Search

Nanoparticles in Green Organic Synthesis: Strategy towards Sustainability presents the fundamental and latest practical uses of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in organic synthesis, as well as their promising multidimensional applications. The book examines the latest emerging research on MNP synthesis and their applications—from organic transformation to energy and the environment—allowing readers to critically analyze the role of different MNPs in seeking ideas for widespread application. The book covers the fundamentals while also providing a comprehensive account of MNPs and their modification for a variety of green platform-based derivatives, focusing on the multifunctional technological evolution. The book covers a wide range of applications in organic synthesis using a variety of transition-metal-based nanoparticles in both homo- and heterogeneous media. The text details the concept of catalyst design and recent developments in the preparation and characterization of nanomaterials, followed by several chapters on the design of catalysts for specific applications. This volume is a valuable resource for those working in green chemistry, sustainability, material science and engineering, nanotechnology, energy, and the environment. - Covers in depth the synthetic routes involved in nanoparticle synthesis in various organic transformations - Comprehensively describes the latest technology of MNPs - Illuminates key concepts with numerous visual elements such as illustrations or photographs of the featured nanoparticles, synthesis schemes, spider graphs of strengths and weaknesses of key preparations and synthesis, and flow charts and reaction mechanisms

The 20th century has seen a phenomenal growth in the global economy and continuous improvement in the standard of living in the industrialized countries. Sustainable development has become an ideal target in recent years and in the early 1990s the concept of'Green chemistry'was launched in the USA as a new paradigm, and since 1993 it has been promoted by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The success of the pharmaceutical industry is, in large part, due to the towering achievement of organic chemistry, a mature science which emerged as a distinct discipline well over 150 years ago, however this has been both a blessing and a curse. Many of our most reliable strategies for assembling target molecules employ reactions which are fifty to one hundred years old and are often named in honour of their discoverers. During these early years, the chronic toxicological properties of chemicals were often completely unknown and many unwittingly became indispensable tools of the trade. Early pioneers in green chemistry included Trost (who developed the atom economy principle) and Sheldon (who developed the E-Factor). These measures were introduced to encourage the use of more sustainable chemistry and provide some benchmarking data to encourage scientists to aspire to more benign synthesis. Green chemistry is essentially the design of chemical processes and procedures that reduce or eliminate the use, or the generation, of hazardous substances. Green chemistry is a growing area of research and an increasing number of researchers are now involved in this field. The number of publications has dramatically increased and new recognition of advances made is necessary with respect to other research areas. The synthesis of'Fine Chemicals'represents one of the main goals in organic synthesis and this new book extensively examines the main processes and procedures for their preparation under eco-friendly conditions. The book is a collection of selected research topics delivered by scientists involved in some of the more prominent fields of green chemistry. It is devoted to the synthesis of fine chemicals by the use of alternative eco-friendly solvents (ionic liquids, polyethylene glycol, water, etc.), supported organic catalysis, microwave irradiation or high pressure as contributors to more efficient processes, photochemistry as a green procedure and solvent-free processes. Each chapter gives an introduction to the various methods or procedures and their contribution to green chemistry and a variety of the most representative examples of the eco-friendly synthesis of fine chemicals are reported and discussed. In addition, there is a chapter dedicated to the application of simple reaction to the synthesis of complex molecules.The chapters are all written by authors who are experts in their field and are exhaustively referenced and the book will be invaluable for researchers and industrialists as well as academia.

The sources, distributions, and transformation of organic compounds in the solar system are active study areas as a means to provide information about the evolution of the solar system and the possibilities of life elsewhere in the universe. There are many organic synthesis processes, however, and ambiguity surrounds the relative effectiveness of these processes in explaining the distribution of organic compounds in the solar system. As a consequence, NASA directed the NRC to determine what processes account for the reduced carbon compounds found throughout the solar system and to examine how planetary exploration can advance understanding of this central issue. This report presents a discussion of the chemistry of carbon; an analysis of the formation, modification, and preservation of organic compounds in the solar system; and an assessment of research opportunities and strategies for enhancing our understanding of organic material in the solar system.

Volatile organic solvents are the normal media used in both research scale and industrial scale synthesis of organic chemicals. Their environmental impact is significant, however, and so the development of alternative reaction media has become of great interest. Developments in the use of water as a solvent for organic synthesis have reached the point where it could now be considered a viable solvent for many organic reactions. Organic Reactions in Water demonstrates the underlying principles of using water as a reaction solvent and, by reference to a range of reaction types and systems, it's effective use in synthetic organic chemistry. Written by an internationally respected team of contributors, and with a strong focus on the practical use of water as a reaction medium, this book illustrates the enormous potential of water for the development of new and unique chemistries and synthetic strategies, while at the same time offering a much reduced environmental impact.

Green, sustainable chemistry involves the designing of chemical processes with a view to reducing or even eliminating the use and production of hazardous materials. Recent endeavors have focused on limiting the use of organic solvents and replacing them with new, environmentally benign media. The chemical industry is interested in these cost-effective, alternative solvents and processes. This book provides a broad overview of the three most commonly used green reaction media. Directed at synthetic organic chemists working in academic and industrial laboratories, it will also serve as a textbook for graduate courses on green chemistry. Successful green reactions are considered, and experimental sections at the ends of the chapters provide important practical details, with illustrations of potential applications. Sufficient information is included to allow selection of the most appropriate medium. Extensively referenced, the volume offers a point of entry into the detailed literature.