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1. Waiting times for diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents referred to Italian ADHD centers must be reduced

Author

Bonati, M., Cartabia, M., Zanetti, M., Conte, S., Renzetti, V., Salvoni, L., Molteni, M., Trabattoni, S., Effedri, P., Fazzi, E., Filippini, E., Pedercini, E., Zanetti, E., Fteita, N., Arisi, D., Mapelli, R., Frassica, S., Oriani, S., Trevisan, C., Acquistapace, S., Martinelli, O., Villani, D., Binaghi, E., Deriu, A., Vasile, G., Borchia, A., Morosini, P., Breviglieri, M., Capovilla, G., Segala, R., Battaini, C., Bissoli, C., Canevini, M. P., Cropanese, I., Fornaro, E., Leonardi, G., Merati, S., Reale, L., Saccani, M., Vaccari, R., Valenti, V., Balottin, U., Chiappedi, M., Vlacos, E., Meraviglia, C., Palmieri, M. G., Ruffoni, G., Rinaldi, F., Soardi, F., Luoni, C., and Rossi, G.

Subjects
Waiting time, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Waiting Lists, Epidemiology, Comorbidity, Health informatics, Health administration, Time-to-Treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Children, Health service, Italy, Analysis of Variance, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Referral and Consultation, Registries, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychiatry, Preschool, business.industry, Health Policy, Nursing research, Public health, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, Diagnostic classification, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract

Background To investigate timely access to and the time needed to complete the diagnostic path of children and adolescents with suspected attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the 18 Italian Lombardy Region ADHD reference centers. Methods Data of children and adolescents enrolled in the Regional ADHD disease-oriented Registry for suspected ADHD who requested their first visit in 2013–2017 were analyzed. Results The sample comprised 2262 children and adolescents aged 5–17 years who accessed the ADHD centers for diagnostic classification and management. The median waiting time was of 177 days (range 66–375) from the request for the initial appointment to the completion of the diagnostic path, with a three - fold difference between centers. In addition to the center, the strongest significant predictors of long waiting times were age comorbidities, the severity of the disorder, and having already completed some diagnostic procedures provided by the common standard path. Conclusions To guarantee an equal standard of care in ADHD centers for all children and adolescents there is a pressing need to reduce the times to complete the diagnostic path. It is the task of both policymakers and each center to optimize the quality of the service and of the care delivered.

Published
2019

2. New Vamac® (AEM) ethylene acrylate polymer developments

Author

Panne P., IOM Communications and International Rubber Conference Organisation, IRC 2019: Innovations in elastomeric materials & products, Kia Oval, London, UK, 3-5th Sept. 2019, Bouvier S., Kammerer K., Oriani S., Stewart M., Wang E., McBride E., Panne P., IOM Communications and International Rubber Conference Organisation, IRC 2019: Innovations in elastomeric materials & products, Kia Oval, London, UK, 3-5th Sept. 2019, Bouvier S., Kammerer K., Oriani S., Stewart M., Wang E., and McBride E.

Abstract

Vamac® ethylene acrylic elastomer (AEM) was introduced in 1975 and has been successfully used for many years in the transportation sector, where excellent resistance to heat, engine fluids, and low temperature flexibility is required. With the introduction of the Vamac® Ultra grades a step-change improvement in processability, performance, and customer value for targeted applications has been achieved. Increasing demands for improved temperature stability lead recently to the development of the VMX5000 series pre-compounds to offer compounds in applications with a 10-15°C higher heat resistance over conventional carbon black filled AEM compounds. Resistance to engine oils and acids remains excellent which makes the VMX5000 pre-compounds an interesting cost-effective alternative to FKM materials in the temperature range between -35°C and +175°C. For dynamic hose applications slow curing polymers (Vamac® GXF, Ultra HT and HT-OR) have been introduced. While compounds using the Ultra grades offer better physical properties they sometimes lead to high extrusion pressure and therefore require lower hardness compounds (<70 ShA). To offer more compounding flexibility and allow for cost savings an intermediate viscosity grade called Vamac® Ultra XF has been developed that still allows extrusion of 70-75 ShA compounds with superior green strength and physical properties compared to Vamac® GXF. More stringent safety requirements within the transportation and building sector continue to push for halogen free, low toxicity materials. Vamac® elastomers are halogen-free polymers and present an interesting option of material when low flammability, toxicity, and smoke density combined with heat and fluid resistance are critical. Different starting point formulations have been developed to show the range of HFFR material performance that can be obtained with Vamac®, Vamac® ethylene acrylic elastomer (AEM) was introduced in 1975 and has been successfully used for many years in the transportation sector, where excellent resistance to heat, engine fluids, and low temperature flexibility is required. With the introduction of the Vamac® Ultra grades a step-change improvement in processability, performance, and customer value for targeted applications has been achieved. Increasing demands for improved temperature stability lead recently to the development of the VMX5000 series pre-compounds to offer compounds in applications with a 10-15°C higher heat resistance over conventional carbon black filled AEM compounds. Resistance to engine oils and acids remains excellent which makes the VMX5000 pre-compounds an interesting cost-effective alternative to FKM materials in the temperature range between -35°C and +175°C. For dynamic hose applications slow curing polymers (Vamac® GXF, Ultra HT and HT-OR) have been introduced. While compounds using the Ultra grades offer better physical properties they sometimes lead to high extrusion pressure and therefore require lower hardness compounds (<70 ShA). To offer more compounding flexibility and allow for cost savings an intermediate viscosity grade called Vamac® Ultra XF has been developed that still allows extrusion of 70-75 ShA compounds with superior green strength and physical properties compared to Vamac® GXF. More stringent safety requirements within the transportation and building sector continue to push for halogen free, low toxicity materials. Vamac® elastomers are halogen-free polymers and present an interesting option of material when low flammability, toxicity, and smoke density combined with heat and fluid resistance are critical. Different starting point formulations have been developed to show the range of HFFR material performance that can be obtained with Vamac®

Published
2019

3. Italian regional health service costs for diagnosis and 1-year treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents

Author

Casadei, G, Cartabia, M, Reale, L, Costantino, M, Bonati, M, Conte, S, Renzetti, V, Salvoni, L, Molteni, M, Trabattoni, S, Effedri, P, Filippini, E, Pedercini, E, Zanetti, E, Fteita, N, Arisi, D, Mapelli, R, Frassica, S, Oriani, S, Trevisan, C, Acquistapace, S, Martinelli, O, Villani, D, Binaghi, E, Deriu, A, Ricotta, E, Borchia, A, Morosini, P, Breviglieri, M, Capovilla, G, Segala, R, Bissoli, C, Canevini, M, Costantino, A, Cropanese, I, Didoni, A, Fornaro, E, Merati, S, Ottolini, A, Saccani, M, Vaccari, R, Valenti, V, Valentino, A, Balottin, U, Chiappedi, M, Vlacos, E, Meraviglia, C, Palmieri, M, Ruffoni, G, Rinaldi, F, Soardi, F, Luoni, C, Pavone, F, Rossi, G, Zanetti, M, Casadei, Gianluigi, Cartabia, Massimo, Reale, Laura, Costantino, Maria Antonella, Bonati, Maurizio, Conte, Stefano, Renzetti, Valeria, Salvoni, Laura, Molteni, Massimo, Trabattoni, Sara, Effedri, Paola, Filippini, Elena, Pedercini, Elisabetta, Zanetti, Edda, Fteita, Nadia, Arisi, Daniele, Mapelli, Roberta, Frassica, Simona, Oriani, Simonetta, Trevisan, Christian, Acquistapace, Susanna, Martinelli, Ottaviano, Villani, Davide, Binaghi, Emanuela, Deriu, Andrea, Ricotta, Ernesta, Borchia, Arianna, Morosini, Paola, Breviglieri, Maddalena, Capovilla, Giuseppe, Segala, Roberto, Bissoli, Claudio, Canevini, Maria Paola, Costantino, Antonella, Cropanese, Isabella, Didoni, Anna, Fornaro, Emiddio, Merati, Silvia, Ottolini, Alberto, Saccani, Monica, Vaccari, Roberto, Valenti, Vera, Valentino, Alessandra, Balottin, Umberto, Chiappedi, Matteo, Vlacos, Elena, Meraviglia, Corrado, Palmieri, Maria Grazia, Ruffoni, Gianpaolo, Rinaldi, Francesco, Soardi, Federica, Luoni, Chiara, Pavone, Francesca, Rossi, Giorgio, Zanetti, Michele, Casadei, G, Cartabia, M, Reale, L, Costantino, M, Bonati, M, Conte, S, Renzetti, V, Salvoni, L, Molteni, M, Trabattoni, S, Effedri, P, Filippini, E, Pedercini, E, Zanetti, E, Fteita, N, Arisi, D, Mapelli, R, Frassica, S, Oriani, S, Trevisan, C, Acquistapace, S, Martinelli, O, Villani, D, Binaghi, E, Deriu, A, Ricotta, E, Borchia, A, Morosini, P, Breviglieri, M, Capovilla, G, Segala, R, Bissoli, C, Canevini, M, Costantino, A, Cropanese, I, Didoni, A, Fornaro, E, Merati, S, Ottolini, A, Saccani, M, Vaccari, R, Valenti, V, Valentino, A, Balottin, U, Chiappedi, M, Vlacos, E, Meraviglia, C, Palmieri, M, Ruffoni, G, Rinaldi, F, Soardi, F, Luoni, C, Pavone, F, Rossi, G, Zanetti, M, Casadei, Gianluigi, Cartabia, Massimo, Reale, Laura, Costantino, Maria Antonella, Bonati, Maurizio, Conte, Stefano, Renzetti, Valeria, Salvoni, Laura, Molteni, Massimo, Trabattoni, Sara, Effedri, Paola, Filippini, Elena, Pedercini, Elisabetta, Zanetti, Edda, Fteita, Nadia, Arisi, Daniele, Mapelli, Roberta, Frassica, Simona, Oriani, Simonetta, Trevisan, Christian, Acquistapace, Susanna, Martinelli, Ottaviano, Villani, Davide, Binaghi, Emanuela, Deriu, Andrea, Ricotta, Ernesta, Borchia, Arianna, Morosini, Paola, Breviglieri, Maddalena, Capovilla, Giuseppe, Segala, Roberto, Bissoli, Claudio, Canevini, Maria Paola, Costantino, Antonella, Cropanese, Isabella, Didoni, Anna, Fornaro, Emiddio, Merati, Silvia, Ottolini, Alberto, Saccani, Monica, Vaccari, Roberto, Valenti, Vera, Valentino, Alessandra, Balottin, Umberto, Chiappedi, Matteo, Vlacos, Elena, Meraviglia, Corrado, Palmieri, Maria Grazia, Ruffoni, Gianpaolo, Rinaldi, Francesco, Soardi, Federica, Luoni, Chiara, Pavone, Francesca, Rossi, Giorgio, and Zanetti, Michele

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to estimate the costs associated with diagnostic assessment and 1-year therapy in children and adolescents enrolled in 18 ADHD reference centres. Data concerning 1887 children and adolescents from the mandatory ADHD registry database during the 2012-2014 period were analysed. The overall diagnostic and treatment costs per patient amounts to €574 and €830, respectively. The ADHD centre, the school as sender, and the time to diagnosis constitute cost drivers. Non-pharmacological therapy resulted as being more expensive for patients concomitantly treated with drugs (€929) compared to those treated with psychological interventions alone (€590; p=0.006). This study gives the first and reliable estimate of the costs associated with both diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in Italy. Although costs associated with mental disorders are difficult to estimate, continuing efforts are need to define costs and resources to guarantee appropriate care, also for ADHD.

Published
2017

4. Comorbidity prevalence and treatment outcome in children and adolescents with ADHD

Author

Reale, L, Bartoli, B, Cartabia, M, Zanetti, M, Costantino, M, Canevini, M, Termine, C, Bonati, M, Conte, S, Renzetti, V, Salvoni, L, Molteni, M, Salandi, A, Trabattoni, S, Effedri, P, Filippini, E, Pedercini, E, Zanetti, E, Fteita, N, Arisi, D, Mapelli, R, Frassica, S, Oriani, S, Trevisan, C, Acquistapace, S, Martinelli, O, Villani, D, Binaghi, E, Deriu, A, Ricotta, E, Borchia, A, Morosini, P, Breviglieri, M, Capovilla, G, Segala, R, Bissoli, C, Cropanese, I, Fornaro, E, Merati, S, Ottolini, A, Saccani, M, Vaccari, R, Valenti, V, Valentino, A, Balottin, U, Chiappedi, M, Vlacos, E, Meraviglia, C, Palmieri, M, Ruffoni, G, Rinaldi, F, Soardi, F, Luoni, C, Pavone, F, Rossi, G, Reale, Laura, BARTOLI, BEATRICE, Cartabia, Massimo, Zanetti, Michele, Costantino, Maria Antonella, Canevini, Maria Paola, Termine, Cristiano, Bonati, Maurizio, Conte, Stefano, Renzetti, Valeria, Salvoni, Laura, Molteni, Massimo, Salandi, Antonio, Trabattoni, Sara, Effedri, Paola, Filippini, Elena, Pedercini, Elisabetta, Zanetti, Edda, Fteita, Nadia, Arisi, Daniele, Mapelli, Roberta, Frassica, Simona, Oriani, Simonetta, Trevisan, Christian, Acquistapace, Susanna, Martinelli, Ottaviano, Villani, Davide, Binaghi, Emanuela, Deriu, Andrea, Ricotta, Ernesta, Borchia, Arianna, Morosini, Paola, Breviglieri, Maddalena, Capovilla, Giuseppe, Segala, Roberto, Bissoli, Claudio, Cropanese, Isabella, Fornaro, Emiddio, Merati, Silvia, Ottolini, Alberto, Saccani, Monica, Vaccari, Roberto, Valenti, Vera, Valentino, Alessandra, Balottin, Umberto, Chiappedi, Matteo, Vlacos, Elena, Meraviglia, Corrado, Palmieri, Maria Grazia, Ruffoni, Gianpaolo, Rinaldi, Francesco, Soardi, Federica, Luoni, Chiara, Pavone, Francesca, Rossi, Giorgio, Reale, L, Bartoli, B, Cartabia, M, Zanetti, M, Costantino, M, Canevini, M, Termine, C, Bonati, M, Conte, S, Renzetti, V, Salvoni, L, Molteni, M, Salandi, A, Trabattoni, S, Effedri, P, Filippini, E, Pedercini, E, Zanetti, E, Fteita, N, Arisi, D, Mapelli, R, Frassica, S, Oriani, S, Trevisan, C, Acquistapace, S, Martinelli, O, Villani, D, Binaghi, E, Deriu, A, Ricotta, E, Borchia, A, Morosini, P, Breviglieri, M, Capovilla, G, Segala, R, Bissoli, C, Cropanese, I, Fornaro, E, Merati, S, Ottolini, A, Saccani, M, Vaccari, R, Valenti, V, Valentino, A, Balottin, U, Chiappedi, M, Vlacos, E, Meraviglia, C, Palmieri, M, Ruffoni, G, Rinaldi, F, Soardi, F, Luoni, C, Pavone, F, Rossi, G, Reale, Laura, BARTOLI, BEATRICE, Cartabia, Massimo, Zanetti, Michele, Costantino, Maria Antonella, Canevini, Maria Paola, Termine, Cristiano, Bonati, Maurizio, Conte, Stefano, Renzetti, Valeria, Salvoni, Laura, Molteni, Massimo, Salandi, Antonio, Trabattoni, Sara, Effedri, Paola, Filippini, Elena, Pedercini, Elisabetta, Zanetti, Edda, Fteita, Nadia, Arisi, Daniele, Mapelli, Roberta, Frassica, Simona, Oriani, Simonetta, Trevisan, Christian, Acquistapace, Susanna, Martinelli, Ottaviano, Villani, Davide, Binaghi, Emanuela, Deriu, Andrea, Ricotta, Ernesta, Borchia, Arianna, Morosini, Paola, Breviglieri, Maddalena, Capovilla, Giuseppe, Segala, Roberto, Bissoli, Claudio, Cropanese, Isabella, Fornaro, Emiddio, Merati, Silvia, Ottolini, Alberto, Saccani, Monica, Vaccari, Roberto, Valenti, Vera, Valentino, Alessandra, Balottin, Umberto, Chiappedi, Matteo, Vlacos, Elena, Meraviglia, Corrado, Palmieri, Maria Grazia, Ruffoni, Gianpaolo, Rinaldi, Francesco, Soardi, Federica, Luoni, Chiara, Pavone, Francesca, and Rossi, Giorgio

Abstract

Although ADHD comorbidity has been widely studied, some issues remain unsolved. This multicenter observational study aims to examine comorbid psychiatric disorders in a clinical sample of newly diagnosed, treatment naïve children and adolescents with and without ADHD and, to compare treatment efficacy based on the type of comorbidity. We performed an analysis of the medical records of patients identified from the Regional ADHD Registry database, enrolled in 18 ADHD centers in the 2011–2016 period. 1919 of 2861 subjects evaluated (67%) met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD: 650 (34%) had only ADHD, while 1269 (66%) had at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder (learning disorders, 56%; sleep disorders, 23%; oppositional defiant disorder, 20%; anxiety disorders, 12%). Patients with ADHD of combined type and with severe impairment (CGI-S ≥5) were more likely to present comorbidity. 382 of 724 (53%) followed up patients improved after 1 year of treatment. ADHD with comorbidity showed greater improvement when treated with combined interventions or methylphenidate alone. Specifically, combined treatment showed significant superiority for ADHD with learning disorders (ES 0.66) and ODD (ES 0.98), lower for ADHD with sleep or anxiety disorders. Training intervention alone showed only medium efficacy (ES 0.50) for ADHD and learning disorders. This study was the first describing comorbidity patterns of ADHD in Italy, confirming, in a multicenter clinical setting, that ADHD is more often a complex disorder. Findings highlight important diagnostic, therapeutic, and service organization aspects that should be broadly extended to ensure an appropriate and homogenous ADHD management.

Published
2017

7. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SENSIBLE A EXTRACTOS METANÓLICOS OBTENIDOS DE PLANTAS NATIVAS DE LA PROVINCIA DE LA PAMPA, ARGENTINA.

Author

Toribio, M. S., Oriani, S. D., Toso, R. E., Tortone, C. A., and Fernández, J. G.

Subjects
*STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus, *PATHOLOGY, *DRUG resistance in microorganisms, *PHYTOTHERAPY, SIDE effects of anti-infective agents
Abstract

The massive and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials brings about some negative consequences like the generation of resistant bacterial strains. Considering the need to get new therapeutic alternatives and having presented the idea that plants are active constituents reservoir not totally studied yet, a primary screening was performed in 80 of the vegetable extracts coming from wild plants collected in different geographic areas in the province of La Pampa. The purpose was to detect new sources of antimicrobial agents. 41,25% of the vegetable species showed an inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

12. Italian regional health service costs for diagnosis and 1-year treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents

Author

Casadei, Gianluigi, Cartabia, Massimo, Reale, Laura, Costantino, Maria Antonella, Bonati, Maurizio, Conte, Stefano, Renzetti, Valeria, Salvoni, Laura, Molteni, Massimo, Trabattoni, Sara, Effedri, Paola, Filippini, Elena, Pedercini, Elisabetta, Zanetti, Edda, Fteita, Nadia, Arisi, Daniele, Mapelli, Roberta, Frassica, Simona, Oriani, Simonetta, Trevisan, Christian, Acquistapace, Susanna, Martinelli, Ottaviano, Villani, Davide, Binaghi, Emanuela, Deriu, Andrea, Ricotta, Ernesta, Borchia, Arianna, Morosini, Paola, Breviglieri, Maddalena, Capovilla, Giuseppe, Segala, Roberto, Bissoli, Claudio, Canevini, Maria Paola, Costantino, Antonella, Cropanese, Isabella, Didoni, Anna, Fornaro, Emiddio, Merati, Silvia, Ottolini, Alberto, Saccani, Monica, Vaccari, Roberto, Valenti, Vera, Valentino, Alessandra, Balottin, Umberto, Chiappedi, Matteo, Vlacos, Elena, Meraviglia, Corrado, Palmieri, Maria Grazia, Ruffoni, Gianpaolo, Rinaldi, Francesco, Soardi, Federica, Luoni, Chiara, Pavone, Francesca, Rossi, Giorgio, Zanetti, Michele, Casadei, G, Cartabia, M, Reale, L, Costantino, M, Bonati, M, Conte, S, Renzetti, V, Salvoni, L, Molteni, M, Trabattoni, S, Effedri, P, Filippini, E, Pedercini, E, Zanetti, E, Fteita, N, Arisi, D, Mapelli, R, Frassica, S, Oriani, S, Trevisan, C, Acquistapace, S, Martinelli, O, Villani, D, Binaghi, E, Deriu, A, Ricotta, E, Borchia, A, Morosini, P, Breviglieri, M, Capovilla, G, Segala, R, Bissoli, C, Canevini, M, Costantino, A, Cropanese, I, Didoni, A, Fornaro, E, Merati, S, Ottolini, A, Saccani, M, Vaccari, R, Valenti, V, Valentino, A, Balottin, U, Chiappedi, M, Vlacos, E, Meraviglia, C, Palmieri, M, Ruffoni, G, Rinaldi, F, Soardi, F, Luoni, C, Pavone, F, Rossi, G, and Zanetti, M

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Psychological intervention, Ambulatory/outpatient care, Child and adolescent health, Health care cost, Health administration, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, Health services, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Treatment costs, Psychiatry, Psychiatric Mental Health, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Health policy, business.industry, Research, Health Policy, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Mental health, Cost driver, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Public Health, Pshychiatric Mental Health, Health care costs, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Time to diagnosis
Abstract

The main aim of this study was to estimate the costs associated with diagnostic assessment and 1-year therapy in children and adolescents enrolled in 18 ADHD reference centres. Data concerning 1887 children and adolescents from the mandatory ADHD registry database during the 2012–2014 period were analysed. The overall diagnostic and treatment costs per patient amounts to €574 and €830, respectively. The ADHD centre, the school as sender, and the time to diagnosis constitute cost drivers. Non-pharmacological therapy resulted as being more expensive for patients concomitantly treated with drugs (€929) compared to those treated with psychological interventions alone (€590; p = 0.006). This study gives the first and reliable estimate of the costs associated with both diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in Italy. Although costs associated with mental disorders are difficult to estimate, continuing efforts are need to define costs and resources to guarantee appropriate care, also for ADHD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0140-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017

13. Comorbidity prevalence and treatment outcome in children and adolescents with ADHD

Author

Reale, Laura, BARTOLI, BEATRICE, Cartabia, Massimo, Zanetti, Michele, Costantino, Maria Antonella, Canevini, Maria Paola, Termine, Cristiano, Bonati, Maurizio, Conte, Stefano, Renzetti, Valeria, Salvoni, Laura, Molteni, Massimo, Salandi, Antonio, Trabattoni, Sara, Effedri, Paola, Filippini, Elena, Pedercini, Elisabetta, Zanetti, Edda, Fteita, Nadia, Arisi, Daniele, Mapelli, Roberta, Frassica, Simona, Oriani, Simonetta, Trevisan, Christian, Acquistapace, Susanna, Martinelli, Ottaviano, Villani, Davide, Binaghi, Emanuela, Deriu, Andrea, Ricotta, Ernesta, Borchia, Arianna, Morosini, Paola, Breviglieri, Maddalena, Capovilla, Giuseppe, Segala, Roberto, Bissoli, Claudio, Cropanese, Isabella, Fornaro, Emiddio, Merati, Silvia, Ottolini, Alberto, Saccani, Monica, Vaccari, Roberto, Valenti, Vera, Valentino, Alessandra, Balottin, Umberto, Chiappedi, Matteo, Vlacos, Elena, Meraviglia, Corrado, Palmieri, Maria Grazia, Ruffoni, Gianpaolo, Rinaldi, Francesco, Soardi, Federica, Luoni, Chiara, Pavone, Francesca, Rossi, Giorgio, Reale, L, Bartoli, B, Cartabia, M, Zanetti, M, Costantino, M, Canevini, M, Termine, C, Bonati, M, Conte, S, Renzetti, V, Salvoni, L, Molteni, M, Salandi, A, Trabattoni, S, Effedri, P, Filippini, E, Pedercini, E, Zanetti, E, Fteita, N, Arisi, D, Mapelli, R, Frassica, S, Oriani, S, Trevisan, C, Acquistapace, S, Martinelli, O, Villani, D, Binaghi, E, Deriu, A, Ricotta, E, Borchia, A, Morosini, P, Breviglieri, M, Capovilla, G, Segala, R, Bissoli, C, Cropanese, I, Fornaro, E, Merati, S, Ottolini, A, Saccani, M, Vaccari, R, Valenti, V, Valentino, A, Balottin, U, Chiappedi, M, Vlacos, E, Meraviglia, C, Palmieri, M, Ruffoni, G, Rinaldi, F, Soardi, F, Luoni, C, Pavone, F, and Rossi, G

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Psychological intervention, Comorbidity, Adolescents, behavioral disciplines and activities, Pediatrics, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Prevalence, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Treatment outcome, Psychiatry, Child, Children, Methylphenidate, Medical record, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Philosophy, Psychiatry and Mental Health, General Medicine, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, MED/39 - NEUROPSICHIATRIA INFANTILE, Anxiety, Observational study, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Although ADHD comorbidity has been widely studied, some issues remain unsolved. This multicenter observational study aims to examine comorbid psychiatric disorders in a clinical sample of newly diagnosed, treatment naive children and adolescents with and without ADHD and, to compare treatment efficacy based on the type of comorbidity. We performed an analysis of the medical records of patients identified from the Regional ADHD Registry database, enrolled in 18 ADHD centers in the 2011-2016 period. 1919 of 2861 subjects evaluated (67%) met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD: 650 (34%) had only ADHD, while 1269 (66%) had at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder (learning disorders, 56%; sleep disorders, 23%; oppositional defiant disorder, 20%; anxiety disorders, 12%). Patients with ADHD of combined type and with severe impairment (CGI-S ≥5) were more likely to present comorbidity. 382 of 724 (53%) followed up patients improved after 1 year of treatment. ADHD with comorbidity showed greater improvement when treated with combined interventions or methylphenidate alone. Specifically, combined treatment showed significant superiority for ADHD with learning disorders (ES 0.66) and ODD (ES 0.98), lower for ADHD with sleep or anxiety disorders. Training intervention alone showed only medium efficacy (ES 0.50) for ADHD and learning disorders. This study was the first describing comorbidity patterns of ADHD in Italy, confirming, in a multicenter clinical setting, that ADHD is more often a complex disorder. Findings highlight important diagnostic, therapeutic, and service organization aspects that should be broadly extended to ensure an appropriate and homogenous ADHD management.

Published
2017

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