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The learning process of ornaments drawing in the Junior High School of Boyolali during the emergency period of the spread of Covid-19 was conducted online. This study follows Bord and Gall's research and development (R&D) method (1983). Data collection methods were carried out by participatory observation, in-depth interviews, closed questionnaires, and documentation, and data analysis was carried out with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The purpose of this study is to provide a foundation for students to appreciate art and use their imaginations as a trigger for their creativity. That is achievable, though, if educators provide learning in a captivating manner. One way to achieve this aim is by innovating learning media based on Android smartphones with tools like ornaments digital drawing using Ibis Paint application, which can be used by students online and offline to make them understand the subject easily. Learning media innovations can be conducted by exploring video tutorials, text, and images that are presented on a website for online and offline learning processes. The results of the test showed that the data of the material expert test are 99%, the media expert test are 98%, and the website expert test are 98%. These results conclude that innovation in learning media with material ornaments digital drawing is appropriate, relevant, and needed by students for their art appreciation and imagination expression in online and offline learning processes. The role of media in achieving learning objectives has been proven effective because students showed active behavior. Innovation in learning media simplifies the understanding of concepts through visualizations, graphics, animations, and other multimedia presentations. This helps students have a better comprehension of complex concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the richest prehistoric assemblage of ornaments in the Eastern Adriatic discovered to date, found in the Late Upper Palaeolithic layers of Vlakno cave, Croatia. The abundance and multiform of bead types indicate that the site was likely used as a workshop for ornaments, i.e. that production was performed on site. Technological and use-wear analysis of each taxon used for beads allowed us to elaborate on its mode of production, use, and overall position of the Vlakno cave site and its role in the regional context during the Late Pleistocene.

The artistic methods of decoration and color processing on metal surfaces are one of the methods inherited in the field of metal works from the age to the present, which is witnessing many technological developments. This development creates a range of digital methods and technologies that show the ingenuity and ease of expressive and technical performance to develop contemporary metal works. With the change in digital printing arts, thermal transport technology on metal surfaces has been able to offer us modern and expressive industrial works as a unique technique in the nature of the ores and tools used This technique has been used in the work of armor, copper dishes. and aluminum dishes and medals as a kind of souvenir that makes the artist design and creates many distinctive ideas and designs that compete with the labor market and produce small and micro projects, Thermal transport on metal surfaces is characterized by accuracy and high quality. This process is done in a few minutes where time and heat are controlled according to the product you want to produce The tendency to use computers in digital thermal transport systems has increased which increases the degree of color control and thus the high efficiency of printing and increase the clarity and consistency of colors, Thermal transport is a type of digital printing that translates the digital system and a transfer to the printing system that plays a cycle in the transfer of printing to the ores on which it will be printed It is a machine engineered to design or draw on flat ores while applying heat and pressure for a predetermined period. Although heat presses are often used to apply designs to fabrics, they can also be used to transport designs on flat surfaces such as paintings, wood, metal ores (copper and aluminum. and others) with processing the surface of the material to be printed on. This method is known as metal printing or sublimation on aluminum it is a new and sophisticated method of modern forming methods, sublimation is the transition process of the

Ornaments are a particularly important aspect in textile design, influencing the visual and aesthetic value of textile products. They are part of every culture in the world. Decorative ornaments applied in Macedonian costumes and textiles combine the tradition and techniques of manufacturing and decoration, which have been developed and passed down from generation to generation. This work investigates the ornaments in Macedonian folk costumes and textiles from the aspect of applied symmetrical operations. A number of traditional textiles with different classes of motifs, borders and two-dimensional patterns were analysed. In the era of globalizations of textile trends and designs, ornaments remain an important aspect offering creativity and innovation in design. They are a fundamental part of the textile industry continually developing onto new means of expression and functionality.

This paper presents finds of gold and silver ornaments characteristic of the Wielbark culture, originating from the eastern zone of the Przeworsk culture. The distinctiveness of the areas on the right bank of the Vistula occupied by the people of the Przeworsk culture has been repeatedly emphasised in the literature. This distinctiveness primarily manifests in a unique style, combining features typical of the Przeworsk culture with elements derived from other cultural areas, such as the Wielbark culture. The exceptional craftsmanship of goldsmiths is most evident in women’s ornaments, specifically in various forms of pendants and bracelets. The article provides descriptions of fifteen gold and electrum ball and pear-shaped pendants, focusing on their internal variations and decorative elements like granulation or filigree. Additionally, the findings of bracelets from the discussed area are briefly outlined. The issue of sourcing non-ferrous metals required for crafting these ornaments is also explored. No outcrops of these materials were identified in the area occupied by the Wielbark and Przeworsk cultures. It is highly likely that these materials were obtained from the territories of the Roman Empire. However, it remains uncertain whether Roman coins could have been a source of these metals, considering the varying purity levels of coins during different emperors’ reigns. The identification of gold and silver objects within the grave goods of these cultures is hindered by the funeral practice of corpse-burning commonly employed during that era. Most findings exist in the form of small molten metal lumps, making identification impossible. Research and experiments involving the cremation of funeral pyres with grave goods have demonstrated that small non-ferrous metal ornaments almost entirely vanish, either fusing with the funeral pyre or melting to the point of becoming imperceptible. This underscores the possibility of such materials being present in the studied grave sites.

In this article, the author takes a closer look at the finds of sea shell ornaments in the early Middle Ages, based on artefacts discovered at two sites (Nos. 2 and 4) in Kruszwica. The four pendants in question come from settlement levels dating from the 11th to the 12th centuries. A malacological analysis suggests that the ornaments reached Kruszwica from the Mediterranean area (Acanthocardia tuberculata and Bolinus brandaris), and probably the Red Sea (Monetaria moneta), and from southern Poland (Turritella sp). These objects had been in use for a long time, as evidenced by the microtraces and damage visible on their surface. During the early medieval period, among the various species of shells that were ‘imports’, money cowrie shell ornaments with the most ‘exotic’ origins were the most common in Europe. It is highly probable that during this period of time, they were used in the exchange/trade and their value as a female symbol object and an amulet. Most likely, the shell pendants reached Kruszwica via trade routes that have been previously documented, alongside other artifacts. These ornaments provide additional evidence of long-distance trade.

Ornaments play a very important and specific role in the life of every Naga tribe; therefore in this paper, I refer to their differentiated meanings and roles. Focusing on the cultural meanings of ornaments, I also examine their crafting and accessories as reflected in the Nagas‘ folktales and folksongs, arguing for their indispensable role in the survival of the Nagas as an ethnic community.

Several species of stalk-eyed flies exhibit exaggerated sexual dimorphism where females favor males with longer eyespans. Longer eyespan increases a fly's moment of inertia, and may, therefore, impact flight behavior and fitness, specifically maneuverability and predator evasion. However, these putative costs may be ameliorated by co-selection for compensatory traits, as flies with longer eyespans tend to have larger thoraces and wings, which allows them to perform turns similar to flies with shorter eyespans. Furthermore, the capacity to compensate for a potentially costly ornament may not be fixed across the lifehistory of the adult stage, as stalk-eyed flies achieve sexual maturity at 3-4 weeks of age, accompanied by significant growth of reproductive tissues and organs. Thus, growth of the abdomen and body mass over time may impose constraints on flight performance that may affect whether an adult reaches the age of reproductive viability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the flight performance of stalk-eyed flies and its relationship to body morphology and development. The flight performance of 1-to-30 day old Teleopsis dalmanni (n=124) and Diasemopsis meigenii (n=83) were assessed by presenting normoxic, variable-density mixtures of heliox (O2, N2 and He) in 10% increments ranging from air to pure heliox; the least-dense gas allowing flight represented maximal performance. Flight kinematics were analyzed using highspeed (5930fps) videography. Immediately following flight assessment, flies were euthanized, photographed, dissected and weighed. In both species, total body mass, thorax and abdominal mass increased across age. Wing kinematics and maximal flight capacity were associated with thorax mass, and increased with age as flies became heavier. Although flies with longer eyespans were indeed heavier, they had larger wings and thoraces; however, maximal flight capacity and kinematics were generally independent of eyespan. Thus, bearing long eyestalks did not impair flight performance, nor did the increase in mass attributable to reproductive maturation. Instead, variation in flight performance appears associated with the development of the flight motor, and improved ratio of thorax-to-total mass, across age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to highlight of the vytynanka art as an integral component of traditional Ukrainian culture. The research methodology is based on the application of a systemic approach and includes the following methods: analytical, comparative-historical, art history, cultural for comprehensive reflection of the outlined issues and the formulation of substantiated conclusions. The scientific novelty consists in an attempt to comprehensively consider the art of vytynanka in historical retrospect; the periodisation of traditional Ukrainian vytynanka art was presented; the main trends of the folk vytynanka development are defined; the types of paper ornaments as well as the technique of their manufacture, their typology and motifs of ornaments, tools and materials for the manufacture are revealed. Conclusions. Ukrainian vytynanka is a traditional type of decoration characteristic of Ukrainian culture. This art consists in creating patterns and images by cutting motifs out of paper. Vytynanka has deep historical and symbolic roots, associated with Ukrainian national identity. The main elements of Ukrainian vytynanka are geometric shapes, flowers, animals, birds, symbols and motifs from nature. The ears of corn, the sun, roosters and other symbols are popular motifs, because they have a deep cultural and symbolic meaning. It is often associated with holidays, especially spring and summer, when decorations from vytynanka are used to decorate houses and attributes of festive events. Thus, Ukrainian vytynanka is a beautiful form of decorative art, as well as the important symbol of Ukrainian culture and national identity, passing on heritage and traditions from generation to generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fine arts learning that is done in a blended learning manner during the Covid19 pandemic certainly has advantages and disadvantages. From this it is felt necessary to do research to find out how the teaching and learning process is implemented, student work and work evaluation. Purpose: The aims of this research were: (1) to find out the application of the art and culture blended learning method to 3-dimensional art material for class XI at SMA N 1 Lemahabang, Cirebon Regency; (2) analyzing the results of 3-dimensional art works for class XI at SMA N 1 Lemahabang, Cirebon Regency; (3) knowing the 3-dimensional art evaluation process for class 11 at SMA N 1 Lemahabang, Cirebon Regency in the implementation of blended learning. Methods: This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to discuss phenomena in the field with four stages in the form of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The research subjects were class XI MIPA 3 and XI MIPA 6 based on the purposive sampling technique as the target for implementing blended learning with a total of 71 students. Results: The results of this study indicate that (1) The process of implementing blended learning in 3-dimensional art learning class XI at SMA N 1 Lemahabang Cirebon Regency in general has been achieved based on the distribution of the number of student attendance, namely 50% face-to-face and 50% online, but the implementation is not appropriate with syllabus and lesson plans; (2) The results of 3-dimensional works of art by modifying class XI MIPA 3 and XI MIPA 6 objects as a whole have met the teacher's target, but for researchers it is still unsatisfactory based on aspects of visual elements, design principles and creativity; (3) The results of the evaluation of 3-dimensional works of art by modifying objects have met the target for teachers based on the average score of all students above the KKM, namely the average value of class XI MIPA 3 85.89 and XI MIPA 6 85.6, but in the assessment and criteria the score made by the teacher is felt to be less specific so that the value given is not objective Conclusion: Based on the findings of research and data analysis that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the process of implementing blended learning in class XI 3- dimensional art learning at SMA Negeri 1 Lemahabang, Cirebon Regency has generally been achieved based on the distribution of the number of student attendance, namely 50% face-to-face and 50% online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal ornaments are widely viewed as indicators of social identity and personhood. Ornaments are ubiquitous from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene, but they are most often found as isolated objects within archaeological assemblages without direct evidence on how they were displayed. This article presents a detailed record of the ornaments found in direct association with an Early Mesolithic buried female infant discovered in 2017 at the site of Arma Veirana (Liguria, Italy). It uses microscopic, 3D, and positional analyses of the ornaments as well as a preliminary perforation experiment to document how they were perforated, used, and what led to their deposit as part of the infant's grave goods. This study provides important information on the use of beads in the Early Mesolithic, in general, as well as the relationship between beads and young subadults, in particular. The results of the study suggest that the beads were worn by members of the infant's community for a considerable period before they were sewn onto a sling, possibly used to keep the infant close to the parents while allowing their mobility, as seen in some modern forager groups. The baby was then likely buried in this sling to avoid reusing the beads that had failed to protect her or simply to create a lasting connection between the deceased infant and her community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout intellectual history, mystics, philosophers, poets, and aestheticians have engaged in discussions about the concept of beauty. The character of beauty is also considered a divine attribute reflecting God's love for beauty. Consequently, everything created by Allah is beautiful. Human beauty is unparalleled in terms of the appropriateness and attractiveness of his stature, shape and appearance. Allah's blessing is that the almighty created man's best creations and created his structure in good manners. Khawaja Farid, a Sufi poet, also shed light on the concept through his poetry, particularly in glorifying female obsession with ornaments. Khawaja Farid belongs to the pantheistic (Wahdat Al-Wajood) spiritual school of thought. Those affiliated with this spiritual school of thought loved every creature of this universe. As a result, they love the creator and have more spiritual intimacy with God. In this article, I aim to answer several questions regarding this theme, including the types of ornaments used, their purpose, the feelings they keep, and their symbolic meaning. Khawaja Farid's poetry indicates that all ornaments, colours, and forms are used to enhance the beauty of the female form for the beloved. These ornaments are worn on various body parts, such as fingers, wrists, elbows, nose, ears, neck, head, and feet, to gain the romantic approval of the beloved. Female characters in his poetry not only adorn themselves but also try to acquire famous and expensive clothes and ornaments from different places and cultures to increase their attractiveness. These ornaments' purpose is aesthetic and symbolic, representing the lover's desire to draw the beloved's attention and keep their love alive. The feeling of wearing these ornaments arises from the belief that they will enhance the wearer's beauty and make them more attractive. However, the critical study also finds these ornaments uncomfortable and impractical. Although these beautiful ornaments make life complicated and unbearable, they still practise those traditions to impress the beloved. In overview, the article excavates into the aesthetics of Khawaja Farid's poetry and the role of ornaments in enhancing the female form's beauty. The embellishments are worn to gain the beloved's romantic appreciation and represent the lover's desire to keep their love active. Although these ornaments are uncomfortable, they are essential for aesthetic and symbolic value. The article provides insight into the romantic aspects of ornamentation in poetry and the hidden sense behind these adornments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jet is coalified wood widely used as a black raw material for making ornamental objects at the end of the Magdalenian (16.5–14 ka cal BP). This paper applies a multidisciplinary approach, including organic petrology methods, to the study of ornamental archaeological objects, in order to analyse Magdalenian jet exploitation (acquisition and transformation) and distribution modes in northwestern Europe (Jura Arc and the Paris Basin). The results shed light on the exclusive use of jet for the production of symbolic objects (geometric beads, figurative pendants, and elements of portable art) and show that jet-working techniques were adapted to the specific mechanical properties of the material (percussion and meticulous grooving, scraping, and abrasion techniques). The petrographic characters of the analysed materials are surprisingly uniform and are all part of the Swabian Jura group of jet (so-called ‘Posidonia Shale’, Lias epsilon, Lower Toarcian). This uniformity reveals the importance of jet during the Magdalenian, materialised by a wide circulation of the material (at least 500 km, as far as the Paris Basin). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of high-quality non-glazed ceramics testifies to the development of ceramic craft in the South Aral Sea region of the medieval period. The morphological features and functional purpose of grey-clay ceramics with black polishing: jugs, pot-shaped vessels and tripod dishes are mainly described. Types, forms and especially ornaments and their analogies in comparison with other regions of this period are analyzed. High-quality pottery served as a household inventory in the medieval feudal life of the South Aral Sea region settlements. Some types of high-quality ceramics were exported from settlements of the mentioned region to neighboring territories. This led, on the one hand, to the widespread use of vessels with black polishing in everyday life, on the other hand, had an influence on the development of local ceramic craft. The mass of the material indicates that in the medieval South Aral Sea region settlements there were several ceramic workshops, producing high-quality products for both external and internal markets.

Batik ERNA Mojokerto is a hand-written Mojokerto-style batik renowned for incorporating a Majapahit theme into its batik production. Some of the names of the batik motifs, such as the Surya Majapahit, Alas Majapahit, and Bunga Cinta Majapahit, have Majapahit nuances. The uniqueness of Batik Erna motivates this study to formulate the following research problem: how to transform the shape of the Majapahit heritage ornaments into Batik ERNA motifs? The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study is to investigate ERNA Batik motifs. Observation and interviews were utilized for data collecting, whereas data was examined using domain, taxonomy, and component analysis. The results of this study show that Batik ERNA transforms the ornaments of Majapahit heritage, such as the shape of the temple, flora and fauna ornaments on the relief walls, and the Majapahit royal signs into its batik motifs. The ornaments and the temple shapes have inspired the creation of batik motifs. The transformation results can be seen in the batik motifs of Ukel Cambah, Surya Majapahit, Rawan Inggek, and Kembang Suruh.

Developmental stress experienced during the embryonic period has the potential to affect individual quality and to exert long‐term impacts on avian fitness. Avian integumentary characteristics such as skin and feather colour (potential markers of red‐related carotenoid pigmentation or black‐related melanin pigmentation) can affect mate selection and reproductive investment in the wild and can act as honest signals where the level of colour expression correlates with genetic, nutritional or environmental 'quality' of the individual. However, little is known about whether embryonic conditions and stressors experienced in ovo persist to affect integumentary adult feather and skin coloration. In this study, we used digital photography measures of eye‐ring and breast‐band colour, structural body size, feather corticosterone, and moult progression to assess whether temperature and contaminant stress experienced by embryos later impacts ornament expression in 1‐year‐old captive‐reared Killdeer Charadrius vociferus. Study birds had been previously exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 126 or DMSO (control) at different incubation temperatures (36, 37.5 and 39 °C) in ovo but were subsequently hatched and reared under identical conditions. We found corticosterone levels at hatch from Killdeer tail feathers were higher in response to increased incubation temperature (but not to PCB exposure), suggesting adrenal activity was affected by temperature during the sensitive in ovo period. Digital photography detected individual differences in integumentary colour that covaried with temperature treatment and feather corticosterone at hatch. Birds with higher feather corticosterone levels had chromatically blacker breast‐bands as adults and exhibited signs of earlier moult, structurally shorter tarsi, and longer head bill and culmen. Birds incubated below optimal temperature had chromatically more yellow (less orange) eye‐rings. Overall, we found that digital photography revealed differences in breast‐band and eye‐ring colour and that these variations in integumentary traits can reflect persistent differences in individual size and quality resulting from early life temperature stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decorative elements and non-decorative elements from a garden may have different ornaments. Some of these are obtained by cutting out the contours previously figured on that element. In this paper, the authors present a study, of the situation in which the Inventor software is used, regarding the possibility of automating the obtaining of free contours after which the desired cutouts can be made in the decorative elements.

Exaggerated ornaments often evolve due to the mating preferences of the opposite sex. Genetic correlations between preferences and ornaments can lead both traits to elaborate dramatically in tandem, in a process known as 'Fisherian runaway'. However, in most previous models of Fisherian runaway, elaborate ornaments are not expected to persist when preferences are consistently costly to the choosing sex. In contrast, we show here that exaggerated male ornaments can be maintained long term even when females must pay a cost to choose their mates. Preferences per se are not costly in our model, but females can only act on their preferences by investing resources in mate search. We predict that mate search effort should decrease with the cost of sampling additional mates and increase with the number of possible ornaments that females can choose from. The potential for multiple exaggerated ornaments to coexist depends on subtleties of their cost structure: strict trade‐offs (additive costs) favour sequential ornament evolution, whereas looser trade‐offs (multiplicative costs) allow for coexistence. Lastly, we show that pleiotropy affecting both ornaments and preferences makes it difficult for Fisherian runaway to initiate, increasing the evolutionary time until ornamentation. Our model highlights the important but neglected role of mate search effort in sexual selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ornaments play a very important and specific role in the life of every Naga tribe; therefore in this paper, I refer to their differentiated meanings and roles. Focusing on the cultural meanings of ornaments, I also examine their crafting and accessories as reflected in the Nagas' folktales and folksongs, arguing for their indispensable role in the survival of the Nagas as an ethnic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Archaeologica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mosaic Research is the property of Uludag University, Mosaic Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Letonica is the property of University of Latvia, Institute of Literature, Folklore & Art and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The making of ornaments is one of the industries that has always been considered in ancient Iran. Among the outstanding works in this field are the golden collars belonging to the Sassanid and Parthian periods of the Reza Abbasi Museum. These golden collars have special structural features and decorative methods that by studying them, in addition to showing the historical course of making the collar, their special decorations will also be introduced.The main focus of this research is the structural form of the two samples studied and the decorations of each work. Accordingly, first the structural and decorative features of each work have been studied separately, then the collars have been studied comparatively.The results of this study introduce the techniques used in these works and also show the commonalities and differences in the collar making of these two periods, so that it can be said that these two collars have many similarities in terms of structure and decoration method. It shows the continued use of popular artistic traditions for several centuries.

The role of bare body parts in sexual signalling in birds has received relatively little attention. I describe how the bare-throated spurfowl males saturate the colours of their throats to attract females. Of the 23 Afrotropical spurfowl species, the bare-throated subgroup includes Yellow-necked Spurfowl (Pternistis leucosceptus), Red-necked Spurfowl (P. afer), Grey-breasted Spurfowl (P. rufopictus) and Swainson's Spurfowl (P. swainsonii). The rest of the species include fully feathered throated spurfowls. Throat colour intensity of bare throats was scored using an extensive online digital photographic archive encompassing the four species across the year's seasons. Each throat (n ​= ​836) was assigned to one of four colour-intensity categories to explore the relationship between colour intensities, breeding cycles, and environmental variation. Except for Swainson's Spurfowl male saturation of throat colours correlated with monthly rainfall, which peaks one or two months before egg laying. Swainson's Spurfowl peaks during egg laying. Yellow-necked Spurfowl has the largest bare throat. Bare-throated spurfowl males perform an elevated courtship display posture above the female to feature their throat colour. No such displays occur in feather-throated spurfowl. Males with low throat colour saturation harbour more ectoparasites on their bare throats than birds with saturated throats. Male Red-necked Spurfowls have significantly larger bare throats than females. The primary function of bare throats probably assists in thermoregulation, particularly in arid regions. The bare throat may have evolved a secondary role in mating. Yellow-necked, Red-necked, and Grey-breasted Spurfowls use their saturated throat colours as ornaments to court females during the breeding season. Unobtrusive female throat colours (unsaturated) may discourage male interlopers and predation during egg laying. Saturation appears to be carotenoid-food based. The different colours among the bare-throated species may serve as prezygotic mechanisms that inhibit cross-breeding and explain why females also have coloured throats.

This article aims to determine the concepts as well as some Islamic construction ornaments that contain Islamic values. Art and spirituality will not be complete if they do not touch on architecture, so Islamic architecture has an important meaning from the perspective of spirituality. In the 21st century, there are architectural issues in how buildings respond to the environment. Therefore, buildings including ornaments must be environmentally friendly and apply the concept of simplicity design and apply appropriate technology. The research used is library research with descriptive methods. The result of this research is that the art of decoration is one of the most important character building elements in Islamic architecture. Types of typical Middle Eastern ornaments include calligraphy, geometric ornaments, and arabesk.

Exodus 33:1-6 stands as one of the Old Testament texts that have been used by some scholars and believers as a biblical basis to prohibit the use of ornaments and other fashion-related discourse. It has been argued tenaciously that ornaments are unbiblical, sinful and devilish with special emphasis on certain experiences from the patriarchal period of the Old Testament. Certain believers who are not using some of these ornaments like earrings, necklaces, rings or bracelets etc. see themselves as more holy and godly than those who do use them. The correct biblical position about ornaments has puzzled humanity for ages. However, the context, culture, antecedents and language used in the biblical narratives have not been carefully studied from the socio-linguistic perspective. Therefore, this work investigated the basic understanding of and rationale for ornaments. It also examined Christian attitudes to ornaments in the contemporary era, and draw implications for Christians and preachers alike. This study employed an exegetical method of biblical interpretation that utilizes discourse analysis also known as text-linguistic approach in order to bring out the nearest meaning to the author’s autograph of the pericope. The study revealed that the declaration of Yahweh to the Israelite to put off their ornament was not a complete prohibition to the use of ornaments. The instruction was situational or circumstantial and should be taken as such. Therefore, against existing beliefs that ornaments are demonic and sinful, the study revealed that, this is indeed a fallacy.

The study attempts to interpret the phenomenon of symbols, attributes, ornaments, and decors which play a dominant role in small-sized sacral monuments. It tries to distinguish between the different categories by using a specific example, the vine tendril and grape bunch, and also seeks to answer the question of how the given sign or symbol has undergone changes in meaning and function over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ensino em Artes, Moda e Design is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Because of their inherent symbolic significance, personal ornaments gained a key role in the scientific debate regarding the emergence and evolution of symbolic behaviour; the presumed Acheulean beads discovered in the nineteenth century in northern Europe’s sites are considered crucial evidence of this. The fossils of the sponge Porosphaera globularis, because of their morphological characteristics, have been interpreted by some archaeologists as the starting point of this evolutionary path. In this work, the largest collection of Porosphaera globularis specimens is analysed, after remaining unpublished to this day. This was originally found in the French site of Saint-Acheul and preserved at the Civic Museums of Modena. An integrated analysis was carried out to understand whether these fossils were indeed used as beads; results revealed that they were actually not used as ornaments. This suggests the importance of finding strong arguments and evidence to support theories about the development of cognitive abilities in the genus Homo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential migration strategies favour different sets of characteristics, including sexually selected ornamentation. Such phenotypic variation is particularly evident in a population with partial migration, where migrants and non-migrants co-exist. Partial migration provides insights into the link between migration, local environment and ornamentation, although empirical studies remain scarce. Here, we studied the plumage traits of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) in southern Japan, where both winterings and migrants breed sympatrically. We further examined this relationship with multiple isotopes (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N and δ34S), which provides insight into their moulting habitat. Among males, winterings and migrants differed in their morphological traits: wintering males had shorter wings, which suggests the high demand for flight apparatus in migratory birds. Moreover, wintering males had larger white tail spots and less colourful throat patches than migratory males, indicating ornament divergence between them. Wintering males had a significantly smaller isotopic space when examining the combinations of δ34S with the other isotopes compared to migratory males, which indicates a differential geographic range between them, perhaps because of the limited variation in the distance to the sea in wintering males. As in males, wintering females had a significantly smaller isotopic space than migrant females, but there were few morphological differences between migratory and wintering females. Instead, some morphological traits were related to isotope values in females. These results indicate sex-specific linkage between migration, local environment, and ornamentation., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Evolutionary Biology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

In order to understand the interpretive art of folklore violinists we must start from studying the interpretation manner reflected in their repertoire. Moldovan musical folklore, which contains a variety of genres and kinds, has, at all times, been a source of inspiration for musicians. Filip Todirașcu was a great folklore violinist from the central area of Moldova. His repertoire comprises a huge number of works (over 300). Each creation, when executed, was "wrapped", according to its kind, in certain decorative ornamental patterns corresponding to his spiritual, sentimental state. Studying the aspects of the execution manner, characteristic of Filip Todirașcu, will enable us to enhance the knowledge in this field and encourage young violinists who want to acquire the traditional style of interpretation.

Climate change has been shown to affect fitness-related traits in a wide range of taxa; for instance, warming leads to phenological advancements in many plant and animal species. The influence of climate change on social and secondary sexual traits, which are associated with fitness because of their role as quality signals, is, however, unknown. Here, we use more than 5,800 observations collected on two Mediterranean blue tit subspecies (Cyanistes caeruleus caeruleus and Cyanistes caeruleus ogliastrae) to explore whether blue crown and yellow breast patch colorations have changed over the past 15 years. Our data suggest that coloration has become duller and less chromatic in both sexes. In addition, in the Corsican C.c. ogliastrae , but not in the mainland C.c. caeruleus , the decrease is associated with an increase in temperature at molt. Quantitative genetic analyses do not reveal any microevolutionary change in the color traits over the study period, strongly suggesting that the observed change over time was caused by a plastic response to the environmental conditions. Overall, this study suggests that ornamental colorations could become less conspicuous because of warming, revealing climate change effects on sexual and social ornaments and calling for further research on the proximate mechanisms behind these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Armenian mediaeval culture is a treasure of ornaments. Sacral architecture, stone and wood carvings, decorations on paper and fabric, all contain planar periodic patterns. For the first time we classify the available ornaments according to their symmetry properties with the tools of mathematical group theory. We determine the unit cells of patterns, axes of rotation, mirror and glide reflections, all symmetry operations that preserve the pattern invariant. The results show that of seventeen crystallographic plane groups, four do not exist. Other symmetry groups are represented in a more or less balanced distribution with a dominance of fourfold symmetry. The distribution of the symmetry groups can be used to rigorously compare different cultural groups. Armenia, with its geographical location along the Silk Road, was inspired by different cultures and served as a source of inspiration for many cultures. The mathematical analysis of ornaments is an objective measure to follow such interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Beads and other personal ornaments were recovered during excavations at Tijeras Pueblo (LA 581). In 2008, a volunteer project was begun (1) to identify potential jewelry artifacts from the site, and their contexts; (2) to develop criteria for classifying artifacts as jewelry; and (3) to make these data accessible to future researchers. Comparisons with other sites show that Pueblo IV jewelry consists mostly of beads and pendants, with a few unusual pieces at each site. The variety of ornament materials, styles, and designs in the Tijeras Pueblo assemblage suggests the flow of objects, ideas, and practices across the Southwest and Northern Mexico. A comparison of the contexts in which jewelry artifacts were recovered at Tijeras Pueblo and Pottery Mound (LA 416) indicates possible differences in jewelry use. This project highlights how volunteers with specific interests and expertise can significantly enhance the research value of legacy collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ancient city, Kudus, Central Java, has unique sites, including ancient ornaments and walls inside Langgar Dalem Mosque. The study aims to reveal that the value of tolerance needs to be cared by every generation of Muslims in Kudus. The data were collected by interview, observation, and literature review. The study used a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data. The study showed that Langgar Dalem Mosque is a historical-cultural heritage inherited by pre-Islamic Hindus and preserved authenticity by Muslims in Kudus, as a form of the love of cultural works. There are patterns of Javanese, Hindu, and Islamic cultures that decorate the mosque's walls. However, Department of Culture and Tourism of Kudus Regency has not optimally cared for it. So, the initiative of the Mosque management board is the ancient ornaments were painted for their dull color. This could reduce their original aesthetic value and change the cultural heritage values. The ancient wall in Langgar Dalem Mosque with the meaning of cultural tolerance until now has preserved by Sunan Kudus and Moslem generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a report of death due to direct lightning strike that was witnessed, with description of the injuries. The associated clothing and jewelry were examined microscopically for lightning‐related findings. For the first time, we report a lightning strike on a victim that led to crater formations in the brass clasp of the basil wood bead necklace, brass teeth, and brass button of the zipper. Blackening, fissuring, and charring of basil wood beads were noted. There was blackening and fusion of cowrie shell teeth, which were in the black thread necklace. The silver necklace chain vaporized and caused deep burns on the nape of neck. A few links of the silver chain necklace were found embedded in the clothing. All this damage provides important insight into the behavior of lightning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersal decisions are affected by the internal state of the individual and the external environment. Immigrants entering a new population are phenotypically different from residents due to selection that mitigate costs of dispersal and facilitate settlement. Sexual and status signaling traits may influence individual’s ability to settle in a population, either by showing a subordinate phenotype thus reducing aggressive interactions, or by signaling a more competitive phenotype, thus gaining local breeding resources, including mates. By comparing immigrants vs. residents in a common kestrel population across 17 years, we evaluated the influence of dispersal on fitness components (laying date, clutch size and number of fledglings) and investigated if sex, age and phenotypic traits (body size, body condition and plumage coloration) involved in movement and social interactions affected settlement. We found that population characteristics affected sexes and age classes differently, as the admission of females and young males into our population had fewer obstacles than the admission of males. In females, immigrant young were larger, had longer wings and tails, showed better body condition, had less gray tails, started breeding earlier, and laid larger clutches than residents. Adult female immigrants also showed better body condition and less gray tails. In males, immigrants had longer tails and higher number of black spots than residents. Summarizing, immigrants are good-quality individuals and, as deduced from their breeding performance, they benefited by signaling subordination, thus reducing the probability of aggressive encounters and facilitating settlement. Our study highlights the role of phenotypic traits related to signaling to study dispersal.

The Balinese puppets in the traditional paintings as a cultural heritage has inspired Balinese craftsmen created ceramic works of aesthetic value. The efforts these craftsmen can be read as resistance to entry the ceramic works from outside and the production of the ceramic art in Indonesia that ignore Indonesian characters. This study aims to discuss the aesthetics of visuals ceramic works that apply Balinese puppets ornaments. The data collection method by observation and documentation. The results showed that the aesthetics of the ceramic craft products with Balinese puppets ornaments seen from unity, harmony, symmetry, balance, and contrast are quite good, although not yet optimal. Besides, the visual aesthetics of the ceramic works have not displayed good complexity, so the beauty that obtained was not optimal. The visual aesthetic assessment of this work was subjective in nature, so it was possible that there will be different judgments. The conclusion that aesthetics can be achieved by elevating the cultural traditions of the past and at the same time as a form of appreciation for that culture and become a differentiator amid the rise of Chinese ceramics in Indonesia.

Abstract Understanding the origin and persistence of phenotypic variation within and among populations is a major goal in evolutionary biology. However, the eagerness to find unadulterated explanatory models in combination with difficulties in publishing replicated studies may lead to severe underestimations of the complexity of selection patterns acting in nature. One striking example is variation in plumage coloration in birds, where the default adaptive explanation often is that brightly colored individuals signal superior quality across environmental conditions and therefore always should be favored by directional mate choice. Here, we review studies on the proximate determination and adaptive function of coloration traits in male pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). From numerous studies, we can conclude that the dark male color phenotype is adapted to a typical northern climate and functions as a dominance signal in male–male competition over nesting sites, and that the browner phenotypes are favored by relaxed intraspecific competition with more dominant male collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) in areas where the two species co‐occur. However, the role of avoidance of hybridization in driving character displacement in plumage between these two species may not be as important as initially thought. The direction of female choice on male coloration in pied flycatchers is not simply as opposite in direction in sympatry and allopatry as traditionally expected, but varies also in relation to additional contexts such as climate variation. While some of the heterogeneity in the observed relationships between coloration and fitness probably indicate type 1 errors, we strongly argue that environmental heterogeneity and context‐dependent selection play important roles in explaining plumage color variation in this species, which probably also is the case in many other species studied in less detail.

How do female sexual preferences for male ornamental traits arise? The developmental origins of female preferences are still an understudied area, with most explanations pointing to genetic mechanisms. One intriguing, little-explored, alternative focuses on the role of associative learning in driving this process. According to this hypothesis, a preference learned in an ecological context can be transferred into a sexual context, resulting in changes in mating preferences as a by-product. I tested this hypothesis by first training female guppies to associate either orange or black colour with food delivery; I then presented videos of males with computer-manipulated coloured spots and measured female preference towards them. I also allowed females from both treatments to mate with males differing in their ratio of orange-to-black spots and measured the males' reproductive success. After training, female sexual preferences significantly diverged among treatments in the expected direction. In addition, orange males sired a greater proportion of offspring with females food-conditioned on orange compared to those conditioned on black. These results show that mating preferences can arise as a by-product of associative learning, which, via translation into variation in male fitness, can become associated with indirect genetic benefits, potentially leading to further evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Females in mutually ornamented species are often less conspicuously ornamented than their male conspecifics. It has been hypothesized that offspring quality may decrease if females invest more resources into ornaments at the expense of resources in eggs. An experiment was carried out to test whether natural variation in carotenoid in the eggs from a wild population of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) was associated with survival and growth of their offspring until hatching. Wild Arctic charr were caught at a spawning ground during the spawning period. Eggs from two different females, one female with yellowish carotenoid‐rich eggs and one with paler eggs, were fertilized by sperm from the same male. This was repeated until gametes were collected from 42 females and 21 males, giving a total of 21 groups. After fertilization, the zygotes from each of the two females were reared in four replicated groups. These 168 groups were reared separately until hatching when the surviving larvae were counted and their body length measured. For the two response variables survival and body length at hatching, no effect was demonstrated of any of the predictors (i) amount of carotenoid in the unfertilized eggs, (ii) the mothers' body condition, or (iii) ornament intensity of their red carotenoid‐based abdominal ornament. Thus, this study gives no support for the hypothesis that females investing less carotenoid into their eggs suffer from decreased offspring quality until hatching. This lack of association between female ornament intensity and their fitness is not as expected if female ornaments evolved due to direct sexual selection from males on the more ornamented females ("direct selection hypothesis"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]