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Online learning and teaching, accelerated by the global pandemic and rapid advancement of digital technology, require novel conceptual and analytical tools to understand better the evolving nature of online teaching. Drawing on the classical model of the instructional triangle and previous attempts to extend it, we propose the "Instructional Technology Tetrahedron" (ITT)--a conceptual framework that integrates technology into the instructional triangle to represent the role of technology, as a learning tool and a mediator between teachers, students, and content. Combining the ITT framework with network visualization strategies allowed for representing the intensity of interactions within the tetrahedron. We illustrate the affordances of the ITT framework by analyzing reflective noticing patterns of three prospective secondary teachers (PSTs) who reflected on the video recordings of their own online teaching, with each PST teaching four online lessons to groups of high-school students. We demonstrate the utility of the ITT framework to characterize individual noticing patterns, in a particular lesson and across time, and to support a variety of cross-case comparisons. The discussion sheds light on the broader implications of the ITT framework.

BACKGROUND: In 2022, the US Department of Health and Human Services released the first National Strategy to Support Family Caregivers, identifying actions for both government and the private sector. One of the major goals is to expand data, research, and evidence-based practices to support family caregivers. While IT tools are widely deployed in health care settings, they are rarely available at scale in community agencies. In 2019, the state of California recognized the importance of a statewide database and a platform to serve caregivers remotely by enhancing existing service supports and investing in a web-based platform, CareNav. Implementation commenced in early 2020 across all 11 California Caregiver Resource Centers. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the implementation strategies and outcomes of the statewide implementation of CareNav, a web-based platform to support family caregivers. METHODS: The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), including a recent addendum, guided this mixed methods evaluation. Two major approaches were used to evaluate the implementation process: in-depth qualitative interviews with key informants (n=82) and surveys of staff members (n=112) and caregivers (n=2229). We analyzed the interview transcripts using qualitative descriptive methods; subsequently, we identified subthemes and relationships among the ideas, mapping the findings to the CFIR addendum. For the surveys, we used descriptive statistics. RESULTS: We present our findings about implementation strategies, implementation outcomes (ie, adoption, fidelity, and sustainment), and the impact on population health (organizational effectiveness and equity, as well as caregiver satisfaction, health, and well-being). The platform was fully adopted within 18 months, and the system is advancing toward sustainment through statewide collaboration. The deployment has augmented organizational effectiveness and quality, enhanced equity, and improved caregiver health and well-being. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a use case for technological implementation across a multisite system with diverse community-based agencies. Future research can expand the understanding of the barriers and facilitators to achieving relevant outcomes and population impact.

We hypothesized that the inferior disease-free survival (DFS) seen in older patients who underwent αβ-T-cell/CD19-depleted (AB-TCD) haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematologic malignancies is caused by excessive exposure to rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG; Thymoglobulin). Between 2015 and 2023, 163 patients with a median age of 13 years (range, 0.4-27.4) underwent AB-TCD haploidentical HCT for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 98), acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 49), or other malignancies (n = 16) at 9 centers in 2 prospective trials. Exposures to rATG before and after HCT were predicted using a validated pharmacokinetic model. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify the optimal target windows for rATG exposure in terms of outcomes. We identified 4 quadrants of rATG exposure, namely quadrant 1 (n = 52) with a high pre-HCT area under curve (AUC; ≥50 arbitrary units [AU] per day per milliliter) and a low post-HCT AUC (

Cyanobacteria frequently constitute integral components of microbial communities known as phototrophic biofilms, which are widespread in various environments. Moreover, assemblages of these organisms, which serve as an expression platform, simplify harvesting the biomass, thereby holding significant industrial relevance. Previous studies of the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 revealed that its planktonic growth habit results from a biofilm-suppression mechanism that depends on an extracellular inhibitor, an observation that opens the door to investigating cyanobacterial intercellular communication. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA polymerase sigma factor SigF1, is required for this biofilm-suppression mechanism whereas the S. elongatus paralog SigF2 is not involved in biofilm regulation. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses identified distinct regulons under the control of each of these sigma factors. sigF1 inactivation substantially lowers transcription of genes that code for the primary pilus subunit and consequently prevents pilus assembly. Moreover, additional data demonstrate absence of the biofilm inhibitor from conditioned medium of the sigF1 mutant, further validating involvement of the pilus assembly complex in secretion of the biofilm inhibitor. Consequently, expression is significantly upregulated for the ebfG-operon that encodes matrix components and the genes that encode the corresponding secretion system, which are repressed by the biofilm inhibitor in the wild type. Thus, this study uncovers a basic regulatory component of cyanobacterial intercellular communication, a field that is in its infancy. Elevated expression of biofilm-promoting genes in a sigF1 mutant supports an additional layer of regulation by SigF1 that operates via an intracellular mechanism.

We report on a large-scale, log-based study of the associations between persistence and success in an online game-based learning environment for elementary school mathematics. While working with applets, learners can rerun a task after completing it or can halt before completing and rerun it again; both of these mechanisms may improve the score. We analyzed about 3.1 million applet runs by N=44,323 1st-6th-grade students to have a nuanced understanding of persistence patterns, by identifying sequences of consecutive single applet runs (SoCSARs). Overall, we analyzed 2,249,647 SoCSARs and identified six patterns, based on halting and rerunning tasks, and their completion: 1) Single Complete, 2) Single Incomplete, 3) Some Incomplete and Single Complete, 4) Multiple Incomplete and No Complete, 5) Multiple Complete and No Incomplete, and 6) Multiple Complete and Some Incomplete. Expectedly, we found a positive correlation between SoCSAR length and success. Some patterns demonstrate low to medium positive associations with success, while others demonstrate low to medium negative associations. Furthermore, the associations between the type of persistence and success vary by grade level. We discuss these complex relationships and suggest metacognitive and motivational factors that may explain why some patterns are productive and others are not.

Students' school requirements and learning activities engage many different cognitive processes, including language processing, memory, learning, attention, reasoning, decision-making, and social interaction. However, students rarely learn about these cognitive processes, or the brain mechanisms underlying them and therefore lack the critical understanding of how they operate. Here, we describe a novel neuroscience curriculum, developed through a research-practice partnership (RPP) between neuroscientists and educators, aimed at providing students with the opportunity to learn about their own brain and cognitive abilities and engage in authentic neuroscientific inquiry. The curriculum is organized around three pillars: Learn Neuroscience-Experience Neuroscience-Contribute to Neuroscience. These are designed to optimize relevance, student engagement, and interactive hands-on experience. In particular, by incorporating genuine neuroscientific research as part of the program, students are offered a front-row seat to the scientific process using cutting-edge neurotechnology and gain firsthand experience with the challenges and excitements of scientific inquiry.

Abstract: Global change is impacting biodiversity across all habitats on earth. New selection pressures from changing climatic conditions and other anthropogenic activities are creating heterogeneous ecological and evolutionary responses across many species' geographic ranges. Yet we currently lack standardised and reproducible tools to effectively predict the resulting patterns in species vulnerability to declines or range changes. We developed an informatic toolbox that integrates ecological, environmental and genomic data and analyses (environmental dissimilarity, species distribution models, landscape connectivity, neutral and adaptive genetic diversity, genotype‐environment associations and genomic offset) to estimate population vulnerability. In our toolbox, functions and data structures are coded in a standardised way so that it is applicable to any species or geographic region where appropriate data are available, for example individual or population sampling and genomic datasets (e.g. RAD‐seq, ddRAD‐seq, whole genome sequencing data) representing environmental variation across the species geographic range. To demonstrate multi‐species applicability, we apply our toolbox to three georeferenced genomic datasets for co‐occurring East African spiny reed frogs (Afrixalus fornasini, A. delicatus and A. sylvaticus) to predict their population vulnerability, as well as demonstrating that range loss projections based on adaptive variation can be accurately reproduced from a previous study using data for two European bat species (Myotis escalerai and M. crypticus). Our framework sets the stage for large scale, multi‐species genomic datasets to be leveraged in a novel climate change vulnerability framework to quantify intraspecific differences in genetic diversity, local adaptation, range shifts and population vulnerability based on exposure, sensitivity and landscape barriers.

In the wake of recent interventions to better connect the subfields of international migration and race and ethnicity through a sociology of racialized immigration, we push this further by arguing for the necessity of a global Blackness perspective on global migration. Such a focus does not just reflect the role of race in the dynamics of migration, and vice versa, but more importantly shifts assumptions about this relationship. So, it is not enough to say that race matters in migration but rather that blackness and Black lives matter in how migration unfolds. Using global blackness as a starting point in our analyses of migration reveals a clearer and closer entanglement of race, racism, colonialism, and migration. We argue that global Blackness structures notions of who migrates and under what conditions, as well as our ideas regarding migrants and their descendants and use the examples of New York City, Paris, and France as paradigmatic sites for understanding this relationship.

BackgroundCancer patients are at risk of pulmonary embolism (PE). Catheter-based therapies (CBT) are novel reperfusion options for PE though data in patients with cancer is lacking.Study design and methodsPatients with intermediate- or high-risk PE were identified using the National Readmission Database (NRD) from 2017 to 2020. Primary outcome were in-hospital death and 90-day readmission. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital bleeding, 90-day readmission for venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related or right heart failure-related reasons and bleeding. Propensity scores were estimated using logistic regression and inverse-probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was utilized to compare outcomes between CBT and no CBT as well as CBT versus systemic thrombolysis.ResultsA total of 7785 patients were included (2511 with high-risk PE) of whom 1045 (13.4%) were managed with CBT. After IPTW, CBT was associated with lower rates of index hospitalization death (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.96) and 90-day readmission (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.81) but higher rates of in-hospital bleeding (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.20) which was predominantly post-procedural bleeding. CBT was associated with lower risk of major bleeding (20.8% vs 24.8%; OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68-0.94) compared with systemic thrombolysis.InterpretationAmong patients with cancer with intermediate or high-risk PE, CBT was associated with lower in-hospital death and 90-day readmission. CBT was also associated with decreased risk of index hospitalization major bleeding compared with systemic thrombolysis. Prospective, randomized trials with inclusion of patients with cancer are needed to confirm these findings.

Substantial global attention is focused on how to reduce the risk of future pandemics. Reducing this risk requires investment in prevention, preparedness, and response. Although preparedness and response have received significant focus, prevention, especially the prevention of zoonotic spillover, remains largely absent from global conversations. This oversight is due in part to the lack of a clear definition of prevention and lack of guidance on how to achieve it. To address this gap, we elucidate the mechanisms linking environmental change and zoonotic spillover using spillover of viruses from bats as a case study. We identify ecological interventions that can disrupt these spillover mechanisms and propose policy frameworks for their implementation. Recognizing that pandemics originate in ecological systems, we advocate for integrating ecological approaches alongside biomedical approaches in a comprehensive and balanced pandemic prevention strategy.

We present results from a 3.25 kg-day target exposure of two silicon charge-coupled devices (CCDs), each with 24 megapixels and skipper readout, deployed in the DAMIC setup at SNOLAB. With a reduction in pixel readout noise of a factor of 10 relative to the previous detector, we investigate the excess population of low-energy events in the CCD bulk previously observed above expected backgrounds. We address the dominant systematic uncertainty of the previous analysis through a depth fiducialization designed to reject surface backgrounds on the CCDs. The measured bulk ionization spectrum confirms the presence of an excess population of low-energy events in the CCD target with characteristic rate of ∼7 events per kg-day and electron-equivalent energies of ∼80 eV, whose origin remains unknown.

Abstract Alpha-synuclein (αS) aggregation is a widely regarded hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can be detected through synuclein amplification assays (SAA). This study investigated the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) radiological measures in 41 PD patients (14 iPD, 14 GBA1-PD, 13 LRRK2-PD) and 14 age-and-sex-matched healthy controls. Quantitative measures including striatal binding ratios (SBR), whole-brain and deep gray matter volumes, neuromelanin-MRI (NM-MRI), functional connectivity (FC), and white matter (WM) diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) were calculated. Nine LRRK2-PD patients were SAA-negative (PD-SAA−). PD-SAA+ patients showed lower whole-brain gray matter, putamenal, brainstem, and substantia nigra volumes, reduced FC in the left caudate, and lower fractional anisotropy in the left fronto-occipital fasciculus compared to PD-SAA−. Taken together, αS aggregation was observed in iPD, GBA1-PD, and 38% of LRRK2-PD patients, and this was associated with reduced regional brain volumes, altered caudal FC, and SBRs. These changes were less pronounced in PD-SAA−, possibly suggesting a milder neurodegenerative process.

Abstract Background Conducted in May 2024, this study examines the well-being of Israeli evacuees and non-evacuees from conflict zones. We assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL), meaning in life (MIL), coping strategies, psychological symptoms, and self-mastery. Aims include exploring effects of trauma and socio-demographics on HRQoL and MIL, analyzing mediating roles of psychological symptoms and coping, and evaluating if evacuation status moderates these relationships during ongoing conflict. Methods In May 2024, seven months post–October 7th attacks, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 366 participants (221 evacuated, 145 non-evacuated) via a survey company. We assessed HRQoL (SF-12), MIL (MLQ), psychological symptoms (PHQ-4), self-related and other-related coping strategies (Brief COPE), and self-mastery (Self-Mastery Scale) through self-reported measures. Path and moderated mediation analyses evaluated relationships among socio-demographics, psychological symptoms, coping variables, HRQoL, and MIL. Results Except for self-mastery, northern and southern evacuees showed no significant differences and were combined into one group. Path analysis revealed significant associations between traumatic life events, HRQoL, and MIL. Traumatic events were negatively associated with the physical component summary (PCS) of HRQoL and positively with anxiety, depression, and coping (self and others- problem-solving). Depression negatively related to PCS, mental component summary (MCS), and MIL, while coping (self and others) was positively associated with MIL. Moderated mediation analysis showed evacuated participants had higher dysfunctional coping, whereas non-evacuated participants demonstrated a stronger positive relationship between anxiety and the search for meaning. Conclusion Despite regional differences, evacuees exhibited similar psychological responses, likely due to the shared experience of displacement. Traumatic events negatively impacted their HRQoL and MIL. Adaptive coping strategies—self-related and problem-focused coping through helping others—played significant roles in mitigating these effects. The theoretical frameworks of Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, Taylor’s “tend and befriend” model, and Frankl’s existential framework provided a basis for explaining these findings.

The number of Black suburbs has expanded since the 1960s, however, research on gender and how Black women contribute to their formation is understudied. Grounded in an intersectional framework, this article places women at the center of the analysis of Black suburban life. Using a multisite ethnography conducted during the Great Recession, I make a case for a Black diasporic suburb model and analyze the labor and household practices Black women use to sustain their families' suburban lives. This article generates new insights into the heterogeneity of and Black suburbs in general, and the dynamic culture and economies of Black suburban women, in particular. Thus it contributes to new thought in Black feminist geography and the sociology of suburbs.

Service-learning models serve as noteworthy curriculum paradigms that can help students engage with their communities while continuously learning. This article recounts the implementation of a service-learning model within a student initiative aimed to help combat vaccine hesitancy and promote the uptake of vaccinations within the Rhode Island community. Through a collaborative effort between students, faculty, and the university, the student initiative was able to construct a credit-bearing course to help assess and alleviate vaccine hesitancy within Rhode Island. This article highlights the journey the organization took to develop a service-learning model within the course, the project details, and the impact of their project on the community. A detailed analysis of the service-learning model's impact on students as well as key takeaways of the project are also highlighted below.