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The use of vibrational spectroscopy, such as near infrared (NIR) and Raman, combined with multivariate analysis methods to analyze agricultural products are promising for investigating genetically modified organisms (GMO). In Brazil, cotton is grown under humid tropical conditions and is highly affected by pests and diseases, requiring the use of large amounts of phytosanitary chemicals. To avoid the use of those pesticides, genetic improvement can be carried out to produce species tolerant to herbicides, resistant to fungi and insects, or even to provide greater productivity and better quality. Even with these advantages, it is necessary to manage and limit the contact of transgenic species with native ones, avoiding possible contamination or even extinction of conventional species. The identification of the presence of GMOs is based on complex DNA-based analysis, which is usually laborious, expensive, timeconsuming, destructive, and generally unavailable. In the present study, a new methodology to identify GMOs using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on NIR and Raman data is proposed to distinguish conventional and transgenic cotton seed genotypes, providing classification errors for prediction set of 2.23% for NIR and 0.0% for Raman. Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-09T02:00:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISTINGUISHING-COTTON-SEED-GENOTYPES-MEANS.pdf: 3319524 bytes, checksum: 7903a85b1f4eb99ef88802978a5ee625 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most important natural textile fiber in the world. It is cultivated mainly to obtain fibers, although it also stands out as a source of oil and food products. In Brazil, since the early 1990s, the main cotton-growing area is located in the Brazilian tropical savannah (Morello et al. 2020). Due to a well-defined rain season, most cotton fields are rainfed and the lint yield is often very high, an average of 1672.94 kg ha-1 in the 2018-2019 growing season (ABRAPA 2020). In 2019, Brazil was the second largest cotton fiber exporter and fourth largest cotton fiber producer in the world (OECD-FAO 2020). However, the production system is based on extensive areas requiring several pesticide applications to achieve high levels of fiber production. In this scenario, Ramularia leaf spot disease (RLS), caused by Ramulariopsis pseudoglycines (teleomorph: Mycosphaerella areola), became epidemic, with considerable economic impact (Silva et al. 2019a). Additionally, the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is an emerging threat in cotton-growing regions (Belot et al. 2020). Recently, sources of resistance to RLS have been identified and efforts have been made to develop cultivars tolerant or resistant to RLS (Silva et al. 2019a, Suassuna et al. 2020). Sources of resistance to RKN are available (Lopes et al. 2020), and the stocks most used for resistance are sourced from Auburn 623 RNR (Shepherd 1974). The high resistance in Auburn 623 RNR has been RNR (Shepherd 1974). The high resistance in Auburn 623 RNR has been transferred to breeding lines (M-lines). Genetic resistance in M-lines is under oligogenic inheritance, determined by two QTLs located on chromosomes 11 and 14. The QTL (qMi-C11), located on chromosome 11, has a dominant effect on gall formation, whereas the QTL (qMi-C14), located on chromosome 14, has a partial dominant effect and is associated with reduced egg production (Silva et al. 2019b). Resistance (near-immunity) to the RKN is conferred by an epistatic interaction between the two QTLs (Gutiérrez et al. 2010, Lopes et al. 2020). A cotton-breeding program was established by Embrapa in the 1980s to develop cultivars adapted to the cerrado (Brazilian tropical savanna) environment focusing on high-quality fiber (Morello et al. 2020) or enhanced disease resistance (Suassuna et al. 2020). Here, we report the development of the transgenic cotton cultivar BRS 500 B2RF, with resistance to RLS and partial resistance to RKN, which represents an important genetic contribution to sustainable cotton production in tropical environments. Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-08T19:00:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRS-500-B2RF-TRANSGENIC-COTTON-CULTIVAR.pdf: 349222 bytes, checksum: 9d7c3e73e016eb49429003d4e8546408 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Plants have developed various mechanisms to respond specifically to each biotrophic attack. It has been shown that the electrical signals emitted by plants are associated with herbivory stress responses and can lead to the activation of multiple defences. Bt cotton is a genetically modified pest-resistant plant that produces an insecticide from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to control Lepidopteran species. Surprisingly, there is no study–yet, that characterizes the signalling mechanisms in transgenic cotton plants attacked by non-target insects, such as aphids. In this study, we characterized the production of electrical signals on Bt and non-Bt cotton plants infested with Aphis gossypii and, in addition, we characterized the dispersal behaviour of aphids to correlate this behaviour to plant signalling responses. Electrical signalling of the plants was recorded with an extracellular measurement technique. Impressively, our results showed that both Bt and non-Bt cotton varieties, when attacked by A. gossypii, emitted potential variation-type electrical signals and clearly showed the presence of distinct responses regarding their perception and the behaviour of aphids, with evidence of delay, in terms of signal amount, and almost twice the amount of Cry1F protein was observed on Bt cotton plants at the highest density of insects/plant. We present in our article some hypotheses that are based on plant physiology and insect behaviour to explain the responses found on Bt cotton plants under aphid stress. Department of Entomology and Acarology Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) University of São Paulo (USP) Department of Biological Sciences Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) University of São Paulo (USP) Department of Biostatistics São Paulo State University (UNESP) Biological Control Unit Embrapa Algodão Department of Biostatistics São Paulo State University (UNESP) FAPESP: 2015/20380–8 FAPESP: 2017/05953–7 FAPESP: 2018/ 20435–5

Eight upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm lines, GA qFL25-A1 (Reg.no. GP-1063, PI 690458), GA qFL25-A2 (Reg. no. GP-1064, PI 690459), GA qFL25-P1 (Reg. no. GP-1066, PI 690461), GA qFL25-P2 (Reg. no. GP-1065, PI 690460), GA qFL25-D1 (Reg. no. GP-1070, PI 690465), GA qFL25-D2 (Reg. no. GP-1069, PI 690464), GA qFL25-G1 (Reg. no. GP-1068, PI 690463), and GA qFL25-G2 (Reg. no. GP-1067, PI 690462), were developed by the Molecular Cotton Breeding Laboratory, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, at the University of Georgia in Tifton, GA. These eight germplasm lines resulted from crossing 'Sealand 883' (SL883), a G. hirsutum line with significant introgression from G. barbadense L., with four diverse G. hirsutum parents, 'Acala SJ-4', 'Paymaster HS 26', 'Deltapine 50', andGA 2004089, an unreleased breeding line. Previous work identified qFL-Chr.25, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) inherited from G. barbadense with significant effect on fiber upper-half mean length (FL) carried by SL883. Bulked sister lines were selected with the aid of marker-assisted selection from several F3:5 segregating families from each of these four cross combinations to quantify the effect of the allele in sister lines with and without the QTL. The presence of the SL883 allele for qFL-Chr.25 resulted in FL increases of 0.6 mm (1.9%) to 3.5 mm (11.7%) compared with the corresponding sister lines without the QTL. These eight lines should be useful for marker-assisted improvement of fiber length Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-11T02:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RESGISTRATION-OF-EIGTH-UPLANT-COTTON.pdf: 204323 bytes, checksum: 08da3d8da8da5c54f40d8e37ffc3a2ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Problem formulation is the formal opening stage of a risk assessment that determines its purpose and scope and hence guides the gathering of information data. The concepts of familiarity and history of safe use are an integral part of problem formulation. These concepts do not replace the case-by-case approach and are not taken as safety standards but are valuable components of the process that shape the generation of plausible, testable risk hypotheses. The International Life Sciences Institutes in Brazil and Argentina have facilitated numerous discussions on the scientific principles for risk assessment of transgenic crops in the Latin American region in the past 5?6 years. The session held at ISBR 15th elaborated on the familiarity concept and derived tools and their role in the evolution of risk evaluation criteria. Examples of how different countries in the Americas interpret and apply these conceptual tools show that familiarity is a valuable concept, although terms are very often confused and vaguely defined. Formalizing these terms with clear definitions and scope of application in guidelines and regulatory documents would reduce ambiguity, enhance predictability, and add transparency to the evaluation processes. Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-14T00:41:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CapalboFamiiarityContext2019.pdf: 708933 bytes, checksum: a06c6cbeddef3531a91fb10518679550 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Using double-strand RNA (dsRNA) high-throughput sequencing, we identified five RNA viruses in a bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV)-resistant common bean transgenic line with symptoms of viral infection. Four of the identified viruses had already been described as infecting common bean (cowpea mild mottle virus, bean rugose mosaic virus, Phaseolus vulgaris alphaendornavirus 1, and Phaseolus vulgaris alphaendornavirus 2) and one is a putative new plant rhabdovirus (genus Cytorhabdovirus), tentatively named bean-associated cytorhabdovirus (BaCV). The BaCV genome presented all five open reading frames (ORFs) found in most rhabdoviruses: nucleoprotein (N) (ORF1) (451 amino acids, aa), phosphoprotein (P) (ORF2) (445 aa), matrix (M) (ORF4) (287 aa), glycoprotein (G) (ORF5) (520 aa), and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) (ORF6) (114 aa), as well as a putative movement protein (P3) (ORF3) (189 aa) and the hypothetical small protein P4. The predicted BaCV proteins were compared to homologous proteins from the closest cytorhabdoviruses, and a low level of sequence identity (15&ndash, 39%) was observed. The phylogenetic analysis shows that BaCV clustered with yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus (YmCaV) and rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV). Overall, our results provide strong evidence that BaCV is indeed a new virus species in the genus Cytorhabdovirus (family Rhabdoviridae), the first rhabdovirus to be identified infecting common bean.

Direct and indirect induced defense mechanisms against herbivores can be manifested in maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Furthermore, there are constitutive defenses in which plants continuously express resistance traces. In recent decades has increased the production of transgenic maize plants that constitutively express proteins with insecticide action (Bt maize). The increase of the use of transgenic maize cultivars with the Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) gene demand studies that evaluate the impacts caused by this technology on plant defense mechanisms and their impact on non-targeted organisms, as the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). We tested the hypothesis that Bt maize plants (expressing Cry1F protein) would be capable of inducing direct defenses to T. urticae after being attacked by these mites. Thus, we used plants of a commercial maize hybrid (30F35 Hx - expressing Cry1F protein) and plants of its respective non-Bt isogenic line (control). We compared the survival and reproductive performances of T. urticae on plants of both lines that were previously infested with conspecifics and on plants that did not suffer pre-infestations. The previous infestation of maize plants by T. urticae did not impacted the survival and reproductive abilities of adult and immature forms of the conspecific in both genotypes. These results suggest that, Bt maize expressing the Cry1F insecticidal protein, does not interfere in the induction of direct defense by the T. urticae when compared with conventional maize plants. Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-03T00:40:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Directdefense.pdf: 233644 bytes, checksum: 95b0f45f1756a1bb512e2c81371f901f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The geminivirus-resistant common bean, Embrapa 5.1, was the first commercial genetically modified (GM) event developed in Latin America by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp.. Therein novel standard reference plasmids were constructed for species-specific (pLEC) and event-specific (pFGM) qualitative and quantitative detection of Embrapa 5.1 GM common bean. To establish these plasmids as certified reference materials (CRM) for Embrapa 5.1 GM common bean, two DNA extraction protocols, simplex and duplex qPCR using two different operators (experimenters) were tested. The efficiency values ranged from 92% to 110% for the simplex and duplex reactions considering both operators. The limit of detection was enough to detect at least 0.1% GM content. These plasmids are suitable to be used as CRM for Embrapa 5.1 GM common bean. They will be useful for survey of food labels for compliance with legislation about GMO content in Brazil and in other countries where GM common bean is not yet approved for commercialization. Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-03T23:36:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPAF2018fb.pdf: 738975 bytes, checksum: ffa84c1e6d20b31836dba74dff330132 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-03

Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-11T00:42:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cryprotein.pdf: 967620 bytes, checksum: 2788feb1063a9ec6632c14df872b2d03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-10

A deposição de folhedo é um dos principais indicadores de ciclagem de nutrientes em plantios florestais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica de deposição de folhedo, o fluxo dos nutrientes copa-solo via folhedo e a decomposição desse material em um plantio experimental de eucalipto geneticamente modificado. Não foram observadas alterações significativas na produção de folhedo ou no fluxo de nutrientes devido à transformação do eucalipto. As maiores variações observadas foram entre os dois clones estudados, mas foram inferiores às observadas comumente com as mudanças dos tratos silviculturais.

Submitted by Fernanda Weschenfelder (fernanda.weschenfelder@uniceub.br) on 2018-05-28T17:29:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61250027.pdf: 2887550 bytes, checksum: 8b67741a27abdf366ff1d09c1fa5fa81 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Fernanda Weschenfelder (fernanda.weschenfelder@uniceub.br) on 2018-05-28T17:29:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61250027.pdf: 2887550 bytes, checksum: 8b67741a27abdf366ff1d09c1fa5fa81 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T17:29:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61250027.pdf: 2887550 bytes, checksum: 8b67741a27abdf366ff1d09c1fa5fa81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 Trata a presente tese de uma pesquisa vinculada à linha de pesquisa de Políticas Públicas do Centro Universitário de Brasília – UniCEUB, que tem como propósito atestar a possibilidade de se aperfeiçoar a Política Nacional de Biossegurança com vistas à devida segurança alimentar de organismos transgênicos, em observância aos princípios bioéticos da autonomia, beneficência, não-maleficência e justiça; e da precaução, juntamente. Estabeleceu-se um fio condutor lógico, perpassando por conceitos operacionais fundamentais, análise de doutrina, julgados, pareceres conclusivos para liberação comercial de organismos transgênicos para consumo humano, e entrevistas realizadas com ex-membros da Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança - CTNBio. O estudo, para tanto, foi delineado em quatro eixos: conceitual operacional, político normativo, analítico e propositivo. Partiu-se de correlações entre os princípios bioéticos e da precaução, responsabilidade ética e equidade intergeracional, tendo como ponto convergente a segurança alimentar frente os organismos transgênicos. Foi realizada, em seguida, problematização quanto a relação entre transgênicos, bioética e meio ambiente equilibrado, por meio de análise crítica da atual legislação. Posteriormente foi realizado o estudo de Pareceres Técnico Conclusivos de liberação comercial de organismos transgênicos, emitidos pela CTNBio. Por fim, analisou-se um conjunto de políticas conectadas com segurança alimentar, bioética e transgênicos e entrevistou-se ex-membros da Comissão supracitada, no intuito de confirmação de dados colhidos via legislação, doutrina e pareceres. A realização da pesquisa possibilitou concluir que os princípios bioéticos não são utilizados quando dos estudos para a liberação comercial de transgênicos, muito menos quando da construção da Política de Biossegurança atual. Sugere-se que tais princípios são condição sine qua non para toda a lisura do processo, e que a adoção dos mesmos possibilitaria o fortalecimento do princípio da precaução. Garantir-se-ia, inclusive, a devida participação social e científica interessada, cumprindo o solicitado pelo Estado de Direito Ambiental, frente ao solicitado pelo meio ambiente equilibrado.

Este estudo assume como pressuposto que a construção do conhecimento científico é um reflexo das práticas de pesquisa e da estrutura de relações existentes entre os pesquisadores. Assim, buscou-se com este estudo identificar características de redes de coautoria de publicações científicas sobre organismos geneticamente modificados e sua relação com a cooperação e produtividade científicas no campo da pesquisa agropecuária brasileira. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo longitudinal no qual foram considerados os artigos publicados em periódicos científicos no período de 2003 a 2012. A análise dos dados foi feita considerando duas perspectivas. A primeira contempla um diagnóstico da produção científica, que realiza as medidas de cooperação e produtividade e demonstra a evolução do campo, considerando a quantidade de artigos publicados, os pesquisadores e as organizações mais atuantes no campo, comparando o seu resultado com o padrão internacional de produtividade científica (Lei de Lotka). A segunda perspectiva contempla a análise dos relacionamentos entre os autores, por meio da análise de Redes Sociais, em especial, sobre as propriedades estruturais e posicionais da rede. Neste estudo a colaboração científica é compreendida como o trabalho conjunto entre dois ou mais pesquisadores evidenciado por meio da publicação de artigos realizados em coautoria. Os resultados do estudo apontam para o crescimento da produção científica, assim como da colaboração entre os pesquisadores ao longo do tempo. Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T00:41:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARTINSV.M..pdf: 2301839 bytes, checksum: a4896350a784b8eda5d7a362e51e342b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-13 Dissertação (Mestrado) - Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade - FACE, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF.

No ano agrícola 2010/2011, 27 cultivares transgênicas de milho, com tecnologia YG ou Hx, de ciclos precoce e superprecoce, foram avaliadas em onze ambientes do Rio Grande do Sul com a finalidade de proceder às indicações para a próxima safra. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições. A densidade foi ajustada para 60.000 plantas por hectare. Com base na produção média do ensaio subtraída de um desvio padrão, foram indicadas para cultivo no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, após o segundo ano de avaliação, as cultivares AS 1551 YG, AS 1555 YG, AS 1572 YG, AS 1573 YG, AS 1578 YG, DKB 240 YG, DKB 566 YG, 2B604 Hx 30F53 H, BG 7060 Y, AG 8011 YG, AG 8022 YG e AG 8041 YG. As cultivares cuja produção permitiu alcançar o Índice de Indicação de 100 % no primeiro ano de avaliação deverão integrar o ensaio estadual por mais um ano.

(Anatomia foliar de plantas convencionais e transgênicas de Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae)). O mamoeiro, Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) é uma espécie americana, cujos frutos são largamente consumidos em todo mundo. Devido às perdas de produção provocadas por viroses e a dificuldade em controlá-las por métodos convencionais, a espécie tem sido alvo de pesquisas de melhoramento genético envolvendo transgenia para resistência a vírus. O presente trabalho descreve a anatomia foliar de plantas de mamoeiro convencional e transgênico resistente ao vírus da mancha anelar-Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) com inserção da capa protéica viral. As duas cultivares apresentam pecíolo com endoderme. Na região mediana do pecíolo, observam-se fibras pericíclicas. As folhas são hipoestomáticas e dorsiventrais, com laticíferos acompanhando os feixes vasculares e grande concentração de idioblastos com drusas de oxalato de cálcio. Tanto no pecíolo como na lâmina foliar, xilema e floema encontram-se separados por células parenquimáticas. A epiderme é glabra, possuindo estômatos anomocíticos e anisocíticos, células de paredes anticlinais retas na face adaxial e levemente sinuosas na face abaxial. Esse é o primeiro relato de endoderme e estômatos anisocíticos na espécie. O presente trabalho concluiu que o processo de transformação genética não alterou as características anatômicas das folhas de C. papaya, servindo de subsídio para avaliação da conformidade anatômica da cultivar transgênica. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-18T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anatomia-foliar-de-plantas-transgenicas-e-nao-transgenicas-de-Carica-papaya-L.-Caricaceae..pdf: 1558638 bytes, checksum: f7cdc7f1249e700d3c7be99ad23d0d73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 Leal-Costa, M, V (i.e.) Costa, M. V. L.

Feijoeiro geneticamente modificado imune ao vírus do mosaico dourado. Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-21T19:19:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bcd-2001.pdf: 3350109 bytes, checksum: 262bdcacaa525a206d55d362441cf76b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001