Kanzleiter, Randall J., Kiuttu, G., Lebeda, C., Olson, Russell T., Oro, D., Parker, J.V., Peterkin, Robert E., Jr., Peterson, K., Pritchett, R., Randolph, R.B., Reinovsky, Robert E., Roberts, J., Rodriguez, G., Sandoval, D., Sandoval, G., Salazar, M.A., Sommars, W., Steckle, W., Stokes, John L., Studebaker, J., Tabaka, L., and Taylor, A.J.

Subjects
Radiography -- Image quality, Business, Chemistry, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

We discuss the design, fabrication, and operation of a liner implosion system at peak currents of 16 MA. Liners of 1100 aluminum, with initial length, radius, and thickness of 4 cm, 5 cm, and 1 mm, respectively, implode under the action of an axial current, rising in 8 [micro]s. Fields on conductor surfaces exceed 0.6 MG. Design and fabrication issues that were successfully addressed include: Pulsed Power--especially current joints at high magnetic fields and the possibility of electrical breakdown at connection of liner cassette insulator to bank insulation; Liner Physics--including the angle needed to maintain current contact between liner and glide-plane/electrode without jetting or buckling; Diagnostics--X-radiography through cassette insulator and outer conductor without shrapnel damage to film. Index Terms--Diagnostics, implosions, liners, megampere.

Published
2002

40. Compaction model validation under non-planar shock wave loading conditions

Author

Voorhees, T. J., primary, Freeman, M. S., additional, Rousculp, C. L., additional, Fredenburg, D. A., additional, Carney, T. C., additional, Bradley, J. T., additional, Donovan, P. M., additional, Fierro, F., additional, Griego, J. R., additional, Lamar, J. C., additional, Mariam, F. G., additional, Neukirch, L. P., additional, Oro, D. M., additional, Patten, A. R., additional, Randolph, R. B., additional, Reass, W. A., additional, Reinovsky, R. E., additional, Saunders, A., additional, Sjue, S. K., additional, Tang, Z., additional, and Turchi, P. J., additional

Published
2020
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44. Damage growth and recollection in aluminum under axisymmetric convergence using a helical flux compression generator.

Author

Kaul, A. M., Ivanovsky, A. V., Atchison, W. L., Petrukhin, A. A., Duday, P. V., Griego, J. R., Salazar, M., Nadezhin, S. S., Tyupanova, O. A., Oro, D. M., Holtkamp, D. B., Rodriguez, G., Tabaka, L. J., Kraev, A. I., Skobelev, A. N., Westley, D. T., Anderson, B. G., Ivanov, V. A., Glybin, A. M., and Kuzyaev, A. I.

Subjects
ALUMINUM, MAGNETIC flux compression generators, DYNAMIC loads, MATERIALS, PHYSICS research
Abstract

Damage initiation and evolution, failure, and recollection processes under axisymmetric convergence were studied in the Russian-Damage experimental series, a joint effort between the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the All-Russian Institute of Experimental Physics. A helical explosive magnetic generator was used to drive a cylindrical liner shell to produce shock wave loading of a concentric cylindrical target shell. Shock wave amplitude was controlled by the liner-to-target spacing and by the magnetic field amplitude. Variation of the current pulse duration produced either a single impact, to study damage initiation through failure, or a double impact, to study failure with recollection. Both full and partial recollection of the main crack was obtained. By fielding high-precision diagnostics to measure the dynamic drive conditions and material response and by employing post-shot metallographic analysis, this project produced well-characterized experimental data across a range of damage and recollection levels for the chosen material, aluminum. We present selected experimental results to illustrate the methodology and utility of this experimental technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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45. Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds

Author

Keogan, K., Daunt, F., Wanless, S., Phillips, R.A., Walling, C.A., Agnew, P., Ainley, D.G., Anker-Nilssen, T., Ballard, G., Barrett, R.T., Barton, K.J., Bech, C., Becker, P.H., Berglund, P.-A., Bollache, L., Bond, A.L., Bouwhuis, S., Bradley, R.W., Burr, Z.M., Camphuysen, C.J., Catry, P., Chiaradia, A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Cuthbert, R., Dehnhard, N., Déscamps, S., Diamond, T., Divoky, G., Drummond, H., Dugger, K.M., Dunn, M.J., Emmerson, L., Erikstad, K.E., Fort, J., Fraser, W.R., Genovart, M., Gilg, O., González-Solis, J., Granadeiro, J.P., Gremillet, D., Hansen, J., Hanssen, S.A., Harris, M., Hedd, A., Hinke, J., Igual, J.M., Jahncke, J., Jones, I., Kappes, P.J., Lang, J., Langset, M., Lescroël, A., Lorentsen, S.-H., Lyver, P.O., Mallory, M., Moe, B., Montevecchi, W.A., Monticelli, D., Mostello, C., Newell, M., Nicholson, L., Nisbet, I., Olsson, O., Oro, D., Pattison, V., Poisbleau, M., Pyk, T., Quintana, F., Ramos, J.A., Ramos, R., Reiertsen, T.K., Rodríguez, C., Ryan, P., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Schmidt, N.M., Shannon, P., Sittler, B., Southwell, C., Surman, C., Svagelj, W.S., Trivelpiece, W.Z., Warzybok, P., Watanuki, Y., Weimerskirch, H., Wilson, P.R., Wood, A.G., Phillimore, A.B., Lewis, S., Keogan, K., Daunt, F., Wanless, S., Phillips, R.A., Walling, C.A., Agnew, P., Ainley, D.G., Anker-Nilssen, T., Ballard, G., Barrett, R.T., Barton, K.J., Bech, C., Becker, P.H., Berglund, P.-A., Bollache, L., Bond, A.L., Bouwhuis, S., Bradley, R.W., Burr, Z.M., Camphuysen, C.J., Catry, P., Chiaradia, A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Cuthbert, R., Dehnhard, N., Déscamps, S., Diamond, T., Divoky, G., Drummond, H., Dugger, K.M., Dunn, M.J., Emmerson, L., Erikstad, K.E., Fort, J., Fraser, W.R., Genovart, M., Gilg, O., González-Solis, J., Granadeiro, J.P., Gremillet, D., Hansen, J., Hanssen, S.A., Harris, M., Hedd, A., Hinke, J., Igual, J.M., Jahncke, J., Jones, I., Kappes, P.J., Lang, J., Langset, M., Lescroël, A., Lorentsen, S.-H., Lyver, P.O., Mallory, M., Moe, B., Montevecchi, W.A., Monticelli, D., Mostello, C., Newell, M., Nicholson, L., Nisbet, I., Olsson, O., Oro, D., Pattison, V., Poisbleau, M., Pyk, T., Quintana, F., Ramos, J.A., Ramos, R., Reiertsen, T.K., Rodríguez, C., Ryan, P., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Schmidt, N.M., Shannon, P., Sittler, B., Southwell, C., Surman, C., Svagelj, W.S., Trivelpiece, W.Z., Warzybok, P., Watanuki, Y., Weimerskirch, H., Wilson, P.R., Wood, A.G., Phillimore, A.B., and Lewis, S.

Abstract

Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity, and is often sensitive to climatic conditions. Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey. This is of particular concern for higher-trophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers. However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction. Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (−0.020 days yr−1) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (−0.272 days °C−1) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources.

Published
2018

46. Cylindrical Driven Shocks in Ceria

Author

Freeman, M. S., primary, Rousculp, C. L., additional, Fredenburg, D. A., additional, Bradley, J. T., additional, Donovan, P. M., additional, Dunwoody, J. T., additional, Fierro, F., additional, Griego, J. R., additional, Lamar, J. C., additional, Mariam, F. G., additional, Neukirch, L. P., additional, Oro, D. M., additional, Patten, A. R., additional, Randolph, R. B., additional, Reass, W. A., additional, Reinovsky, R. E., additional, Saunders, A., additional, Sjue, S. K., additional, Tang, Z., additional, Turchi, P. J., additional, and Voorhees, T. J., additional

Published
2018
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49. Estimating the cumulative effects of the nature-based tourism in a coastal dolphin population from southern Kenya

Author

Pérez-Jorge, S., Louzao, M., Oro, D., Pereira, T., Corne, C., Wijtten, Z., Gomes, I., Wambua, J., Christiansen, F., Pérez-Jorge, S., Louzao, M., Oro, D., Pereira, T., Corne, C., Wijtten, Z., Gomes, I., Wambua, J., and Christiansen, F.

Abstract

Due to the growth of nature-based tourism worldwide, behavioural studies are needed to assess the impact of this industry on wildlife populations and understand their short-term effect. Tourism impact on dolphin populations remain poorly documented in developing countries. This study investigates the effects of nature-based tourism on the behaviour of the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in southern Kenya. We used Markov chain models to estimate transition probabilities between behavioural states in the presence and absence of tourist boats, and assess the overall behavioural budgets. Based on these data and the tourism intensity in the area, we quantified the potential tourist boat disturbance over the period 2006-2013. Our results demonstrated that tourist boat interactions affected dolphins' behavioural budgets, with a significant decrease in the overall amount of time travelling and an increase in diving. The average duration of travelling and resting decreased significantly in the presence of boats. Although the cumulative tourism exposure was not significant for the dolphin population at their current levels, these impacts should be taken into consideration with the potential tourism growth in the area. This is particularly important if tourism reaches periods of high intensity, as we have shown that these periods could have a significant impact for the species, particularly where home-range and core areas are highly overlap by this activity. Understanding the effect of human disturbance variations from previous years may help to predict the consequences on dolphin populations, towards achieving a more ecological and economic sustainability of the activity.

Published
2017

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