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Abstract The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a crucial legume crop and an ideal evolutionary model to study adaptive diversity in wild and domesticated populations. Here, we present a common bean pan-genome based on five high-quality genomes and whole-genome reads representing 339 genotypes. It reveals ~234 Mb of additional sequences containing 6,905 protein-coding genes missing from the reference, constituting 49% of all presence/absence variants (PAVs). More non-synonymous mutations are found in PAVs than core genes, probably reflecting the lower effective population size of PAVs and fitness advantages due to the purging effect of gene loss. Our results suggest pan-genome shrinkage occurred during wild range expansion. Selection signatures provide evidence that partial or complete gene loss was a key adaptive genetic change in common bean populations with major implications for plant adaptation. The pan-genome is a valuable resource for food legume research and breeding for climate change mitigation and sustainable agriculture.

A alvenaria estrutural possui elevada relevância no mercado da construção e alto emprego em decorrência da competitividade do sistema em pequenas e médias construções. O bloco cerâmico possui papel fundamental no sistema de alvenaria estrutural, responsável direto pela segurança estrutural e cuja integridade e capacidade resistiva devem ser preservadas com o intuito de proteger também o sistema. Todavia, alterações nos blocos cerâmicos realizadas pelos próprios usuários são comuns; a execução de furos nas paredes estruturais, por exemplo, para o emprego de chumbadores, pode – em casos extremos – comprometer a segurança estrutural. Este trabalho, então, analisa os efeitos nas propriedades estáticas e dinâmicas de blocos cerâmicos para alvenaria estrutural em decorrência de perfurações não concebidas em projeto. Para tanto, levou-se em conta ensaios de compressão axial, técnica de excitação por impulso (IET) junto à elaboração de um modelo numérico dos blocos. Foram avaliadas as alterações na resistência à compressão e nas frequências naturais dos blocos cerâmicos, observando-se não apenas as modificações que de fato ocorreram, mas também o seu nível de influência nas características do bloco. Observaram-se, em alguns casos, variações da ordem de 14% na segunda frequência de maior relevância, além de alterações em modos de ruptura a partir das perfurações realizadas e claras mudanças na distribuição de esforços no modelo numérico, com aumento de mais de 42% das tensões em alguns elementos. Apesar de algumas alterações no comportamento dos blocos, as perfurações não aparentam ser determinantes para suas propriedades estáticas e dinâmicas; as resistências máximas sofreram pouca variação e as frequências de interesse variam, em sua maioria, menos que 6%.

En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión enfocada a la evaluación de diversas fuentes de datos hidrometeorológicos con el potencial de ser incorporadas en un sistema de alerta temprana para la prevención de inundaciones en la cuenca del río Arauca. En el análisis se abordan estaciones terrestres, radares y estaciones aéreas, detallando las particularidades de los datos recopilados y los procedimientos necesarios para su acceso. Además, se profundiza en consideraciones relacionadas con la calidad y confiabilidad de estos datos, al tiempo que se exponen los desafíos inherentes a los procesos de recolección y análisis de estos. Este trabajo contribuye significativamente a la comprensión y la implementación de un sistema efectivo de alertas tempranas para la mitigación de inundaciones en la cuenca del río Arauca.

In order to standardize spray flame synthesis (SFS) studies, intensive work has been done in recent years on the design of burner types. Thus, in 2019, the so-called SpraySyn1 burner was introduced (SS1), which was subsequently characterized in numerical and experimental studies. Based on this research, a modification of the nozzle design was proposed, which has now been considered in the successor model, SpraySyn2 (SS2). As little is known about the effect of the nozzle adaptation on the particle formation, we operated both burners under identical operating conditions to produce maghemite. The final powder comparison showed that SS2 yielded considerable higher specific surface areas (associated with smaller primary particle sizes), lower polydispersity, and higher phase purity. To obtain further information on the size distributions of aggregates and agglomerates generated by SS2, aerosol samples were extracted by hole in a tube (HIAT) sampling and characterized by scanning mobility particle sizing (SMPS). Samples were extracted along the centerline at different heights above the burner (HAB) above the visible flame tip (>7 cm), and quenching experiments were performed to extract the aerosol samples at different dilution rates. Thereby, it was demonstrated that performing detailed quenching experiments is crucial for obtaining representative HIAT-SMPS data. In particular, agglomerates/aggregate sizes were overestimated by up to ∼70 % if samples were not sufficiently diluted. If sufficient dilution was applied, distribution widths and mean particle mobility diameters were determined with high accuracy (sample standard derivation

Iron oxide nanoparticles are very interesting for many applications in different industrial sectors. A promising process to manufacture these nanoparticles is flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). A lack of understanding of the individual sub-processes in FSP makes it challenging to tailor nanoparticle properties. This work provides insights into the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles in a turbulent spray flame using Large Eddy Simulations (LES), which are based on a comprehensive model, including customized submodels. Highlights are the adaption of a turbulent combustion model and a bivariate hybrid method of moments for modeling nanoparticle dynamics. The work focuses on the SpraySyn burner, which is a standardized laboratory burner and was operated with a precursor-solvent mixture of ethanol and iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate. For studying the relevance of precursor chemistry, LES using an evaporation-limited precursor chemistry model is compared with a model that includes detailed iron chemistry. A further novelty is the inclusion of adsorption in the simulation, which defines a third model for comparison. Sufficient validation is achieved for the undoped LES using experimental data from the literature. A strong impact of the detailed iron chemistry and adsorption is found on the precursor consumption and the aggregate and primary particle formation. Comparing the particle diameters with experimental measurements from the literature and data generated for this work is found unsuitable to asses the precursor chemistry model and revealed an urgent need for future experimental and numerical research. This work serves as a step forward in realizing a reliable model.

A substantial part of the environmental issues relies on fossil fuels. This dependence is crucial in transport even though many incentives and interventions have been proposed to reduce pollutant emissions. Electric vehicles with zero emissions might represent a viable solution in urban areas. Many cities encouraged modal shift policies from cars to an e-bike or car-sharing/pooling with electric vehicle fleets. This paper reports the ongoing outputs from a pilot project, relying on a modal shift to the e-bike, promoted in the city of Messina (Southern Italy) by the Ministry of Ecological Transition. The objective is to assess, in the territorial context of Messina, the e-bike as a competitive transport mode in terms of social awareness of eco-friendly mobility solutions. The available dataset consists of about nine months of observations; data on total distance and trips have been gathered for each e-bike. It emerged how, in a typical working day, the average distance travelled is about 6.9 km, the usage rate for working days is about 81 %, and the carbon dioxide reduction is about 245 kg per person each year. During the project, information was also collected on the satisfaction with the e-bike and the quality of travel. It emerged that regular bicycle use has good repercussions on the interviewees' psycho-physical well-being, reducing the stress factor connected with urban mobility. Despite mechanical breakdowns and the lack of an infrastructure dedicated to active mobility representing a limitation, travel comfort and safety are two latent variables that are transversally valid within the population; about 15 % became familiar with the e-bike and made it their primary mode choice for everyday activities. In this sense, outputs represent a starting point for future policies and give back adjustments before introducing similar services to students from the university and second-grade schools.

This research introduces a new approach to organizational capabilities of enterprises that pursued change. The purpose of our research is to create a straightforward model for the dynamic capabilities that can be used by all organizations that intend to involve themselves in a change endeavour. We collected data through a questionnaire filled by executives, managers and consultants that were directly involved in a change initiative within a Romanian organization and had extensive knowledge about the organizational change processes and their results. A number of 21 organizational routines were analysed as possible independent variables for a model establishment. The objective of the proposed framework is to support the continuous improvement of organizational change processes by enabling the discovery of the critical managerial areas that have impact on the final change result and the focus of practitioners on those routines whose absence can impair the change success.

Venezuela suffers severe economic and political crisis that affect the population across the socio-economic spectrum. The crisis has led to immeasurable consequences, such as the intense migratory flow to neighboring countries, including Brazil. A lack of infrastructure necessary to absorb the number of refugees in the welcoming cities in the state of Roraima, in Brazil, has caused problems for the Brazilians themselves. Increased refugees require effective government action to conduct planning of migratoryissues during peacetime, and not just in the wake of or during a crisis. The aim of this paper is to show eventual problems arising from the migratory flow. The research question is: based on Venezuela situation, how the Brazilian Government can host the mass of refugees, without compromising its commitments to its own population security? The methodological approach of the paper addresses a bibliographical review of world policies about refugees, current Brazilian legislation on refugees, the political and economic situation of state of Roraima in Brazil. As a conclusion, it will analyze how the Brazilian Government can better prepare its peacetime planning to welcome refugees

Objective: To determine the sodium concentration in cow milk available for sale and to estimate its consumption by infants up to 6 months of age. Methods: Sodium level was determined by flame emission spectrophotometry in eight different lots of five brands of liquid ultra-high temperature milk and three brands of powdered milk. To estimate sodium consumption via cow milk, orientations for exceptional situations when neither breastfeeding nor infant formula is possible were considered. Inferential statistics were performed and results were compared with critical parameters at a 5% significance level. Results: The mean sodium content per portion found in liquid milk (162.5 ± 16.2) mg/200 mL was higher than that in powdered milk (116.8 ± 3.0) mg/26 g. Estimated sodium consumption by infants through powdered milk varied from 149.8 to 224.7% of adequate intake, and via liquid milk can be more than 500% of the adequate intake, reaching 812.4% of it if dilution is not applied. Seven of the eight brands of milk studied had declared, on their labels, that the sodium content was 13–30% lower than that found in chemical analysis. Conclusion: Liquid and powdered whole cow milk have high sodium content, and the content per portion is higher in liquid milk than in powdered milk. The estimated consumption of sodium through these products can far exceed the adequate intake for infants from 0 to 6 months old, even when the recommended dilution and maximum daily volumes are followed.

The political challenge posed between 2012 and 2017 by the leaders of nationalist parties at the head of the autonomous government and parliament of Catalonia, with the support or under pressure from broad sectors of Catalan civil society, was aimed at the effective transformation of their region into an independent state. This project was to be carried out peacefully, in full compliance with the existing legal framework and democratic principles, through dialogue and the maximum possible consensus, and without ever renouncing the desire to be part of the European Union. In the minds of its advocates, the construction of a sovereign Catalan state, its subsequent inclusion in international institutions and – above all – in European bodies were, in fact, unavoidable stages of the same project. To maximise the chances of success, it was of course necessary to count on the endorsement of the member states and the backing of the international community. It is not surprising therefore that the road map designed by the region's political leaders to achieve their goals included specific actions aimed at favouring the internationalisation of the Catalan sovereignty process. In light of the results obtained in this regard, it is worth questioning their effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to analyse those aspects in more detail.

MultiFEBE integrates multiple finite element and boundary element models for solving linear static and time harmonic multi-domain interaction problems within the field of computational mechanics. It allows to couple bounded or unbounded two- and three-dimensional continuum inviscid fluids, elastic solids or poroelastic media with beam and shell structural elements. This paper summarizes the models and numerical methods implemented in the code, and illustrates its use and capabilities through the computation of the dynamic response of the support structure of an offshore wind turbine fixed to the seabed through a jacket structure and three suction caissons.

In this work, the types of metallic transfer present in electric arc welding with tubular wire and the main characteristics of the pulsed current technique applied in underwater wet welding are exposed. For this, it was essential to collect and analyze the information from different investigations, condensed into technical-scientific articles. This document is divided into two sections: first, the effect that the parameters and conditions of the process have on the type of metal transfer is elucidated. In addition, the application of the pulsed current is presented, and its effect on the control of the size of the metal drops, as well as its frequency and mode of detachment from the electrode to the weld pool.

Purpose – The objective of this article is to evaluate the quality of tourism services in the city of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, from the perspective of foreign tourists arriving there, and to identify the elements that have the greatest influence on satisfaction and future behaviour, the latter expressed in the desire to return to enjoy the destination and/or recommend the city to third parties. Design – The paper proposes a Formative Type Model, where observable variables affect latent or structural variables. Five factors have been considered in this valuation: Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Security and Empathy. Methodology – The multivariate Partial Least Squares Regression technique is used, belonging to the set of methods of Structural Equation Systems. 390 surveys were applied to Spanish, English, and Italian-speaking international tourists, with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%, assuming an infinite population. Findings – The results show that international tourists intend to return to the destination and overall satisfaction was positive. Originality – The results of this study contribute to the scientific literature on new methods for evaluating the quality of tourism services, using analysis techniques that place the customer at the center of decision-making.

Introduction The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA) is routinely used to treat sellar and suprasellar tumors. It provides safe and direct access to tumors in these locations, with wide visualization of anatomical landmarks and great surgical results. With the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the high risk of transmission involved, various surgical procedures cannot be postponed due to their emergency. Case Report A 62-year-old female presented in the previous two months with headaches, followed by bilateral severe visual loss. In 2016, she was submitted to subtotal resection of a non-secretory macroadenoma. Because of the progressive visual deficits, the EETA was used to the resect the pituitary adenoma. Technical Note We developed a low-cost adaptation to the surgical fields, covering the patient's head and superior trunk with a regular surgical microscope bag with a tiny slit to enable the endoscope and surgical instruments to enter the nose, thus protecting the personnel in the operating room from the aerosolization of particles. This makes surgery safer for the surgical team and for the patient. Conclusion In view of the lack of literature on this subject, except for some reports of experiences from some services around the world, we describe the way we have adjusted the EETA in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes type 2 is increasing worldwide, thus the search of novel alternative therapies is needed. According to their traditional use, we selected five Bolivian plants Chenopodium quinoa (CQ) Amaranthus caudatus (AC), Chenopodium pallidicaule (CP), Lupinus mutabilis (LM) and Smallanthus sonchifolius (SS) that are traditionally used to control glycemia. Methods: The effect of a single oral administration of Ethanolic (EtOH), hydro-ethanolic (EtOH70) and aqueous (Aq) extracts from all plant species were tested for their effect on blood glucose in non-fasted mice and during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The effect on insulin secretion was evaluated in mice pancreatic islets. Results: EtOH70 extracts of all the plants showed glucose-reducing effect at the highest dose evaluated (2000 mg/kg b.w.). EtOH70 extracts improved the glucose tolerance evaluated by the OGTT in mice fasted for 12 hours. The extracts have different effects on glucose homeostasis since just extracts of AC, LM and CQ but not CP and SS increased insulin secretion as shown on mice pancreatic islets. The phytochemical qualitative characterization of EtOH70 extracts detected phenolic acids and flavonoids in AC, CP and CQ; alkaloids in LM and anthocyanidins in SS. None of EtOH70 extracts tested showed in vitro or in vivo acute toxicity at concentrations where they exhibit glucose lowering effects. Conclusions: We report here that extracts from AC, CQ, CP, LM and SS exhibit glucose lowering effect while just AC, CQ and LM stimulate directly the insulin secretion.

Context: The job insertion of students in the Degree of Education Construction in rural constructions, from the perspective of the professional teaching-learning process of the principal integrating discipline, favors their professional training. From this job context, students associate with constructive typologies that identify their cultural identity, history, the direct relation to nature’s agents, and the utilization of local materials that let them work with a prospering and sustainable vision for the conservation and protection of the ecosystem during the process of rural construction. Aim: To provide a rationale of rural constructions as a job context in the professional teaching-learning process through the principal integrating discipline, to students in the Degree of Education Construction. Methods: The essential methods used are analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, and scientific observation, which provided evidence of insufficiencies in the job training of students in the Degree of Education in Construction in relation to rural constructions, from the perspective of the principal integrating discipline. Results: Labor qualities, and the traits of a Bachelor in Education in Construction, in relation to their performance in rural constructions were presented within the job context of the principal integrating discipline, with a prospering and sustainable vision.

Contexto: La inserción laboral de los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Educación Construcción en construcciones rurales desde el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje profesional de la Disciplina Principal Integradora, favorece su formación laboral. Desde este contexto laboral los estudiantes se vinculan a las tipologías constructivas que identifican su identidad cultural, la historia, su relación directa con los agentes de la naturaleza, el uso de materiales locales que les permita desempeñarse con una visión próspera y sustentable para la conservación y protección del ecosistema durante la ejecución de construcciones rurales. Objetivo: Fundamentar la incidencia de las construcciones rurales como contexto laboral del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje profesional de la Disciplina Principal Integradora para la formación laboral de los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Educación Construcción. Métodos: Los métodos esenciales que se emplearon son el análisis-síntesis, la inducción-deducción y la observación científica, los que permitieron evidenciar las insuficiencias en la formación laboral de los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Educación Construcción desde la Disciplina Principal Integradora para su desempeño en construcciones rurales. Resultados: Se ofrecen las cualidades laborales y los rasgos de manifestación que caracterizan al Licenciado en Educación Construcción para su desempeño en las construcciones rurales como contexto laboral de la Disciplina Principal Integradora con una visión próspera y sustentable.

Introducción: El trauma dentoalveolar es un tipo de afección muy común en niños, que en la mayoría de los casos involucra dientes, la porción alveolar del maxilar, la mandíbula y los tejidos blandos adyacentes. Pueden variar en cuanto a la extensión y gravedad llegando a afectar la funcionalidad e integridad de las estructuras orales, por lo que un diagnóstico correcto y tratamiento oportuno es necesario para evitar la generación de posibles secuelas en la dentición permanente. Objetivo: Reportar un caso de trauma dentoalveolar en un niño y su abordaje odontológico interdisciplinar. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 7 años de edad, sin antecedentes relevantes, asiste a consulta con su madre por presentar persistencia de un diente temporal en sector anterosuperior, asociado a trauma dentoalveolar ocurrido a los 18 meses de vida aproximadamente. Se realiza exodoncia del diente temporal y tratamiento ortopédico para orientar la erupción del diente permanente, manifestando evolución favorable. Conclusiones: El abordaje interdisciplinario para los casos de trauma dento-alveolar constituye una buena alternativa para una adecuada rehabilitación y disminuye posibles secuelas.

El presente artículo forma parte de los resultados del proyecto nacional que dirige el Centro de Estudios para la Formación Laboral de la Universidad de Holguín, denominado: La evaluación del impacto de la formación laboral de los profesionales de la educación. Surge como resultados científico de la tesis doctoral dando respuesta a las insuficiencias que afectan las vías para evaluar el impacto de la formación laboral de los profesionales de la educación que limitan su tratamiento desde la formación inicial y postgraduada y en si misma a las transformaciones en la Educación Técnica y Profesional: la evaluación de la calidad de la formación laboral del técnico medio en Mecánica Industrial; por lo que tiene como objetivo elaborar una metodología para la evaluación de la calidad de la formación laboral del estudiante de técnico medio en Mecánica Industrial, la que ofrece a los directivos, profesores, especialistas de la producción e investigadores las herramientas necesarias y apropiadas para desarrollar la evaluación de la calidad.

Introducción: La biorremediación mediante la técnica de biopilas tiene como propósito degradar la mayor cantidad de hidrocarburo y la restauración de la calidad de los suelos tratados mediante el empleo de texturizantes, cuyo proceso es afectado por factores abióticos. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de los factores abióticos y su relación con variables climáticas y el tipo de material texturizante en el proceso de biorremediación de residuos petrolizados mediante la ecotecnología de biopilas a escala semi-piloto. Materiales y Métodos: Los factores abióticos se tomaron del monitoreo semanal durante 365 días del proceso de biorremediación de residuos petrolizados, según un diseño experimental multifactorial categórico donde de evaluaron siete tipos de tratamientos. Las variables climáticas fueron tomadas de los registros de la estación meteorológica “La Piedra” perteneciente a la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. Resultados y Discusión: Los cambios en el pH de los tratamientos están relacionados con la capacidad tampón del suelo y con de los texturizantes empleados y no presentan relación con las variables climáticas. Los tratamientos con mejor retención de agua fueron Thalassia testudinum y Bagazo, este último mantuvo como promedio sus valores de humedad por encima del 20% prestablecido. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre las temperaturas de los tratamientos y estas tuvieron una relación directa moderadamente fuerte con la temperatura del proceso. Conclusiones: Debido a las características favorables de absorción de agua por el bagazo éste resultó el mejor tratamiento para mantener los requerimientos necesarios de humedad en las biopilas llegándose hasta valores de 35% de humedad.

Introducción: Los Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos (HAP) son moléculas de dos o más anillos aromáticos fusionados, de baja solubilidad en agua y elevada en disolventes orgánicos, además de reconocida capacidad mutagénica y carcinogénica, El Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos cuenta con un método validado de acuerdo con las normas cubanas, para determinar estos compuestos en sedimentos marinos que emplea la extracción con Soxhlet Objetivo: Evaluar la sustitución del procedimiento de extracción con Soxhlet por el de extracción con ultrasonidos, por ser esta tecnología más eficiente en cuanto a gasto energético, tiempo de extracción, volumen de disolvente y número de muestras a analizar simultáneamente Materiales y Métodos: Se realizaron ensayos comparativos mediante extracción por Soxhlet y baño de ultrasonidos, ocho muestras en cada caso, a un material de referencia certificado. El contenido de HAP se determinó en mediante un cromatógrafo de gases (SHIMADZU) GC-2007 con detector de ionización por llama (FID). Se procedió de acuerdo con lo establecido en las normas cubanas relacionadas con la validación y verificación de métodos analíticos, es decir, evaluar los parámetros de precisión y veracidad para cada procedimiento de extracción, mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados revelaron que no existen diferencias significativas entre los dos procedimientos de extracción en cuanto a los parámetros precisión y veracidad. Conclusiones: Es posible sustituir la extracción por soxhlet con la extracción asistida por ultrasonidos, para determinar hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en sedimentos marinos.

Los senderos locales de pequeños recorridos por áreas suburbanas constituyen una opcional que resulta económicamente viable, sobre todo para aquellas ciudades pequeñas, con atractivos patrimoniales de gran valor, pero que generalmente carecen de una infraestructura apta para soportar la afluencia de un gran número de turistas que pernoctan por lo general en espacios de tiempo inferiores a los tres días. En ese sentido, el objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar el senderismo como opción para pequeñas ciudades patrimoniales en las regiones turísticas en la ciudad de Trinidad (Cuba). Empleando métodos de la investigación mixta y tomando como base un estudio regional, destaca la importancia del trabajo de campo, análisis documental y métodos de estadística descriptiva. Como resultado, se propone un modelo de competitividad analizando las variables consideradas en la proyección de senderos, su adecuación a las características físicas, económicas y geográficas del área suburbana de la ciudad, y los factores que inciden en la sostenibilidad de los mismos, así como su capacidad de carga turística. Se concluye, que las propuestas de nuevos senderos en Trinidad de Cuba para su puesta en valor turístico, en correspondencia con factores que garanticen su sostenibilidad y competitividad, contribuyen a incrementar la oferta turística.

En el siglo XXI se convierte en una prioridad la formación de los jóvenes para el trabajo a partir de considerar el importante papel que tienen las instituciones educativas, esta labor formativa tiene un mayor alcance si se considera la estrecha relación que se establece entre la cultura y la educación, cada una de estas categorías indica lo que se desea alcanzar y cómo hacerlo. Este trabajo es resultado de la sistematización teórica de una tesis doctoral liderada por el Centro de Estudios para la formación laboral de la Universidad de Holguín. Se enfatiza en la categoría cultura desde la perspectiva antropológica y su empleo en el trabajo formativo que se realiza en las instituciones educativas para formar integralmente a los jóvenes para el futuro a tono con las exigencias y demandas de la sociedad cubana actual.

El artículo que se ofrece surge como respuesta a la necesidad de resolver una problemática relacionada con la insuficiente fundamentación teórica que sustenta la estrategia como resultado científico de investigaciones, aspecto que limita la preparación científico-metodológica de investigadores para realizar sus aportes científicos. Sobre esta base se determina como objetivo argumentar algunos fundamentos que desde esta perspectiva sustentan la estrategia como resultado científico de las investigaciones, específicamente en el ámbito educativo. Para su elaboración se utilizan varios métodos científicos entre los que se destacan el análisis-síntesis, la inducción-deducción y la revisión de documentos. Con su introducción en la práctica se contribuye a la preparación científico-metodológica de los investigadores que se desempeñan de manera específica en el ámbito educacional para fundamentar el carácter científico de este tipo de resultado.

La Disciplina Formación Laboral Investigativa que integra el Plan de Estudio de la carrera Licenciatura en Educación Construcción, se reconoce como la Disciplina Principal Integradora (DPI) y rectora del proceso de formación del profesional de perfil amplio. La presente investigación surge por la necesidad de resolver las insuficiencias que presenta el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje profesional de la Disciplina Principal Integradora, que limita la formación laboral de los estudiantes en su desempeño, a partir de la concepción de un modelo didáctico de formación laboral desde esta disciplina. Se emplearon métodos de investigación científica como: el análisis-síntesis, la inducción-deducción, la modelación y el sistémico estructural, los que permitieron diseñar el modelo didáctico de formación laboral desde la DPI. Los autores proponen el modelo didáctico de formación laboral de los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Educación desde la DPI para el desarrollo de sus cualidades laborales. El presente trabajo responde al proyecto institucional Perfeccionamiento de la didáctica de las ciencias técnicas de las carreras de Ingeniería Civil y Licenciatura en Educación Construcción y forma parte de los resultados de la tesis de doctorado de la autora principal.

Este artigo quantifica e analisa os esforços tecnológicos, os perfis de especialização e os movimentos tecnológicos em energias renováveis dos vinte principais países consumidores de energia no período de 1992 a 2018. Utiliza-se uma base de patentes em treze áreas de energias renováveis para a construção de indicadores estruturais de inovação, índices de vantagem tecnológica revelada e aplicação do método shift-share. Os resultados mostraram que os Estados Unidos estiveram à frente da maioria dessas áreas, entretanto, os esforços inovativos mais dinâmicos foram os do Japão, Coreia do Sul e China. A análise shift-share indicou que os esforços tecnológicos dos países não focam em uma fonte energética alternativa, mas conectam-se a um leque mais amplo de tecnologias em energias renováveis.

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito analizar las inteligencias múltiples y las formas de autogestión de los estudiantes del grado 5° de Básica Primaria en la Escuela Rural Nicolás Esguerra de Ibagué – Colombia y diseñar una estrategia didáctica basada en la caracterización de inteligencias múltiples predominantes que optimice el rendimiento académico de los alumnos a través de sus prácticas de autorregulación en el aprendizaje. Este estudio se desarrolló bajo el enfoque metodológico cualitativo, con un diseño fenomenológico de alcance descriptivo, que contó con una unidad informante 13 estudiantes, 7 niños y 6 niñas con edades entre los 9 y 10 años, además de la participación de los padres de familia de los estudiantes y cuatro maestros quienes dieron respuesta a formularios web diseñados con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, así como a una entrevista semiestructurada a uno de los profesores, ambos instrumentos validados por expertos. Los resultados indican que las inteligencias múltiples predominantes en el grupo de análisis son la Ecológica y la Interpersonal y que sus procesos de autorregulación requieren ser fortalecidos en pro de su rendimiento académico. Lo anterior, se constituyó como el principal insumo para que los autores diseñaran una estrategia didáctica innovadora que transversaliza el ámbito curricular de la institución.

A micropropagação em comparação ao método de propagação via estacas herbáceas apresenta maior taxa de multiplicação em menor espaço e tempo; melhor controle fitossanitário, porém os custos elevados. A indução do sistema radicular durante a fase de aclimatização é uma alternativa para redução dos custos no sistema de propagação in vitro. Com o objetivo de induzir raízes nos brotos na fase de aclimatização, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes concentrações do regulador vegetal, ANA, no enraizamento ex vitro e aclimatização para produção de mudas de pimenteira-do-reino. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x4, sendo três cultivares: ‘Apra’, ‘Bragantina’ e ‘Kuthiravally’ e quatro concentrações de ANA: 26,85, 53,70; 80,56; 134,26 μmol/L, seis repetições com duas plantas por parcela. As variáveis avaliadas foram: taxa de sobrevivência e enraizamento; número de raízes por broto (NR); comprimento da maior raiz (CR); número de folhas (NF), massa seca da raiz (MSR) e da massa seca da parte área (MSPA). Os dados obtidos, para cada variável, foram submetidos à análise de variância, considerando o modelo fatorial 3 x 4, sendo três cultivares e quatro doses de ANA e quando significativa pelo teste F, foi aplicado o teste de comparação de médias, tukey (p

Abstract Background The identification of Trypanosoma cruzi and blood-meal sources in synanthropic triatomines is important to assess the potential risk of Chagas disease transmission. We identified T. cruzi infection and blood-meal sources of triatomines caught in and around houses in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, and mapped the occurrence of infected triatomines that fed on humans and domestic animals. Methods Triatominae bugs were manually captured by trained agents from the Epidemiologic Surveillance team of Bahia State Health Service between 2013 and 2014. We applied conventional PCR to detect T. cruzi and blood-meal sources (dog, cat, human and bird) in a randomized sample of triatomines. We mapped triatomine distribution and analyzed vector hotspots with kernel density spatial analysis. Results In total, 5906 triatomines comprising 15 species were collected from 127 out of 417 municipalities in Bahia. The molecular analyses of 695 triatomines revealed a ~10% T. cruzi infection rate, which was highest in the T. brasiliensis species complex. Most bugs were found to have fed on birds (74.2%), and other blood-meal sources included dogs (6%), cats (0.6%) and humans (1%). Trypanosoma cruzi-infected triatomines that fed on humans were detected inside houses. Spatial analysis showed a wide distribution of T. cruzi-infected triatomines throughout Bahia; triatomines that fed on dogs, humans, and cats were observed mainly in the northeast region. Conclusions Synanthropic triatomines have a wide distribution and maintain the potential risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans and domestic animals in Bahia. Ten species were recorded inside houses, mainly Triatoma sordida, T. pseudomaculata, and the T. brasiliensis species complex. Molecular and spatial analysis are useful to reveal T. cruzi infection and blood-meal sources in synanthropic triatomines, identifying areas with ongoing threat for parasite transmission and improving entomological surveillance strategies.

El presente artículo forma parte de los resultados del proyecto nacional que dirige el Centro de Estudios para la Formación Laboral de la Universidad de Holguín, denominado: La evaluación del impacto de la formación laboral en la formación de los profesionales de la educación. Surge como respuesta a las insuficiencias en las vías para evaluar el impacto de la formación laboral en la formación de los profesionales de la educación que limitan su tratamiento desde la formación inicial y postgraduada; por lo que tiene como objetivo determinar indicadores para la evaluación de este proceso. Los indicadores que se determinan responden a las dimensiones dirección del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, entorno laboral socio profesional contextualizado y preparación científico-técnica y metodológica, las que intervienen de manera directa en la formación de los profesionales de la educación y al integrarse contribuyen a su desempeño profesional.

El presente artículo plantea un procedimiento para desarrollar cualidades laborales en niños, niñas, adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos durante su proceso de formación en el contexto escolar, universitario, familiar, comunitario y empresarial (mundo laboral). Con el objetivo de contribuir a la formación laboral como componente esencial de su formación integral, de manera que les permita demostrar actitudes positivas durante el trabajo. Se fundamenta en la concepción teórica de la formación laboral establecida por investigadores del Centro de Estudio para la Formación Laboral, con énfasis en el método instructivo, educativo y desarrollador. Para su elaboración se emplearon los métodos de análisis-síntesis, enfoque de sistema y la revisión de documentos. Esta propuesta puede generalizarse a cualquier nivel educacional con flexibilidad al contexto formativo existente. La propuesta que se realiza en este trabajo puede ser empleada para el tratamiento al componente de Educación Politécnica, Laboral, Económica y Profesional que se lleva a cabo como parte del III Perfeccionamiento del Sistema Nacional de Educación en Cuba.

Una de las prioridades del sistema educativo cubano en la actualidad, es lograr perfeccionar el proceso de evaluación de impacto, por lo importante que resulta para organizar y proyectar la gestión educacional en las universidades y centros escolares. También, por las mejoras que introduce en la calidad del profesional de la educación y en los resultados integrales de la evaluación que inciden en el proceso de la formación laboral. En este sentido, los estudios realizados por los investigadores del Centro de Estudios para la Formación Laboral, apuntan a particularizar los rasgos esenciales de la evaluación de impacto para la Educación para la Primera Infancia. Así como establecer áreas de impactos desde la dinámica del proceso formativo de esta educación, con sus respectivos indicadores. Estos resultados corresponden al proyecto nacional de la evaluación del impacto de la formación laboral en la formación de los profesionales de la educación.

Foundation: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that affects the pancreatic gland. It is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, despite the great advances in the management of critical patients in recent years. Objective: to characterize morbidity and mortality in patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective and correlational study of patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in the 2014-2015 period in the General Surgery Department of the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima Hospital in Cienfuegos. The variables analyzed were age, sex, skin color, clinical presentation, etiology, risk factors, complications, surgery requirement, time to admission to the intensive care unit, and discharge condition. Results: predominance of males (55.5%) and patients aged between 31-50 years (34.1%) was observed. The most frequent clinical presentation was mild (65.4%). The main etiology was vesicular lithiasis (40.7%). Among local complications, the acute necrotic collection was the most frequent, especially in severe cases (66.7%). Mortality was zero for mild and moderate cases, but increased to 63.3% in severe cases. Conclusion: the severity of acute pancreatitis is not related to its etiology; Local complications and mortality are greater in severe cases. Patients with mild acute pancreatitis usually have no relevant findings on computed tomography.

The Neoproterozoic igneous rocks found in the municipality of San José del Guaviare include several isolated plutonic bodies that protrude from the Phanerozoic sedimentary cover in belts aligned NW-SE. Limited to the Guaviare department, these intrusions stretch from the La Lindosa mountain range to the corregimiento El Capricho. These plutonic bodies consist of nepheline syeni­tes, nepheline monzosyenites, nepheline-bearing alkali-feldspar syenites, syenites, quartz-syenites, quartz-alkali-feldspar syenites, syenogranites, and quartz-rich granitoids, which have been grouped and termed the San José del Guaviare Syenite unit (SJGS). The intrusion of the unit occurred in the Ediacaran (604 ± 7 Ma and 620.5 ± 7.5 Ma) by mantle-derived alkaline magmas formed in anorogenic settings, most likely in rift-like stretching zones. The silica-subsaturated magma may have reacted with host rocks at the crust level, producing some silica-saturated igneous rocks, such as syenogranites and quartz-syenites, which are found in the El Capricho and Cerritos bodies.

Background and Objectives To monitor and document the endemicity and disease burden of acute hepatitis A in the area of an ongoing vaccine effectiveness study in León, Nicaragua. Methods At community health centres in León, all children, adolescents and young adults presenting with jaundice and/or other clinical signs of hepatitis were offered free serologic screening (hepatitis A, B and C) and blood tests for liver enzymes and bilirubin. Clinical and socioeconomic data were collected with a structured questionnaire. Diagnosis of acute hepatitis A was confirmed by anti-HAV IgM testing. Using logistic regression we compared the characteristics and living conditions of acute hepatitis A cases with those of non-cases. Results Of 557 eligible subjects enrolled between May 2006 and March 2010, 315 (56.6%) were diagnosed with hepatitis A, 80.6% of them ≤10 years and five >18 years of age. No severe cases were encountered. Apart from jaundice (95.6%) and other signs of hepatitis A (fever, pale stool, dark urine, nausea, vomiting, anorexia), two thirds of patients had moderately raised liver enzymes. Cases occurred throughout the year, with highest incidences from August to March. Poor sanitary conditions and crowding were the main risk factors. Conclusions In the study area, hepatitis A is still highly endemic in young and school age children living in low socioeconomic conditions. There are, however, first indications that the endemicity level is shifting from high to high-intermediate.

La transferencia metálica, como particularidad del proceso con electrodos consumibles, ejerce influencia directa sobre variados aspectos del proceso de soldadura; de este modo, el desempeño operacional de la técnica se ve afectado por un mayor o menor nivel de salpicaduras y en general, por la estabilidad con que los fenómenos eléctricos ocurren. En el presente artículo fue establecida una metodología que permitió comparar técnicas para la definición de la estabilidad, en los tipos de transferencia metálica presentados en el proceso GMAW. Para esto, se realizaron ensayos de soldadura en la posición plana, estableciendo parámetros y variando el voltaje entre un rango de 14 a 32 V. Además, fue analizado el comportamiento del proceso, mediante el uso de histogramas, índices de estabilidad y la caracterización de la geometría del cordón. Como resultado, se obtuvo alta inestabilidad del proceso y salpicaduras en bajas tensiones, mejorando estas condiciones para las tensiones más altas. En conclusión, en el punto de mayor frecuencia de cortos-circuitos se establecen las mejores condiciones para el proceso de soldadura, exhibiendo un mínimo de salpicaduras y el cordón de soldadura con mejor formato.

Abstract: This paper aims to understand how the interconnection between the tacit and explicit dimensions of knowledge impacts knowledge management and its degree of maturity. Knowledge management maturity is understood as the ability firms are expected to have in order to exercise (to some degree) the skills required to manage knowledge internally. Nonaka and Takeuchi (N&T) model of organizational knowledge management was applied to a sample of companies (segmented by size) from the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro, by using the logic of fuzzy sets. The results have shown that small and medium companies have lower levels of knowledge management maturity when compared to large companies. However, in large companies, knowledge management is at medium levels. In this context, this paper suggests, as management guidelines, that companies measure their professionals' perception regarding the company level of knowledge management, pursuing to identify which of their components should be developed.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção dos colaboradores de rádios comunitárias do Semiárido do Piauí, estado do Nordeste do Brasil, quanto ao desenvolvimento sustentável e como tratam a questão nos programas. A pesquisa foi realizada em oito municípios e foram realizadas 25 entrevistas, em visitas in loco ocorridas no mês de agosto de 2019. Foi possível perceber que os colaboradores vinculam desenvolvimento sustentável mais intensamente à dimensão ambiental e que essa temática é tratada apenas nos programas jornalísticos, não tendo espaço nos programas musicais; algumas das rádios pesquisadas possuem a autorização de rádio comunitária, mas atuam como rádio comercial; e que o pouco número de colaboradores e a falta de qualificação dos colaboradores são fatores limitantes para as produções dessas rádios.

A Economia Comportamental avança como alternativa à abordagem mainstream econômica, pressupondo que a racionalidade limitada dos agentes os conduz a regras simplificadoras na tomada de decisão, as heurísticas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da heurística da ancoragem e ajustamento em estimativas numéricas de itens de consumo entre os estratos socioeconômicos de indivíduos fortalezenses. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa empírica com análise posterior nos moldes estatísticos propostos por Jacowitz e Kahneman. Os resultados indicaram uma grande influência do efeito ancoragem nas decisões desses agentes. O Estrato Baixo foi mais influenciado pelas âncoras que o Médio, que sofreu maior influência que o Alto. Concluiu-se que a estratificação socioeconômica afetou as estimativas numéricas dos indivíduos no ambiente de consumo.

The Guaviare Complex is a new unit defined in the Colombian Amazonian Craton, which is part of the Precambrian basement located in southeastern Colombia. It is divided into three units according to their textural and compositional characteristics, termed Termales Gneiss, Unilla Amphibolite, and La Rompida Quartzite. Termales Gneiss rocks are petrographically classified as gneisses and quartz-feldspar granofels, with the local formation of blastomylonite-like dynamic rocks. The Unilla Amphibolite consists of only amphibolites, and La Rompida Quartzite consists of muscovite quartzites, quartz-feldspar granofels, and quartz-muscovite schists. The protoliths of Termales Gneiss and Unilla Amphibolite were formed in the Mesoproterozoic at 1.3 Ga due to bimodal magmatism (felsic and mafic) derived from mantle material, with some crust contamination that was probably related to the formation of extensional arcs associated with trans-arc basins in the NW section of the Amazon Craton. La Rompida Quartzite rocks originated from sediments derived from granite rocks and from other, older areas of the craton. These rocks have a maximum age of 1.28 Ga. The low-to-medium grade metamorphism that affected these units occurred from 1.28 to 0.6 Ga, most likely concurrently with the Putumayo orogeny of approximately 1.0 Ga, although it may have been an independent event.

Abstract Background Chronic non-specific neck pain is related to limited cervical mobility, impaired function, neck muscles myofascial pain syndrome, and stress at work. The aforementioned factors are strongly related and may lead to a negative impact on health-related quality of life. There are some effective conservative Physical therapy interventions for treating chronic non-specific neck pain. Currently, Deep Dry Needling is emerging as an alternative for improving symptoms and consequently, the quality of life in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of Deep Dry Needling of myofascial trigger points on health-related quality of life improvement, as a secondary analysis, in people with chronic non-specific neck pain. Methods A randomized parallel-group blinded controlled clinical trial was conducted at a public Primary Health Care Centre in Madrid, Spain, from January 2011 to September 2014. One hundred thirty subjects with chronic non-specific neck pain and active myofascial trigger points in neck muscles were randomly allocated into two groups. Subjects in the intervention group (n = 65) were treated with Deep Dry Needling in active myofascial trigger points plus stretching in neck muscles; Control group (n = 65) received only stretching. Both interventions lasted 2 weeks, 2 sessions per week. Health-related quality of life was measured with Short Form-36 (SF-36), in 5 assessments: at baseline, after intervention period; and at 1, 3 and 6 months after intervention. Results For both groups, SF-36 mean values increased in all dimensions in every assessment. Significant differences (p

It presents an experience that distinguishes the management of labor training in scientific activity, as a university development project, based on an integrative conception that guides professionals towards the provision of a service and / or the obtaining of products of utility and necessity Social transformation in the course of life. It makes it possible to develop the personality qualities of the work, which together allow directionality to the professional's performance to be involved in the solution of the problems present in the socio-labor context. There are also practical requirements that take into account cultural traditions, from the process of socialization of systematized codes of culture, typical of school-university-business relations and socio-cultural codes coming from the environment through the affective areas , Socio-moral development, intellectual, cognitive and aesthetic taste. It has a practice accumulated in research for more than 20 years, in undergraduate and postgraduate training where the research results are part of the project associated with the National Program of the Center for Studies for Labor Training. The impacts have a national and provincial scope, are endorsed by the scientific community since its presentation in numerous events, methodological activities, socialization workshops, student scientific work, courses, diplomas, diplomas, postgraduate specialty in Management and Development of Training Laboral, master's thesis, doctorate; As well as publications in indexed journals and the obtaining of different prizes.

The article presents a methodological contribution to the study of the relation between price and quality of goods. An empirical exercise is performed for a food product. Fuzzy sets theory is used to analyze the relationship between quality and price of products, exploring variants of the consumer's perspective to capture a) the relevance of qualitative characteristics for the establishment of the price to be paid and, alternatively, b) the price relevance as a quality flag. This method approximates the mathematical formalization to consumer manifestation, reducing the necessity for theoretical assumptions inherent to the organization of information through infinitesimal variation techniques. The result of the exercise signals that the price is an indicator of the quality of the merchandises, especially when the quality becomes poor in the perception of the consumers.

En el presente artículo se hace una propuesta de un procedimiento para desarrollar el liderazgo pedagógico durante la formación inicial del Maestro de Educación Básica, el cual permite reconocer la integración de las influencias educativas de los procesos sustantivos de la docencia, la vinculación con la colectividad y el trabajo de titulación académica e investigación. Se fundamenta en las concepciones que se abordan sobre liderazgo pedagógico desde el enfoque de dirección de procesos formativos centrado en los docentes y no en los directivos. Puede ser utilizado en carreras de Ciencias de la Educación con flexibilidad al contexto donde se desarrolle el proceso. Se empleó para su elaboración el método de enfoque de sistema y de revisión de documentos.

La puesta en valor de los recursos turísticos del Valle de los Ingenios de Trinidad de Cuba permitirá disminuir la presión que actualmente existe sobre la endeble infraestructura que soporta la actividad económica y social citadina. Con tal propósito, la indagación se trazó como objetivo la elaboración de una propuesta que contribuya a sustentar sobre la base del patrimonio de bienes muebles existentes en el Valle, el trazado de senderos turísticos y la inserción de nuevas formas de actividad económica no estatal en el territorio, como formas de diversificar la actividad turística, rescatar nuevos espacios para la práctica de diversas modalidades, y capacitar a los actores para el ejercicio de nuevas formas de hacer, como respuesta al redimensionamiento de las actividades económicas tradicionales, sustentadas en la actividad agrícola cañera. Palabras clave: Trinidad, Valle de los Ingenios, turismo sostenible. Abstrac The enhancement of the tourist resources of the Valle de los Ingenios de Trinidad de Cuba will reduce the pressure that currently exists on the weak infrastructure that supports the city's economic and social activity. For this purpose, the objective of the investigation was to prepare a proposal that would contribute to sustaining the heritage of existing movable assets in the Valley, the drawing of tourist trails and the insertion of new forms of non-state economic activity in the territory, as ways to diversify tourism activity, rescue new spaces for the practice of different modalities, and train the actors to exercise new ways of doing, as a response to the resizing of traditional economic activities, based on sugarcane agricultural activity. Keywords: Trinidad, Valley of the Sugar Mills, sustainable tourism.

Como todo fenómeno, el producto turístico evoluciona y en su desarrollo transita por diversas etapas, que adoptan el sello particular del país o región donde se promueve. En el artículo los autores utilizan el método de análisis documental en la revisión de los postulados teóricos más actualizados sobre el ciclo de vida del producto turístico, desde una perspectiva descriptiva de la metodología cuanti-cualitativa y toman como caso de estudio la ciudad de Trinidad de Cuba, declarada como Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad hace ya 30 años, a partir de lo cual se promovió de manera más intensa su producto turístico basado esencialmente en la conservación de sus valores patrimoniales. Se examinan las condiciones en que se desarrolla el producto turístico en el territorio a partir de la situación general del país. Los resultados apuntan hacia la dinamización del producto turístico ciudad Trinidad de Cuba a partir de un conjunto de 35 acciones. Como conclusiones se destaca la necesidad de un pronunciamiento para la gestión de la conservación del producto turístico ciudad Trinidad de Cuba, que está en una etapa de desaceleración en su desarrollo y con síntomas de deterioro. Palabras clave: Trinidad de Cuba; gestión de la conservación; ciclo de vida; producto turístico; valores patrimoniales Abstract Like any phenomenon, the tourist product evolves and in its development it goes through different stages, which adopt the particular stamp of the country or region where it is promoted. In the article the authors use the method of documentary analysis in the revision of the most updated theoretical postulates about the life cycle of the tourism product, from a descriptive perspective of the quantitative-qualitative methodology and take as a case study the city of Trinidad de Cuba, declared as Cultural Heritage of Humanity 30 years ago, from which its tourism product based essentially on the preservation of its heritage values ​​was more intensely promoted. The conditions in which the tourist product in the territory is developed from the general situation of the country are examined. The results point towards the revitalization of the tourism product city Trinidad de Cuba from a set of 35 actions. As conclusions, the need for a pronouncement for the management of the conservation of the tourist product Ciudad Trinidad de Cuba, which is in a stage of deceleration in its development and with symptoms of deterioration, is highlighted. Keywords: Trinidad of Cuba; conservation management; Lifecycle; tourist product; heritage values