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The degradation of chernozems and increased soil erosion led to the search for more advanced methods of tillage, taking into account climatic conditions, the quantity and quality of crop residues, and the volume of fertilizer application. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of various methods of basic tillage in the presence of preceding plant‘s crop residues on the growth and development of spring barley plants. The experiment was carried out in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. During the experiment, the influence of various methods of basic tillage on the agrophysical properties of the soil, its water regime, and weed infestation of spring barley crops was studied. For comparison, the following types of basic tillage were used: dump to a depth of 20–22 cm, chisel tillage to a depth of 14–16 cm, and disc tillage to a depth of 10–12 cm. Dump and chisel processing were characterized by higher grain yield. Chisel tillage provided better moisture accumulation compared to reverse ploughing. In spring, at the time of sowing grain crops in the layer of 0–15 cm, the reserves of productive moisture during chiselling were 145 mm, and during mouldboard processing 122.6 mm. Thus, chisel tillage for spring barley creates the best conditions for moisture supply and guarantees a high level of grain yield and significant profitability of production.

Until recently, mouldboard ploughing was used as the main tillage in almost the entire territory of Ukraine and Russia. However, mouldboard technologies contribute to the formation of a “plough pan”, which contributes to additional soil compaction. The intensity of agricultural production exacerbated the problem of soil compaction by machine and tractor units. The over-consolidation of soil results in stunted plant root growth, lack of oxygen, and water and nutrient restrictions. Soil compaction can be reduced by deep local chiselling. The aim of the study was to determine the density of the soil at different depths during continuous traditional cultivation (reverse ploughing). The density of the soil was evaluated by resistance to penetration into the soil in a vegetable-forage crop rotation on an experimental field with continuous traditional tillage. The measurement of penetration resistance was carried out using an automatic electronic hardness tester “DATAFIELD”. The boundaries of the experimental field were determined, a computer map of the experimental field was compiled with automatic “grid” of plot sizes, two-dimensional mapping was carried out, and the sequence and place of measurements were developed. As a result, the level of soil compaction at different penetration depths and resistance to root growth was determined. It has been established that with constant traditional reverse tillage, the soil at a depth of more than 10 cm is sufficiently compacted. At a depth of 15 cm, a strong compaction of the soil is observed, which indicates its physical and hydrological degradation.

For seed germination and the formation of a good soybean crop, significant reserves of soil moisture are required, which depends on the autumn-winter soil preparation, weather conditions and planting dates. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the main tillage technology on its agrophysical properties and conditions for the growth and development of soybean plants. Experimental crop rotation: soybean – winter wheat was carried out under favourable (hydrothermal coefficient 1.46) and dry (hydrothermal coefficient 0.66–0.87) weather conditions. The main tillage was carried out with a stratifier PRSM-5 to a depth of 15–17 cm or a chisel plough PCh-2.5 to a depth of 25–27 cm, with additional pre-sowing or post-sowing rolling with a ring-spur roller KKSH. Sowing was carried out at a depth of 10 cm with stable heating of the soil in three periods: the first at 8–10 °С, the second at 10–12 °С, and the third at 12–14 °С. As a result of evaluating the influence of various factors, it was found that under favourable conditions, the highest seed productivity of soybean plants (1.91–1.96 t·ha−1) was formed after treatment with the stratifier PRSM-5 at the first sowing period and at the second sowing period after chisel ploughing with additional soil compaction. In dry weather conditions, pre-sowing treatment with a stratifier PRSM-5 had an advantage in seed productivity by 7–12% compared to ploughing with a chisel plough PCH-2.5.

The study analyzed the thermal performance of enclosing structures made of: polystyrene concrete, heat block, arbolite blocks, foam concrete and aerated concrete. The calculation of heat losses was carried out using finite element methods, in the software package “Elcut”. The results of the study showed that the enclosing structure in the form of a wall consisting of aerated concrete blocks will be most effective in terms of heat conservation. In order to identify the most affordable and economical material for the construction of a house with an estimated area of 100 m2, an enlarged calculation was carried out, including determining the cost of building material necessary for the construction of an enclosing structure. According to the calculation results, the most expensive technologies turned out to be construction options from aerated concrete blocks and a heat block. The house made of wood-mineral composites (arbolite) turned out to be the most inexpensive. The materials of the work can be used by developers in the selection and justification of materials for wall structures of low-rise construction.

The preservation of the environment is a very urgent task today. In this regard, work is underway in many countries of the world on the design and production of electric vehicles. However, the operation of such vehicles is inextricably linked with the creation of an infrastructure for charging traction batteries. In urban conditions, the construction of infrastructure does not require the creation of special conditions. To ensure long-distance transportation, the use of electric vehicles is hampered by the lack of supply of electric power, and, consequently, the infrastructure for charging traction batteries. The solution to this problem may be the installation of an electric power generation unit on a vehicle directly during movement. This installation must ensure the necessary level of environmental friendliness during operation. These installations can run on hydrogen or natural gas. In this paper, the possibility of using a hydrogen fuel cell power plant to recharge traction batteries in transport is considered.

The article assessed the existing situation on the territory of the village school Yakovlevo, Belgorod region: geographical location, boundaries of the object, assortment of growing trees and shrubs. A center drawing was drawn up indicating the main objects. The main elements of landscape design have been developed: a sports ground, a playground, a school garden. All elements were executed in compliance with architectural and planning requirements for landscape planning of the territory. A lighting scheme for the school grounds has been developed and implemented.

Studies of epigeal bryophytes growing on the territory of public facilities in Bryansk have been carried out and the prospects of using mossy ones for the landscape organization of an urbanized environment have been considered. The studies were conducted under conditions of different levels of insolation and with different soil conditions. The species composition of the living ground cover was determined, the general projective cover of the living ground cover, the general projective cover of bryophytes, and the projective cover of each bryophyte species were established. The general and particular projective coverage of mosses was determined according to the methodology developed by us using information technology. The conducted studies have shown that the abundance and occurrence of epigeic bryophytes, as well as the dominance of mossy species in urban parks depends on the growing conditions. Bryophytes are less demanding on soil fertility, which leads to their dominance in conditions of serious disturbance of the soil cover or in its absence. Epigeic bryophytes of the parks Bryansk has a number of decorative characteristics, due to which they have a beneficial effect on the aesthetic appearance of green areas.

Currently, forest enterprises are characterized by depletion of forest resources and their significant remoteness. To solve a whole range of tasks related to forest management, monitoring of the environmental situation, control of the forest fire situation, remote sensing systems of the Earth have been developed and, to date, are successfully used. At the moment, such systems are located in almost every region, allowing dispatch centers to quickly perform their work. On the basis of the centers there are several operators who transmit information to the forestry and monitor a lot of video surveillance cameras in real time. Cameras help to detect fires and various smoke points much faster and more efficiently than satellite photography. However, the existing methods for detecting fires in forests have long been outdated and require the introduction of modern auxiliary engineering software solutions in this process. Research and development of systems that allow tracking fires that may be located far from human habitats, and their implementation in the work of forest protection enterprises is a top priority in the Ministries of Forestry.

The improvement of the traditional training system is currently relevant due to the complexity of technology and production processes, especially logging. Improving the effectiveness of training is possible due to the widespread use of digitalization of training. The purpose of the work is to determine the directions of application of new digital technologies to improve the effectiveness of training in the field of labor protection at logging enterprises. The use of electronic courses and multimedia technologies along with traditional training makes the learning process more informative, the use of electronic simulators and simulators allows you to work out practical working skills. The most modern teaching methods include the use of augmented and virtual reality technologies, artificial intelligence, which can significantly increase interest in learning and its effectiveness.

The article proposes a method for calculating the static position of the machine body. The mathematical model of the running gear is given. The dependence of the position of the center of mass in height relative to the ground on the pre-tension forces, as well as the angular deviation of the longitudinal axis of the hull from the horizontal position, is shown. A control calculation was performed, the results of which are presented in the form of graphical dependencies. The numerical experiment was carried out on the example of a tracked vehicle of a light category with a rear drive wheel.

Currently, loosening and separating machines that combine the operations of crumbling and separating of soil according to the treated layer depth have come to the forefront. Interaction of the rotor blade of these machines with the soil comprises three stages: soil core formation; steady movement; and dumping of soil from the separating grid. The article determined the direction and magnitude of soil displacement, parameters and shape of the furrow formed after the ripper passage. Based on theoretical research, a mathematical model of the interaction of working bodies with the soil was developed. The initial data were obtained experimentally, and the model was justified. As a result, it was found that the supplied soil layer thickness and the fracture angle of ripper have the greatest influence on the transporting capacity of rotor ripper. Reducing the rotor blade entry angle into the soil from 45° to 30° made it possible to raise the second soil feed of the loosening and separating machine by more than 40 times. The width of rotor ripper practically does not affect the transporting capacity. Changing the angle of ripper entry into the soil allowed obtaining of the required transporting capacity of ripping and separating machine without changing the rotor design. Practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of increasing the work productivity without increasing its energy indicators.

A comprehensive study has been carried out on the influence of technological methods of growing winter wheat on the process of formation of the above-ground mass of plants in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Crop rotation was carried out with two predecessors: black fallow and spring barley at a seeding rate of 3 and 5 million viable seeds/hectare. Evaluation of the intensity of plant development in the initial period of vegetation (measurement of absolutely dry weight of 100 plants 15 and 30 days after the emergence of full seedlings) was recorded in winter wheat plants in black fallow crops. The largest above-ground mass of the plant was formed 30 days after the emergence of full seedlings. A direct correlation was established between the amount of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0-25 cm and the period of emergence of winter wheat seedlings. The highest level of winter wheat yield was obtained for black fallow 3.46 t/ hectare when sown in the second decade of October.